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^ui`s K`t` Huoc`b

]ldi`dt`r ̂ lhdgogic Cdjgrk`sc n`d Hgkudch`sc

‟Kusch n`o`k ]lrhlkf`di`d

^lhdgogic Cdjgrk`sc n`d Hgkudch`sc‛

Hlo`s J (Ilhgk 1=01=!"

#olb$

Hlogk%gh &

's` )`ncr` ]utrc (0*=++!=+=*"

,locdl -grld.c` (0*=+&*0//0"

,ut 'u `bck`cdct` (0*=+&&+*0!"

J`uc`b ]utrc #ht`6c`dc (0*=+&*0/!0"

)`o` '%rcoc` (0*=+&*011"

)urb`sd` Kutbc`b (0*=+&*0>/+"

J'H

8/17/2019 Musik Dalam Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi

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9`jt`r Csc

C8 ]ldn`buou`d888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888880

CC8 Csc8888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888!

6.0. Klnc`kgrpbgscs..............................................................................................................6

6.6. ^labdgogica`o Nltlrkcdcsk.............................................................................................<

6.1. Qgac`o Agdstruatcgd gj ̂ labdgogiy..................................................................................:

6.>. Hgdvlrildsc Klnc`.........................................................................................................2

6.

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?`f C

]ldn`buou`d

Kusch `n`o`b s`o`b s`tu s`r`d` udtuh flrhgkudch`sc. `o`k kld!`k"`ch`d "ls`d# f`ch 

hl"`n` cdncvcnu `t`u hb`o`!`h r`k`# kusch n`"`t nc$`nch`d slf`i`c s`o`b s`tu `otlrd`tcvl.

Klo`ouc kusch# k`dusc` kldilhs"rlsch`d "ldn`"`t# su`s`d` b`tc# n`d "lkchcr`d. Kusch 

sun`b `n` sl$`h %`k`d n`buou n`d tlhdgogicd!` slo`ou kldi`o`kc "lrhlkf`di`d sl$`o`d

nldi`d &`htu. 'lrhlkf`di`d !`di `n` ncn`s`rh`d golb hlfutub`d k`dusc` `h`d hu`oct`s

kusch ctu sldncrc n`d $ui` nlkc "lrhlkf`di`d tlhdgogic. `o`k klkf`b`s "lrhlkf`di`d

tlhdgogic kusch# `h`d ncscdiiudi "uo` b`o(b`o sl"lrtc klnc`# rliuo`sc# n`d fcsdcsd!`.

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?`f CC

Csc

!808 Klnc`kgrpbgscs

Klnc`kgr"bgscs klru"`h`d cstco`b !`di klru$uh "`n` tr`ds)grk`sc `t`u "lruf`b`d "`n`

klnc` hgkudch`sc# !`di fc`s`d!` tlr$`nc klo`ouc cdtlr`hsc !`di hgk"olhs `dt`r` hlfutub`d#

tlh`d`d hgk"ltctc) n`d "goctch# slrt` cdgv`sc sgsc`o n`d tlhdgogic *+cnolr# 0,,9-.

Klnc`kgr"bgscs !`di nchlkuh`h`d golb +cnolr `n`o`b tldt`di klk"lò $`rc flrf`i`c

tlhdgogic klnc̀ hgkudch`sc slf`i c̀ `diigt̀ n`rc s t̀u hls`tu`d scstlk !`di s`ocdi

 flrbufudi`d n`rc k`s` o`k"`u# k`s` slh`r`di n`d k`s` nl"`d n`d klkcochc udsur 

hls`k``d. Kldurut +cnolr# klk"lo`$`rc scstlk hgkudch`sc slf`i`c s`tu hls`tu`d klkfu`t

hct` s`n`r f`b&` tlhdgogic tcn`h flrncrc sl`r` cdnl"ldnld n`d s"gdt`d# tlt`"c klru"`h`d

klt`kgr)gscs n`rc klnc` o`k"`u.

Kusch klru"`h`d f`ic`d n`rc hgkudch`sc. /l&`t kusch "ls`d n`"`t ncs`k"`ch`d f`ch 

hl"`n` s`tu "ldlrck` k`u"ud hb`o`!`h ou`s. Kusch !`di `n` "`n` s``t cdc ncfu`t n`d

ncslf`rou`sh`d kldiiud`h`d tlhdgogic. =lhdgogic n ò`k kusch $ui` kldi`o`kc

klnc`kgr"bgscs slcrcdi nldi`d "lrhlkf`di`d %`k`d n`d tudtut`d f`ch udtuh klk"rgnuhsc

n`d $ui` klncstrcfusch`d h`r!`(h`r!` !`di ncfu`t. 'lruf`b`d tlhdgogic nc fcn`di kusch cdc

 flr"ldi`rub "`n` "rgnuhsc# ncstrcfusc n`d hgdsuksc kusch ctu sldncrc. Flrchut `n`o`b

 "`"`r`d kldild`c klnc`kgr"bgscs !`di tlr$`nc n ò`k tlhdgogic tlrh`ct nldi`d kusch

( 'bgd`utgir`"b `n`o`b `o t̀ "lrlh`k `hustch "lrt`k` !`di ncc"t`h`d golb ngu r̀n(/gd

gtt nl K`rtcdvcool. o`t cdc nc"`tldh`d golb gt "`n` t`bud 02

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'bgdgir`"b !`di n`"`t nc"ut`r nldi`d klk`suhh`d hgcd. ò t cdc nchld ò slf`i`c

 euhlfgx "lrt`k`. '`n` t`bud 0,4:# f`b`d &`8 tlri`dtch`d golb aloouogcn . 'lrhlkf`di`d

tlrus tlr$`nc# nc t`bud 0,4:# 7ctrgo` !`di ncoudurh`d. 7ctrgo` "`n` n`s`rd!` n`o`b

'bgdgir`"b !`di ncs`k`rh`d kld$`nc jurdcturl ruk`b t`dii`.

lhct`r t`bud 0224 n`d 02,4# s``t flouk `n` gr̀ di !`di klkcochc rlagrnln kusca

ncruk`bd!`# kusch "`n` s``t ctu b`d!` nc"lrhld`oh`d ol&`t hgdslr `t`u "lrtud$uhh`d

o`disudi. Klnc` udtuh kld!lf`rh`d kusch !`di tlrhld`o "`n` s``t ctu `n`o`b  sbllt kusca.0Mr`di nldi`d st t̀us sgsc ò kldldi`b hl t̀`s "`n` s``t ctu f`d!`h !`di klk"lò $`rc

cdstrukld# tlrut`k` "c`dg# n`d klkfloc  sbllt kusca  udtuh klrlh` k`cdh`d ncruk`b.

lkldt`r` f`ic !`di tcn`h klkcochc hlk`k"u`d udtuh klk`cdh`d `o`t kusch# klkcochc `r`

o`cd udtuh kldchk`tc kusch# !`ctu ol&`t hgt`h kusch. =cn`h `n` !`di t`bu sc`"` "ldc"t` "lrt`k` hgt`h kusch. `kud# nc!`hcdc !`di klkfu`t `n`o`b /gucs +`vrl# slgr`di

 "ldir`$cd $`k n`rc ?ldlv`.6

( '`n` t`bud 0222# slgr`di flrd`k` kcol Flrocdlr kldnlkgdstr`sch`d `ò t "lrlh`k n`d

 "lkut`r su`r` !`di ncd`k`h`d ?r`kg"bgdl nc +r`dhocd @dstctutl# 'bco`nlo"bc`. o`t cdc

slt̀ bud slfloukd!` tlò b nc"`tldh`d slf`i`c ?r`kg"bgdl "lrt`k`. ?r`kg"bgdl#

 flrfln` nldi`d `o`t "lrlh`k "ldn`buoud!` 'bgdgir`"b# !`di kldiiud`h`d scocdnlr#

kldiiud`h`d tlhdgogic f`ru !`ctu jo`t ncsh  !`di tlrfu`t n`rc ococd n`d sldi.

( c̀ dt r̀` t`bud 02,2 n`d 0,44`d# slgr`di "ldlku flrd`k` 7 ònlk`r 'guosld

klk"lrhld`oh`d =lolir`"bgdl. lfu`b `o`t "lrlh`k k`idltch "lrt`k` kldiiud`h`d

h`flo flsc !`di n`"`t klrlh`k o`disudi n`rc s`kfudi`d tlol)gd# !`di slfloukd!` tcn`h 

n`"`t nco`huh`d golb 'bgdgir`"b.

( '`n` 0,14`d# "lrus`b``d lolhtrgdch ? klk"lrhld`oh`d K`idltg"bgd# slfu`b fr`dn 

n r̀c rllo-tg-rllo t`pl rlagrnlr !`di kldiud`h`d k`idltca t`pl# ncc"t̀ h`d golb +rct%')oluklr.

0   ûrgw, Egslpb. (6=0>). Klnc̀ ĝn`y 5 K`ss Agkkudca`tcgd cd `

Agdvlricdi Ygron X

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( H`slt "lrt`k` h`oc nchld òh`d "`n` t`bud 0,

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!8!8^labdgogica`o Nltlrkcdcsk

=lbdgogic`o nltlrkcdcsk sl`r` slnlrb`d` kldiii`i`s slfu`b "lkchcr`d f`b&` tlhdgogic

klkcochc l)lh !`di "ldtcdi tlrb`n`" bcnu" hct` *nolr# 644:-. =lhdgogic kusch !`di sl$`h 

`&`o bcdii` slh`r`di slo`ou flrhlkf`di $ui` flrn`k"`h "`n` hlbcnu"`d k`dusc`. Kusch 

sl$`h hlkuduo`d `&`od!` nctud$`di golb flrf`i`c k``k `o`t !`di n`"`t kldilou`rh`d

su`r`. `buou# hltch` k`dusc` flrhlcdicd`d udtuh kldchk`tc kusch# k`h` klrlh` b`rus

klk`cdh`d `o`t kusch !`di `n`. lf`i`c gdtgb hlou`ri` hlo`s kldldi`b "`n` `hbcr 0244(

`d# nck`d` `diigt`(`diigt` hlou`ri`d!` slrcdi flrk`cd cdstrukld kusch`o# tlrut`k` "c`dg

*=urg 640>-. F`d!`h `diigt` hlou`ri` !`di flo`$`r f`i`ck`d` klk`cdh`d `o`t kusch.

Hlkunc`d "`n` s``t ctu flrhlkf`di "uo` cdnustrc !`di kld$u`o sbllt kusca "`n` tghg kusch.

 `kud# "`n` iustus t`bud 0299# =bgk`s . ncsgd kldlkuh`d slfu`b tlhdgogic !`di

ncd`k`h`d pbgdgir`pb  *`klrc`socfr`r!.igv-.

 "bgdgir`pb klru"`h`d slfu`b klscd !`di n`"`t nciud`h`d udtuh klrlh`k su`r`. ldi`d

`o`t cdc# k`dusc` n`"`t nldi`d kun`b klk`cdh`d n`d kld!ck"`d su`r`. 'rcdsc" tlhdcs n`rc

 pbgdgir`pb kld$`nch`dd!` slfu`b klncuk f`ru udtuh lhs"rlsc `rtcstch# !`di "`n` `hbcrd!`

kldiuf`b kusch sl`r̀ hlslourub`d.  "bgdgir`pb  sl$`h `& ò fuh`d ncc"t̀ h`d udtuh 

kld$`&`f hlfutub`d sgsc`o !`di kldlh`dItcn`h `n` hlfutub`d "lrkcdt``d kldnls`h n`rc

k`s!`r`h t̀ udtuh rl"rgnuhsc `uncg n`d kusch# d`kud udtuh klk"lrf`b`ruc tlhdgogic

tlolir`) n`d tlol"gd *og.igv-. ctldi`b(tldi`b "rgsls "lkfldtuh`d  pbgdgir`pb# =bgk`s

ncsgd kldlkuh`d f`b&` `o`t !`di c` c"t`h`d n`"`t klrlh`k su`r`d!` n`d hlkunc`d

klk`cdh`dd!`. 'ldlku`d tlhdgogic cdc hlkunc`d kldiuf`b k`s!`r`h`t n`d nudc` kusch 

sldncrc. Hlfc`s``d k`s!`r`h`t !`di "`n` `&`od!` hltch` bldn`h kldnldi`r `t`u kldchk`tc

kusch b`rus klk`cdh`d `o`t kusch !`di `n`# `t`u f`bh`d n`t`di hl slfu`b rlsct`o udtuh 

kld!`hsch`d "lrtud$uhh`d kusch# "ud kld$`nc flruf`b sl$`h hlkuduo`d  pbgdgir`pb.

K`dusc` "ud nldi`d kun`b n`"`t kldchk`tc kusch nc ruk`b klrlh` k`scdi(k`scdi n`d

t`d"` b`rus klkcochc hl`boc`d klk`cdh`d kusch. 'lruf`b`d cdc "ud flro`d$ut tlrus n`o`k

 "lrhlkf`di`d nudc` kusch. Flrf`i`c k``k klnc` "ld!ck"`d su`r` "ud nctlkuh`d# kuo`c

n`rc "crcdi`d bct`k# a`sslttl t`pl# agkp`aat ncsa# bcdii` )grk`t ncict`o k"1. 'lruf`b`d cdc

o`b !`di tlr$`nc bcdii` slh`r`di# nck`d` kusch slk`hcd o`k` slk`hcd kun`b udtuh 

nchgdsuksc# tlrut`k` sl$`h hlkuduo`d cdtlrdlt !`di flrck"och`sc "`n` hlkuduo`d trld

ngwdog`ncdi .

=rld ngwdog`ncdi  !`di `n` sl$`h hlkuduo`d n`d "g"uolrd!` cdtlrdlt# klkf`&` "lruf`b`dtlrsldncrc $ui` f`ic nudc` kusch sldncrc n`d k`dusc` n`rc slic "rgnuhsc k`u"ud hgdsuksc.

-

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K`dusc̀ slh`r̀ di kldiiud`h`d cdtlrdlt udtuh flrf`i`c k``k hlfutub`d# tlrk`suh 

kldnldi`rh`d kusch. Nch` slfloukd!` k`s!`r`h`t k`scb kldiiud`h`d a`sslttl t`pl  `t`u

Agkp`at Ncsa udtuh kldnldi`rh`d kusch# slh`r`di nldi`d flrkcir`scd!` flrf`i`c k``k

cdnustrc hl lr` ncict`o# hlfc`s``d "ldigdsuksc`d kusch "ud kld$`nc flruf`b. Hltch` cdicd

kldnldi`rh`d slfu`b o`iu !`di f`ru# k`dusc` `h`d nldi`d gtgk`tcs klkfuh` flrf`i`c

 i`nilt  !`di klrlh` kcochc udtuh kldng&dog`n o`iu tlrh`ct n`d hlkunc`d klk`cdh`dd!` nc

kusca po`ylr  !`di `n` nc i`nilt  klrlh`. K`dusc` t`h o`ic kld$`o`dh`d rutcdt`s "lric hl tghg

kusch udtuh klkfloc ; hltch` cdicd kldnldi`rh`d kusch. `rc b`o cdc# hct` n`"`t klocb`t

 f`b&` tlr$`nc "lruf`b`d("lruf`b`d slcrcdi nldi`d flruf`bd!` tlhdgogic n`o`k nudc` kusch#

 f`ch n`rc slic "ldigdsuksc`dd!̀ n`d "rgnuhscd!`.

!818 Qgac`o Agdstruatcgd gj l̂abdgogiy

=lrtuocs n`o`k fuhu Klnc` =gn`!# Ngsl"b =urg& kldi`t`h`d# `uncg rlagrncdi `s ` klncuk

gj agkkudca t̀cgd nl$logpln `s ` rlsuot gj sgac`o% oli`o rlspgdsls tg tbl tlabdgogiy nurcdi 

ncjjlrldt plrcgns5. @` $ui` kldi`t`h`d f`b&` `n` k`s`d!` nck`d` flflr`"` "lrus̀ b``d `o`t

rlh`k`d ctu flrs`cdi. +ldgkld` cdc ncn`s`rc golb hl"lr`!``d "`r` "lrus`b``d tlrslfut

 f`b&` k`s!`r`h`t slo`ou kldicdicdh`d b`sco su`r` !`di klkcochc hu`oct`s !`di slk`hcd

 f`ius slcrcdi k`s!`r`h t̀ klkut`r uo`di rlh`k`d `uncg tlrslfut. lbcdii` cdc klkcu "`r`

 "lrus`b``d udtuh tlrus flrcdgv`sc n`o`k kldcdih`th`d tlhdgogic n`rc `o`t rlh`k`d iud`

klkldubc hlfutub`d k`s!`r`h`t. 1

`o`k "lkf`b`s`d Qgac`o Agdstruatcgd gj ^labdgogiy *;g=- tlrb`n`" rlh`k`d `uncg `t`u

kusch h`oc cdc `h`d ncf`ic kld$`nc nu` b`o# !`ctu flrn`s`rh`d hgdtld# tlhdgogic n`d ildrl.

`rc slic hgdtld# flflr`"` kusch flru"` o`ic ncfu`t flrn`s`rh`d hl`n``d !`di `n .̀

Kcs`od!`# @&`d +`os s`di`t ild`r slh`oc klkfu`t o`iu(o`iu !`di ocrchd!` flrcsch`d tldt`di

hrctch "`n` %`k`d hl"lkck"cd`d ub`rtg. F`ch hrctch tlrb`n`" "lkck"cd dli`r`# &`hco

r`h!`t# s`k"`c "lrcstc&` !`di "`n` s``t ctu tlr$`nc. /`ou udtuh "ld!`d!c cdtlrd`scgd`o `n`

r`pplr kcdlk !`di slrcdih`oc o`iud!` flrcsch`d tldt`di hl`n``d dli`r` n`d sgsc`o !`di

hlr`" h`oc klkfln`h`d k`s!`r`h`td!`# hbususd!` "lrk`s`o`b`d h`uk huoct "utcb n`d bct`k

n`d h`ct`dd!` nldi`d hl`nco`d !`di `n`. /`ou `n` "uo` o`iu !`di ncfu`t hltch` tlr$`nc

 fld`d` `o`k# sl"lrtc blrcd` !`di kldc"t`h`d o`iu @dngdlsc` Kld`dics5 "`n` t`bud 644<

 "`s` tsud`kc lb !`di nck`d` ocrchd!` flrcsch`d tldt`di rl)olhsc k`dusc` `h`d

 "lrco`hud!` slo`k` cdc tlrb`n`" `o`k. Hlkunc`d `n` Nustcd Fclflr !`di klkcochc o`iu

 flr$unuo 'r`!5# fln`s`rh`d vcnlg hoc" n`rc o`iu tlrslfut kldii`kf r̀h`d slfu`b hl`n``d ^urgw, E. (6=0>). Klnc` ^gn`y

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nudc` !`di sln`di "lr`di o`ou f`d!`h `d`h(`d`h hlco !`di kld$`nc hgrf`dd!` n`d hl`n``d

dli`r` )rch` !`di hl`n``dd!` s`di`t $`ub n`rc h`t` f`ch $ch` ncf`dncdih`d nldi`d dli`r`

k`$u n`d flrhlkf`di o`cdd!`.

`rc slic tlhdgogic# uhu" f`d!`h nctlkuh`d. Nch` kldichutc &`htu# "lrt`k` `n`  strl`kcdi 

 "`n` t`bud 0,64`d !`di k`scb kldiiud`h`d r`ncg.> '`n` %`k`d ctu# f`dn `t`u "ld!`d!c $ch`

cdicd kld!lf`rh`d o`iud!` tcn`h n`"`t nldi`d klkflrch`d  jcol k"1 t`"c b`rus fld!`d!c

sl`r` o`disudi o`ou hlkunc̀ d ncsc`rh`d "`n` s` t̀ ctu $ui`. J`o cdc ncò huh`d udtuh 

kldn`"`th`d b`sco su`r` !`di hlou`r nc r`ncg $lrdcb n`d ld`h udtuh ncnldi`r golb "`r`

hb`ò !`h. lo`d$utd!`# `n` c=udls !`di nck`d` slku` "ldiiud` ""ol n`" t̀ klkfloc

slfu`b kusch `t`u o`iu sl`r` oli`o nldi`d `r` klkf`!`r sl$uko`b u`di. Hltch` hct` sun`b

klkf`!`rd!` o`iu !`di hct` cdicdh`d o`disudi tlrsck"`d hl n`o`k c'bgdlBc'`nBc'gnB';hct` n`d o`disudi n`"`t hct` dchk`tc. =ldtud!` b`o cdc klru"`h`d tlrgfgs`d f`ru h`rld`

k`s!`r`h`t klkcochc hlfutub`d f`ru !`ctu kldchk`tc kusch nck`d` s`$` h`"`d s`$` nldi`d

`r` !`di "r`htcs. Hlkunc`d n`o`k fcn`di kusch tldtud!` slf`ic`d gr`di $ui` klkcochc

bgfc flrd!`d!c n`d slfld`rd!` sun`b `n` )`scoct`s tlrslfut !`ctu h`r`ghl. `kud# h`r`ghl

hlr`" h`oc ncf`!`dih`d klkfutubh`d kcargjgd% sgudn systlk n`d slf`i`cd!`. K`s!`r`h`t

klkfutubh`d su`tu b`o !`di "r`htcs k`h` kuol kldc"t`h`d cdiC H`r`ghl5. +`scoct`s

!`di flrfldtuh `"och`sc cdc n`"`t klkldubc hlfutub`d "`r` "lcdt` flrd!`d!c. ct`kf`b cdc

sun`b ncoldih`"c nldi`d kusch !`di "lrscs nldi`d `socd!`# o`ou `n` ocrch !`di kldicrcdic#

n`d tlrh`n`di $ch` slfu`b o`iu bcts tlrn`"`t ncn`o`kd!` "ld!`d!c `socd!` slbcdii` slgo`b(

go`b hct` n`"`t flrnult nldi`d klrlh`. Hlkunc`d k`scb n`o`k b`o h`r`ghl# "`n` t`bud 640<

;gocd +ur%l kldc"t`h`d bg&lr H`r`ghl5.

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tcdii`o nc l& Mrol`ds.: @` klkcochc slfu`b f`dn !`di fc`s` fld!`d!c udtuh slfu`b ``r`(

``r` tlrtldtu# n`d Fgonld "rcf`nc suh` slh`oc klk`cdh`d kusch !`di flrildrl igs"lo# fouls#

n`d r`itckl !`di nck`d` b`sco n`rc "lr"`nu`d hltci` b`o tlrslfut kldib`scoh`d kusch $`%%. 9

/`ou `n` kusch "g" !`di klru"`h`d "ld`k``dd!` flr`s`o n`rc sc)`t o`iu $ldcs cdc !`di

hltch` ncrcocs kld$`nc bcts n`d $ui` kusch $ldcs cdc l`sy ocstldcdi n`d tcn`h kun`b ncou"`h`d

golb f`d!`h gr`di f`ch cr`k` k`u"ud ocrchd!`. H`rld` slku` gr`di kldchk`tc kusch !`di

s`k` k`h` slku` gr`di $ui` klkfc`r`h`d kusch !`di s`k` golb h`rld` ctu kusch cdc

kld$`nc "g"uo`r. K`h` kuduoo`b ildrl pgpuo`r kusca `t`u pgp kusca. Hlkunc`d `n` kusch 

ildrl lolhtrgdch !`di nck`d` n`o`k cr`k` kuschd!` slgo`b(gò b tlrn`"`t sldtub`d

lolhtrgdch !`di klru"`h`d slfu`b ildrl !`di uhu" f`ru. H`rld` slk`hcd b`rc kusch $ldcs

lolhtrgdch slk`hcd nci`dnrudic golb k`s!`r`h`t# k`h` slf`ic`d n`rc klrlh` $ui` cdicd

klk"rgnuhsc kusch $ldcs cdc. `d hlkunc`d ncc"t`h`do`b `o`t udtuh kldud$`di "lkfu`t`d

kusch lolhtrgdch flrd`k` /`udb'`n n`d nccrcdic nldi`d `"och`sc !`di klk"lrkun`b

k`s!`r`h`t `dt`r` o`cd Kc888# /KK# n`d otr`Kc8lr. `d !`di tlr`hbcr tlrn`"`t slfu`b

ildrl !`di slfloukd!` k`s!̀ r`h t̀ tcn`h kld!`n`rc !`ctu ildrl  sgudntr`ah . Qgudntr`ah 

klru"`h`d o`iu !`di tlrh`n`di n`o`k s`tu `ofuk tlrn`"`t flflr`"` o`iu !`di kldud$`di

slfu`b )cok. /`iu(o`iu cdc flriud` udtuh kldcdih`th`d "ld!u`s`d``d slfu`b `nli`d nc )cok

n`d sgudntr`ah $ui` klkcochc hlolfcb`d !`ctu udtuh kldi(ldi`il "`r` "ldgdtgd udtuh chut

klr`s`h`d n`d kldn`"`th`d "ls`d !`di scdl`s flrus`b` s`k"`ch`d.

!8*8Hgd6lrildsc Klnc`

c n`o`k $urd`od!` !`di flr$unuo =bl ;uotur`o /gic g) Klnc` ;gdvlrildl5# Nldhcds kldi`t`h`d

 f`b&` hgdvlrildsc klnc` olfcb n`rc slhln`r "lrilslr`d tlhdgogic. cscdc# hgdvlrildsc klru$uh "`n`

`rus hgdtld klnc` !`di tlrslf`r klo`ouc kuotcklnc` po`tjgrks% hlr$`s`k` `dt`r` cdnustrc klnc`# n`d

 "lruf`b`d "lrco`hu n`rc hb`o`!`h klnc` !`di `h`d kld`rc hgdtld bcfur`d !`di slsu`c nldi`d `"`

!`di klrlh` futubh`d.

lo`cd Nldhcds# =urg& *640>- kldi`t`h`d f`b&` hgdvlrildsc klnc` tlr$`nc hltch` nu` `t`u olfcb

klnc` flri`fudi n`d tlrcdtlir`sc kld$`nc s`tu. Hgdvlrildsc klnc` $ui` n`"`t tlr$`nc hltch` hgdtld

klnc` flri`fudi nldi`d klnc` o`cdd!̀ . Hgdvlrildsc klnc` tlr$`nc slcrcdi nldi`d `n`d!`

 "lrhlkf`di`d tlhdgogic# tlrut`k` nldi`d `n`d!` hlkuduo`d n`rc cdtlrdlt. =urg& kldi`t`h`d

 bttp5!!www.tbliu"rnc".$gk!kusc$!6=00!?u!0!#unn9#gonl9c

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 f`b&` cdtlrdlt klru"`h`d "us`t n`rc flrf`i`c `s"lh hgdvlrildsc klnc`# b`o cdc flr`rtc sli`o` fldtuh 

n`rc hgdvlrildsc `t`u cdtlir`sc klnc` flrf`scs `t`s hlflr`n``d cdtlrdlt.

`o`k "`"lr cdc# `h`d ncf`b`s kldild`c hgdvlrildsc "`n` kusch !`di `h`d nc"`dn`di n`rc `s"lh 

tlhdgogic# `uncldal# cdnustrc#  ildrl%n`d"`s`r. lo`cd ctu# `h`d $ui` ncf`b`s hgdvlrildsc kusch fco`nch`cth`d nldi`d cdtlrrdlt# n`o`k b`o cdc `h`d ncf`b`s olfcb $`ub hgdvlrildsc `dt`r̀ kusch nldi`d

klnc` sgsc`o# kusca strl`kcdi% n`dng&dog`n.

• ^lhdgogic

`o`k b`o tlhdgogic# hgdvlrildsc !`di tlr$`nc "`n` kusch tlr$`nc "`n` tlhdgogic !`di nciud`h`d

udtuh kldnldi`rh`d kusch. '`n` `&`od!`# kusch b`d!` nc"lrudtuhh`d udtuh igogdi`d h`uk `t`s.

/`ou nldi`d kuduo n`d flrhlkf`did!` r`ncg !`di kuo`c klkut`rh`d kusch k`h` kusch sun`b

tcn`h o`ic kld$`nc kcoch h`o`di`d `t`s s`$`. J`d!` s`$`# nldi`d r`ncg hct` tcn`h fcs` klkcocb o`iu `"`

!`di cdicd hct` nldi`rh`d# suh` `t`u tcn`h suh` hct` b`rus kldnldi`rh`d o`iu(o`iu !`di nc"cocb n`d

nc"ut`rh`d golb N r`ncg. /`ou kuo`c kuduo`b `o`t(`o`t !`di ncc"`t`h`d udtuh kldnldi`rh`d

kusch.'`n` k`s` ctu# gr`di(gr`di b`rus klkcochc `o`t tlrsldncrc udtuh kldnldi`rh`dd!`# sl"lrtc

kcs`od!` t`"l# k"1# c"gn# n`d &`ohk`d. =lt̀ "c# slcrcdi nldi`d flrhlkf`did!` tlhdgogic udtuh 

kldnldi`rh`d kusch tcn`h o`ic "lrou udtuh `o`t hbusus udtuh klkut`rh`d kusch# b`o cdc nch`rld`h`d

`n`d!` "lrhlkf`di`d )ctur "`n` sk`rt"bgdl !`di klkudihcdh`d udtuh klk`cdh`d kusch. H`rld`

 "lrhlkf`di`d cdc# tcn`h o`ic nc"lrouh`d udtuh kldiiud`h`d nu` $ldcs tlhdgogic !`di flrfln` udtuh 

n`"`t kldchk`tc kusch.Hgdvlrildsc cdc tcn`h b`d!` tlr$`nc "`n` sk`rt"bgdl s`$`# tlt`"c $ui` "`n`

o`"tg"# t`folt n`d $ui` tlolvcsc.

=lt`"c# nldi`d `n`d!` hgdvlrildsc cdc tcn`h slrt` klrt` kldibco`dih`d tlhdgogic !`di tlo`b tlrc"t`

slfloukd!̀ . J`o cdc k`scb ncn`s r̀h`d hl"`n` "rl)lrldsc`uncldal  nldi`d klnc` `"` c` cdicd

kldchk`tc tlrslfut. J ò cdc nch`rld`h`d "lrfln``d lxplrcldal !`di ncr`s`h`d golb hct` slo`hu

`uncldal. J`d!` s $̀`# `n`d!` hgdvlrildsc cdc klk"lrkun`b " r̀` "ldchk`t kusch udtuh 

kldihgdsuksc kusch h`rld` s``t cdc udtuh kldchk`tc kusch klrlh` tcn`h o`ic "lrou udtuh klkfloc

`o`t "lkut`r kusch hbusus udtuh kldihgdsuksc kusch h`rld` )ctur "lkut`r kusch tlrslfut tlo`b

tlrslnc` nc i`nilt !`di nckcochc golb `uncldal.

Hgdvlrildsc o`cd !`di tlr$`nc "`n` kusch `n`o`b nldi`d ncc"t`h`dd!` kusca $cnlg.  Kusca $cnlg

sldncrc "lrt`k` h`oc kuduo "`n` t`bud 0,64(`d# tlt`"c klrlh` kuo`c kldgd$go "`n` t`bud 0,24(`d

hltch` kuduo K=7. l"lrtc !`di hct` hlt`buc# kusch ncc"t`h`d n`o`k fldtuh `uncg. lkldt`r`

ctu#kusca $cnlg kldii`fudih`d fldtuh `uncg n`rc kusch nldi`d fldtuh vcsu`o n`rc vcnlg. J`o cdc

tldtud!` kld`kf`b kcd t̀ `uncldal n`o`k kldihgdsuksc kusch n`d $ui` klkflrch`d l8"lrcldl

olfcb nldi`d klkflrch`d i`kf`r̀ d lrct` n`rc kusch ctu sldncrc.  Kusca $cnlg sldncrc nciud`h`d

udtuh tu$u`d "rgkgscgd`o# `rtcstc# n`d $ui` nciud`h`d slf`i`c s`o`b s`tu str`tlic k`rhltcdi udtuh kldcdih`th`d "ld$u`o`d.

;

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Hgdvlrildsc tlhdgogic o`cdd!` `n`o`b nldi`d ncfu`td!` `""och`sc nck`d` hct` sl`h`d klk`cdh`d5

`o`t(`o`t kusch sl"lrtc ict`r# nruk# n`d "c`dg slbcdii` hct` sl`h`d(`h`d fcs` klk`cdh`d `o`t kusch 

tlrslfut t`d"` "lrou fcs` udtuh klk`cdh`d `o`t kusch `socd!`. `d $ui` `"och`sc(`"och`sc !`di

tlrslnc` udtuh kldilnct n`d kld!`tuh`d o`iu sl"lrtc &`r`il '`dn n`d o`cdd!`.

•  @uncldal

Hgdvlrildsc klnc` $ui` n`"`t kldcdih`th`d `hu"`d `uncldal. Hlkuduo`d cdtlrdlt klkun`bh`d

 "`r` `uncldaludtuh kld`rc cd)grk`sc !`di klrlh` cdicdh`d. Flictu "uo` b`od!` nldi`d kusch.

ldi`d `n`d!` hgdvlrildsc `dt`r` kusch n`d cdtlrdlt# hgdvlrildsc `dt`r` "`r` "lkcoch klnc`# n`d

hgdvlrildsc tlhdgogic n`ò k cdtlrdlt# klrlh` klou`sh`d `hu"`d `uncldal !`di n`"`t klrlh`

t`dih`". ldi`d `n`d!` hgdvlrildsc# hct` n`"`t kldchk`tc kusch(kusch !`di flr`s`o n`rc %`k`d

!`di flrfln`# hct̀ n`"`t kldchk`tc kusch(kusch !`di flr̀ s ò n`rc dli`r` flrfln`# n`d $ui`

kld`hu" ildlr`sc(ildlr`sc flrfln`.

Hgdvlrildsc $ui` kld!lf`fh`d kusch !`di t`ncd!` b`d!` ncdchk`tc `t`u nctu$uh`d udtuh hb`o`!`h 

tlrtldtu s`$` kld$`nc ncdchk`tc golb hb`o`!`h !`di olfcb ou`s. J`o cdc tldtud!` klkf`&` n`k"`h 

 "gsctc) f`ic cdnustrc kusch h`rld` slk`hcd f`d!`h `uncldal !`di flrb`sco klrlh` `hu" k`h`

hludtudi`d !`di klrlh` n`"`th`d k`h` `h`d slk`hcd fls`r. lo`cd ctu# `n`d!` hgdvlrildsc $ui`

olfcb kldiudtudih`d f`ic `uncldl. H`rld` nldi`d slk`hcd klou`sd!` "cocb`d !`di ncf`&` golb

hgdvlrildsc# k`h` `unclds slk`hcd klkli`di hu`s` `t`s "cocb`dd!`. J`o cdc nch`rld`h`d klrlh`

n`"`t kldigdtrgo n`d klkcocb slsu`c nldi`d hlcdicd`d klrlh` n`d `"` !`di flrk`d)``t f`ic

klrlh`.

l"lrtc b`od!̀ f`i`ck`d` `uncldal klkcocb tlhdgogic `"` !`di klrlh` iud`h`d udtuh klk`cdh`d

kusch klrlh`# ildrl o`iu sl"lrtc `"` !`di klrlh` suh`c# n`d "o`t)grk `t`u `"och`sc `"` !`di klrlh`

iud`h`d udtuh kldn`"`th`d n`d kldnldi`rh`d kusch klrlh`.

• Cdnustrc n`d Ildrl

`o`k cdnustrc# hgdvlrildsc klnc` tlr$`nc hltch` cdnustrc kusch flhlr$` s`k` nldi`d cdnustrc o`cdd!`.

;gdtgb !`di n`"`t nc`kfco `n`o`b hltch` cdnustrc flhlr$` s`k` nldi`d cdnustrc "lr)cok`d `t`u f`bh`dcdnustrc i`kl n`d kldc"t`h`d sgudntr`ah.Qgudntr`ah sldncrc n`"`t flrfldtuh kusch !`di klk`di

hbusus ncc"t`h`d slf`i`c kusch !`di nciud`h`d udtuh )cok `t`u i`kl tlrtldtu# `t`u kusch !`di

tlo`b `n` slfloukd!` !`di hlkunc`d nc"cocb udtuh kldicrcdic )cok `t`u i`kl tlrslfut.

Qgudntr`ah klru"`h`d ildrl kusch !`di ncb`scoh`d n`rc hgdvlrildsc !`di tlr$`nc h`rld` `n`d!`

hlr$`s`k` `dt`r` cdnustrc(cdnustrc tlrslfut. Hgdvlrildsc cdc klru"`h`d sckfcgscs kutu`ocskl n`rc

cdnustrc(cdnustrc tlrslfut. (`dngk n`rc kuscsc !`di tlr"cocb udtuh kldicsc  sgudntr`ah `h`d tlrf`&`

udtuh kldgdtgd )cok `t`u klk`cdh`d  i`kl!`di klk)cturh`d kuscsc )`vgrct klrlh` tlrslfut# n`d

0=

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 $ui` slf`ochd!` !`ctu gr`di(gr`di kld$`nc klkcochc hltlrt`rch`d hl"`n` kuscsc !`di nc)cturh`d "`n`

)cok `t`u i`kl tlrslfut.

;gdtgb !`di tlrhld`o `n`o`b  sgudntr`ah udtuh )cok +rg%ld5. +cok `dck`sc tlrslfut klr̀ cb

hlsuhsls`d fls`r sltlo`b klr`cb flflr`"` "ldib`ri``d# flictu"uo` nldi`d o`iu /lt ct ?g5 !`dincdgkcd`sch`d slf`i`c  'lst rcicd`o Qgdi golb !a`nlky !w`rn  "`n` t`bud 640># n`d $ui` klr`cb

 "c`o` ?r`kk! udtuh  'lst sgdi wrcttld jgr $csu`o klnc`  "`n` t`bud 640

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• ]`s`r

Hgdvlrildsc klnc` $ui` tldtud!` klruf`b hl`n``d "`s`r. '`dis` "`s`r kusch tlo`b f`d!`h flruf`b

 "`n` lr` ncict`o. '`n` s``t cdc# tcn`h f`d!`h o`ic gr`di(gr`di !`di klkfloc fldtuh )csch n`rc kusch 

*sl"lrtc h`slt# n# vcd!o# `t`u o`cdd!`- klshc"ud gr`di(gr`di !`di kldchk`tc fldtuh )csch n`rc kusch 

tcn`h kldibco`di s`k` slh`oc. Hlflr`n``d cdtlrdlt klkfu`t f`d!`h gr`di(gr`di !`di flr`ocb hl"`n`

 fldtuh kusch ncict`o. lh`r`di cdc olfcb f`d!`h gr`di(gr`di !`di klkfloc kusch n`rc ctudls `t`u

s`r`d` o`cdd!` h`rld` ncr`s` olfcb "r`htcs n`d flr`i`k. Hltch` kusch tlo`b flrb`sco nc ng&dog`n#

`uncldal  fcs` kldchk`tcd!` nldi`d flrf`i`c $ldcs kusch(kusch o`cdd!` !`di tlo`b tlrsck"`d nc

)gonlrd!`. Flrfln` hltch` hct` klkut`r n n`d o`cdd!` nck`d` hct` b`d!` n`"`t kldchk`tc o`iu(o`iu

!`di `n` nc `ofuk ctu s`$`.

lo`cd "gcdt("gcdt nc`t`s# k`scb `n` o`ic hgdvlrildsc !`di tckfuo `hcf`t flrhlkf`did!` cdtlrdlt.

n`d!` hgdvlrildsc `dt̀ r` kusch nldi`d sgsc`o klnc` tlr$`nc h`rld` "lrhlkf`di`d cdtlrdlt.;gdtgbd!` `n`o`b "`n` gudn ;ogun n`d Lgutufl. ldi`d gudn ;ogun n`d Lgutufl klkudihcdh`d

hct` udtuh kldi(upog`n o`iu(o`iu c"t``d hct` sldncrc `t`u b`sco ag$lr n`rc o`iu(o`iu !`di tlo`b `n`

slfloukd!`. gc`o klnc` cdc $ui` kld$`nc "o`t)grk hct` udtuh kld`rc n`d kldnldi`rh`d o`iu !`di

hct̀ cdicdh`d. 'lrfln``d `dt`r` gudn ;ogun n`d Lgutufl `n ò`b "`n` )grk t̀. gudn ;ogun

kldi`n`"t̀ sc )grk`t `uncg gdoy sln`dih`d !gutufl kldi`n`"t`sc )grk t̀ `uncg $csu`o h`rld`

Lgutufl $ui` kld`k"coh`d vcnlg. Hlnu`d!` n`" t̀ nciud`h`d golb " r̀` kuscsc udtuh 

kldilkf`dih`d h`rcr kusch klrlh`.

Hgdvlrildsc o`cdd!̀ `n ò`b kuduod!` kusca strl`kcdi nc cdtlrdlt f`ch !`di flrf`scs `"och`sc

k`u"ud &lfsctl. Flictu"uo` nldi`d `n`d!` r`ncg(r`ncg strl`kcdi !`di `n`. J`o cdc $ui` klru$uh 

nldi`d hlkuduo`d sctus(sctus udtuh kldng&dog`n o`iu n`d $ui` "o`t)grk udtuh kldnldi`rh`d

kusch sl`r` ir`tcs. J`o cdc tldtud!` ncilk`rc golb k`s!`r`h`t h`rld` klrlh` n`"`t kldchk`tc o`iu(

o`iu hlsuh``d klrlh` t`d"` "lrou kldilou`rh`d u`di udtuh klkf`!`r.

 `kud s`!`did!` hlflr`n``d cdtlrdlt !`di klkf`dtu hgdvlrildsc ncscdc $ui` klkf`&` n`k"`h 

dli`tc) !`ctu `n`d!` "cr`! n`d $ui` k`r`hd!` cooli`o ng&dog`n h`rld` f`d!`h flrkuduo`dd!`

sctus(sctus tgrrldts udtuh klo`huh`d cooli`o ng&dog`ncdi cdc.

!8&8liuo`sc

08 Hlfc;`h`d ]ufoch nc 3r` Hgd6lrildsc

 (rllngk gj +xprlsscgd

H`"`sct`s k`dusc` udtuh kld!lf`rh`d n`d kld!u`r`h`d cd)grk`sc udtuh hls`n`r`d

rl)olhsc ncrc `n`o`b %rcdsc% n`s`r hlflf`s`d flrlhs"rlsc. Kusch k`u"ud o`iu klru"`h`d

s`o`b s`tu s`r`d` "ldtcdi f`ic hlflf`s`d flrlhs"rlsc. Molb h`rld` ctu# "ldtcdi ncf`b`s

kldild`c hlfc$`h`d hlflf`s`d flrlhs"rlsc n`o`k kusch.

06

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9`s`r buhuk n`rc hlflf`s`d flrlhs"rlsc `n`o`b lho`r`sc dcvlrs`o 'FF tldt`di

JK !`di nchlkf`dih`d olfcb o`d$ut n`o`k  ,dtlrd`tcgd`o Ag$ld`dt gd Ac$co `dn 

 "goctca`o )cibts *@;;'V-. lo`cd ctu# nc @dngdlsc` tlrn`"`t "`s`o 62# 0,>< @dngdlsc`

!`di $ui` kld$`nc n`s`r buhuk n`rc o`bcrd!` dn`di(dn`di *- V@ gkgr 1, =`bud

0,,, tldt`di J`h s`sc K`dusc` "`s`o 0> !`di flrcsch`d / Qltc`p gr`di flrb`h udtuh 

flrhgkudch`sc n`d klkplrgolb cdjgrk`sc y`di ncplrouh`d udtuh kldilkf`dih`d

 prcf`nc n`d ocdihudi`d sgsc`ody`= 0/ Qltc`p gr`di flrb`h udtuh klda`rc% klkplrgolb%

klkcochc% kldyckp`d% kldigo`b% n`d kldy`kp`ch`d cdjgrk`sc nldi`d kldiiud`h`d

 sli`o` eldcs s`r`d` y`di tlrslnc`5.2

'd.`k`d hlflf`s`d flrlhs"rlsc nc lr` hgdvlrildsc slh`r`di cdc n`"`t ncf`ic nu`

 $ldcs# !`ctu gjjocdl  E gdocdl. d`k`d tlrslfut n`"`t ncf`ic hl n`o`k nu` h`tligrc

 "lkf`t`s`d flrn`s`rh`d hgdtld n`d "lr`dih`t !`di nciud`h`d udtuh klkf`t`sc

lhs"rlsc.'`n` h`tligrc "lrt`k`# "lkf`t`s`d flrlhs"rlsc fc̀ s`d!` ncs`k`h`d nldi`d

ncshrckcd`sc. cshrckcd`sc slrcdih`oc nctlr`"h`d tlrb`n`" hlogk"gh !`di olk`b

 flrn`s`rh`d  ildnlr # "ldncnch`d# /?F=# noo. lo`cd ncshrckcd`sc# "lkf`t`s`d o`cdd!`

n`"`t flru"` bu$̀ t`d !`di hlf`d!̀ h`d nctu$uh`d "`n` `i`k` !`di kcdgrct`s n`d

 "`dn`di`d "cb`h g"gscsc. H`sus !`di tlr$`nc nc @dngdlsc`# !`ctu "lo`r`di`d hgdslr /`n!

?`i` *6406- !`di nct`di`dc golb "lrus`b``d Fursgd K`rstloolr *FK-# "lrus`b``d "ufoca

 )lo`tcgds *'V- udtuh kldilkf`och`d d`k` f`ch n`rc Fci `nn! dtlrt`cdkldt slo`hu

 "ld!loldii r̀` hgdslr /`n! ?`i`,. ldi`d `n`d!` "ldgo`h`d sl r̀` gjjocdl  golb

hlogk"gh(hlogk"gh `i`k` n`d nc"rgvgh`sc hl n`o`k klnc` sgsc`o *gdocdl-# "lrus`b``d

FK flrb`sco klkut`r(f òch hl`n``d nldi`d kldiilr`hh`d g"cdc "ufoch udtuh 

kldnuhudi hgdslr klo`ouc klnc` tr`ncscgd`o n`d gdocdl. =lrh`ct hgdtld# s`k"`c slh`r`di

s`di`t ncs`!`dih`d flouk tlrn`"`t h`tligrc rlskc udtuh kldi`tur kuschBo`iu !`di o`!`h 

ncnldi`rh`d golb `d`h(`d`h# rlk`$`# k`u"ud nl&`s`. c klrch`# b`d!` tlrn`"`t n`t`(

n`t` ho`sc)ch`sc kusch !`di ncsuh`c golb hlogk"gh ukur tlrtldtu# t`d"` `n` rliuo`scd!`.04

'lr`dih`t !`di klkf`t`sc hlflf`s`d flrlhs"rlsc n`" t̀ nc`rtch`d kld$`nc

 "ld!ldsgr`d. c lr` ncict`o slh`r`di cdc# "lo`r`di`d `hsls tlrb`n`" cd)grk`sc f`d!`h 

tlr$`nc n`o`k fldtuh "lkfoghcr`d sctus(sctus `t`u sgsc`o klnc` nc @dtlrdlt. `o`k b`o

8 bttp5!!ng#u.$gk!6=06!=!6-!ctlrlt9hl#l#"s"9#lrlhsprlsc9n"9b"h9"s"sc9k"usc"9b"k! (nc"hsls p"n" V"#u, 00 'lc 6=0 puhuo 0-.> *+)

; bttp5!!www.#ursg9k"rstloolr.$gk!$"sl9stuncls!tbl9o"n9i"i"9$g$lrt9nl#"$ol! (nc"hsls

p"n" V"#u, 00 'lc 6=0 puhuo 0.=8 *+)

0= bttps5!!kusc$k"$bclr.$gk!6=0>!=6!0!"il9spl$c4$9ocstlci!  (nc"hsls p"n" V"#u, 00

'lc 6=0 puhuo 0. *+)

0

http://donnybu.com/2012/07/25/internet-kebebasan-berekspresi-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-ham/http://donnybu.com/2012/07/25/internet-kebebasan-berekspresi-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-ham/http://www.burson-marsteller.com/case-studies/the-lady-gaga-concert-debacle/https://musicmachinery.com/2014/02/13/age-specific-listening/https://musicmachinery.com/2014/02/13/age-specific-listening/http://donnybu.com/2012/07/25/internet-kebebasan-berekspresi-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-ham/http://donnybu.com/2012/07/25/internet-kebebasan-berekspresi-dan-hak-asasi-manusia-ham/http://www.burson-marsteller.com/case-studies/the-lady-gaga-concert-debacle/https://musicmachinery.com/2014/02/13/age-specific-listening/

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kusch# "ld!ldsgr`d tlr$`nc ukukd!` "`n` ocrch o`iu. V`i`k "ld!ldsgr`d o`iu `n` nu`#

sldsgr h`t` h`s`r *sldncrc k`u"ud olkf`i`- n`d sldsgr "ldiu`s`.   00 ldsgr h`t` h`s`r 

*r`ncg lnct - kcs`od!` "`n` o`iu Qui`r ( K`rggd 9o"iu9cc9nco"r"i9ncput"r9golb9

hpcn.btkoMc%33>8;Vs@o (nc"hsls p"n" V"#u, 00 'lc 6=0 puhuo 6.>8 *+)

0>

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;`r` udtuh kld`diiuo`dic "lo`dii`r`d tlrslfut `n`o`b nldi`d kldlr`"h`d og!`otc "`n`

 "ldc"t` n`d "lkcochd!` n`d kgnlo fcsdcs f`ru !`di `h`d ncf`b s̀ "`n` f`ic`d 6.:.dtuh o`iu(o`iu agvlr/rlkcx  !`di ncc"t`h`d udtuh tu$u`d hgklrsc`o# "ld`dtuk`d

d`k` "ld!`d!c `soc s`$` tcn`h uhu" udtuh kldibcdn`rc tudtut`d buhuk "lkli`di b`h 

c"t`. i`r tcn`h klo`dii`r b`h c"t` gr`di o`cd# udtuh klrl"rgnuhsc# klrlh`k#

kldncstrcfusch`d n`d `t`u kldiukukh`d slfu`b o`iu kcoch gr`di o`cd# tlrut`k` udtuh 

tu$u`d hgklrsc`o# slslgr`di "lrou klk"lrgolb c%cd *ocsldsc- n`rc "ldc"t`B"lkli`di b`h 

c"t` slf`i`c flrchut`. /csldsc `t`s J`h Klh`dch`o *klab`dca`o rcibts-# !`hdc b`h udtuh kldii`dn`h`d#

klrl"rgnuhsc *tlrk`suh kldi`r`dslkld uo`di- n`d klrlh`k slfu`b hgk"gscsc

kuschBo`iu "`n` ;# h`slt rlh`k`d n`d klnc` rlh`k o`cdd!`D n`d `t`u f. J`h Kldiukukh`d  plrjgrkcdi rcibts/# !`hdc b`h udtuh kldiukukh`d slfu`b

o`iuBhgk"gscsc kusch# tlrk`suh kld!`d!ch`d# klk`cdh`d# f`ch flru"` rlh`k`d ̀ t`u

nc"lrtud$uhh`d sl`r` oc$l *o`disudi-# klo`ouc r`ncg n`d tlolvcsc# tlrk`suh klo`ouc

klnc` o`cd sl"lrtc cdtlrdlt# hgdslr oc$l n`d o`!`d`d(o`!`d`d kusch tlr"rgir`k.Vg!`otc `t`s klab`dca ò rcibt   !`di nctlrck` ncf`!`rh`d golb "cb`h !`di

klrl"rgnuhsc `t`u klrlh`k o`disudi hl"`n` "lkli`di b`h *fc̀ s`d!` "lrus`b``d

 "ldlrfct kusch * pufocsblr - !`di kl&`hcoc hgk"gslrB"ldc"t` o`iu-. lkldt`r`

 "lkudiut`d rg!`otc `t`s "lkflrc`d  plrjgrkcdi rcibts "`n` ukukd!` nco`huh`d golb

slfu`b olkf`i` *nc @dngdlsc` ncslfut /lkf`i` K`d`$lkld Hgolhtc) /KH5- flrn`s`rh`d hlsl"`h`t`d `dt`r` "ldc"t` n`d olkf`i` tlrslfut *gdtgb AK@ A`b`d`

Kusch @dngdlsc` n`d LH;@ L`!`s`d H`r!` ;c"t` @dngdlsc`-.  01 ;gdtgb "ld!`d!c !`di

kldi(ag$lr  o`iu(o`iu gr`di o`cd nldi`d ocsldsc# `n`o`b `frcd`.gousc !`di "`ocdi tl"`t n`o`k csu agpyrcibt  cdc `n`o`b `n`d!` hls`n`r`d n`rc "`r`

 "ld!`d!c n`d "lkusch udtuh klkfu`t ocsldsc Arl`tc$l Agkkgds  *;;-# !`ctu su`tu

ocsldsc b`h c"t` !`di klk"lrfgolbh`d "ufoch udtuh klkf`ich`d n`d kldiiud`h`d

h`r!` slslgr`di nldi`d s!`r`t tlrtldtu *ukukd!` fuh`d tu$u`d hgklrsc`o-.0>  ldi`d

`n`d!` "lrs!`r`t`d n`d hlcdicd`d n`rc s`di "ldc"t` kuschBo`iu ctu sldncrc# klkfu`t

hl"u`s`d n`d hl`nco`d !`di tlrc"t` `dt`r` "ld!`d!cB"lkusch# gdocdl po`tjgrk# n`d uslr .

!8 ^ t̀` Hlogò Cdtlrdlt$ ]rc6`sc

'rcv`sc s`di`t flrh`ct`d lr`t nldi`d jrllngk gj lxprlsscgd. c lr` @dtlrdlt slh`r`di#

`rus "lrtuh r̀`d cd)grk`sc kld$`nc slk`hcd f`d!`h n`d l" t̀# flictu "uo` `uncldals.0 bttp5!!www.buhukgocl.$gk!hocch!nlt"co!ot-=l$;=l>n6-!"p"h"b9kl"ch"9uo"i9o"iu9gr"i9o"c9klo"ii"r9b"h9$cpt" (nc"hsls p"n" "kcs, 06 'lc 6=0 puhuo

=.=- *+)

0> bttps5!!$rl"tc

8/17/2019 Musik Dalam Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi

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'lklrcdt`b flrhlk`k"u`d klo``h uslr   n`d kldibldn`hc slku` n`t` cdncvcnu `i`r 

ncsck"`d "`n` slrvlr dli`r` tlrtldtu. K`h`# "lklrcdt`b "ud klo`dih`bc r`d`b "rcv`sc

uslr # slbcdii` klkf`t̀ sc hlflf`s`d flrlhs"rlscd!`. ldi`d `n`d!` %lkf`t`s`d

tlrslfut# o`k`(hlo`k``d kld!lf`fh`d flrhur̀ did!` hlrlo``d k`s!`r`h`t udtuh 

kldilhs"rlsch`d "ldn`"`t. K`s!`r`h t̀ !`di nck`hsunh`d tlrf`ic kld$`nc "rgnusld

kuschBo`iu *sldck`d- n`d hgdsukld kuschBo`iu *"ldchk`t sldc-. `t` n`d hlbcnu"`d

 "rcf`nc "`r` sldck`d !`di nchlt`buc golb slourub dltc

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s`$`# t`d"` n`"`t klo`huh`d "gstcdi hl b`o`k`d +`lfggh. +`lfggh# slo`cd klocf`th`d

 "ldiiud` n`o`k "rgsls "ld!ltu$u`d# $ui` klkflrch`d )ctur udtuh kldgo`h nc `hbcr.

!8+8?csdcs Kusch 

`o`k "ldlr`"`dd!`# kgnlo fcsdcs "`n` cdnustrc kusch kld$`nc s`o`b s`tu kgnlo fcsdcs !`di "`ocdi flr`i`k. l`r` ukuk# "`n` "`"lr cdc `h`d nc"`"`rh`d "lrhlkf`di`d fcsdcs kusch 

!`di `h`d ncf`ic n`o`k nu` f`ic`d. Hlnu` f`ic`d tlrslfut kudihcd `h`d kldud$uh`d "lr`d

cdtlrdlt !`di klkcochc "ldi`rub s`di`t fls`r tlrb`n`" "lruf`b`d kgnlo fcsdcs "`n` cdnustrc

kusch ctu sldncrc. F`ic`d "lrt`k` `h`d ncf`b`s "lrhlkf`di`d kgnlo fcsdcs cdnustrc kusch 

slflouk hlkuduò d cdtlrdlt# !`di k`d` $ui` flrbufudi`d nldi`d klnc̀ !`di

nc"lriud`h`d. lo`d$utd!` "`n` f`ic`d hlnu` `h`d ncf`b`s "lrhlkf`di`d fcsdcs slh`ocius

sc`s`t !`di nctlr`"h`d golb "`r` "lo`hu cdnustrc kusch sltlo`b hlkuduo`d cdtlrdlt n`d lr`ncict`o.

?csdcs kusch slflouk cdtlrdlt

l`r` ukuk# fcsdcs kusch slflouk cdtlrdlt olfcb flr)ghus "`n` "ld$u`o`d Gkusch3 ctu

sldncrc. 'lrfln``dd!` b`d!` tlrn`"`t "`n` klnc` !`di nciud`h`d udtuh klo`huh`d

 "ld$u`o`d sl"lrtc vcd!o# h`slt# n`d agkp`at ncsa  *;-. `kud tlrd!̀ t`# slflouk

nctlkuh`dd!` klnc`(klnc` !`di n`"`t nciud`h`d udtuh klrlh`k n`d kldncstrcfusch`d

su`r` tlrslfut# fcsdcs kusch tlo`b flr$`o`d nldi`d "ld$u`o`d kusch lt`h n`d oc$l sbgw `t`u

hgdslr.

 3c$l sbgw kusca

'`n` `&`o "lrhlkf`di`dd!` slflouk nctlkuh`d "lr`o`t`d("lr`o`t`d sl"lrtc klscd lt`h# `o`t

 "lrlh`k# r`ncg# n`d o`cd slf`i`cd!` "`r` kuscsc !`di flrilout nc nudc` "lrkusch`d

klk)ghush`d "ldn`"`t`d klrlh` n`rc "ld`k"co`d klrlh` sl`r` o`disudi nc tlk"`t(tlk"`t

 "lrtud$uh`d. 'ldn`"`t`d !`di klrlh` n`"`th`d kurdc klru"`h`d n`rc fc`!` "ld`k"co`dklrlh` `t`u ngd`sc n`rc "`r` "ldnldi`r. 'lrtud$uh`d kusch `t`u !`di s``t cdc olfcb nchld`o

nldi`d hgdslr $ui` flro`d$ut bcdii` k`s` hlkuduo`d cdtlrdlt *!`di `h`d nc$lo`sh`d nc

 f`ic`d slo`d$utd! -̀# d`kud hgdslr $ui` flrhlkf`di "`n` k`s`(k`s` slflouk hlkuduo`d

cdtlrdlt nldi`d hgdslr rgh "lrt`k` nc nudc` !`ctu tbl Kggdngi ;grgd`tcgd F`oo "`n` t`bud

0,

8/17/2019 Musik Dalam Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi

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ovcs 'rlsol! n`d =bl Fl`tols !`di kld$`nc "log"gr tlrc"t`d!` hgdslr kusch tur nudc` `t`u

!`di hct` hld`o slf`i`c Agron =gur "`n` k`s` hcdc. lo`cd ctu =bl Fl`tols $ui` kuduo

slf`i`c kuscsc "lrt`k` !`di kldc"t`h`d slh`ocius kld`k"coh`d kusch klrlh` sldncrc.

 "rcdtln kusca

c"lrtldi`b`d `f`n hl 0,# ncnuhudi golb nctlkuh`d n`d flrhlkf`did!` klscd lt`h#

olkf`r`d hlrt`s n`d !`di nchuk"uoh`d kld$`nc slfu`b fuhu kusch`o kld$`nc "rgnuh ut`k`

n`rc cdnustrc kusch nc nudc`. J`o cdc ncnuhudi h`rld` "`r` "ldgdtgd "lrtud$uh`d kusch cdicd

kldnldi`rh`d hlkf`oc kusch !`di klrlh` nldi`rh`d nc"lrtud$uh`d nldi`d klk`cdh`d

hlkf`oc kusch !`di klrlh` nldi`rh`d nc "c`dg klrlh` k`scdi(k`scdi. 'lrhlkf`di`d

 "ld$u`o`d fuhu kusc`o cdc nc`&`oc golb Mtt`vc`dg 'ltruc nc hgt` hcfo`t kusch s``t ctu#

7ldcl# nldi`d kldlt`h huk"uo`d dgt`sc kusch "lrt`k`# *`rkgdcal Kuscals nbla`tgd.

 `kud# hgklrsc`ocs`sc huk"uo`d dgt`sc kusch "lrt`k` f`ru nco`huh`d "`n` "lrtldi`b`d

`f`n hl 02 golb cstrc n`rc gk"gslr fls`r nudc`# Kg%`rt# !`di kld$u`o huk"uo`d k`dushrc"

n`d dgt`sc n`rc hgdslr(hgdslr Kg%`rt slfloukd!`.

 )lagrnln Kusca

Hlkuduo`d rlagrnln kusca  ncnuhudi golb "lrhlkf`di`d tlhdgogic !`di nchlkf`dih`d

golb =bgk`s o"b` ncsgd. Hgklrsc`ocs`scd!` nc`&`oc nldi`d hlkuduo`d ;goukfc`Vlgrns "`n` t`bud 0229 slf`i`c "lrhlkf`di`d n`rc 7got` ?r`"bg"bgdl ;gk"`d! !`di

k`d` $ui` kld$`nc o`flo rlh`k`d "`ocdi tu` nc nudc`. `k"`c s``t cdc "ud ;goukfc` Vlgrns

*s``t cdc nckcochc gd! Kusc dtlrt`cdkldt- kld$`nc s`o`b s`tu o`flo rlh`k`d tlrsuhsls

nldi`d kldigrfcth`d kuscsc(kuscsc hlo`s nudc` sl"lrtc nlol# Kcb`lo N`hsgd# 'rcdl#

bcdii` `)t 'udh. Jcdii` s``t cdc rlagrnln kusca tlrus flrhlkf`di tlrut`k` n`rc slic klnc`

ncstrcfuscd!`. ckuo`c "`n` k`s` `&`od!` flru"` "ld$u`o`d vcd!o# h`slt# n`d gk"`t ncs

*;- sl"lrtc !`di tlo`b nc$lo`sh`d "`n` f`ic`d slfloukd!`. ``t cdc "lt` "lrs`cdi`d o`flo

rlh`k`d nc nudc` nc ngkcd`sc golb lk"`t "lrus`b``d fls`r !`ctu gd! Kusc dtlrt`cdkldt#

dcvlrs`o Kusc ?rgu"# A`rdlr Kusc ?rgu"# n`d K@ Kusc. c @dngdlsc` sldncrc o`flo

rlh`k`d "`ocdi fls`r $ui` klru"`h`d fldtuh lhs"`dsc n`rc ?ru" gd! !`ctu gd! Kusc

@dngdlsc`.

 )cdif`ahtgdl

F`d!`h o`flo(o`flo rlh`k`d nc @dngdlsc` !`di flhlr$` s`k` nldi`d "rgvcnlr("rgvcnlr 

tlol"gd slouolr !`di kld$`nch`d o`iu(o`iu slf`i`c d`n` s`kfudi "rcf`nc. ldi`d fc`!`

08

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tlrtldtu !`di nct`rch sl`r` rutcd *"lrkcdiiu `t`u "lrfuo`d- o`flo rlh`k`d sl"lrtc d`i`s&`r`

 flrf`ic hludtudi`d nldi`d "rgvcnlr tlrslfut n`rc hludtudi`d "lk`h`c`d rft.

?csdcs kusch sltlo`b hlkud.uo`d cdtlrdlt

Hlkuduo`d cdtlrdlt n`"`t nch`t`h`d klrlvgousc fcsdcs kusch. '`r` "lo`hu cdnustrc tlrslfut

b`rus "`dn`c("`dn`c klkut`r gt`h `i`r fcsdcs klrlh` nc cdnustrc kusch n`"`t flrt`b`d. J`o

cdc ncslf`fh`d h`rld` hlfcs``d kusch udtuh ncncstrcfusch`d n`o`k )grk`t ncict`o !`di s`di`t

lr`t h`ct`dd!` nldi`d "cr`! !`di tlo`b nc$lo`sh`d slfloukd!`. J`scod!`# n`o`k flflr`"`

t`bud flo`h`di`d f`d!`h o`flo rlh`k`d !`di iuoudi tch`r h`rld` tcn`h uhu" hu`t udtuh 

kldib`n`"c slolhsc `o`k. '`n` h`sus nc @dngdlsc` kcs`od!` `n`o`b cs =`rr` n`d ]u`rcus

!`di slk"`t slh`r`t nldi`d kldigfr`o b`fcs(b`fcs`d "rgnuh klrlh`# bcdii` "`n` `hbcrd!`

 flflr`"` fuo`d o`ou ]u`rcus k`tc tgt`o n`d cs =`rr` kldutu" b`k"cr slf`ic`d fls`r ilr`c

klrlh`. =ldiilo`kd!` fcsdcs kusch hgdvldscgd`o n`o`k fldtuh )csch Gncs"gdsgrc3 golb tlrus

 flrhlkf`did!` fcsdcs kusch ncict`o. cf`&`b cdc klru"`h`d fldtuh(fldtuh kgnlo fcsdcs

kusch nc lr` ncict`ocs`sc n`d flflr`"` str`tlic fcsdcs !`di tlo`b nctlr`"h`d "lo`hu cdnustrc

kusch hgdvldscgd`o n`d "`r` kuscsc n`o`k r`dih` kldsc`s`tc b`o tlrslfut.

cstrcfusc kusch ncict`o

'`n` sl"uoub t`bud "lrt`k` nc`f`n hl 60 ncstrcfusc kusch klo`ouc ng&dog`n n`d strl`kcdi*!`di slf`ic`d fls`r cooli`o- kld$`nc olfcb "g"uo`r n`rc"`n` fldtuh )csch *vcd!o# h`slt# ;-.

J`o cdc ncnuhudi golb "lrhlkf`di`d cdtlrdlt !`di flictu "ls`t. =`b`" `&`o "lrhlkf`di`d

 fcsdcs ncict`o nc nudc` nc`&`oc nldi`d hlkuduo`d sctus "lrtuh`r`d kusch "llr(tg("llr !`ctu

 `"stlr !`di klkcu flictu f`d!`h hgdtrgvlrsc. "`fco` nch`cth`d nldi`d GFlt&lld nlocdl

`dn ` dl& gdocdl fuscdlss kgnlo3 h`r!` dnrlu Vc"gools n`d Nlssc` ;`stcoog# tlrn`"`t

 flflr`"` kgnlo fcsdcs Hgr`d ncict`o !`di ncslfuth`d "`n` $urd`o tlrslfut !`di $ui` tlo`b

nctlr`"h`d nc kgnlo fcsdcs ncict`o kusch !`ctu slf`i`c flrchut

• +rll(gdtldtKgnlo fcsdcs )rll gdtldt cdc kldiiud`h`d cho`d slf`i`c sukflr "ldn`"`t`d ut`k`.

'`r` "ldnldi`r `t`u "ldi`hsls sctus tlrslfut fc`s`d!` tcn`h "lrou udtuh klo`huh`d

 "lkf`!`r`d `t`u flro`dii`d`d. `kud klrlh` kldic%cdh`d ncrc klrlh` udtuh 

nctlr"` cho`d(cho`d !`di ncsloc"h`d nc`&`o# ̀ hbcr# k`u"ud nctldi`b su`tu kusch.;gdtgb sctus !`di kldlr`"h`d kgnlo fcsdcs `n`o`b Lgu=ufl# L`bggC kusc# M/

Kusc# n`d K!"`l. Hlf`d!`h`d sctus(sctus !`di flrsc)`t )rll(gdtldt cdc

klru"`h`d sctus ncstrcfusc kusch !`di flrf`scs strl`kcdi# `rtcd!` "`r` "ldnldi`r 

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b`d!` fcs` kldnldi`rh`d o`iu(o`iu t`d"` fcs` klkcochcd!`. `o`k b`o cdc sctus(sctus

sl"lrtc Lgu=ufl n`d K!"`l flrus`b` kld$`i` bufudi`d f`ch nldi`d o`flo(o`flo

rlh`k`d slbcdii` tcn`h tlr$`nc "lkf`$`h`d. Lgu=ufl kcs`od!` !`di klru"`h`d `d`h 

 "lrus`b``d ?ggiol flhlr$`s`k` nldi`d dcvlrs`o Kusc ?rgu" n`d gd!

dtlrt`cdkldt !`di klkuduoh`d su`tu o`!`d`d !`di flrd`k` vlvg nldi`d flrf`ic

hludtudi`d n`rc cho`d.• ufsrc"tcgd lrvcl *+rllkcuk-

Nldcs sctus sl"lrtc cdc kld!lnc`h`d o`!`d`d ng&dog`n t`d"` f t̀`s hl"`n`

 "lo`dii`dd!` nldi`d fc`!` tlrtldtu !`di ncf`!`rh`d sltc`" fuo`dd!`. ltlo`b

klkf`!`r fc`!` flro`dii`d`d udtuh s`tu fuò d tlrslfut "`r` "lo`dii`d n`"`t

strl`kcdi kusch sl"u`sd!` slò k` su t̀u "lrcgnl tlrtldtu. lò cd `hsls kusch 

slku`d!` fc̀ s`d!` "lrus`b``d nldi`d kgnlo fcsdcs sl"lrtc cdc klkflrch`dhludtudi`d o`cd hl"`n` "lò dii`d !`di kldiu"ir̀ nl hl`diigt``dd!` sl"lrtc

hu`oct`s kusch !`di olfcb f`ch# t`d"` cho`d# n`d n`"`t kld!ck"`d kusch(kusch 

tlrtldtu slbcdii` tlt`" n`"`t kldnldi`rh`d kusch tlrslfut &`o`u"ud t`d"` hgdlhsc

cdtlrdlt. ;gdtgb sctus nldi`d kgnlo fcsdcs sl"lrtc cdc `n`o`b d`"stlr# s"gtc)! n`d

nll%lr. ctus(sctus ctu# !`di n`o`k hgdtlhs cdc `h`d nc`kfco gdtgb sl`r` kldn`o`k

"gtc)!# !`di f`ru flflr`"` fuo`d o`ou rlskc k`suh hl @dngdlsc`# kldlr`"h`d kgnlo

 fcsdcs !`diklkf`ic

hludtudi`d

nldi`d `rtcst

nldi`d

 "lrbctudi`d !`di tlt`" sl"lrtc "`n` i`kf`r ncs`k"cdi. lo`cd ctu# f`ic `rtcs(`rtcs

!`di flr`n` ncf`&`b o`flo rlh`k`d tlrtldtu# "gtc)! tlo`b klkflro`huh`d

 "lkf`ic`d hludtudi`d nldi`d "lrf`dncdi`d 9414 nldi`d o`flo(o`flo rlh`k`d.

 `kud slfld`rd!`# f`d!`h `rtcs !`di k`scb kldi`dii`" rg!`ot! !`di ncn`"`t n`rc

sctus(sctus !`di kldlr`"h`d kgnlo slk``k cdc tlro`ou hlco n`d hur`di

kldiudtudih`d klrlh` n`rc scsc )cd`dsc`o. • (o`(`rtl

'`n` kgnlo fcsdcs kusch sl"lrtc cdc "`r` "ldi`hsls `"och`sc `t̀ u sctus b`rus

klo`huh`d "lkf`!`r`d "`n` sltc`" kusch !`di cdicd ncnldi`rh`d. Fldtuh 

 "lkf`!`r`dd!` `n`o`b s`tu`d "lr kusch. ;gdtgb n`rc "lrus`b``d !`di kldlr`"h`d

kgnlo fcsdcs sl"lrtc cdc `n`o`b c=udls tgrl n`d k`%gd. 'lkf`ic`d hludtudi`d "`n` kgnlo fcsdcs sl"lrtc cdc olfcb $lo`s ncf`dncdih`d kgnlo fcsdcs !`di o`cd# h`rld`

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b`ri` !`di nctlr`"h`d udtuh "lro`iud!` sun`b klru"`h`d hlsl"`h`t`d n`rc o`flo#

kusch# n`d "lrus`b``d ncstrcfutgr kusch ctu sldncrc. F`ic "`r̀ "ldnldi`r `t`u

hgdsukld# kgnlo fcsdcs hl"lkcoch`d o`iu sl"lrtc cdc nc`dii`" kldiudnudih`d

h`rld` klrlh` tcn`h "lrou kldng&dog`n slourub o`iu n`o`k slfu`b `ofuk# klrlh`

n`"`t olfcb flf`s udtuh klkcocb o`iu k`d` !`di cdicd klrlh` floc `t`u nldi`rh`d.c @dngdlsc` sldncrc# nldi`d tlrus kldcdih`td!` hlfc̀ s``d tr`ds̀ hsc gdocdl n`d

hl"lkcoch`d h`rtu hrlnct klkfu`t slk`hcd f`d!`h hgdsukld !`di klò huh`d

 "lkfloc`d. lo`cd ctu f`ic "`r` kuscsc nc @dngdlsc` b`o tlrslfut $ui` kldiudtudih`d#

h`rld` f`ic "`r` kuscsc nldi`d hu`oct`s !`di f`ch# klrlh` n`"`t klr`s`h`d h`r!`

klrlh` olfcb ncb`ri`c. lo`cd ctu k`suhd!` "lrus`b``d sl"lrtc c=udls nc @dngdlsc`

kldngrgdi i`cr`b "`s`r kusch t`d`b `cr udtuh kld$`nc r`$` nc dli`r` klrlh` sldncrc.

J`o tlrslfut s`o`b s`tud!` ncfuhtch`d nldi`d n`)t`r "ld$u`o`d tlrtcdiic nc c=udls

!`di kuo`c nccsc golb d`k`(d`k` ogh`o. Fuhtc d!`t`d!` `n ò`b nunuhd!` o`iu

Hlslk"urd``d ;cdt` kcoch Vc%h! +lfc`d nc t`dii` dgklr nu` "ld$u`o`d kusch nc

c=udls kldi`o`bh`d Ggrr!3 kcoch Nustcd Fclflr.• ;rg&n()udncdi

Flflr`"` t`bud hlflo`h`di kgnlo fcsdcs sl"lrtc kuò c ncocrch golb "`r̀ "lò hu

cdnustrc kusch tlrut`k` nldi`d f`scs "ldiilk`r !`di fls`r. J`o tlrslfut ncslf`fh`d

h`rld` "lr`d "`r̀ "ldiilk r̀ sltc` kuscsc(kuscsc tlrslfut s`di`t "ldtcdi udtuh 

hlo`disudi`d kgnlo fcsdcs cdc. lo`cd ctu# kgnlo fcsdcs cdc $ui` klklrouh`d

hls`n`r`d n`rc "`r` "ldiilk`r udtuh hlo`disudi`d kuscsc cngo` klrlh`. lfltuod!`#

kgnlo fcsdcs sl"lrtc cdc flouk kuo`c nc tlr`"h`d nc @dngdlsc` h`rld` ncr`s` )`ds()`ds

i`rcs hlr`s kuscsc @dngdlsc` flouk ggh udtuh nc$`nch`d s`s`r`d "ldlr`"`d kgnlo

 fcsdcs sl"lrtc cdc.``t cdc tlrn`"`t slfu`b sctus !`di flrd`k` '`trlgd. l`r` ukuk sctus cdc t`k"`h 

sl"lrtc Lgu=ufl d`kud tcn`h tlrn`"`t cho`d. '`trlgd ncslfut slf`i`c tlk"`t kcir`sc

 f`ru n`rc sctus Lgu=ufl nck`d` ncb`r`"h`d "`r` rl`tgr n`rc slfu`b vcnlg fcs`kldn`"`th`d "ldn`"`t`d )cd`dsc`o n`rc sltc`" kusch vcnlg !`di ncu"og`nd!`.

'ldn`"`t`d klrlh` klru"`h`d b`sco ngd`sc n`rc "`r` '`trgd !`di sl`r` suh`rlo`

klkflrch`d ngd`sc. F`ic "`r` "`trgd# klrlh` $ui` fcs` kldn`"`th`d hludtudi`d

sl"lrtc `hsls lhsousc) tlrb`n`" kuscsc# "gtgdi`d b`ri` nc tghg klrb`dncsl# bcdii`

vcnlg u`"`d slo`k`t uo`di t`bud.• ;rgss(sufscncls

Kgnlo fcsdcs rgss sufscncls `n`o`b nldi`d klkflrch`d sl`r` ir`tcs `t`u fc`!` !`di

 $`ub olfcb kur`b "rgnuh tlrtldtu `t`u s`k"ol nldi`d b`r`"`d n`"`t kldcdih`th`d

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 "ld$u`o`d "rgnuh `soc `t`u "rgnuh o`cdd!`. ;gdtgb "ldlr`"`d kgnlo fcsdcs cdc `n`o`b

`"` !`di "lrd`b nco`huh`d golb V`ncgbl`n n`o`k "ld$u`o`d scdiol nc `ofuk klrlh`

 "`n` t`bud 6449# @d V`cdfg&s. '`n` "ld$u`o`d `ofuk tlrslfut V`ncgbl`n tcn`h 

kldlt`"h`d b`ri` !`di "`stc. Klrlh` klkflf`sh`d "`r` "ldiudnub `ofuk tlrslfut

udtuh kldlt̀ "h`d b`ri` slsu`c nldi`d hls̀ diiu"`d n`d hlk`u`d klrlh` `t`u

 f`bh`d t`d"` klkf`!`r s`k` slh`oc. A ò`u"ud K@# o`flo !`di kld`udic f`dn

tlrslfut tcn`h klrlol`sl sl r̀` "`stc hludtudi`d !`di klrlh` n`" t̀h`d klo òuc

 "ld$u`o`d tlrslfut d`kud nc"lr`!` str`tlic tlrslfut kldcdih`th`d "ld$u`o`d `ofuk

V`ncgbl`n sl`r̀ nr`stcs. lo c̀d ctu# gdtgb o c̀d !`di udch n`d uhu"

kldiilk"`rh`d `n`o`b `"` !`di nco`huh`d golb 'rcdl "`n` `ofukd!` 'o`dlt `rtb

 "`n` t`bud 6449. @` flhlr$` s`k` nldi`d Hgr`d kcdiiu`d nc @diircs udtuh 

kld$`nch`d ; ofuk tlrslfut slf`i`c fgdus. J`scod!`# slo`cd "ld$u`o`d `ofuk

tlrslfut nc"lrhcr`h`d kldcdih`t# hgdslr 'rcdl "`n` t`bud(t`bud slo`d$utd!` $ui`

tcn`h "lrd`b sl"c "ldgdtgd. !nnctcgd`o kusca fuscdlss

Hld!`t``dd!` "`n` s``t cdc kgnlo(kgnlo fcsdcs ncict`o flouk ncr`s` uhu" udtuh 

kldn`t`dih`d hludtudi`d )cd`dsc`o f`ic "`r` kuscsc# o`flo# "ldc"t` o`iu# n`d "cb`h("cb`h 

tlrh`ct o`cdd!`. `o`b s`tu "ld!lf`f ut`k`d!` `n`o`b "lkf`$`h`d !`di `h`d nc$lo`sh`d "`n`

 f`ic`d slfloukd!`. `kud# tlrh`ct nldi`d b`o tlrslfut "`r` "lo`hu fcsdcs kusch n`d !`di

 flrbufudi`d nldi`dd!` kldsc`s`tcd!` nldi`d b`o(b`o ncf`&`b cdc• Hgdslr kusch 

r`stcsd!` "ldurud`d tcdih`t "ld$u`o`d )csch kusch klkfu`t "`r` kuscsc n`d o`flo

klrlh` b`rus klkut`r gt`h udtuh tlt`" kldn`"`th`d hludtudi`d. Molb h`rld` ctu

sl`r` rutcd "`r` kuscsc kldiilo`r slfu`b hgdslr kusch n`o`k fldtuh tur flrhlococdi

nudc` nldi`d b`ri` tchlt !`di flictu flr`i`k. Jcdii` s``t cdc nc`t`t hgdslr 1:4g 6

!`di ncilo`r "`n` t`bud 644,(6400 slf`i`c tur nudc` tlrsuhsls !`di ncb`ncrc olfcb

n`rc :: rcfu "ldgdtgd n`o`k 004 h`oc hgdslr nldi`d hludtudi`d bcdii` olfcb n`rc 91: $ut` ngoo`r. c @dngdlsc`# hgdslr(hgdslr `t`u sbg& nc ``r`(``r` tlrtldtu nc"`dn`di

slf`i`c str`tlic ut`k` "`r` `rtcs udtuh kldn`"`th`d hludtudi`d. `r`(``r` kusch 

nc tlolvcsc bcdii` udn`di`d(udn`di`d hgdslr g))`cr kld$`nc "ldud$`di "ldn`"`t`d

kuscsc(kuscsc t`d`b `cr nctldi`b "ldn`"`t`d n`rc "ld$u`o`d fldtuh )csch kusch !`di

k`hcd kldurud.• 'ld$u`o`d klrb`dncsl

'ld$u`o`d klrb`dncsl flrbufudi`d lr`t nldi`d "ld!loldii`r``d hgdslr nc`t s̀.

ck`d` s``t "ld!loldii`r``d hgdslr tlrslfut# ncslnc`h`d fggtb(fggtb !`di kld$u`o

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klrb`dncsl rlskc "`r` kuscsc !`di nc$u`o hl"`n` "ldgdtgd nldi`d b`ri` !`di

tlrh`n`di tcn`h k`suh `h`o sl"lrtc h`gs# ilo`di# n`d $`hlt. lo`cd ctu# t`h $`r`di $ui`

 "`r` kuscsc kld$u`o klrb`dncsl klrlh` klo`ouc sctus rlskc `t`u b`o`k`d strl`kcdi

kusch klrlh` sl"lrtc Lgu=ufl 7lvg. '`r` kuscsc $ui` f`d!`h !`di kuo`c klkfu`t

 "rgnuh("rgnuh !`di flrh`ct`d nldi`d ncrc klrlh` &`o`u"ud tcn`h flrh`ct`d nldi`d

kusch sl"lrtc "`r)ukl n`d `o`t hl`dtch`d.• on-fut-igon sloocdi 

Flo`h`di`d cdc kldurut n`t` n`rc flflr`"` sukflr nch`t`h`d f`b&` "ld$u`o`d vcd!o

kldi`o`kc "ldcdih`t`d nctldi`b "ld$u`o`d fldtuh )csch kusch ;. F`ic "`r` kuscsc

nc ou`r dlilrc b`o cdc nc"`dn`di slf`i`c slfu`b kgnlo fcsdcs !`di kld`rch. ;gdtgb

tlrf`ru `n`o`b V`ncgbl`n !`di "`n` t`dii`o 2 Klc 640: o`ou kldiukukh`d f`b&`

klrlh` `h`d kld$u`o hlkf`oc vcd!o n`rc `ofuk tlrf`ru klrlh`. 'ld$u ò`d vcd!onc`dii`" slf`i`c "ld$u`o`d "rlstcil. lo`cd ctu# `o`s`d o`cd hlkf`ocd!` vcd!o hl

cdnustrc "lrkusch`d `n`o`b h`rld` vcd!o nc`dii`" klkcochc hu`oct`s su`r` olfcb $lrdcb

ncf`dncdih`d fldtuh kusch )csch o`cdd!`. Hlkuduo`d hlkf`oc vcd!o cdc kldc"t`h`d

`dii`"`d f`b&` kgnlo fcsdcs kusch t`h b`d!` flrsc)`t ocdl`r d`kud# ogdictuncd`o.• 'ld$u`o`d ; nc ilr`c rlstgr`d l"`t s`$c n`d kcdck`rhlt

c @dngdlsc` f`d!`h "`r` kuscsc kuo`c n`rc "`r` sgogcst *;cdt` /`ur`- bcdii` f`dn

*bc$`u n`ud# `rk`n`- !`di kld$u`o ; rlh`k`d klrlh` nc ilr`c(ilr`c rlstgr`d l"`t

s`$c sl"lrtc H+; n`d kcdck`rhlt sl"lrtc o)`kcnc. 'ld$u ò`d !`di ncò huh`d nc

rlsgtgr`d l"`t s`$c fc`s`!` nc$`nch`d s`tu nldi`d "`hlt k`h`d`d !`di ncfloc.

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?`f CCC

Hlsck%uo`d

Kusch klkcochc h`ct`d !`di flictu ou`s nldi`d tlhdgogic n`d "lrhlkf`di`dd!`. 'lrhlkf`di`d

tlhdgogic tlrut`k` n`o`k b`o hlkuduo`d cdtlrdlt klkcochc "ldi`rub !`di flictu fls`r tlrb`n`"

kusch `"`fcò nc"`dn`di n`rc scsc klnc`# kgnlo fcsdcs# n`d rliuo`scd! .̀ `rc sunut "`dn`di

klnc`kgr"bgscs kldud$uh`d f`b&` "lrhlkf`di`d tlhdgogic nc nudc` "lrkusch`d tlrus kldi`o`kc

hlk`$u`d !`di n`" t̀ kldc"t`h`d n`k"`h tlrb`n`" tlbdgogic`o nltlrkcdcsk. lo c̀d ctu

 "lrhlkf`di`d kusch $ui` ncslf`fh`d golb )`htgr()`htgr sgsc`o !`di flrhlkf`di nc k`s!`r`h`t.

'lrhlkf`di`d tlhdgogic ctu sldncrc $ui` kldckfuoh`d tlr$`ncd!` hgdvlrildsc klnc` !`di

kld!lf`fh`d kuduod!` fcsdcs kusch !`di f`ru n`d flr`i`k. 'lrhlkf`di`d cdtlrdlt turut kld$`nc

 "ldngrgdi b`rus `n`d!̀ rliuo`sc !`di sl$`o`d nldi`d "lrhlkf`di`d tlrslfut.

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?`f C2

9`jt`r ]ust`h`

?uhu$

:nolr, F"uo. (6==). ^labdgogica`o "ltlrkcdcsk.

+urilss, V. E. (6=0>) ^bl #cstgry g$ Kusca %rgnuatcgd. Dlw Sgrh5 A%2grn

Nc. ^bl Auotur`o 3gica gj Klnc` Agd$lrildal.  @dtlrd`tcgd`o Ngurd`o g) ;uotur`o tuncls# 7goukl 9*0- 11(>1

Hurf`oc$ #̀ Ngv`d. *640>-.  !d ,dtrgnuatcgd tg ,dtlrdlt &g$lrd`dal 5 tb  +n. &ct%lro`dnc"og+gudn`tcgd

tr`ufb``r# N. /`rgsl# V. `vld"grt# /. *6406- Klnc` 9gw8 ?dnlrst`dncdi Klnc`% Auoturl

`dn ^labdgogiy ; 

tb

 +n. A`ns&grtb# ;ldi`il /l`rdcdi.=urg Ngsl"b. *640>-. Klnc` ^gn`y 8 K`ss Agkkudca`tcgd cd ` Agd$lricdi 4tb +n.  l&

Lgrh Vgutolnil.

g. 00 =`bud 6442 tldt`di @d)grk`sc n`d =r`ds`hsc olhtrgdch *@=-

Octtr`cd# N. 6442. ^bl (uturl gj ^bl ,dtlrdlt !dn *gw ^g Qtgp ,t . l& J`vld L`ol dcvlrsct!'rlss

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