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Cultural Economy
Nada vob- oki Institute for International RelationsZagreb
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Sources
International Flows of Selected Cultural Goods andServices,
1994-2003. Defining and capturing the flows ofglobal cultural trade
, UNESCO Institute for Statistics,
Montreal, 2005KEA, The Study on the Economy of Culture inEurope,
Brussels, The European Commission,Directorate General for Education
and Culture,
2006UNCTAD XI, Creative Industries andDevelopment, Geneva,
2004
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Data on values and trade
UNCTAD: overall market value of cultural andcreative industries:
about 1,3 trillions of USdollars annually 4% of the world GDP
in2004UNESCO: 7% of the world GDPFrom 1994 to 2002 the trade in
cultural goods
doubled
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Data on values and trade
Restricted to a limited number of countries wherehigh income
economies are the largest producersand consumers of cultural
goods.
Systemic framework: globalism, neo-liberalism2002: the largest
exporter was Europe / the EU(United Kingdom is the leader)- 51,8%
share, Asia(China)- 20,6%, North America (United States of
America)- 16,9% share2002: the largest importers: USA, UK,
Germany
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Data on values and trade
Most traded cultural goods: recorded media,printed media, visual
artsCultural goods: consumer goods whichconvey ideas, symbols and
ways of life.Core (contents) and related (material)
culturalgoods
Cultural services : facilitate production anddistribution of
cultural goods
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Markets
Strategic significance of cultural goods and servicestodayNorth
America: largest market (43,5 % share);
EMEA (Canada, Europe, Middle East, Africa); Asia;Latin
AmericaCountries in transition: about 1% of world culturaltrade.
This percentage has remained the sameduring the last ten
yearsCorrelation between Gross National Income (GNI)per capita and
exports (cultural industries in richcountries grow faster and
exports are bigger)
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Balances
USA net importer of cultural goods (2003)Main destination of USA
cultural exports:Canada, Mexico, Japan, Germany and UK
China: net exporter of cultural goodsTransitional countries:
growing importers ofcultural goods
During 1990ties the data suggest a 10%growth in the worlds
average demand fordomestic repertoires
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Legal issues
Authors rights (i.e. individual authors rights),copyrights
(rights referring to cultural product andcreative work) and piracy
(neglect of any rights)Intellectual property rights (authors
rights, patents,trademark, industrial design, etc.)
WorldIntellectual Property Organization WIPOCreative commons
(Richard Stallman, LawrenceLessig): copyleft, General Public
License GLP,Open-source software OSSiCommons : a movement for free
culture (IPR,digitalization, free software, etc.)
