Name: Group: Phylum: Arthropoda; Subphylum: Myriapoda Classe

Name: Group:

35

Phylum: Arthropoda; Subphylum: Myriapoda

Classe: Chilopoda Class: Diplopoda

centipede Scolopendra sp. milipede Julus sp.

What are the 3 main differences between centipedes and milipedes?

Notes:

Macroscopic

Name: Group:

36

Phylum: Arthropoda; Subphylum:Hexapoda

Classs: Collembola (springtails)

Allacma fusca

Sketch in the furca – forked end part of the abdomen of springtails. What is it used

for?

Springtails are members of edaphon – community of small soil-dwelling organisms.

What is their ecological role in the soil?

Notes:

magnification

Name: Group:

37


Classs: Insecta chewing mouthparts of beetles

Chewing mouthparts are the oldest type of mouth appendages found in insects, the

individual parts are often modified in evolution to form variously specialised mouth

organs. Sketch in and name all parts of the chewing mouthparts of a beetle, use the

presentation to extract the needed information.

Name the „types of insect mouth“ A, B, C, D. Give one example of insect species with

each type.

Notes:

Magnif.:

Name: Group:

38


Classs: Insecta

respiratory organ of insects - trachea

Sketch in taenidiae. What is their function in the trachea?

What do you think is the main difference between respiratory organs of insects and

vertebrates?

Notes:

Magnification

:

tracheoles

cells of the trachea wall

Opening of trachea - spiracle

Name: Group:

39


Classs: Insecta examples of hemimetabolous insects Orders: Ephemeroptera, Mantodea, Blattodea, Dermoptera, Phasmatodea

Identificate the shown insects to genera, and mark taxonomic order to which they

belong to.

Observe the pincerlike cerci of earwig. What is their function?

What is the position of mouth in earwig, compare it with the praying mantis and

cocroach.

magnif.:

♀ ♂

antenae

head

pro-thorax

meso-thorax

opisto-thorax

tracheal gills

3 pairs

of legs

caudal cerci

Name: Group:

40


Classs: Insecta examples of hemimetabolous insects

Orders: Odonata, Orthoptera, Hemiptera,

Identificate the shown insects to genera or species, and mark taxonomic order to which

they belong to.

Explain how the hemimetabolan ontogeny proceeds.

What type of mouthparts is present in the bedbug, what kind in cricket or a

grasshopper?

Macroscopic

Name: Group:

41


Classs: Insecta Order: Phthiraptera lice

Suborders: Anoplura / Amblycera / Ischnocera cow louse (Haematopinus eurysternus), poultry shaft louse (Menopon gallinae) Horse biting louse (Bovicola

equi)

Complete the outlines of the heads of ectoparasites from the 3 presented orders. Use

higher magnification to sketch in the mouthparts in the cow louse and horse biting

louse. Find the differences between the 3 orders.

What type of metamorphosis is present in louses (are they holometabolic or

hemimetabolic)?

Notes:

magnification:

Pubic louse Pthirus pubis

human ectoparasite

transmittable by sexual

intercourse.

Louse eggs called

nits are attached

to hair of the host.

Name: Group:

42


Classs: Insecta; Order: Siphonaptera (fleas)

Fill in the name of observed genus1 ................... genus 2..........................

Find 4 differences between the two presented specimens and use the key to identifiacte

them to genus level.

What important diseases (parasites) are transmitted by fleas?

Fleas have ...................metamorphosis.

Notes:

Magnification:

body segment of insects.

Name: Group:

43 Simplified key for identification of common genera and species of fleas

(Siphonaptera)

1 No ctenidia (rows of strong spines) present on the head or thorax..........……….…..2

- At least one ctendium present (1 is usually on the prothorax) ………………………3

2(1) Medial side of coxa of hind leg has no rows of short spines………………….

………….…..………….genus Chaetopsylla (carnivores, especially fox, badger)

- Medial side of coxa of hind leg carries a set of short spines

.........................................Pulex irritans (human flea)

3(1) Only one ctenidium present on the body, head carries no ctenidium. .……….......…4

- 2 ctenidia present – one on head second on prothorax ….........……………………..5

4(3) The ctenidium on the protohrax is composed of at least 12 spines. Bird ectoparasites

........…………e.g.. Ceratophyllus columbae (pigeon flea), C. gallinae (chicken flea)

- The ctenidium on the protohrax is composed of less than 12 spines. Ectoparasites of

mammals …………........................…………….e.g. Nosopsyllus fasciatus (rat flea)

5(3) Some of the tergites carry short and sharp apical denticles, eyes are reduced or

completly lost. …………………………................………………..…………...…...6

- Tergites withouut denticles, eyes evidently present...................................................8

6(5) Facial ctenidium consisting of 3 spines ....……..genus Ctenophthalmus (rodents)

- Facial ctenidium consisting of more than 3 spines .................………………………7

7(6) Facial ctenidium consisting of 4 spines, on the forehead 2 dull spines, tibia carry

rows of strong hair…………………......…………Leptopsylla segnis (house mouse)

- Facial ctenbidium consists of at least 10 dentices, no dull spines on forehead present,

no ctenidia present on tibia, body size up to 6 mm

................................................................….Hystrichopsylla talpae (mole flea)

8(5) Facial ctenidium consisting of 3 or less spines

........................................................................Archaeopsylla erinacei (hedgehog flea)

- Facial ctenidium consisting of more than 4 spines ………………………………....9

9(8) 1.denticle of head ctenidium half the size of the second denticle, forehead forming

an arch……………………………………………Ctenocephalides canis (dog flea)

- 1.denticle of head ctenidium almost the same size of the second denticle, forehead

arched onnly slightly...............……………………….Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea)

Name: Group:

44


Classs: Insecta; Order: Diptera

mosquito – Culex pipiens

sexual dimorphism and holometabolan ontogeny

Sketch in the antenae. What is the taxonomical order the mosquitoes belong to?

How is the sexual dimorphism expressed in mosquitoes? What sex is the presented

specimen?

What type of mouthparts are present in larval stage of mosquitoes? What is the

difference from adults?

Where the larvas live and how they breathe?

Magnification to each

picture:

palps

stylet

compound eyes

compound eyes antenae

stylet

antenae head

thorax Egg raft

mouthparts

mobile pupa of mosquito

Name: Group:

45


Classs: Insecta; Order: Diptera

deer ked (deer fly) – Lipoptena cervi

What type of mouthparts can be seen on deer ked?

Do deer ked use their wings? Why do they lose them?

What are halteres?

What is the most studied species from the order Diptera?

magnification:

compound eyes

halteres

Name: Group:

46

Phylum: Arthropoda; Subphylum: Hexapoda

Classs: Insecta; Order: Coleoptera - beetles

small example of the most common families „When God was creating animals his mind was full of beetles“ entomologic proverb

Identify the correct family for presented beetles:

Nicrophorinae burying beetles, Silphinae carrion beetles

Elateridae click beetles

Meloidae Blister beetles

Scarabeoidae scarab beetles (Cetoniinae Flower chafers, Lucaninae stag beetles,

Melolonthinae cockchafers)

Curculionidae, weevils, snout beetles

Tenebriidae, Darkling beetles

Carabidae, ground beetles

Cerambycidae, longhorn beetles

Chrysomelidae leaf beetles

macroscopic.

10. 11.

12.

13.

14.

1.

2. 3.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

9.

15. antennae

Name: Group:

47

Phylum: Arthropoda; Subphylum: Hexapoda

Classs: Insecta; examples of other holometabolan insects

Orders: Hymenoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera

Sort the presented specimens to correct taxonomivcal orders:

Lepidoptera - butterfles,

Hymenoptera

Diptera

Try to look up also families of presented insects.

macroscopic.

1. 2. 3.

4.

5. 6. 7.

8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13.

Scales covering wings of

butterflies

Name: Group:

48

Documents

Name: Group: Phylum: Arthropoda; Subphylum: Myriapoda Classe