Neurohypophysial Hormone

8/11/2019 Neurohypophysial Hormone

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Hormones produced in the hypothalamus.

Forms a family of structurally and

functionally related peptide hormones.


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Recent studies have begun to investigate

oxytocin's role in various behaviors,including orgasm, social recognition, pair

bonding,anxiety, and maternal behaviors.

For this reason, it is sometimes referred to

as the "bonding hormone".

It plays an important role in

the neuroanatomy of intimacy, specificallyin sexual reproduction, in particular during

and after childbirth


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EFI IEN IES


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Vasopressin regulates thebody's retention of water by acting toincrease water absorption in thecollecting ducts of the kidneynephron.

Its two primary functions are to retain

water in the bodyand to constrictblood vessels.


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A conditioncharacterized by

Excessive thirst andExcretion of largeamounts ofseverely diluted urine,

with reduction of fluidintake having no effecton the concentrationof the urine.


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CLASSIFICATIONS OF DIABETES

INSIPIDUS

There are several forms of namely:

1. Neurogenic diabetes insipidus- more

commonly known as central diabetesinsipidus, is due to a lack

of vasopressin production in the brain due

to a range of causes.

2. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus- due to the

inability of the kidney to respond normally

to vasopressin.


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3. Dipsogenic DI- due to a defect or damage

to the thirst mechanism, which is located inthe hypothalamus. This defect results in anabnormal increase in thirst and fluid intakethat suppresses vasopressin secretion andincreases urine output.

4. Gestational DI- only occursduring pregnancy. During pregnancy, all

women produce vasopressinase inthe placenta, which breaks down ADH.Gestational DI is thought to occur withexcessive vasopressinase production.


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Treatment

Central DI

Central DI and gestational DI respond

to desmopressin which is given as intranasal

or oral tablets. Carbamazepine, ananticonvulsive medication, has also had

some success in this type of DI. Also,

gestational DI tends to abate on its own four

to six weeks following labour, though somewomen may develop it again in subsequent

pregnancies. In dipsogenic DI, desmopressin

is not usually an option.


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Nephrogenic DI

Desmopressin will be ineffective in

nephrogenic DI and is treated by reversing

the underlying cause (if possible) and

replacing the free water deficit.The diuretic hydrochlorothiazide(a thiazide

diuretic) or indomethacin can be used to

create mild hypovolemia which encourages

salt and water uptake in proximal tubule andthus improve nephrogenic diabetes

insipidus.


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An electrolytedisturbance that is

defined by an

elevated sodium level in

the blood. It is causedby a relative deficit

of free water in the

body. For this reason,

hypernatremia is oftensynonymous with the

less precise

term, dehydration.


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Treatment

The cornerstone of treatment is

administration of free water to correct the

relative water deficit. Water alone cannot be

administered intravenously (because ofosmolarity issue), but rather can be given with

addition to dextrose or saline infusion solutions.

However, overly rapid correction ofhypernatremia is potentially very dangerous.


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Therefore, significant hypernatremia should

be treated carefully by a physician or other

medical professional with experience in

treatment of electrolyte imbalance, specifictreatment like ACE inhibitors in heart failure

and corticosteroids in nephropathy also can

be used


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A condition usuallydefined as excessive

or abnormally largeproduction orpassage of urine (at

least 2.5 or 3 L over24 hours in adults).

Regulation of urine production by

ADH and aldosterone

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Neurohypophysial Hormone