New Records in the Central Patagonian Ichthyofauna

New records of warm-temperate water shes in central Patagonian coastal waters(Southwestern South Atlantic Ocean)

By N. D. Bovcon1,2, P. D. Cochia1, M. E. Gongora1,3 and A. E. Gosztonyi4

1Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Chubut, Argentina; 2Consejo Nacional deInvestigaciones Cientcas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Argentina; 3Secretara de Pesca de la Provincia del Chubut, Rawson. Chubut.Argentina; 4Centro Nacional Patagonico, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientcas y Tecnicas (CONICET), PuertoMadryn, Chubut, Argentina

Summary

In the Province of Chubut (43S47S), from 2001 to 2005 anon-board observers program analyzed 18 903 shing haulscaptured at depths of 19104 m. Sport shing tournaments

near Puerto Rawson, Chubut, were also monitored from 2004to 2006. The aim was to document the southward expansion ofve cartilaginous sh species and ten bony sh species caughtin Central Patagonian waters (Argentina): Psammobatis ex-

tenta, Psammobatis bergi, Atlantoraja castelnaui, Sympterygiaacuta, Torpedo puelcha, Selene setapinnis, Oncopterus darwini,Dules auriga, Mullus argentinae, Cynoscion guatucupa, Prion-

otus nudigula, Conger orbignyanus, Urophycis brasiliensis,Trachurus lathami, and Trichiurus lepturus. Reproductivepopulations of S. acuta, O. darwini and C. guatucupa were

detected in the Engano Bay area close to Puerto Rawson(4310S4319S). The newly reported shes pertain to warm-temperate waters, where most of the species are native to theArgentinean Zoogeographic Province. One likely hypothesis

explaining their occurrence in the area is the prevalence ofhigher water temperatures in recent times in the San Jorge Gulfand adjacent waters. Another likely hypothesis is the increase

in sampling and catch eorts in Patagonian coastal areas andalso improved capabilities in taxonomic recognition of thespecies.

Introduction

The main ecological and distributional patterns of Argentinesea shes conform with the recognized zoogeographic prov-inces in the Western South Atlantic: Magellanic Province witha Patagonian District, and Argentinean Province with a South

Brazilian and a Bonaerensean District (Fig. 1) (Lopez, 1963,1964; Balech, 1964; Menni, 1981).Menni and Gosztonyi (1982) determined four species groups

in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean: Group I, BonaerenseanFauna; Group II, Magellanic Fauna; Group III, called InnerShelf Mixed Fauna; and Group IV, Widely Distributed

Species. Based on the ichthyofauna, Menni and Gosztonyi(1982) established ve geographic areas wherein each one ofthe xed groups prevailed; these authors proved that theassociations were recognizable along 10-year intervals. Menni

and Lopez (1984) recognized the same sh associations butadded two more sh associations: one of Uncommon Speciesand one of Deep Water Species.

In Chubut Province, Argentine Patagonia, two trawlingindustrial sheries catch sh with hake (Merluccius hubbsi

Marini 1933) and a prawn (Pleoticus muelleri Bate 1888) asmain target species. These sheries operate both alongthe Central Chubut coast and in San Jorge Gulf. Asemi-industrial trawling shery with shrimp (Artemesia

longinaris Bate 1888) as its target species catches sh in theEngano Bay area. Anglers with shore-lines also make intensiveuse of this area for recreational purposes.

From 2001 onwards, the aforementioned sheries weremonitored by the Province of Chubut On-board ObserversProgram. This program not only gathered data on the target

species but also on all other species caught (bycatch).The examination of bycatch aords a good opportunity to

describe the ichthyofauna of a given area (Fennessy et al.,

1994). Unreported species in central Patagonian waters wereregistered in our bycatch examinations. The objective of thispaper was to document the southward extension of thegeographic distribution of these species: Psammobatis extenta

Garman, 1913; Psammobatis bergi Marini, 1932; Atlantorajacastelnaui Miranda Ribeiro, 1907; Sympterygia acuta Garman1877; Torpedo puelcha Lahille, 1926; Selene setapinnis

(Mitchill, 1815); Oncopterus darwini Steindachner, 1875; Dulesauriga Cuvier 1829; Mullus argentinae Hubbs & Marini, 1933;Cynoscion guatucupa (Cuvier, 1829); Prionotus nudigula Gins-

burg, 1950; Conger orbignyanus Valenciennes, 1847; Urophycisbrasiliensis Kaup, 1858; Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920 andTrichiurus lepturus Linne, 1758.The shes reported in this paper pertain to warm-temperate

waters and are mostly native to the Argentinean Zoogeo-graphic Province. One likely hypothesis to explain theirpresence in the area is the prevalence of higher water

temperatures in the San Jorge Gulf and adjacent waters.Another hypothesis is the increase in the sampling and catcheorts in Patagonian coastal areas.

Materials and methods

Some 18 903 shing hauls were analyzed from 2001 to 2005,with the Province of Chubut On-Board Observers Program asthe source of the information. Hauls were performed between43S and 47S at depths of 19104 m (Fig. 1). Recreationalshing tournaments near Puerto Rawson were also monitoredfrom 2004 to 2006.On-board observers were trained in species recognition

(Bovcon and Cochia, 2007) and data collection. At thesame time, a collection was begun to preserve 14 of the 15species reported in this paper. This collection is preserved in

J. Appl. Ichthyol. 27 (2011), 832839 2010 Blackwell Verlag, BerlinISSN 01758659

Received: September 30, 2009Accepted: May 22, 2010

doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2010.01594.x

U.S. Copyright Clearance Centre Code Statement: 01758659/2011/27030832$15.00/0

Applied IchthyologyJournal of

the Facultad de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional

de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Trelew Campus(UNPSJB-ICT).

Ichthyological collections at the Museo Argentino de

Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia, Museo de CienciasNaturales de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata,

Fig. 1. Research area and zoogeo-graphic provinces, Western SouthAtlantic

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Fig. 2. Records of (a) T. puelcha, (b)A. castelnaui, (c) P. bergi and (d)P. extenta in Central Patagonia. dcatch records; X records of preservedspecimens

New records of warm-temperate water shes 833

Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and CentroNacional Patagonico (CONICET) were checked in order toconrm or corroborate the existence of earlier records of thespecies reported in this paper from the Patagonian region.

Results

Five species of cartilaginous shes and ten bony sh species(Figs 25) previously not reported in central Patagonian

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Fig. 4. Records of (a) D. auriga, (b)T. lathami, (c) M. argentinae and (d)C. guatucupa in Central Patagonia. dcatch records; X records of preservedspecimens

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

Fig. 3. Records of (a) S. acuta, (b)C. orbignyanus, (c) U. brasiliensis and(d) P. nudigula in Central Patagonia.d catch records; X records ofpreserved specimens

834 N. D. Bovcon et al.

waters were recorded: P. extenta, P. bergi, A. castelanui,S. acuta, T. puelcha, S. setapinnis, O. darwini, D. auriga,

M. argentinae, C. guatucupa, P. nudigula, C. Orbignyanus,U. brasiliensis, T. lathami, and T. lepturus.Geographic positions of the hauls at which the species were

observed, their southward distribution extension, biogeo-graphic data, indication of reproductive populations, collec-tion number and total length range of the stored specimens are

presented in Table 1.Reproductive populations of O. darwini, C. guatucupa and

S. acuta were also detected in the Engano Bay area nearPuerto Rawson (4310S4319S), as the young and adultspecimens were caught by shore-lines throughout the year byrecreational anglers and by artisanal and coastal vessels.

Discussion

The distribution of most of marine organisms is mainly

determined by water temperature (Briggs, 1995). When watertemperature variations take place, variations in the biotas ofthe areas involved will also occur (Vinuesa, 2005). In Central

Patagonian waters, recently published papers reported theoccurrence of shes from warm-temperate waters south oftheir known distribution: Diplodus argenteus and Pagruspagrus (Galvan et al., 2005), Epinephelus marginatus and

Seriola lalandi (Irigoyen et al., 2005) and Pseudopercis numida(Venerus et al., 2007).Vinuesa (2005) reported the presence of Brazilian warm-

temperate water crustaceans in the northern San Jorge Gulf:Artemesia longinaris, Peisos petrunkevitchi, Alpheus puapeba,Pontocaris boschii, Pachycheles chubutensis, Platyxanthus

patagonicus and Cyrtograpsus altimanus. According to Vinuesa(2005), these previously unknown appearances might be due tohigher water temperatures in the gulf.

Oceanographic information from the area is scarce. Lougeet al. (2004) [based on the database of Reynolds et al. (2002)]

indicated the January existence of thermal anomalies in surfacewaters in the San Jorge Gulf and adjacent waters over twodecades (19822002); 1983 and 2000 were regarded as relatively

warm years, and 1988, 1993, and 1998 as cold ones. Using datafrom research cruises, these same authors stated that the year2000 showed the highest surface and bottom temperatures and

considered it as warmest year between 1995 and 2000.Another likely hypothesis explaining the occurrence of

warm-temperate water species in the area is the lack ofsamplings within this Patagonian area. Available historical

data come from sh assessment campaigns that were con-ducted through agreements between Argentina and the gov-ernments of Japan and Germany between 1970 and 1979.

Those cruises covered the Argentine continental shelf and didnot intensely explore the coastal areas or inner waters of thegulfs.

As of 2001 all sheries in the Province of Chubut aremonitored by an on-board observers program, wherebyinformation on both target species and bycatch is gathered.

Thus far, 90 species including those referred to in this paper,have been recognized (Bovcon and Cochia, 2007). Theprogram has enabled researchers to explore coastal watersand San Jorge Gulf inner waters, and enhance the sampling

eort in the area, thus allowing a much better knowledge ofthe presence and distribution of sh species in centralPatagonian waters.

Lopez (1964) stated that warm-water species come to thearea seasonally. Balech (1986) noticed a tongue-shaped warmwater mass west of the Malvinas Current that is subject to

periodic forward and backward movements with attenuatedeects reaching as far as the southern San Jorge Gulf. Theenvironmental conditions mentioned by Lopez (1964) and

(a)

(c)

(b)

Fig. 5. Records of (a) T. lepturus,(b) O. darwini and (c) S. setapinnis inCentral Patagonia. d catch records;X records of preserved specimens


Table1

Records,knowndistribution,southward

distributionalextension,biogeographicaldata,evidence

forreproductivepopulations,collectiondata

andtotallength

ofpreserved

specimens

Species(family)

Samplesize

Distribution

Southernmost

limitin

thisstudy

Extension

southwards

Biogeographic

Data

Indicationof

reproductive

populations

Ichthyological

Collection

TLrangein

thecollection

TorpedinidaeTorpedo

puelchaLahille,1926

Caughtin

threehauls,

4500S4600S,

at7292m

depths(Fig.2a)

From

Santa

Catarina

toRo

GrandedoSul,

Brazil1.Twospecim

ens

wereregisteredin

the

MardelPlata

area,

Argentina2

4549S,6620W

Knowndistribution

extends7

southwards,

asfarasSan

JorgeGulf

Someauthors

regard

thisspeciesasnative

orendem

icto

the

Argentinean

Zoogeographic

Province

3,4

Photographic

recordsstored

forsafekeeping

RajidaeAtlantoraja

castelnaui

(MirandaRibeiro,

1907)

Caughtin

87hauls,

4330S4700S,

at20104m

depths(Fig.2b)

From

Ro

deJaneiro,

Brazilto

Argentinaat

42S,from

thecoast

to50m

depth

5,6

4639S,6552W

Knowndistribution

extends5

southwards,

asfarasSan

JorgeGulf

Astrictly

Bonaerensean

species7,8.Toother

authors,nativeto

BonaerenseanandSouth

BrazilianDistricts3,9

Youngandadult

specim

ens

(4901050mm

TL)

caughtin

summer

byrecreational

tournamentshing

onbeaches

close

toEnganoBay

(4310S

4319S)

Threespecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT

2005

28,2005

29

and2005

30

580655mm

TL

RajidaePsammobatis

bergiMarini1932

Caughtin

fourhauls,

4300S4600S,

at3037m

depths(Fig.2c)

BetweenUruguay

(2343S)andArgentina

(3825S)andat3181m

depths10.Other

authors

x42S

5assouthern

distributionlimit

4542S,6520W

Knowndistribution

extends442

southwards,as

farasSan

JorgeGulf

Someauthors

regard

thisspeciesasstrictly

Bonaerensean8,other

authors

aspertainingto

theBonaerenseanand

South

BrazilianDistricts3

Fourspecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT

2001

2,2003

21,

2004

7and2005

16

260475mm

TL

RajidaePsammobatis

extenta

Garm

an,

1913

Caughtin

36hauls,

4300S4520S

at2676m

depths(Fig.2d)

Southwestern

Atlantic,

from

2952S40S,at

29160m

depths3,5,10

4516S,6643W

Knowndistribution

extended

5

southwards,as

farasSan

JorgeGulf

Nativeto

Bonaerensean

andSouth

Brazilian

Districts3

Eightspecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT

2002

5,2003

11,

2003

12

and2003

13

RajidaeSympterygia

acuta

Garm

an

1877

Caughtin

sixhauls,

4300S4320S

at949m

depths(Fig.3a)

Authors

reportthis

speciesupto

3904S11.

Other

authors

register

itssoutherndistribution

limitat40S

5,11

Observed

by

recreationalanglers,

SolanoBay(4543S,

6721W

)near

Comodoro

Rivadavia,Chubut

Province,Argentina

Knowndistribution

extended

540

southwards,as

farasSan

JorgeGulf

Endem

icspeciesto

theArgentinean

Province;authors

xBuenos

Aires

astype

locality

3

Youngandadult

specim

ens

(210400mm

TL)

caughtyearround

byanglers

andby

coastalandartisanal

vesselsoperatingclose

toEnganoBay

(4310S,4319S)

Fivespecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT

2002

3and2002

6.Ten

specim

ens

alsocaughtin

recreational

tournament

shing

220400mm

TL

CongridaeConger

orbignyanus

Valenciennes,

1847

Caughtin

37hauls,

4330S4645S,

at4698m

depths(Fig.3b)

From

Ro

deJaneiro,

Brazilto

Argentinaat

42S

incoastalwaters

todepthsof40m

6,12,13,14

4643S,6611W

Knowndistribution

extended

443

southwards,

toSanJorgeGulf

Astrictly

Bonaerensean

species8

Fivespecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT2003

18,2003

19,

2003

20,2004

9and2007

3

555960mm

TL

PhycidaeUrophycis

brasiliensisKaup,

1858

Caughtin

12hauls,

4300S4520S,

at872m

depths(Fig.3c)

SpeciestypicalofSouth

Americancoasts.

Registeredfrom

23S35S,distribution

notfurther

south

than

40S

(Argentina)6,12,15,16,17

4517S,6654W

Knowndistribution

extended

517

southwards,to

SanJorgeGulf

Ten

specim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT

2002

2,2002

4,

2003

17,

2003

8,2005

9and2005

21

116520mm

TL

TriglidaePrionotus

nudigula

Ginsburg,

1950

Caughtin

93hauls,

4200S4700S,

at3099m

depths(Fig.3d)

From

Ro

deJaneiro,

Brazilto

northof

Patagonianin

Argentina

(43S)in

coastalwaters6

4642S,6612W

Knowndistribution

extended

342

southwards,to

SanJorgeGulf

Astrictly

Bonaerensean

species8

Fourspecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT

2004

4,2004

5,

2004

6and

2005

15

165256mm

TL

SerranidaeDules

aurigaCuvier,

1839

Caughtin

twohauls,

4300S4400S,

at2547m

depths(Fig.4a)

From

Ro

deJaneiro,

Brazilto

north

ofArgentina12

4347S,6500W

Knowndistribution

extended

3southwards

Fivespecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT

2003

2and

2004

1

123148mm

TL


Table1

(Continued)

Species(family)

Samplesize

Distribution

Southernmost

limitin

thisstudy

Extension

southwards

Biogeographic

Data

Indicationof

reproductive

populations

Ichthyological

Collection

TLrangein

the

collection

CarangidaeTrachurus

lathamiNichols

1920

Caughtin

eighthauls,

4500S4520S,

at2072m

depths(Fig.4b)

From

GulfofMaine,

USA

(43N

)to

northern

Argentina,to

30m

depths12.

Other

authors

cite

itas

farasnorthofSan

MatasGulf(4130S)

inArgentina6

4517S,6656W

Distributionextended

4southwards,to

SanJorgeGulf

Astrictly

Bonaerensean

species8

Fivespecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT

2003

9,2005

10,2005

34,

2005

35and

2005

36

175190mm

TL

MullidaeMullus

argentinaeHubbs&

Marini,1933

Caughtin

eighthauls,

4200S4530S,

at3785m

depths(Fig.4c)

From

Ro

deJaneiro,

Brazilto

Bonaerensean

coastsin

Argentina.

Notbelow50m

depth.

Reaches

40S

inautumn

andnotexceeding37S

inspring6

4522S,6634W

Knowndistribution

extended

522

southwardsto

SanJorgeGulf.

Recordsmadein

spring-summer

andautumn

Fourspecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT

2001

1,2003

3,

2005

1and

2005

2

170230mm

TL

SciaenidaeCynoscion

guatucupa(Cuvier,

1829)

Caughtin

48hauls,

43S4545S,

at487m

depths(Fig.4d)

From

Ro

deJaneiro,

Brazil(2235S)to

approxim

ately

43S

inArgentina6.

4541S,6644W

Knowndistribution

extended

241

southwards,to

SanJorgeGulf

Astrictly

Bonaerensean

species,althoughwas

registeredsouth

of

Brazil8,18

Between2001and

2006,young

specim

ens

(65110mm

TL)

seen

yearround

asprawnshery

bycatchin

Engano

Bay.Also143335mm

size

rangecaughtin

recreationalshing

tournamentsbetween

Novem

ber

and

January

inbeaches

nearPuerto

Rawson.

Fifty

threespecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT2002

1,2003

7,2004

10,

2005

6,2005

7,

2006

6and2006

9

65306mm

TL

TrichiuridaeTrichiurus

lepturusLinne,

1758

Caughtin

sixhauls,

4500S4520S,

at2574m

depths(Fig.5a)

From

Virginia

(37N

)USA

to40S

inArgentina6,12

4524S,6705W

Knowndistribution

extended

5

southwards,to

SanJorgeGulf

Cosm

opolitanspecies,

inhabitingtemplate

and

tropicalwaters

atdepths

below100m.

Threespecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT

2003

15,2005

18and2005

19

9001030mm

TL

Pleuronectidae

Oncopterus

darw

iniSteindachner,

1875

Caughtin

ninehauls,

4300S4520S,

at1965m

depths(Fig.5b)

From

Ro

Grandedo

Sul,Brazilto

SanMatas

Gulf,Argentina,2080m

depths12

4519S,6659W

Knowndistribution

extended

4

southwards,to

SanJorgeGulf

Astrictly

Bonaerensean

species8

AtEnganoBay,species

caughtyearroundby

artisanalandcoastal

vesselsasbycatchin

prawnandshrimp

sheries.Youngspecim

ens

werealsocaughtin

Nuevo

GulfandEnganoBay,

suggestingreproductive

populationsin

thearea

Thirty

sixspecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ICT

2005

32,2005

33,

2006

12,2006

13,

2006

14,and2006

15

30225mm

TL

Caragidae

Selenesetapinnis

(Mitchill,1815)

Caughtin

twohauls,

4330S4520S,

at4381m

depths(Fig.5c)

Western

Atlanticfrom

45N

inNova

Scotia,Canadato

38S

inMardel

Plata,Argentina19,20

4516S,6624W

Knowndistribution

extended

7

southwards,to

SanJorgeGulf

Twospecim

ens:

UNPSJB

-ITC

2005

3and2007

1

195300mm

TL

1Figueiredo,1977;2CousseauandBastida,1982;3MenniandStehmann,2000;4Garca

etal.,2000;5Cousseauet

al.,2000;6CousseauandPerrota,2004;7MenniandGosztonyi,1982;8MenniandLopez,1984;9Lopez,1963;

10McE

achran,1983;11Gosztonyi,1981;12Nakamura

etal.,1986;13Figueroa,1992;14Figueroa,2006;15Goldstein,1986;16Goldstein,1988;17AcunaPlavanandVerocal,2001;18Menni,1981;19Cordeiro

andLuque,2004;20Cousseauand

Bastida,1976.


Balech (1986) would be appropriate for new species to reachtheir present distribution.

The occurrence of D. auriga, M. argentinae, U. brasiliensis,S. setapinnis, T. lepturus and T. lepidopodea, well-knownwarm-temperate water species, and that of A. castelnaui,

S. acuta, T. puelcha, P. bergi, P. exenta, C. guatucupa,C. orbignyanus, P. nudigula, T. lathami and O. darwini in theMagellanic Zoogeographic Province waters, all regarded asstrictly pertaining to the Bonaerensean district of the Argen-

tinean Zoogeographic Province or endemic to that province,necessitates a revision of the sh distribution in the ArgentineSea and consequently its ichthyogeography. This need is

enhanced by the fact that reproductive populations of at leastthree of the above-mentioned species (O. darwini, C. guatucu-pa and S. acuta) were discovered in Engano Bay area near the

Puerto Rawson area (4310S4319S), precluding the possi-bility that these shes make only occasional appearances in thearea.

Acknowledgements

This paper was made possible thanks to the Observers

Program coordinated by the Province of Chubut FisheriesSecretariat. We acknowledge the invaluable work of on-boardobservers, particularly of Nestor Santibanez, Leonardo Jerez,

Juan Jose Romero, Ruben Cambursano, Cristian Marinao,Diego Jara, Mario Robert, Gonzalo Quiroga, Gabriel Alonso,Fabian Garca, Rodrigo Cardenas, Marcelo Schmith, Osvaldo

Munoz and Jeronimo Sarsa. We wish to thank Prof. RicardoFerriz, Dra. Amalia Miquelarena and Dra. Mara BertaCousseau for allowing access to information from ichthyolog-ical collections in their care. We also wish to thank Luis

Mendia, Matas Soutric, Mauricio Gallardo Gallardo, Graci-ela Sarsa and Katy Olsen, for their assistance in the work andalso to the two anonymous referees who gave valuable advice

to improve the quality of our publication.

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Authors address: N. D. Bovcon, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales,Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San JuanBosco, Julio A. Roca 115 1 piso, (9100) Trelew,Chubut, Argentina.E-mail: [email protected]


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