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Tp ch Khoa hc v Pht trin 2010: Tp 8, s4: 698 - 707 TRNGI HC NNG NGHIP H NI

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NG DNG MY PHT IN NG B T TRNG VNH CU TRUYN NGTRC TIP TRONG H THNG PHT IN DNG NNG LNG GI

On Application of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator to

Wind Power SystemNguyn Xun Trng1, 2*, Wang Hong Hua2, V Vn Nam3

1Khoa Cin, Trngi hc Nng nghip H Ni (HUA)

2Vin Nng lng v cng trnh in, Trngi hc H Hi, Nam Kinh (Trung Quc)HoHai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China

3Phng Qun trv Thit b, Trngi hc Nng nghip H Ni (HUA)

*a chemail tc gilin h: [email protected]

TM TT

Nhm mc ch xc tin nghin cu l lun v ng dng loi my pht in ng bttrng

vnh cu truyn ng trc tip trong hthng pht in dng nng lng gi, bi bo tin hnh tnghp phn tch cc kt qunghin cu vc im kt cu v thit kchto ca my pht ng bttrng vnh cu; kthut iu khin v tnh kinh tca hthng pht in gi khi sdng mypht in ng bttrng vnh cu truyn ng trc tip. ng thi chra nhng vn cn tnti v nh hng pht trin trong tng lai.

Tkha: Kthut iu khin, my pht in ng bttrng vnh cu, truyn ng trc tip,tnh kinh t.

SUMMARY

In order to promote research and application of direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous

generator (DPMSG) to wind power system, this paper carries out a comprehensive analysis on the

results obtained from studies on the structural and design features of DPMSG and on the control

technique and economic efficiency of wind power system as DPMGS being used. Restrictions as well

as future developments are also summarized.

Key words: Control technology, direct-drive, economic efficiency, permanent magnet synchronous

generator.

1. T VN

Trong h thng pht in dng nnglng gi hin nay, thng gp loi mypht in l my d b roto dy qun hoclng sc. Vi loi my ny, vic truyn nggia tuabin gi v tuabin my pht phithng qua hp bnh rng tng tc, c nhcim h thng lgy tn hao vmi mn ckh trong hp bnh rng, kch thc ton hthng ln, gi thnh cao, hiu sut thp,ngoi ra cn to ra ting n ln khi h thng

lm vic. Loi my pht roto dy qun cn ch thng chi than - vnh trt lm cho tnhtin cy km, khi lng bo tr ln. Loi myny khi dng vi ph ti thp hoc dunglng my pht ln th cc vn trn cngbc l r. Dng loi my pht in ng bt trng vnh cu truyn ng trc tip(DDPMSG direct-drive permanent magnetsynchronous generator) chnh l bin phphu hiu khc phc cc hn ch trn.Loi my pht ny dng kch t kiu vnhcu nn loi b c tn hao kch t, nng


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ng dng my pht in ng bttrng vnh cu truyn ng trc tip trong hthng pht in ...

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cao c hiu sut, khng phi dng chithan - vnh trt nn nng cao tnh lm victin cy ca h thng, gim chi ph bo tr.Khi vn hnh, my khng cn hp th cngsut v cng t li to ra t trng nnc th ci thin c h s cng sut liin. Vi vic la chn phng thc truynng trc tip t tuabin gi n my pht sloi b c hp bnh rng, nng cao chiu sut v tnh tin cy ca t my, gimbt c lng bo dng thit b, gimthiu c nhim do ting n ca h thngpht in dng nng lng gi gy ra. Tuynhin, vic nghin cu vng dng loi mypht ng b t trng vnh cu truyn ngtrc tip dng nng lng gi hin nay miang giai on u. Xut pht t thc t

, nghin cu ny tin hnh tng hp phntch cc kt qu nghin cu v c im ktcu v thit k ch to my pht in ngb t trng vnh cu; k thut iu khinv tnh kinh t ca h thng pht in gikhi s dng t my DDPMSG. ng thi,nghin cu ch ra nhng vn cn tn tivnh hng pht trin trong tng lai.

2. C IM KT CU VTHIT K

CH TOMy pht in DDPMSG c c im ltuabin my pht ni trc tip vi tuabin gi;tc quay thp, s cc nhiu; Stato vRotokch thc ln, kt cu dng dt; qun tnhtruyn ng ln, iu ny c li cho vic nnh sng in th chp chn do phong lcto ra.

My pht in ng b t trng vnhcu (PMSG - permanent magnet synchronousgenerator) l mt thnh phn quan trng

trong t hp my DDPMSG dng nng lnggi. Nghin cu tin hnh phn tch mt sc tnh quan trng ca my pht in ngb t trng vnh cu.

2.1. Kt cu mch t

Trong my pht in ng b t trng

vnh cu dng nng lng gi, t thng myin thng c kt cu kiu hng knhhoc hng trc, nhng i khi cng thyloi hng ngang hoc loi hn hp(Chalmers, 1999; Dubois, 2004; Hwang Don-Ha v cs., 2004; Khan v cs., 2006; BaoGuang Qing vcs., 2008).

My pht in loi t thng kiu hngknh (Hnh 1) c u im l cu to ngin, d ch to, tn hao t tr nh nhng cnhc im llp t vlm mt kh khn.Trong thc t, loi my pht in ny t cng dng.

My pht in loi t thng kiu hngtrc (Hnh 2) c mch t stato v roto uc ghp bi cc a t, pha stato mch tchia lm 2 phn m ly roto. Loi my phtin ny c u im lkt cu cht ch, gn,qun tnh chuyn ng quay ln, sut sdng tn silic cao, thng gi lm mt ttv.v nhng c nhc im lph ti in tgim vhiu sut khng cao (Cheng vcs.,2005; Dubois, 2004; Eduard vcs., 1999).

My pht in loi t thng kiu hngngang (Hnh 3) c u im lkch thc nhgn, sut s dng vt liu cao, kh nngchu qu ti ln, v.v nhng c nhc imlch to viu khin phc tp, gi thnhcao (Polinder vcs., 2005).

Ngoi 3 loi my pht in chnh nutrn, hin nay cn c loi my pht c kcht kiu hn hp, gm c kch t kiu vnhcu vkch t bng dng kch t. Loi mypht ny c u im liu khin linh hot,nhng kt cu v phng thc iu khincn phi ci tin (Xu Feng, 2007). Nhvy,kt cu mch t my pht PMSG trong hthng my pht in DDPMSG dng nnglng gi thng dng hin nay vi mi loiu c nhng u nhc im ring, chnh vvy trong qu trnh tnh ton thit k lachn, cn phi suy xt tng hp tt c ccphng din v nhn t nh hng nchng nh gi thnh, vt liu, kt cu vtnh nng v.v la chn hp l.


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Hnh 1. My pht in ng b t trng vnh cuc kt cu t thng kiu hng knh

Hnh 2. My pht in ng b t trng vnh cuc kt cu t thng kiu hng trc

Hnh 3. My pht in ng b t trng vnh cuc kt cu t thng kiu hng ngang

2.2. S rnh, s cp cc vm men cnkhi khi ng

i vi my pht in PMSG, do tc gi bnh thng lkh thp, v vy thuc tn s dng in pht gi tr nhtnh th yu cu s cp cc ca my pht

phi tng i ln. Tuy nhin do kch thcli st stato c gii hn, nn trong thit kcn la chn ph hp s rnh, s cp cc vtrong thc t thng dng kiu qun dy cs rnh phn s (Wang Feng Xiang v cs.,2005).


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M men cn khi khi ng cng lmttham s quan trng ca my pht inPMSG, l m men t tr c to ra thiu ng rng - rnh. Gim m men cn khikhi ng, c th tng c phm vi vnhnh n nh ca t my pht in dngnng lng gi, nng cao hiu sut s dngphong nng, gim nhp nh ca m menquay. Trong l thuyt v thc t chngminh, bng cch dng stato rnh nghing vroto cc nghing cng nh dng stato crnh kiu phn s th u gim c mmen cn khi khi ng (Fang Ren Yuan,1992). Tuy nhin do hiu qu ca phngphp dng stato rnh nghing v roto ccnghing khng cao, nn trong thc t thngchn phng php dng stato c rnh kiu

phn s gim m men cn khi khi ng(Zhou Xiao Yan vcs., 2005).

2.3. iu kin tn nhit vlm mt

Trong h thng my pht in dngnng lng gi, tn dng tc gi trncao nn khoang my c lp t cch mtt tng i ln, v vy nu ch lm mtv tn nhit khng tt s lm cc b phnca my in pht sinh s c, khi vn bo dng sa cha gp rt nhiu kh khn.

c bit lcc t my c lp t gn khuvc b bin th yu cu lm vic tin cy cach lm mt v tn nhit li cng phic nng cao. Mt nguyn nhn rt quantrng na l do vt liu t lm nam chmvnh cu rt mn cm vi nhit . Khi nhit tng qu cao s lm cho tnh nng vtliu t gim thp, thm ch khng cn khnng kch t. ng thi khi gia tng khnng tn nhit vlm mt s nng cao phti in t, gim th tch my, gim c githnh. Do tnh ton nhit vh thng tnnhit lm mt ca my pht in DDPMSGdng nng lng gi l rt quan trng. Khitnh ton cn xem xt nh gi ng thc tcng trnh t my, hin trng cng ngh,kch thc vhiu sut ca h thng. Hinnay, phng thc lm mt thng c thc

hin bng khng kh, kh hyr, hoc dungdch cht lng (Zhang Zhao Qiang, 2007).

3. K THUT IU KHIN

3.1. Phng thc iu khin

Tc gi c tnh ngu nhin, khng nnh, dn n sut li dng phong nng lcto lc nh, v vy thu c sut s dngphong nng ln nht, cht lng in mbo th vic la chn gii php iu khin hthng my pht in dng nng lng gi lrt quan trng. Hin nay, i vi h thngpht in dng nng lng gi c hai phngthc iu khin chnh: tc khng i - tns khng i (CSCF - constant speedconstant frequency); tc thay i - tn skhng i (VSCF - Variable Speed ConstantFrequency).

3.1.1. H thng pht in dng nng lnggi iu khin theo phng thc tc khng i tn s khng i

Trong h thng pht in dng nnglng gi iu khin theo phng thc CSCFthng dng loi my pht in d b lngsc (SCIG - Squirrel Cage InductionGenerator) c s kt cu biu th hnh 4.

H thng bao gm tuabin gi, hp s tngtc , my pht in SCIG, my bin iin p xoay chiu v b b cng sut dungkhng. Tuabin gi lm nhim v bin inng lng gi thnh m men quay, trongqu trnh lm vic thng qua b iu chnhtc , tc ca bnh gi c duy tr khong hp (1~1,05) ln tc nh mc(Wang Hong Hua, 2010). Do tc quay cabnh gi thp hn nhiu so vi tc mypht yu cu nn cn b hp tng tc m

bo tn s dng in pht ca my pht ttn s cng nghip vkhng i. in p camy pht thp hn in p h thng in, vvy ha vo li in cn c my bin ptng p. My pht in d b roto lng sctrong qu trnh lm vic pht cng sut hucng ln li cn tiu th mt lng cng sut


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v cng ca li to ra t trng quay, lmlng cng sut v cng ca li in tngln, dn n h s cng sut ca li ingim. Do gia my pht SCIG v liin c lp thm b b cng sut v cng.

H thng pht in gi dng my phtCSIG iu khin theo phng thc CSCF cu im lcu to n gin, d iu khin.Nhng nhc im ca n l phm vi vnhnh vi s thay i ca tc gi tng ihp, hiu sut chuyn i nng lng thp.

3.1.2.Hthngph tindngnnglnggiiukhin theophng thc tcthayi tnskhngi

H thng pht in dng nng lng giiu khin theo phng thc VSCF c u

im l phm vi vn hnh rng, sut sdng nng lng gi cao, iu khin linhhot. Phng thc iu khin VSCF c cim: khi tc gi nh mc thp, b iukhin s iu chnh m men quay ca mypht ph hp vi s thay i ca tc gi,do tc quay ca bnh gi s c duytr gi tr c li nht, khi sut s dngnng lng gi ca h thng pht in s gic gi tr ln nht khi vn hnh; khi tc gi ln hn gi tr nh mc, b iukhin s iu chnh bnh gi hn ch

tuabin gi thu c cng sut khng vtqua gi tr cc i; thu c in nng ctn s khng i phi thng qua s kt hpgia my pht in vb bin i cng sut.Hin nay h thng pht in dng nnglng gi iu khin theo phng thc VSCFc hai loi my pht in in hnh lmypht in cm ng DFIG (double fedinduction generator) v my pht inDDPMSG.

Hnh 5 biu th s kt cu h thng

pht in dng nng lng gi iu khintheo phng thc VSCF vi my pht inloi DFIG. H thng my pht DFIG ckch t bng dng xoay chiu thng qua hthng chi than vnh trt, n c th phtin vcng c th tiu th in nng. Dyqun roto ca my pht DFIG c kt ni

vi li in thng qua b bin i nghch.Thng qua vic iu chnh tn s ca dngkch t roto thc hin m rng phm vi lmvic ca my pht. H thng pht in dngnng lng gi iu khin theo phng thcVSCF dng my pht DFIG c u im l

ch c mt phn cng sut pht ln li iqua b bin i ngch, do kch thc cab ny nh. Nhng n c nhc im lvncn hp s tng tc, do kch thc tonh thng ln, khi lm vic to ra ting nln, chi ph bo dng ln, c tn hao tronghp s, v.v Hin nay, khc phc nhcim ny, trong h thng pht in dngnng lng gi vang tin hnh nghincu ng dng h thng dng my pht inloi DDPMSG.

S kt cu h thng pht in dngnng lng gi iu khin theo phng thcVSCF vi my pht in loi DDPMSG(Hnh 6) cho thy, gia tuabin gi vtuabinmy pht c ni trc tip vi nhau khngqua hp s. Nng lng gi thng qua mypht in DDPMSG chuyn thnh dng inxoay chiu trong cun dy stato c tr s vtn s thay i s c a vo b bin i

cng sut. y n c chnh lu thnhdng in mt chiu qua b bin i AC/DC,

sau thng qua b bin i nghch DC/AC bin i thnh dng in xoay chiu tn

s cng nghip pht ln li in. h thngny, vic iu khin cng sut hu cng vcng sut v cng c thc hin ring bitthng qua b bin i cng sut ton phnbn pha my pht.

H thng pht in dng nng lnggi iu khin theo phng thc VSCF vimy pht in loi DDPMSG c u im lthc hin thu c nng lng gi ln nht,

phm vi vn h

nh tc quay ln, l

m victin cy, iu khin n gin, iu chnh linhhot cng sut hu cng v cng sut vcng (Wang Xing Hua, 2007). Hin nay xuhng s dng my pht DDPMSG trong hthng pht in dng nng lng gi angrt pht trin.


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Hnh 4. H thng pht in gi dng my pht in d b lng sciu khin theo phng thc tc khng i - tn s khng i

Hnh 5. H thng pht in gi dng my pht in cm ng DFIG

iu khin theo phng thc tc thay i - tn s khng i

Tuabin

giHng gi

MFng bttrng vnh cu

Bbin icng sut

My

bin p

Mng in

Hnh 6. H thng pht in gi dng my pht in ng b t trng vnh cutruyn ng trc tip iu khin theo phng thc tc thay i - tn s khng i


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3.2. K thut iu khin vn hnh

Vn hnh my pht DDPMSG c chialm hai giai on: giai on vn hnh phtcng sut cc i vgiai on vn hnh cngsut pht nh mc (Hnh 7).

Hnh 7. ng cong th hinhai giai on vn hnhca h thng pht in gi

Trong qu trnh t khi tuabin gi khing n khi t tc nh mc nN th gct cnh ca cnh qut bnh gi c gi cnh khng thay i mc d c s thay ica tc gi, thng qua iu khin cng sutpht ca my bin tn iu khin m menquay ca my pht, t iu chnh tc quay bnh gi duy tr t sut truyn lc

ca cnh qut bnh gi ltt nht, thc hinvic bm st ng cong cng sut cc i thu c phong nng ln nht.

Khi tuabin gi vn hnh tc nhmc, h thng iu chnh gc t cnh cacnh qut ca bnh gi bt u lm vic, thchin iu chnh kh nng thu nng lng gica bnh gi, gim thiu kh nng hp thphong nng ca bnh gi khi tc gi lnnhm duy tr tc quay ca bnh gi khngthay i, gi cho cng sut pht ca tuabin

gi n nh gi tr nh mc, phng ngatuabin gi c tc vcng sut vt qu giihn, gy ln s c cho h thng.

3.3. K thut iu khin ha li

Khi h thng pht in dng nng lnggi ha vo li in, cng sut hu cng v

v cng khi nhp vo li s nh hng ntrng thi ng v tnh ca h thng li,gy ln sng xung kch vdao ng in p;tn hao cng sut hu cng ca li in dos ng nhp ca h thng pht in gicng b thay i, s thay i ny ph thucvo kt cu li in, v tr ng nhp vdung lng ca my pht in gi, v.vNgoi ra, khi ng ct cc thit b in lc,in t s dn n in p nt b gim, sinhra lng sng hi ln; vi t my pht ingi dung lng ln khi ngt khi li cngto ra sng xung kch. Nhvy vi h thngiu khin v thit b bo v cn hn chc qu p vtn sut sng dao ng, cnvi s c thong qua th t my pht in giphi c kh nng t iu chnh n nh.

Trong h thng pht in, my phtDDPMSG c ni vi li in thng quab my bin tn, tn s bn my pht vtns bn li in c lp nhau, do khngtn ti dng xung kch vm men xung kchkhi ha li, cng nhvn mt ng bsau ha li. B bin i nghch khng chiu chnh in p vtn s khi ha li, mcn c th iu chnh cng sut hu cng,y lmt phng thc ha mng n nh.

i vi my bin tn, trc khi ha li

phi tha mn iu kin, mc tiu ha li.Sau khi ha li, in p ra ca b bin iphi lun ph hp vi s thay i ca inp li in tn s cng nghip. t mctiu iu khin thu c phong nng lnnht, thng qua iu khin cng sut phtca b bin i nghch iu khin m menquay ca tuabin gi, tin ti iu khin tc quay ca bnh gi, ng thi c th iuchnh h s cng sut ca li in h thng.

4. Phn tch kinh tGi thnh pht in l mt nhn t

quan trng cn c quan tm trong qutrnh pht trin h thng pht in dngnng lng gi. Hin nay gi thnh phtin t gi vn tng i cao, sut u t


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ln. Theo L Ho v cs. (2003), gi thnhthit k lp t nhmy pht in gi hinnay trn th gii khong 800 Euro/1 kW, cn Trung Quc khong 900 Euro/1 kW, chi phny t hn so vi pht in t than khong2,5 ~ 3 ln. Nhng cng theo cc tc gi nyth chi ph lp t pht in t mt s ngunnng lng ti to khc cng rt cao, nhpht in t vi sinh cng cao hn pht int than khong 2,5 ~ 3 ln, cn t nnglng mt tri th t hn pht in t thankhong 11 ~ 18 ln. Nhvy c th thy nuso snh pht in dng nng lng gi vicc ngun nng lng mi vti to th vnc li th. Mt khc, pht in t gi cnem li nhiu li ch khc nhkhng gy nhim mi trng, ngun nng lng phong

ph, khng tiu tn nhin liu, v tr lp tthun tin v.v s lnhng ng lc khngnh pht trin vic pht in dng nnglng gi.

Mc d gi thnh pht in dng nnglng gi c quyt nh bi nhiu yu t,nhng cng vi s pht trin ca k thut,dung lng my n tng ln, tnh tin cyca t my c nng cao th gi thnh phtin t gi cng gim i (Hnh 8). Theo ktqu d bo gi thnh vtng dung lng lp

t trn ton th gii n nm 2020 th chiph lp t 1 kW ca nhmy phong in sgim i ng k.

Nu so snh h thng phong in dngmy pht in DDPMSG vi h thng dngmy pht DFIG th h thng dng myDDPMSG loi b c chi ph tng icao ca hp s, nhng do b bin i cngsut phi p ng ton b cng sut phtca my pht in do ch ph cho b bini cng sut ny cao hn so vi h thngdng my DFIG. Theo kt qu so snh kinht t my pht in dng nng lng gicng sut 3 MW khi dng my phtDDPMSG s c li hn so vi dng my phtDFIG (Henk v cs., 2006): tng in nngpht ra trong nm l8040 MWh so vi 7730

MWh khi dng my DFIG; tng hao tntrong nm l513 MWh so vi 763 MWh khidng DFIG. c bit hin nay k thut inlc, in t pht trin vi tc rt nhanhnn gi thnh b bin i cng sut tonphn trong h thng phong in pht indng my DDPMSG s ngy cng gim, lmgim gi thnh lp t my, iu ny cngkhch l s pht trin h thng my phtin gi dng my pht DDPMSG trongtng lai.

Hnh 8. D bo gi thnh vtng dung lng lp t h thng pht in gitrn th gii n nm 2020


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nc ta vi kh hu nhit i gi ma,b bin di trn 3000 km, liu kin thunli pht trin in gi. Theo T Vn a(2007), trn hi o, cc v tr st bin vtrn cc ni cao th tim nng nng lng

gi l

t

ng i ln, tng nng l

ng gitrong nm u ln hn 500 kWh/m2. Cntheo kt qu iu tra, nh gi ca Ngnhng Th gii v tim nng nng lng gi

bn nc ng Nam l Thi Lan, Lo,Campuchia v Vit Nam thVit Nam ctim nng nng lng gi ln nht (WB,2001): tng cng sut c t 513.360 MWv8,6% din tch lnh th c nh gi ltt vrt tt xy dng cc trm in gic ln, tp trung. Nu xt theo tiu chun

xy dng cc trm in gi c nh phc vcho pht trin kinh t nhng khu vc khkhn th Vit Nam c 41% din tch nngthn c th pht trin in gi loi nh.

Mt s vng ca nc ta rt thun li xy dng cc trm in gi ln l BnhThun, Ninh Thun, khu vc Ty Nguyn,dy ni Hong Lin Sn. Cc vng nykhng nhng c tc gi trung bnh ln mcn c s lng cc cn bo t, gi n nh.Hai vng Sn Hi (Ninh Thun) vMi N(Bnh Thun) c t l gi Nam vng Namln n 98%, vi vn tc trung bnh 6 - 7 m/s,tc lvn tc c th xy dng cc trm ingi cng sut 3 - 3,5 MW (WB, 2001). Ngoira, cc vng o ngoi khi nhBch LongV, o Ph Qu, Trng Sa... lnhng aim gi c vn tc trung bnh cao, timnng nng lng gi tt, c th xy dng cctrm pht in gi cng sut ln cung cpnng lng in cho dn c trn o. Bncnh thun li ny, Vit Nam l nc phttrin sau v in gi nn c th hc hi c

cc kinh nghim ca nhng nc i trc rtthnh cng trong vic s dng nng lnggi pht in nhM, c, Trung Quc...v cn c tip cn vi nhng cng nghmi, hin i nhm gim gi thnh u tcng nh nng cao c cht lng in

nng. Vi nhng thun li ny, vic s dngnng lng gi pht in ni chung vhthng pht in gi dng my pht DDPMSGni ring nc ta c nhiu trin vng phttrin, gp phn khc phc tnh trng thiuin, thc y s pht trin kinh t x hica t nc.

5. KT LUNT my pht in dng nng lng gi

vi loi my pht DDPMSG c u im vttri hn so vi dng cc loi my pht inkhc nh: hiu sut cao; vn hnh tin cy;ting n khi lm vic nh; iu khin ngin; iu khin pht cng sut hu cng vv cng linh hot, v.v

Cng vi s pht trin ca cng nghch to vt liu t vca k thut in lc,in t th gi thnh ch to roto nam chmvnh cu ca my pht in v b bin icng sut ca t my phong in s ngycng gim, tng gi thnh lp t ca hthng phong in ngy cng c ci thin.Chnh v vy, vic s dng my pht inng b t trng vnh cu truyn ng trctip trong h thng pht in gi ngy cngc coi trng.

Hin nay cc nc pht trin, lnh vcng dng my pht in DDPMSG trong hthng pht in t nng lng gi ctin hnh nghin cu khng t, nhng vncn nhiu vn k thut cha gii quyttrit , cn tip tc i su nghin cu.

Trong lnh vc ch to, cn nghin cu xut kt cu stato v roto loi hnh mi,phi hp u ha s cc v s rnh; ch tomy pht in p cao; my pht in gicng sut ln; nng cao cht lng vgim

gi thnh h thng pht in gi.Trong lnh vc iu khin vvn hnh,

cn ci thin s mch iu khin bin tncng sut ln; nng cao hiu sut chuyni nng lng; lm gim nh hng casng hi.


10/10


707

Ti liu tham kho

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T Vn a (2006). nh gi ti nguyn vkh nng khai thc nng lng gi trnlnh th Vit Nam. Tuyn tp bo coHi tho khoa hc ln th 10 - Vin Khoahc Kh tng thu vn v Mi trng,tr. 55 -62.

Dubois M R, H Polinder, J A Fereira (2002).

Comparison of generator topologies fordirect-drive wind turbines. IEEE NordicWorkshop on Power and IndustrialElectronics, 13(16), p. 22-26.

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Eduard M, C P Butterfield, Wan Yih-huie(1999). Axial-flux modular permanentgenerator with a toroidal winding for wind

turbine applications. IEEE Trans onIndustry Application, 35(4), p. 831-836.

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Hwang Don-Ha, Ki-Chang Lee, Do-HyunKang (2004). An modular-type axial-fluxpermanent magnet synchronous generatorfor gearless wind power systems. IEEEIndustrial Electronics Society, No2, p.

1396 -1399.Khan M A, I Dosiek , P Pillay (2006). Designand analysis of a PM wind generatorwith a soft magnetic composite core. IEEE

International Symposium on IndustrialElectronics, No3, p. 2522-2527.

Polinder H, B C Mecrow, A G Jack (2005).Conventional and TFPM linear generatorfor direct-drive wave energy conversion.IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,p. 260-267.

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