Nghiên Cứu Sản Xuất Nước Uống Đóng Chai Từ Hoa Atiso – Lá Lạc Tiên Tây

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M U

1. Tnh cp thit ca ti

Vi s bin i ca kh hu nh hin nay th nhit trung bnh ca cc nc

bt u tng. Vit Nam l mt nc c kh hu nhit i nn thi tit s tr nn

cng nng nng hn, nhu cu s dng nc gii kht s ngy cng gia tng. Ngoi

ra vi s tin b ca khoa hc k thut i sng vt cht con ngi ngy cng tng

cao, con ngi ngy cng quan tm n sc khe. Vic ung nc khng ch mc

ch gii kht m ngi tiu dng cn mun n l mt sn phm c li cho sc

khe. Tr tho dc ra i p ng c iu .

Mi loi tho mc s c nhng tc dng khc nhau i vi sc khe. Hu nh

cc loi tho mc nu s dng hp l chng s mang li rt nhiu tc dng tch cc

cho sc khe, Atiso, Lc tin ty l mt trong nhng loi tho mc . Atiso

c s dng nh vi nhiu tc dng nh gii c gan, li tiu, kch thch tiu ha,

nga ung th, gim cholesterol, p dac rt nhiu ngi tiu dng la chn.

Cn Lc tin ty hay gi l chanh dy c s dng nh mt loi tho dc lm an

thn v iu tr chng mt ng, ngoi ra cn c tc dng li tiu, l c tc dng lm

mau lnh vt thng. Ti nc ta hin nay din tch trng hai loi tho dc ny rt

ln, sn phm nc ung t Atiso cha ln p ng nhu cu trn th trng,

cn Lc tin ty c tri v l u c nhng tc dng tt vi sc khe, tuy nhin ti

nc ta hu nh ch c cc sn t tri Lc tin ty cn l th hu nh t s dng.

V nhng l do trn ti chn ti: Nghin cu sn xut nc ung ng

chai t hoa Atiso l Lc tin ty. S kt hp hai loi tho mc ny s cho ra

mt sn phm rt tt cho sc khe, khng nhng c tc dng lm p, mt gan m

cn an thn, mang li cm gic thoi mi, d ng. Nc ung ny rt ph hp vi

cuc sng phi tip xc vi nhiu thc phm c tnh nng nh ru, bia, n cay;

cng vic nhiu cng thng, mt mi nh ngy nay. Ngoi ra nng cao c gi tr

s dng ca l chanh dy, a dng ha sn phm trn th trng.

2. Mc ch ca ti

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Xc nh cc thng s thch hp ti mi cng on hon thin c quy

trnh sn xut nc ung t Atiso v Lc tin ty, to ra sn phm v sinh, an ton

thc phm.

3. ngha ca ti

ngha khoa hc

To thm ti liu tham kho v qu trnh sn xut nc ung t loi tho mc

Atiso v Lc tin ty cho nhng ngi nghin cu, sn xut trong lnh vc thc

phm.

ngha thc tin

- To ra c mt loi sn phm mi trn th trng, a dng ha sn phm

nc ung ng chai. Ngi tiu dng c nhiu s la chn sn phm c li cho

sc khe hn.

- Nng cao gi tr s dng Atiso, l Lc tin ty gip ngi nng dn nng cao

c thu nhp, ci thin i sng.

4. Ni dung nghin cu

- Xc nh hm lng khong, tro trong nguyn liu.

- Xy dng quy trnh, b tr cc th nghim xc nh c cc thng s thch

hp cho cc cng on trong quy trnh.

- Sn xut sn phm theo quy trnh tm c, nh gi cht lng sn phm.

- S b tnh gi thnh sn phm.

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Chng 1. TNG QUAN

1.1. Tng quan v tr tho mc

1.1.1. Gii thiu chung v tr tho mc

a. Ngun gc, tnh hnh tiu th tr tho dc ti Vit Nam v trn th gii [7],

[8]

Bn cnh cc sn phm t tr (ch) c s dng lu i th hin nay ti

nc ta v th gii xut hin mt dng sn phm mi gi l tr tho mc. T xa

con ngi bit s dng cc loi tho mc lm thuc hay lm thc n, hoc c

th ch bin thnh cc loi nc ung bng phng php th cng. Hin nay cc

sn phm tr tho mc sn xut trn quy m cng nghip c s dng rng ri.

Tr tho mc l loi tr c ch bin t l, hoa, qu hay r cy t thin nhin.

Chng c rt nhiu tc dng tt cho sc khe nh ch nhiu polyphenol mt cht

chng oxi ha, phng nga cc bnh ung th v nhiu hp cht c li khc.

Nc ung t tho mc khng xa l vi ngi tiu dng cc nc nh M, ,

Ty Ban Nha, H Lan, Php, Anh v B...Nhng ti Vit Nam chng ch thc s

bng n vo nm 2009 vi sn phm tr tho mc Dr Thanh ca cng ty Tn Hip

Pht. Trn th trng hin nay cc sn phm t tho mc rt a dng vi s tham

gia ca nhiu nh sn xut khc nhau.

Trung bnh mi nm, mt ngi Vit Nam ch ung khong 3 lt nc gii

kht ng chai khng cn, trong khi mc bnh qun ca ngi Philippines l 50 lt

mt nm. y l c hi rt ln cho cc doanh nghip trong nc.

V theo s liu kho st thng 5.2011 ca Cng ty Nielsen, doanh s ca

ngnh hng tr ung lin chim 30,5%, cao nht trn tng th trng nc gii kht

ti Vit Nam. Hn 50% ngi tiu dng thnh ph ang chuyn dn sang cc loi

nc t nhin, t ngt trong khi sn phm nc c gas ang dn bo haKho st

th trng hng nm ti nc ta cho thy, nc ung khng gas tng khong trn

10%, trong khi nc c gas gim khong 5%.

Ti nc ta b cng thng cng c quyt nh 2435/Q-BCT v quy

hoch pht trin ru-bia- nc gii kht n nm 2015, tm nhn n 2025. Trong

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mc tiu giai on 2011 2015: n 2015 sn lng nc gii kht t 4 t lt.

Giai on 2015 2025: n 2025 sn lng nc gii kht t 11 t lt.

b. Li ch ca vic ung tr tho mc [9]

Tr tho mc khng ch l mt loi nc ung thng thc m cn c rt

nhiu li ch cho sc khe nh:

+ Nga ung th, gip ngn chn qu trnh lo ha, bo v t bo ca c th

nh trong tr tho mc c cha hp cht polyphenol v flavonoid.

+ Gip cho qu trnh trao i cht c tng cng, khng cha calo: Mt

trong nhng nguyn ngn gy nn bo ph l do cc cht trong c th khng c

chuyn ha tt, d tha calo trong c th. Tr tho mc s gip cho c th trao i

cht tt hn, ch cn ung mi ngy 5 tch tr th c th t chy 70-80 calo.

+ Ung tr tho mc c th gip gim nguy c t qu v au tim: Mt

nghin cu 5, 6 nm ca H Lan nhn thy nu chng ta ung 2-3 tch tr en mi

ngy th nguy c mc cn au tim t t thp hn ngi khng ung tr ti 70%.

Ung tr c th gi cho cc huyt mch trn mt v khng b nghn.

+ Bo v h min dch: Mt cuc th nghim trn 21 ngi tnh nguyn

ung 5 tch tr mi ngy trong 4 tun, ngi ta nhn thy rng hot ng ca h

min dch trong mu ca ngi ung tr cao hn

+ Gip rng chc khe: C mt s kin cho rng ung tr lm cho rng

xu, l v khi ung tr m b thm ng. Cn tht ra khi ung tr khng ng

bn s c hm rng chc khe do trong tr c cha tanin v fluoride c th lm rng

st li gn nhau. Ngoi ra ung tr cn gip xng cng cp, vng chc hn.

c. Ung tr tho mc an ton [10], [11]

Tr tho mc gip tm li s qun bnh c th, sc khe v v p. Tuy nhin

khng nn vt qu liu lng v khi c th gy ra nhng tc hi cho c th.

Theo dc s Phm Th Lin, Ph khoa Dc bnh vin y hc c truyn thnh

ph H Ch Minh cho bit: nhn chung ng y khng k nhau nn c th dng 2, 3

loi tr cha bnh. Tuy nhin mi loi tr nga, cha bnh khc nhau nn ngi

dng nu ch gii kht khng sao. Nhng dng vi liu lng cha bnh cn lu

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. Nu dng tr cha bnh khc nhau th bnh nhn cn n khm cc bnh

vin hoc phng mch ng y c bt mch chun on bnh trc khi ung

tr tho mc cha bnh, dng ba bi c th gy ra bnh.

Khi b cao huyt p nu mua tr cha cao huyt p ung vo thi gian di s b

h huyt p, rt nguy him. Ni nhiu mn c th do nng gan hoc suy gan nhng

nu t ung tr nhun trng c th lm suy gan nng thm.

Ung tr xanh vo bui ti s gy mt ng, tiu m, hoc n thc phm cha

nhiu protein s khng tt. Khi dng tr tho mc cn chn sn phm ca nhng

nh sn xut uy tn, trn bao b c ghi r thnh phn, khi lng, s ng k

Vi ph n mang thai ung tr gng s lng nh vo bui sng c th gim

bun nn. Tuy nhin hot cht gingerol trong gng c th gy mng mch mu nn

dng lu s khng tt. Cc loi tr ni chung u cha cafein, cht ny c kh nng

i qua nhau thai, vo ti thai nhi v nh hng ti em b trong bng nn cc b m

mang thai phi c bit ch . Bc s khuyn rng thai ph s dng cng t cafein

th cng tt cho sc khe v bn thn em b, thai ph khng nht thit phi trnh

ung tr m l s dng hp l cc loi tr hng ngy, khng nn ung nhiu hn 2-3

tch tr mt ngy.

1.1.2. Gii thiu mt s tr tho mc trn th trng [2], [12]

Trn th trng c rt nhiu loi tr tho mc dng ng chai, ti lc

Mt s loi tr tho mc ph bin:

+ Tr kh qua:

Tn ting anh: Gohyah tea ( Bitter grourd, Captain tea, Bitter melon tea)

Thnh phn: 100% kh qua

Cng dng: B mt, nhun gan, li tiu.

+ Tr thanh nhit:

Tn ting anh: The reshment tea

Thnh phn: T tho mc t nhin nh ch, l cam tho, hoa he, tho quyt

minh.

Cng dng: Gii kht, gii nhit, b mu, gim au u, gim huyt p.

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+ Tr Atiso:

Tn ting anh: Atiso tea bag.

Thnh phn: Thn, r, hoa, l Atiso.

Cng dng: Mt gan, thng mt, li tiu, tng bi tit mt, mn da mt.

+ Tr rong bin:

Tn ting anh: Seaweed tea.

Thnh phn: Rong bin, ch en.

Cng dng: Lm mt c th, loi tr nhit d tha, gii cm, tr bnh bu c.

+ Tr tri nhu:

Tn ting anh: Nonitea bag.

Thnh phn: c ch bin t tri nhu v c ngt.

Cng dng: Dng cho ngi b si thn, cao huyt p, tiu ng, ho cm.

c bit tr bnh au lng, thp khp, nhun trng.

+ Tr hoa cc:

Mi thm nh gip c th gii nhit, gip gii qung thm mt.

+ Tr l cy tm ma:

Cng dng: Gip bi b c th v trong thnh phn c nhiu vitamin v cht

khong c bit l cht st gip gim cc bnh d ng.

+ Tr l mm xi

Cng dng: L mm xi c tc dng lm sch nn rt hu hiu trong vic

lm sch ming, l nc sc ming tr chng vim hng.

Khng nn dng loi tr ny trong sut thi gian u khi mang thai.

+ Tr hng tho:

Ung khi bt u mt ngy mi hay khi nng lng c th thp v tr hng

tho c tc dng hu hiu gip tng cng nng lng cho c th, rt hiu qu

trong vic gim au u v chng kh tiu.

+ Tr hoa tm xun:

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Giu vitamin C nn rt hu hiu vi ngi b cm lnh, cm cm, thm t

nc ct chanh vo tr c tc dng ti u.

+ Tr hoa dm bt:

Tc dng li tiu, h huyt p cho nhng ngi c huyt p cao.

1.2. Tng quan v Atiso

1.2.1. Gii thiu chung [13]

- Tn ting anh: Artichoke

- Tn khoa hc: Cynara Scolymus L

- Tn thng dng: Atiso,

tn gi ca n l s phin m sang

ting Vit ca t ting Php artichaut.

c im: Hnh 1.1. Cy v hoa Atiso

Atiso l cy tho ln, cao 1-1,2m, c th n 2m, l di 50-80cm. Thn ngn,

thng v cng, c kha dc, ph lng trng nh bng. L to, di, mc so le; phin

l x thy su v c rng khng u, mt trn xanh lc mt di c lng trng,

cung l to v ngn.

Cm hoa hnh u, to, mc ngn, mu tm hoc tm l nht, l ngoi ca

cm hoa rng, dy v nhn, cm hoa ph y lng t, mang ton hoa hnh

ng. Qu nhn bng, mu nu sm c mo lng trng, ht khng c ni nh. Atiso

thch hp trng iu kin kh hu n i, t trng m, gi c nc.

Ngun gc:

Cy c ngun gc t min Nam chu u (c trng quanh a Trung Hi)

c ngi C Hy Lp v C La M trng ly hoa lm rau n. T Atis xut

hin trong cc ti liu ting Php t nm 1530. Ngy nay, Atiso c trng ch yu

Php, , Ty Ban Nha, M, cc nc M Latinh v l quc gia trng Atis

hng u th gii, mc thu hoch hn 750 ngn tn/nm. Atiso c ngi Php

a vo Vit Nam u th k 20, hin nay trng Sa Pa, Tam o, Ngh An, Hi

Dng v nhiu nht l Lt. Ti y t ai, kh hu, thi tit, cao rt

thch hp cho loi cy ny. Trn cao 1200m cy Atiso tr hoa, cn di 1200m

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cy tng trng c nhng khng tr hoa. Vng trng nhiu Atis Lt l

Thi Phin v So Nam.

Atiso trng ti Lt trc y gm 2 chng Gros Vert de Laon (Actichaut

Parisen) v Violet Htif du Midi. T nm 1989 tr li y c nhiu ging Atiso t

nc ngoi nhp vo, c loi cho nng sut l cao nhng hoa li nh. Atiso c th

trng bng ht nhng ngi ta thng trng bng mm tch t gc ca cy m.

Trc ngy gii phng nm 1975, ngi dn Lt trng Atiso ch yu ly hoa

lm thc phm. Ngi ta dng cm hoa (l bc v hoa) hm vi tht lm canh n.

Sau ngy gii phng, trng Atiso ly l ti bn cho cc X nghip Dc lm

thuc, cn l, hoa, thn, r phi kh ch bin lm tr ung.

Gieo trng v thu hi:

C 2 cch trng Atiso l gieo ht (tin hnh khong thng 10-11) hoc tch

cy non t cy m (khong thng 1-2), cy tr n khong 90-100 ngy sau khi

trng.

Tt c cc b phn ca Atiso u c thu hi v s dng nh mt loi dc

liu. L c thu hi trc khi cy ra hoa v khi tr hoa hm lng hot cht s

gim i, hoa thu hoch mun n s b cng nh g nn thu hoch trc khi l ca

n hoa m.

1.2.2. Thnh phn ha hc [13]

Hot cht chnh ca Atiso l Cynarin (acid 1 - 4 Dicafein Quinic). Ngoi ra

cn c Inulin, tanin, cc mui kim loi K ( vi t l rt cao), Ca, Mg, Natri

C th l Atis cha:

- Acid hu c gm acid phenol: Cynarin v cc sn phm ca s thy phn

(acid Cafeic, acid Clorogenic, acid Neoclorogenic), acid alcol, acid succinic.

- Hp cht flavonoid (dn cht ca Luteolin), bao gm:

+ Cynarozid (Luteolin -7-D Glucpyranozid),

+ Scolymozid (Luteolin -7- Rutinozid - 3- Glucozid).

- Thnh phn khc nh Cynaopicrin l cht c v ng, thuc nhm

guaianolid.

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L cha nhiu hot cht nht: 1,23% Polyphenol, Clorogenic acid 4%, hp

cht Flavonoid (c bit l Rutin), sau n thn (0,75%), r (0,54%). Dn cht

Caffeic nh Clonogenic acid, Neoclorogenic acid, Cyptoclorogenic acid, Cynarin.

Sesquiterpen lacton: Cynarpicrin, Dehydrocynaropicrin, Grossheimin, Cynatriol.

Hot cht trong phin l cao gp 10 ln trong cung l.

L non cha nhiu hot cht (0,84%) hn l mc thnh hnh hoa th mt t

(0,38). Nu sy nhit cao th l mau kh nhng li mau mt hot cht. nhit

thp, vic lm kh s lu hn. L cn c n nh trc ri mi chuyn thnh

dng bo ch.

Ngn c hoa cha Inulin, Protein (3,6%), du bo (0,1%), Carbon Hydrat

(16%), cht v c (1,8%0, Ca (0,12%), P (0,10%), Fe (2,3mg/100g), Caroten (60

Unit/100g tnh ra Vitamin A).

Thn v l cn cha mui hu c ca cc kim loi K, Ca, Mg, Na, hm lng

Kali rt cao.

R: hu nh khng c dn cht ca Cafeic acid, bao gm c Clorogenic acid

v Sesquiterpen lacton. R ch u thng tiu ch khng c tc dng tng tit mt.

1.2.3. Tc dng [11]

+ i vi hoa:

Hoa nu chn c tc dng b dng tng lc, kch thch tiu ha lm ngon

ming, li gan mt, tr tim, li tiu, chng c, tng tit sa cho sn ph (khi hm

vi chn gi). Ngoi ra c dng trong ch n king ca ngi bnh i tho

nht v n ch cha lng nh tinh bt, phn carbon hydrat gm phn ln l Inulin.

Trong ng y, hoa Atis dng trong cc trng hp au gan, au d dy, n ung

khng tiu, sn ph t sa, tiu ng thng phong, thp khp, suy nhc c th

+ i vi l: C v ng, tc dng li tiu v c dng trong iu tr bnh

ph v thp khp.

L ti hoc kh sc hoc nu thnh cao cha bnh v gan (gan vim mn, da

vng), thn vim cp v mn, sng khp xng. Thuc c tc dng nhun trng

v lc mu nh i vi tr em.

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+ Thn v r Atis thi mng, phi kh, cng dng ging l.

Cc cht trong Atiso cn gip ngn nga v iu tr bnh ung th nh loi b

cc t bo t bo cht ra khi m m khng nh hng ti cc t bo khc. Ngoi ra

cn hn ch s ny n ca t bo thnh nhiu dng ung th khc nhau nh ung th

tuyn tin lit, bnh bch cu v ung th v. Tng cholesterol tt v h thp

cholesterol xu. Tt cho ngi tiu ng v c tc dng n nh lng ng trong

mu.

1.2.4. Tnh hnh s dng [14]

+ S dng lm thc phm:

S dng lm thc n: Hoa Atiso c ra sch, ch dc thnh 6-8 ming, luc

chn, nu canh, hm xng heo xng b, chn gi hoc xo vi nm. Hoa Atiso

c dng nh mt loi rau cao cp, khi n chm vi nc st hoc vi mui tiu

chanh rt ngon, d tiu ha, dng tr au gan, gim au d dy, rt cn cho nhng

bnh nhn i tho ng. Chi hoc cng l non thng hm vi xng b hoc

tht ln lm xp. Mt s nc dng Atiso nu vi cc loi ht u, khoai ty,

lcthnh mn salad gi l pasta salad c tc dng tt cho tim hoc hm vi hnh,

ti v cc gia v khc nhm tng sc khng.

Hoa Atiso ti hoc cc b phn ca Atiso phi kh nu nc ung. Hin nay

trn th trng cc sn phm t Atiso rt a dng nh tr ti lc, tr ha tan, nc

ung ng chai

+ S dng lm dc phm:

Hin nay ngnh y t sn xut Atiso thnh nhng vin nan, dung dch thuc

ng ng, ng chai hoc cao lng, cao mml loi thuc c tc dng nhun gan,

mt, li tiu, cha mt s bnh lin quan gan, mt nh vim gan, thiu nng gan, x

gan

1.2.5. Nhng nghin cu trong v ngoi nc

a. Nhng nghin cu ngoi nc [2], [15]

Atiso l cy va lm thuc va l thc n t th k th 4 trc cng nguyn.

Thi Ai Cp v La M c i, Atiso c dng gip cho vic tiu ha tt, li

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tiu. Th k th XVI c tnh cha tr ca Atiso c chng minh cho gan v bnh

vng da. Cy Atiso c trng Php khong th k XV. Vo nm 1850, bc s

ngi Php thnh cng trong vic iu tr mt ngi nam tr m yu b vng da

bng cch dng cht chit t l Atiso trong vng mt thng. iu ny gy mt s

ch v c tnh t cht chit t l. c, cht chit t l c bit n t th k

XVII nhng mi n th k XX n mi bit n nh l mt mn n v mt dc

liu y tim nng.

Vic nghin cu u tin cht chit t l v quan h v bnh gan c ch

o t nm 1930 v c nhng kh quan. Nm 1954, Cynarin mt trong nhng cht

dc l thit yu l c tng hp rng ri. T nm 1990 nghin cu nhiu

hn na v iu tr c ghi vo ti liu. T thi gian ny, nhiu khm ph v

iu tr xut sc c ghi nhn chng ta c mt khm ph cc thnh phn hot

ng ch yu trong cy Atiso v hiu bit hn v dc tnh trong c th con ngi.

Mc thi gian nghin cu tc dng cha bnh ca cc hp cht ha hc trong

Atiso hot tnh sinh hc (dc tnh) ni tip nhau t nhng nm 1930 n nay:

- 1930: Trch ly c Cynarin t l Atiso.

- 1966: Nghin cu v tc dng bo v gan v mt, cha cc bnh v tiu

ha v tc dng cha c.

- 1977: Nghin cu nh hng ca Cynarin n nhng bnh nhn type II

(hyperlipoprotein).

- 1980: Cc nh khoa hc Ai Cp thuc trung tm nghin cu quc gia s

dng cc cht c trong Atiso cha bnh v ng tiu ha.

- 1987: Camarasa v Adzet nghin cu tc dng bo v gan ca cc cht

thuc polyphenolic: Cynarin, Chlorogeni axit, Luteolin- 7- glycoside v axit hu c

caffeic axit v quinic axit khng li c cht c CCl4 v cht ny c tch ra

khi gan.

- 1989: Cc nh khoa hc Hinou J; Harvala C; Philianoss tin hnh tch

cc cht c trong l Atiso: Apigenin, Luteolin, Luteolin-4-glycoside, Cynaroside,

- 12 -

Scolimoside, Chlorogenic axit , caffeic axit (cc nhm cht ny c kh nng bo v

gan).

- 1991: C cc nghin cu v kh nng chng li nc c ca rn v s vim

nhim.

- 1999: Nghin cu tp trung vo bnh vim ti mt.

- 2000: C cc nghin cu v tc dng bo v gan, cha bnh mu trng, cao

huyt p, bnh tim, cao cholesterol.

- 2001: Cc nh khoa hc nghin cu cc cht trch ly trong l Atiso c kh

nng lm gim cc bnh lin quan n ng rut.

- 2002: Cc nh khoa hc thuc tp on Phitomedicine tip tc nghin cu

v kh nng tr bnh Atiso i vi nhng bnh nhn vim d dy, vim rut (chng

li chng kh tiu).

- 2003: Tp on Pharmacol nghin cu v kh nng chng oxy ho v

chng cc bnh thoi ha khp ca cc cht c trong Atiso, cy ngh, ti; cc cht

c cho l nhm hp cht polyphenol ca Atiso, Curumin trong ngh v

vitamin E trong ti.

- 2004: Th nghim v mt s kh nng khng mt s loi vi sinh vt. Trong

nghin cu th Atiso c trch ly bi 3 dung mi: Chloroform, Ethyacetate v n-

butanol, cc cht c trch ly bi dung mi n- butanol l hiu qu nht (8 hp cht

phenolic) chng c hot tnh khng li 7 loi vi khun, 4 loi nm men v 4 loi

nm mc. Mt s cht c hot tnh mnh nh: Cynarin, Chlorogenic axit, cc cht

ny c tc dng chng li cc loi nm tt hn l khng khun.

- 2005: Nghin cu v kh nng iu chnh nng cc hp cht Cynarin,

axit quinic v flavonoid ca Atiso trong c th con ngi.

- Cc nghin cu mi v Atiso v kh nng chng li virut HIV v cc bnh

khc.

b. Nhng nghin cu trong nc [2], [16], [17], [18]

Atiso du nhp vo nc ta t u th k XX, c s dng nh mt loi thc

phm b dng. Nhng Atiso v cc sn phm Atiso ch thc s c ngi tiu

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dng trong, ngoi nc chnh thc tha nhn v c s dng rng ri trong mi

gia nh khi c ch bin di dng tr ti lc v tr ha tan. Khong nhng nm

1990 cng ty trch nhim hu hn tr Atiso Ngc Duy ti Lt l n v u tin

ti Vit Nam sn xut ra sn phm ny.

Hin nay ti cc x nghip lin hip dc phm Lm ng sn xut ra

nhiu mt hng c gi tr t Atiso nh cao lng, cao mm, vin bao Cynaranphytol,

phn hoa Atiso y chnh l nhng mt hng c bit ca ring tnh Lm ng

phc v cho ng bo c nc trong vic tr bnh. Lm ng cn sn xut cao l

ti v trch ly Cynarin xut sang Php em li ngoi t cho tnh.

T nm 2001, cy Atiso c a vo chng trnh khoa hc cng ngh

trng im cp nh nc giai on 2001-2005, nhm xy dng quy trnh trng,

nhn ging v ch bin Atiso to ra sn phm cao cp cho th trng trong nc v

xut khu.

Sau ba nm kho nghim v a vo thc t x nghip lin hip dc phm

Lm ng cng vin Dc Liu ch bin t yu cu sch i vi 5 loi cy

thuc: ng quy, bch ch, ngu tt, Atiso v hoa cc. Ch phm t nhng dc

liu sch trn c mt trn th trng vi nhng ci tn quen thuc nh vin

Boganic, tr nhun gan li mt, hot huyt dng no, vin sng mt

T cc sn phm sch Atiso sapa, bch ch, cc hoa cng ty nghin cu ch

bin thnh cng sn phm sch l l Atiso, cao c Atiso, cao kh Atiso, bch ch,

cc hoa. Khi c mang i kim nghim cc nghin cu trn u t ch tiu chung

ca Dc in Vit Nam III v t tiu chun ch tiu thuc bo v thc vt, hm

lng kim loi nng m tiu chun nh gi tam tht sch ca Chu Vn Sn- Vn

Nam- Trung Quc ngh a vo. Khi kim tra an ton LD50 (liu gy cht

50% sc vt th nghim) ca cc mu nghin cu, kt qu cho thy vi liu lng

thng thng s dng cho ngi cc mu th trn u rt an ton.

Cng vi vic nghin cu cc ch bin, kim tra cc ch tiu dc liu sch,

ch tiu v an ton th cng ty CP Traphaco nghin cu tm ra phng php

bo qun ph hp i vi cc hoa, Atiso v bch ch. Cng vi phng php xng

- 14 -

sinh truyn thng, h tm ra hm lng ph hp cho tng loi cy khng li

lng tn d lu hunh trong dc liu, khin cho cht lng dc phm c m

bo.

Song song vi nhng hot ng trn, Traphaco cng tin hnh kho st quy

hoch vng trng thuc vi nhng yu t th nhng, kh hu, sinh thi, phng

php thu hi. Cc cuc kho st c tin hnh Vnh Phc, H Ty, Lo Cai, Yn

Bi, Lm ng nhm m bo hiu qu, m bo cc ch tiu sch ca dc liu.

T 2006-2008: ti Xy dng cng ngh trch ly hp cht c hot tnh sinh

hc trong dc liu Atis vi hiu sut cao do PGS.TS. Nguyn Ngc Hnh, Vin

Ha hc ch tr thc hin. ti i su vo mc tiu kho st thnh phn ha hc

ca hoa v l Atis theo nh hng th tc dng khng oxy ha. y l ln u

tin cy Atis Lt c kho st su thnh phn ha hc v hot tnh khng oxy

ha. Sau nghin cu, Vin phi hp vi cng ty c phn dc Lm ng tip tc

trin khai d n Hon thin quy trnh cng ngh ly trch cc cht c hot tnh sinh

hc t l Atis v sn xut th nghim cao bt sy phun v t kt qu tt. Trn c

s cng ngh c hon thin, d n sn xut hn 20 tn cao bt sy phun, vt

5 ln so vi k hoch sn xut th nghim.

1.2.6. Mt s sn phm t Atiso trn th trng

Hin nay trn th trng c cc sn phm t Atiso c tc dng mt gan, gii

c, cha bnh

Bng 1.1. Mt s sn phm t Atiso trn th trng

Tn sn

phm Hnh nh

Thnh phn v

quy cch ng gi Cng dng

- 15 -

Tr ti

lc

- Thnh phn: Ch

hoa ti hoc t

thn, hoa, l, r

- Quy cch: Dng

ti lc ng hp

- Thanh nhit,

mt gan

Bng

Atiso kh

- Hoa Atiso c

phi hoc sy kh.

- ng trong bao b

polyme 0.5kg hoc

1kg

Mt gan, gii

c

Nc

ung

ng chai

- Atiso 14%

- ng chai 340ml,

24 chai/thng.

Mt gan, gii

nhit, thanh

lc c th.

Thc

phm

chc

nng

- L cy Atis ti,

vi cc dc liu:

Kim Ngn Hoa,

Noni

- 1 l: 100 ml, 12

l/thng

B gan, li

mt, gii c,

gim

cholesterol, h

tr tiu ng

- 16 -

Cao mm

Atiso

- 95% l cy Atiso

v 5% ng tinh

luyn.

- 100gr/hp.

Mt gan, thng

mt, kch thch

tiu ha, gii

nhit, p da,

tr mn trng

c, tr nm

da,...

Hon

Atiso

- Cao c Actis

2,5g, t dc va

1 gi 50g

- Gi 50 gam.

Cha tr yu

gan, thn, m

ay, nga,

vng da

Cynaphyt

-ol vin

nn bao

ng

- Cao c Actis

0,2g, t dc va

mt vin bao

ng.

- Hp 1 tube 50

vin bao ng.

- Hp 10 v x 10

vin bao ng

Gii c gan,

thng mt, li

tiu, nhun

trng.

Thuc

nc

- Cao c Actis:

0,2g, t dc va

10 ml

- ng 10 ml. Hp

10 ng

Cha tr yu

gan, thn, m

ay, nga,

vng da

- 17 -

Bavega

vin bao

ng

- Cao c Actis

100mg, cao Bin

Sc 75mg, bt Bm

Bm 75mg, t dc

va 1 vin bao

ng.

- Hp 2 v x 20 vin

bao ng.

- L 60 vin bao

ng.

Cha cc bnh

thuc v gan:

mn nht,

nga, ni m

ay, vim gan

cp v mn

tnh, vng da.

Gip thng

tiu, chng to

bn, n ngon.

1.3. Tng quan v Lc tin ty [19]

1.3.1. Gii thiu chung

- Tn khoa hc: Passiflora. Incarnata L, thuc h Lc tin Passifloraceae

- Tn ting Anh: Passionflower

- Tn thng gi ti Vit Nam: Chanh dy, Lc tin ty, dy mt.

Hnh 1.2. Dy Lc tin ty Hnh 1.3. Hoa v tri Lc tin ty

Ngun gc:

- 18 -

Passionflower c Bc S Monardes, ngi Ty Ban Nha tm ra vo nm

1569 ti Peru sau khi ng ghi chp cc c tinh tr bnh ca cy do kinh nghim ca

th dn; sau ng em theo cy khi v nc v cy c ph bin rng ri

tr thnh mt dc tho lm m du thn kinh c dng khp u Chu.

Nm 1605 mt phi b truyn gio gi hoa passionflower dng tin cho

Gio Hong Paul V, vi nhng gii thch v s tng trng ca hoa vi s thng

ca Cha Kit.

Ti Braxin nhng nh my ch bin nc p qu c thit lp t lu. T

th k 18, 19 Lc tin ty du nhp vo c, Hawaii, chu Phiv c trng vi

din tch ln.

Lc tin ty cng c trng ti mt s ni chu nh n , Do Thi v

trong vng ng Nam nh Phillipines, Indonesia..nhng u quy m nh, t c

gi tr kinh t. Hin c khong 12 nc trng chanh dy vi tng din tch khong

4.500 ha, hu ht Nam M, cn li c v khu vc Nam . Sn lng th gii

ch khong 25.000 tn tri.

Ti Vit Nam mt s nh thc vt hc cho rng cy c ngi Php a vo

t th k 19. Nm 1974, mt s cy hoang c tm thy ti K Sn, Ngh An.

Cy ch yu c gy trng ti cc tnh min Bc, v vng ni cao min Trung nh

Lm ng, Kontum, Gia Lai, k Nng, k Lk ly qu lm nc gii

kht, lm cnh v che bng mt.

n nay, mt s tnh ng bng sng Cu Long nh: Hu Giang, Cn Th,

An Giang, Kin Giangcng bt u pht trin trng chanh dy ly qu cung

ng cho nhu cu th trng.

1.3.2. c im sinh hc

Cy Lc tin ty thuc loi dy leo c th mc di n 10m, thn c rnh dc,

c nhng cun tua gip cy leo v mc ph trn cc cy khc. Qu hnh trng, v

qu mu xm nht, sau chuyn mu ta, khi non c lng mn, qu cha nhiu ht

nh. L mc so le, ba thy, mp c rng ca, c tua cun k l. Hoa to, mu trng,

thm, c cung di, mu tm hoc hi hng. Do hnh dng v chua ging chanh

- 19 -

nn gi l chanh dy nhng thc cht chng khng c quan h h hng g vi chi

cam chanh.

Nng sut trung bnh khong 45-50 tn/ha. Cy lu gc khong 4-5 nm (mi

v ko di khong 18 thng). Ngi ta trng Lc tin ty bng cch gieo ht, gim

cnh hay chit cnh, tt nht l dng cch gim cnh.

1.3.3. Thnh phn ha hc

+ Hoa v t cha:

- Flavonoids (2.5%) gm cc flavone C-glycosides nh shaftoside,

isoshaftoside, isovitexine (hm lng cao nht giai on ngay trc khi hoa n

hon ton), iso-orientin, vicenin, lucenin, saponarin v passiflorine. (Ch dc th

u chu dng vitexin lm tiu chun nh lng hot cht).

- Flavonoid t do nh apigenin, luteolin, quercetin v kampferol.

- Acid bo nh linoleic, linolenic, palmitic, oleic, myristic acids.

- Coumarins.

- ng hu c nh sucrose, fructose, glucose, raffinose..

- Phytosterols nh sitosterol, stigmasterol.

- Tinh du gm limonene, alpha-pinene, cumene, zizaene.

- Maltol (0.05 %): 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-gamma pyrone.

- Harman v cc cht chuyn ha (0.03%).

- Alkaloids nhm Harmala nh harmine, harmaline v harmalol.

- Glycosides to cyahydric acid: gynocardin

+ Thnh phn dinh dng ca qu:

Trong 100 gram qu (phn n c) cung cp:

- Calories 70

- Cht m 2.3- 4.8 g

- Cht bo 0.3- 1-2 g

- Carbohydrate 12- 20.3 g

- Calcium 5.09 mg

- 20 -

- St 0.58 mg

- Phosphorus 37 mg

1.3.4. Tnh hnh s dng

+ S dng lm thc phm:

Lc tin ty trng ch yu ly qu lm nc gii kht bng cch b qu,

ly ht tht bn trong, ch nh ri p lc ly dch qu. Thm ng trng v nc

si ngui cng vi 1 t ng hoc mt ong (lng ty thch), khuy u

ung. Nc ny c tc dng b, mt, thanh nhit, tiu kht, an thn, nhun trng, li

tiu.

Ngi ta cn dng l Lc tin ty lm rau n: Ly l non thi nh, v nh nu

vi tm s l mt mn canh ngon hay c th luc n (nh nhng loi rau khc).

Ti Romania, dc tho c ch to thnh mt dng chewing gum vo nm

1978.

Cng ti u Chu, nc trch c chp thun cho dng nh mt ph gia to

hng v trong nc gii kht v bnh, ko.

+ S dng trong cng nghip: [20]

Nhiu quc gia trn th gii tm cch s dng phn tht v tch ring ht

dng trong cng nghip.

- Phn tht : Tuy trong phn tht ca qu chanh dy ch c khong 2.4 % pectin

nhng ti Fiji, mi nm cc nh sn xut thu hi c n 5 tn pectin gip gim

khi lng cht thi. Phn cn li cha khong 5-6 % cht m c dng lm cht

n thm trong thc phm cho g v gia sc. Ti Braxin cng c cc nh my thu

hi pectin v pectin t loi qu tm c phm cht hn t loi qu vng. Ti Hawaii,

pectin khng c thu hi, nn phn tht c bm vn, phi kh ri trn vi mt

ma nui b, heo.

- Ht: Ht cung cp khong 23% du bo, du thu c c dng tng t nh

du ht hng dng v du u nnh, c th dng nu n v c th dng trong k

ngh sn, vcni. Fiji p c n 13 ngn lt du/ nm.

+ Dng lm dc phm: [21]

- 21 -

Nc ta rt him khi s dng Lc tin ty lm dc phm nhng trn th gii

s dng t lu. T 1800 Lc tin ty c gii thiu trong y hc Bc M

nh l mt loi thuc gim au. Nhiu nc chu u, M v Canada s dng lm

dc phm cch y 200 nm.

Cnh v l Lc tin ty c tc dng an thn, gy ng (nh), gim s lo u hi

hp, h huyt p (nh), du cc cn co git (trong ng kinh), gim cn au bng c

nng v au bng kinh. C 2 cch s dng: Ly l ti (khong 100 gr) nu nc

ung hng ngy hoc dng l, cnh phi kh, nu thnh cao lng mi ngy ung

chng 20 - 30 ml (ty tng ngi) vo bui ti.

Nhiu quc gia trn th gii dng l chanh dy bo ch thuc v cc tc

dng tt ca n. Hoa chanh dy c tc dng an thn nh v c kh nng ru ng.

Hoa chanh dy v ang c nhiu nc dng iu tr cho nhng tr em d b

kch ng hoc c vn bt n v thn kinh, cha bnh hen suyn, ri lon tiu

ha, chng mt ng, v cc kh chu ca hi chng tin mn kinh.

Ti c: V thuc c dng lm m du thn kinh trong mt s trng hp

thn kinh ri lon, kh ng, u lo, bt rt nht l ni tr em. C th dng dc liu

(hoa kh) ch to thnh tr dc bng cch bm vn 2 gram (1 tha c ph) dc

liu, nc un si ngm t 5-10 pht, lc b b. Chia ung trong ngy thnh 2-

3 ln, mi ln 240 ml hay ung 240 ml trc khi i ng.

Ti u Chu: Dc liu hay cht ly trch c dng lm hot cht trong kh

nhiu c ch hn hp lm du tinh thn nh Plantival, Sanadormin, Sedinfant,

Krauter-Dragees, Aranidorm... Ring ti Anh, c n trn 40 c ch an thn c

cha hot cht t Passiflora incarnata nh Gerard 99 Tablets, Lanes Naturest..

Th dn ti Hoa K dng l v hoa gi nt p vo cc vt thng v

chng sng ni cc vt bm. Nc sc t r dng lm thuc tr au, gy m du thn

kinh cho tr em hay khc, lm thuc nh tai.

Ti Braxin cng c dng tr nghin ru, tr em kinh phong, co git.

Ngoi ra cn c mt loi nc gii kht gi l maracuja grande, dng tr suyn, ho

g v cc loi ho dai dng.

- 22 -

1.3.5. Nhng nghin cu trong v ngoi nc

a. Nhng nghin cu ngoi nc [21], [22]

Khi pht hin ra Lc tin ty ngi ta bit mt s tc dng cha bnh ca

n nh vo kinh nghim s dng ca th dn. L ca Lc tin ty c dng trong

Dc hc Bc M t gia th k 18, tr nhc u v gi nt p vt thng.

Cc tc dng gim au ca Lc tin ty ln u tin c ghi nhn trong cc ti

liu vo nm 1897 cn cc tc dng an thn c ghi nhn vo nm 1904.

+ T 1951, H Hawaii c nhiu nghin cu v chanh dy v chn la

c nhng chng loi vng cho sn lng cao v qu c nhiu nc ct.

+ Nm 1973 mt th nghim khc, tng i ngn hn: trong 2 tun dng

c ch Compoz (bn t do, ngoi quy bng OTC, c cha Passiflora trong thnh

phn) khng chng minh c s khc bit gia dng Compoz vi aspirin hay

placebo (JAMA S 223-1973).

Th nghim khc trong ng nghim cho thy Passiflora dit c nhiu loi vi

khun, nm gy bnh, mc... trong hot tnh dit khun mnh nht l trn cc

Streptococcus gy ly huyt nhm A, hot tnh trn Staphyloccus aureus yu hn

v trung bnh trn nm Candida albicans. Cc tc ng dit vi khun mt i kh

nhanh khi dng cy kh v khi tn tr dch chit. (Antimicrobial Agents &

Chemotherapy S 3-1973) .

+1974: Mt s th nghim cho thy maltol v ethylmaltol c th gip to

qun bnh, chng li hot tnh kch thch gy ra bi cc alkaloids loi harmala.

(Chemistry and Pharmacology Bulletin S 22-1974).

+ 1975: Th nghim trn chut, cho thy hot tnh to m du ca P.

incarnata c th do s phi hp cn thit ca c flavonoids chung vi cc

alkaloids (Planta Medica S 27-1975).

+ 1988: Cc th nghim trn th vt ghi nhn cc nc chit t hoa c

nhng tc ng phc tp trn h thn kinh Trung Ung, gy ra nhng phn ng

hoc kch thch hoc c ch ty thuc vo liu lng s dng (Planta Medica S

54-1988).

- 23 -

+ 1995: Th nghim dng mt c ch (t P. incarnata) Calmanervin to m

du cho bnh nhn, trc khi gii phu, c ghi nhn l c kt qu tt (Journal of

Ethnopharmacology S 46-1995)

+ 1997: Th nghim trn chut, cho dng nc chit ton cy (c l ln hoa),

cho thy hot ng ca chut gim xung trong cc test dng m l (ng di

chuyn quanh co qua nhiu ng ngch, chng ngi vt)

Mt s nghin cu dc hc cho thy hot cht apigenin trong passionflower

c kh nng kt bm vo cc th th benzodiazepin trung ng, do to c

cc tc ng an thn m khng gy cc phn ng gy gim tr nh hay ri lon

hot ng di chuyn; ngoi ra nc trch passionflower cng lm gim cc kch

ng qu mc v thn kinh gy ra bi amphetamine (Pharmacology &

Biochemistry & Behavior S 58-1997).

Th nghim, double blind, c i chng vi gi dc trong 91 bnh nhn cho

dng Passiflora (trong c ch hn hp Euphytose) cho thy kt qu c nhng

khc bit r rng v tr liu cc ri lon tm thn, tnh nt gia 2 nhm dng thuc

v dng gi dc (Fundamental Clinical Pharmacology S 11-1997).

Do tc ng an thn, Lc tin ty c dng trong cc trng hp bnh

suyn, tim hi hp v mt s trng hp nhp tim bt thng, huyt p cao, mt

ng, u lo, cng thng tinh thn; tuy nhin trn thc t cha c nhng kt qu lm

sng xc nhn cc c tnh tr bnh k trn.

+ 2002: L c kh nng tr ho: Mt nghin cu nm 2002, ni chut ghi

nhn nc trch t l c th lm gim ho theo cch tc ng ca codein.

(Fitoterapia S 73-2002)

+ 2003: L passionflower c s dng trong dn gian nh mt phng

thuc 'b tnh dc, gy hng khi'. Trong mt nghin cu nm 2003, nc chit t

l khi th trn chut cho thy cc hot tnh nh lm tng hot ng tnh dc, tng

s lng tinh trng, kh nng th tinh. (Phytotherapy Research S 17-2003)

+ 2008: Dch chit t v ca qu Lc tin ty c th lm gim bt cn kh

kh, ho v th ngn hi ni ngi bnh suyn (Nghin cu ti Southwest

- 24 -

Scientific Editing and Consulting, Tucson, Arizona, cng b trn Nutrition

Research S 28-2008).

+ 2009: Trong ht ca qu Lc tin ty c mt protein phc tp l Passiflin

c kh nng dit nm (Phytomedicine S 16-2009).

L trch bng ethanol, cho mt dch chit c kh nng chng oxy ha kh

mnh (Th nghim ti H Karpagam, n , cng b trn Indian Journal of

Pharmaceutical Sciences S 71-2009).

Mt nghin cu khc ti H Santa Catarina, SC (Ba Ty) ghi nhn dch chit

t phn tht ca qu dy mt loi vng c kh nng an thn, gy ng nh khi th

trn chut. Hot tnh c cho l do cc C-glycosylflavonoids nh isoorientin,

vicenin. (Experimental Biology and Medicine S 234-2009) .

+ 2010: Nghin cu ti Trng Dc, Vin H Trng Khnh ghi nhn dch

chit bng ethanol thn v l ca cy dy mt c hot tnh an thn liu thp

(di 200 mg/kg) v gy du thn kinh liu cao hn 300mg/kg. Hot tnh ny c

th do cc flavonoids. (Journal of Ethnopharmacology S 128-2010).

Cc nh nghin cu trng i hc Florida (M) pht hin ra rng chit

xut ca v tri chanh dy vng c th chng li cc t bo ung th nh vo 2 hot

cht c ngun gc thc vt l carotenoids v polyphenols. Cn gio s Watson

(cng ca trng i hc Florida) v cc cng s ca ng th li chng minh c

rng chit xut t v tri chanh dy tm gip gim c n 75% chng th kh

kh nhng ngi b bnh hen suyn v nng cao kh nng ht th ca h.

b. Nhng nghin cu trong nc [23], [24], [25], [26]

nc ta c mt s nghin cu v Lc tin ty nhng ch yu v ging v

cc sn phm thc phm cn v tnh cht dc hc th t c nghin cu.

K s, cn b k thut Chi cc bo v thc vt tnh c Nng ghp thnh

cng ging chanh dy gip cho ngi trng chanh dy c Nng khng cn

ph thuc vo ging chanh dy nhp t nc ngoi v nh lu nay, gi c li cao,

hin ti cc doanh nghip nhp ging chanh dy t nc ngoi v bn cho nng

dn trn a bn tnh c Nng l 25.000 ng/gc.

- 25 -

+ 2007: Ging vin Nguyn Th Thu Sang v cc cng s thuc Trng H

Bn cng Tn c Thng (TP HCM) thnh cng trong vic sn xut mt loi

ru vang mi c chit xut t v tri chanh dy.

+2009: Nghin cu u tin v vin si chanh dy ti Vit Nam do thc s

Tn N Thu Nguyt, b mn Cng ngh thc phm, khoa K thut ha hc, H

Bch khoa TP HCM thc hin. thc s Nguyt cng thnh cng trong vic to

ra bt chanh dy theo cng ngh sy phun.

+ 2011: Cng ty Phng Tho Nguyn (TP.HCM) vi s tham gia ca TS.

L Vn B (Trng i hc Cn Th) ngi nghin cu v t vn k thut cho

Cng ty, nghin cu v a vo trng thnh cng chanh dy trng bng k

thut hnh ch T (ti tnh k Nng), bng phng php ny s lng tri

chanh dy loi 1 t n 80% .

1.3.6. Mt s sn phm t Lc tin ty trn th trng

Bng 1.2. Mt s sn phm t Lc tin ty trn th trng

Tn sn

phm Hnh nh

Thnh phn v

cch thc bao gi Tc dng

Nc ct

chanh dy

- Qu chanh dy

vng,

- 500ml/ Chai

Thng 24 chai

B, mt,

thanh nhit,

gii kht, an

thn, li

tiu.

Dng

th gi

m hng

chanh

dy, Anh

- Chanh dy, da

hu v b cao cao.

- ng trong hp

dung tch 200ml

i vi da

thng v

da kh. Lm

mn da.

- 26 -

Mui tm

Argussy

nht bn.

Chanh dy, Mui,

du oliu.

Loi t bo

cht, gii

c trn da,

tr da nm

mc, nt n

gt chn,

nc n

chn

Tr o,

chanh dy

anh quc

- Chanh dy, o

v mt s thnh

phn khc.

- 40g/ 20 ti lc

B dng

cho c th

Nc gii

kht

Pusmax

Chanh

Leo

CL330m

- Chanh dy v

mt s thnh phn

khc.

- ng lon 330ml

Gii kht

Nc

ung

chanh dy

ng chai

- Chanh dy v

mt s thnh phn

khc

- ng chai nha

500ml

Gii kht

- 27 -

Chng 2. I TNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

2.1. i tng nghin cu

2.1.1. Hoa Atiso

Hoa Atiso kh c bao gi trong bao b polymer do c s An Thnh, 266/4

Phan nh Phng, phng 2, thnh ph Lt, Lm ng sn xut. Mua ti siu

th Maximark, thnh ph Nha Trang, Khnh Ha.

2.1.2. L Lc tin ty

c bao gi trong bao b polymer sn xut ti trung tm nghin cu v sn

xut Dc Liu Min Trung, khu cng nghip Ha Hip Nam, ng Ha, Ph Yn.

2.1.3. Axit citric

Acid citric dng bt vi cc ch tiu:

+ Acid citric >=98%

+ Tro

- 28 -

Chai thy tinh u, khng c bt kh, khng c vt nt, khng c np nhn,vt ct,

ming chai phi phng khng c st m, y hnh lm c th chu c p

lcNp chai c cu to bng st, c m km v c lp vecni chng g, pha

di ni tip xc vi ming chai c m cao su to kn cho bao b sau khi

ghp

2.2. Phng php nghin cu

2.2.1. Phng php phn tch, nh gi

+ Xc nh hm lng m nguyn liu Atiso, Lc tin ty bng phng php

sy nhit 130C.

+ Xc nh hm lng khong Atiso, Lc tin ty bng phng php nung

nhit 550-600C.

+ Xc nh hm lng cht kh bng cch s dng khc x k ATAGO 1E.

+ Xc nh pH ca sn phm nc gii kht t Atiso - Lc tin ty bng my

o pH 200 meter ca Hn Quc sn xut.

+ Xc nh hm lng vi sinh vt trong sn phm.

2.2.2. Phng php x l s liu thc nghim

X l s liu v v th bng phn mm Microsoft excel 2003

2.2.3. Phng php nh gi cht lng cm quan [5]

S dng phng php nh gi cht lng cm quan theo php th cho im

nh gi cht lng sn phm cc cng on nghin cu cng nh sn phm

cui cng. nh gi theo TCVN 3215-7, tiu chun ny s dng h 20 im xy

dng mt thang im thng nht c 6 bc (t 0-5) v im 5 l cao nht cho mt ch

tiu.

Qua tham kho ti liu kt hp vi quan st dch chit v sn phm t xy

dng bng im nh gi cm quan v cc ch tiu mu sc, mi, v, trng thi ca

dch chit v sn phm.

- 29 -

Bng 2.1. Thang im nh gi cm quan sn phm nc ung ng chai t hoa

Atiso - l Lc tin ty

Ch

tiu im

H s

quan

trng

C s nh gi

Mu

sc

5

4

3

2

1

0

1.2

Mu vng cnh gin, c trng

Mu vng cnh gin, t c trng

Vng rm, t c trng

Vng nht hoc nu

Vng rt nht hoc m

Sn phm b bin i mu

Mi

5

4

3

2

1

0

1

Thm d chu ca Atiso, mt ong, t mi Lc tin ty,

lu mi kh lu

Thm Atiso, mt ong, Lc tin ty hi ha

t c mi ca Atiso v mt ong, khng c mi Lc tin ty

Khng c mi cc thnh phn trong sn phm

C mi l

Mi thiu, chua ca sn phm h hng

V

5

4

3

2

1

0

1

Cht nh ca Atiso, ngt du ca mt ong, chua ca axit

hi ha

Cht, ngt, chua t hi ha

ng nh Atiso, chua ngt khng hi ha

ng ca Atiso, chua axit hoc qu ngt

ng gt ca Atiso hoc chua mnh ca axit

V kh chu

Trng

thi

5

4 0.8

Dch trong sng, c rt t cn lng

Dch trong, c rt t cn lng

- 30 -

3

2

1

0

Dch trong, t cn lng

Dch hi c, t cn lng

Dch c, cn lng nhiu

Dch c trng thi l

Bng 2.2. C s cho im cm quan dch chit hoa Atiso

Ch

tiu im

H s

quan

trng

C s nh gi

Mu

sc

5

4

3

2

1

0

1.2

Mu vng m, c trng

Mu vng m, t c trng

Vng rm, t c trng

Vng nht hoc mu nu

Vng rt nht hoc m

Sn phm b bin i mu

Mi

5

4

3

2

1

0

1

Thm d chu ca Atiso, lu mi kh lu

Thm Atiso, lu mi lu

t c mi ca Atiso

Khng c mi Atiso

C mi l

Mi thiu, chua ca sn phm h hng

V

5

4

3

2

1

0

1

Hi cht, hu v hi ngt c trng ca Atiso.

Hi cht, hu v t ngt.

Cht, khng nhn thy hu v ngt.

Qu cht hoc khng nhn thy v cht.

Khng nhn thy v ca Atiso

C v l

- 31 -

Trng

thi

5

4

3

2

1

0

0.8


Dch trong sng, c t cn lng

Dch trong, t cn lng

Dch hi c, c cn lng

Dch c, cn lng nhiu

Dch c trng thi l

Bng 2.3. C s cho im cm quan dch chit l Lc tin ty

Ch tiu im

H s

quan

trng

C s nh gi

Mu sc

5

4

3

2

1

0

1.2

Vng cnh gin c trng

Vng cnh gin t c trng

Vng rm

Vng nht hoc nu

Nu sm

Khng c mu r rng ca dch chit

Mi

5

4

3

2

1

0

1

c trng ca Lc tin ty

Mi Lc tin ty nhng t c trng

C mi Lc tin ty

Mi Lc tin ty nhng rt t

Khng c mi Lc tin ty

Mi kh chu

V

5

4

3

2

1

Cht d chu, ngt l c trng ca Lc tin ty

Cht, hu v ngt l nhng t c trng

Cht, hi chua v ng, khng c hu v

Khng c v , ng

- 32 -

1

0

V l

V kh chu

Trng

thi

5

4

3

2

1

0

0.8


Dch trong sng, c t cn lng

Dch trong, c t cn lng

Dch hi c, t cn lng

Dch c, cn lng nhiu

Dch c trng thi l

2.2.4. Dng c th nghim

Bng 2.4. Thit b v dng c th nghim

S th t Thit b v dng c

1 Bp ga, bp in

2 Cn in t, cn phn tch

3 Ni nu, ni thanh trng

4 Bnh tam gic

5 Vi lc

6 Cc nung

7 My o pH-200 metter

8 T nung

9 T sy

9 Nhit k

10 Khc x k

11 T host

12 Thit b ng np

2.3. B tr th nghim

- 33 -

2.3.1. Quy trnh sn xut d kin

2.3.1.1. S quy trnh

Hnh 2.1. S quy trnh sn xut d kin

Hoa atiso

Sao, h th

Chit

Lc th

Phi ch

Gia nhit

Rt chai, ghp np

Thanh trng

Bo qun

Bo n

L Lc tin ty

Chit

Lc th

Axit citric

Mt ong

Lc tinh

Nc

B B

Nc

B

- 34 -

2.3.1.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh

a. Chun b dch chit Atiso, Lc tin ty:

+ Sao, h th:

Ch tin hnh vi nguyn liu hoa Atiso

- Mc ch: Lm tng thm mi c trng ca hoa Atiso, ng thi tng kh

nng trch ly ca nguyn liu nh lm gim m trong hoa Atiso.

- Tin hnh: Hoa Atiso sau khi mua v ct nh sau sao vng, h th khong

15 pht.

+ Trch ly:

- Mc ch: Tch chit cc cht c trong hoa Atiso, Lc tin ty i vo trong

nc pha.

- Tin hnh: Cht Cynarin c trong Atiso v mt s cht trong Lc tin ty tan

tt nhit khong 95-100C nn ta tin hnh trch ly nhit ny. Atiso v

Lc tin ty c cho vo ni inox y np, gi nhit trong khong 95-100C v

tin hnh trch ly.

+ Lc th:

- Mc ch: Tch b phn xc v lm trong nc chit, to trong cho nc

pha

- Tin hnh:Nc sau khi trch ly ta lc qua bng vi lc.

C nhiu yu t nh hng n qu trnh trch ly trong c thi gian trch ly

v t l nc/ nguyn liu, v vy cn tin hnh nghin cu cc thng s ny.

b. Phi ch:

- Mc ch: Phi ch dch Atiso, Lc tin ty vi t l nht nh, v thm acid

citric, mt ong nhm to ra sn phm c gi tr cm quan cao nht.

- Tin hnh: Dch chit sau khi chun b c phi ch theo t l thch hp, sau

em gia nhit n khong 50-60C ri cho mt ong, acid citric vo khuy u

cho ha tan trc khi mang i lc tinh.

c. Lc tinh:

- 35 -

- Mc ch: To ra sn phm c trong cao, tng gi tr cm quan.

- Tin hnh: Dch sau phi ch c lc nhanh v lc nhiu ln bng vi lc

nhiu lp.

d. Gia nhit, bi kh:

- Mc ch: Nhm tiu dit vi sinh vt, ui bt khng kh trong dch, to

thun li cho qu trnh rt chai, ngn nga cc hin tng v chai, oxi ha sn

phm.

- Tin hnh: un dch n nhit 90-95C ri mi rt vo chai.

e. Rt chai, ghp np:

- Mc ch: Nhm gip sn phm cch ly hon ton vi nhng tc nhn c hi,

tng thi gian bo qun, tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm, to thun li cho qu

trnh phn phi v tiu dng.

- Tin hnh: Chai thy tinh c ra sch v em i thanh trng, np ra sch

ro. Dch sau gia nhit c rt nhanh vo chai em i ng np cng nhanh

cng tt m bo hiu qu bi kh.

g. Thanh trng:

- Mc ch: Tiu dit vi sinh vt gy bnh v gy h hng n sn phm. y

l mt qu trnh quan trng lin quan mt thit n cht lng v thi gian bo qun

sn phm.

- Tin hnh: Sau ghp np ta thanh trng sn phm nhit thch hp.

h. Lm ngui, bo n, bo qun:

Sn phm sau khi thanh trng c lm ngui nhanh v a i bo n nhit

thng.

- 36 -

2.3.2. S b tr th nghim tng qut

Hnh 2.2. S b tr th nghim tng qut

2.3.3. S b tr th nghim c th

2.3.3.1. Th nghim xc nh nhit v thi gian sao hoa Atiso

Sao, h th

Chit

Lc th

Phi ch

Gia nhit

Rt chai, ghp np

Thanh trng

Bo qun

Xc nh thi gian v t sao

Xc nh thi gian chit Xc nh s ln chit v

t l nc

Xc nh thi gian gi nhit

Chit

Lc th

Xc nh thi gian chit Xc nh s ln chit v t l nc

Axit citric Mt ong

Xc nh t l dch Atiso/ Lc tin ty Xc nh t l axit citric v mt ong b sung

Lc tinh

L Lc tin ty Hoa Atiso Xc nh hm lng m v khong

Xc nh hm lng m v khong

- 37 -

Hnh 2.3. S th nghim xc nh nhit v thi gian sao hoa Atiso

- Mc ch: Xc nh nhit v thi gian sao thch hp cho gi tr cm

quan ca sn phm l cao nht.

- Tin hnh: Qu trnh sao tin hnh trong cho gang. Cho gang khi nng

n cc mc nhit (C): 120, 140, 160, 180 th cho hoa Atiso c ct nh

vo, sao trong cc khong thi gian (pht): 3, 4, 5. H th khong 15 pht. Sau

em trch ly trong thi gian 15 pht, lc v tin hnh nh gi cm quan, o nng

cht kh ri xc nh nhit v thi gian sao thch hp nht.

Sao nhit (C) v thi gian (pht):

H th

Lc

Chit

nh gi cm quan v xc nh t l cht tan thu c

Xc nh nhit v thi gian sao thch hp

Hoa atiso kh

120(C) 140(C)

160(C) 180(C)

4p

5p

3p 3p

5p

4p

3p

5p

4p

5p

4p

3p

- 38 -

2.3.3.2. B tr th nghim xc nh thi gian chit hoa Atiso:

Hnh 2.4. Th nghim xc nh thi gian chit hoa Atiso

- Mc ch: Tch chit trit cc cht v mi hng c trong hoa Atiso

- Tin hnh: Chit Atiso vi cc khong thi gian nh hnh 2.4, c nh t l

nc chit 1000ml/10g. Sau tin hnh nh gi cm quan v xc nh hm lng

cht kh ri chn thi gian chit thch hp.

2.3.3.3. B tr th nghim xc nh s ln chit v t l nc chit/ hoa Atiso:

Hoa atiso

Sao, h th

Chit vi thi gian (pht):

Lc


Xc nh thi gian chit thch hp

15

25

10

20

30

- 39 -

Hnh 2.5. Th nghim xc nh s ln chit hoa Atiso

- Mc ch: S ln chit v t l nc chit nh hng n cht lng dch

chit v gi tr kinh t. Xc nh s ln v t l nc chit thch hp nhm tch cht

tan c trong hoa Atiso v chit rt mi hng ti a khng b hao ph m vn

mang li hiu qu kinh t cao nht.

- Tin hnh: Tin hnh theo hnh 2.5, hoa Atiso cho vo ni inox, b sung

nc ngp hoa. Tin hnh chit nhit 95-100C, trong thi gian c xc nh

th nghim 2.3.3.2. Trong qu trnh chit lin tc b sung nc b p phn nc

bay hi, m bo hoa Atiso lun ngp nc. Sau ln chit u tin ta mang dch

lc nh gi cm quan, xc nh hm lng cht kh v tnh tng lng nc b

sung. Chit ln 2, 3, 4 tng t nh ln 1.

Hoa Atiso

Sao, h th

Chit vi s ln:

Lc


Chn s ln chit thch hp

1 2 3 4

- 40 -

Kt thc ta chn c s ln chit thch hp, trn u dch chit ca cc ln

chit chn ta c dung dch dng pha ch. T l nc chit chnh l tng

lng nc b sung ca cc ln chit chn.

2.3.3.4. B tr th nghim xc nh thi gian chit Lc tin ty

- Mc ch: Tch chit cc cht v mi hng trong Lc tin ty sao cho cht

lng cm quan dch chit cao nht.

- Tin hnh: Tng t nh qu trnh chit Atiso th nghim 2.3.3.2, b sung

nc 1000ml/10g l Lc tin ty, thay i thi gian chit (pht) l: 5, 8, 11, 14, 17.

2.3.3.5. B tr th ngim xc nh s ln chit v t l nc chit/ l Lc tin ty

- Mc ch: Chit cc cht tan v mi hng trong l Lc tin ty mt cch

ti a, mang li sn phm tt nht cho ngi tiu dng m vn c hiu qu kinh t

cao.

- Tin hnh: Tin hnh tng t nh qu trnh chit hoa Atiso th nghim

2.3.3.3 vi thi gian chit c xc nh th nghim 2.3.3.4.

2.3.3.6. B tr th nghim xc nh t l phi ch dch Atiso/ Lc tin ty

- Mc ch: T l dch Atiso/ Lc tin ty nh hng n gi tr cm quan ca

sn phm v hiu qu kinh t, v vy ta tin hnh xc nh t l ny cho sn phm

c gi tr cm quan cao nht m vn m bo li ch kinh t ca nh sn xut.

- Tin hnh: S dng cc kt qu v hoa Atiso, l Lc tin ty nh cc th

nghim trn v tin hnh th nghim theo s hnh 2.6 xc nh c t l phi

ch dch thch hp.

- 41 -

Hnh 2.6. Th nghim xc nh t l phi trn dch Atiso/ Lc tin ty

Phi trn Atiso/Lc tin ty vi t l (ml/ml):

60/40

70/30

Gia nhit

Thanh trng

nh gi cm quan xc nh t l Atiso/ Lc tin ty thich hp

Hoa Atiso L Lc tin ty

Lc tinh

Lc th Lc th

. . .

. . .

. . .

80/20

50/50

40/60

- 42 -

2.3.3.7. B tr th nghim xc nh t l axit citric b sung so vi dch Atiso-Lc

tin ty

Hnh 2.7. Th nghim xc nh t l axit citric b sung

- Mc ch: B sung axit citric nhm to v chua ngt hi ha, gi mu cho

sn phm, gim ch thanh trng v tng thi gian bo qun.

- Tin hnh: S dng cc thng s c c t cc th nghim trn v tin

hnh th nghim vi t l acid citric thay i theo s hnh 2.7.

B sung axit citric vi t l (%):

0.05


Lc th Lc th

Gia nhit

Thanh trng

nh gi cm quan v xc nh t l axit citric b sung thch hp

Lc tinh

. . .

. . .

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.06

. . . Mt ong

Axit citric

- 43 -

2.3.3.8. B tr th nghim xc nh nh t l mt ong b sung so vi dch Atiso-

Lc tin ty

Hnh 2.8. Th nghim xc nh t l mt ong b sung

- Mc ch: To v ngt hi ha d ung, tt cho sc khe ngi tiu dng.

B sung mt ong vi t l (%):

7


Lc th

Gia nhit

Thanh trng

nh gi cm quan v xc nh t l mt ong b sung thch hp

. . .

. . .

5

3

9

11

Lc tinh

. . .

Mt ong

Axit citric

Lc th

- 44 -

- Tin hnh: C nh cc thng s c xc nh cc th nghim trn v

tin hnh theo s hnh 2.8 vi t l mt ong thay i theo cc t l (%) so vi

dch: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11.

2.3.3.9. B tr th nghim xc nh thi gian gi nhit trong qu trnh thanh

trng

Thanh trng vi thi gian (pht) gi nhit:

Kim nghim vi sinh vt

Xc nh thi gian thanh trng thch hp

nh gi cm quan

15

Lm ngui, bo n

Hoa Atiso

Lc th

L Lc tin ty

Phi ch . . .

. . .

Lc th

. . .

15 10

20

Mt ong

Axit citric

- 45 -

Hnh 2.9. Th nghim xc nh thi gian gi nhit trong qu trnh thanh trng

-Mc ch: Tiu dit nhng vi sinh vt nh hng n sc khe ngi tiu

dng ng thi tng thi gian bo qun sn phm.

- Tin hnh: Dng pH k o dch sn phm trc khi thanh trng, kt qu

pH=4.0, sn phm thuc loi pH thp (

- 46 -

Chng 3. KT QU NGHIN CU V THO LUN

3.1. Xc nh cc thng s thch hp

3.1.1. Kt qu xc nh hm lng m v tro trong nguyn liu Atiso

3.1.1.1. Kt qu xc nh hm lng m ca hoa Atiso

Tin hnh lm th nghim nh trnh by phn 1 (ph lc 3) ta c c kt

qu theo bng 3.1

Bng 3.1. Hm lng m ca hoa Atiso

Ch

tiu

Mu

Khi

lng

mu

(g)

Khi

lng

cc (g)

Khi lng

mu v cc

trc sy

(g)

Khi lng

mu v cc

sau sy (g)

Hm

lng

m

(%)

Hm

lng

cht kh

(%)

1 4 37.840 41.840 41.222 15.45 84.55

2 4.002 36.86 40.862 40.254 15.19 84.81

3 4.002 37.597 41.599 41.390 15.22 84.78

Hm lng trung bnh: 15.29 84.71

Nhn xt: Hm lng m ca hoa Atiso kh n nh, hm lng cht kh cao

thun li cho qu trnh sn xut nc gii kht.

3.1.1.2. Kt qu xc nh hm lng tro ton phn ca hoa Atiso

Tin hnh lm th nghim nh trnh by phn 2 (ph lc 3) c c kt qu

theo bng 3.2

Bng 3.2. Hm lng tro ton phn ca hoa Atiso

Ch

tiu

Mu

Khi

lng

mu (g)

Khi

lng cc

(g)

Khi lng

mu v cc

trc sy (g)

Khi lng

mu v cc

sau sy (g)

Hm

lng

tro

(%)

- 47 -

1 3.005 26.679 29.684 26.842 5.42

2 3.002 33.451 36.453 33.466 5.03

3 3.002 31.941 34.943 32.095 5.13

Hm lng tro trung bnh: 5.19

Nhn xt:

+ Hm lng tro ton phn ca hoa Atiso khng thay i sau nhiu ln lm

th nghim (3 ln). Nh vy, hm lng tro ton phn ca hoa Atiso l n nh.

+ Hm lng tro ton phn ca hoa Atiso kh cao 5.19%, nh vy khi sn

xut nc gii kht s cung cp mt lng ln cht khong cho c th.

3.1.2. Kt qu xc nh hm lng m v tro ca nguyn liu Lc tin ty

3.1.2.1. Kt qu xc nh hm lng m ca l Lc tin ty

Tin hnh lm th nghim nh trnh by phn 1 (ph lc 3) c c kt

qu theo bng 3.3

Bng 3.3. Hm lng m ca l Lc tin ty

Ch

tiu

Mu

Khi

lng

mu

(g)

Khi

lng

cc (g)

Khi lng

mu v cc

trc sy

(g)

Khi lng

mu v cc

sau sy (g)

Hm

lng

m

(%)

Hm

lng

cht kh

(%)

1 2.001 31.899 33.900 33.593 15.34 84.66

2 2.002 40.031 42.033 41.707 16.28 83.72

3 2.006 32.344 34.350 34.005 17.20 82.8

Hm lng trung bnh: 16.27 83.73

Nhn xt: Hm lng m ca l Lc tin ty khng qu cao thun li cho cc

qu trnh chit dch sn xut nc gii kht.

- 48 -

3.1.2.2. Hm lng tro ton phn ca l Lc tin ty

Tin hnh lm th nghim nh trnh by phn 2 (ph lc 3) c c kt qu

theo bng 3.4

Bng 3.4. Kt qu xc nh hm lng tro ca Lc tin ty

Ch

tiu

Mu

Khi

lng

mu (g)

Khi

lng cc

(g)

Khi lng

mu v cc

trc sy (g)

Khi lng

mu v cc

sau sy (g)

Hm

lng

tro (%)

1 1.505 24.113 25.618 24.231 7.84

2 1.506 22.216 23.722 22.323 7.1

3 2.006 25.647 27.653 25.792 7.22

Hm lng tro trung bnh: 7.39

Nhn xt: Hm lng tro trung bnh ca Lc tin ty kh cao, rt thch hp

cho vic sn xut nc gii kht.

3.1.3. Kt qu xc nh ch sao hoa Atiso

Tin hnh th nghim theo hnh 2.3; kt qu th nghim c trnh by trong

bng 3.5, bng 1 (ph lc 4) v hnh 3.1, 3.2

- 49 -

Bng 3.5. M t cht lng cm quan dch chit hoa Atiso theo nhit v thi

gian sao

Mu

Nhit

(C)

Thi

gian

(pht)

Mu Mi V Trng thi

1 3 Vng

nht

t nhn thy

mi Atiso Cht nh

Trong sng,

rt t cn lng

2 4 Vng

nht t mi Atiso Cht nh

Trong sng,

rt t cn lng

3

140

5 Vng Mi thm

Cht, hu v

ngt nhng t

c trng

Trong sng,

t cn lng

4 3 Vng

rm

Thm Atiso,

t c trng

Cht, ngt t

hi ha

Trong sng,

rt t cn

5 4 Vng

m

Thm c

trng

V cht,

ngt hi ha

Trong sng,

rt t cn

6

160

5 Vng

m

Thm c

trng

Cht nh,

hi ng

Trong,

c t cn lng

7

3

Nu

Thm ng

Hi c,

c t cn

8 4 Nu

Mi thm

ln mi chy

ng, chua

rt kh ung

c,

c cn l lng

9

180

5 Nu

Mi hc

Khi nm v

ng, chua

rt kh chu

c, nhiu cn

l lng

- 50 -

11.56

17.36

9.32

15.8

8.48

16.72

13.3614.72

16.52

6

9

12

15

18

140C 160C 180C

Nhit sao

im cm

quan

3 pht

4 pht5 pht

Hnh 3.1. im cm quan dch chit Atiso theo nhit v thi gian chit

Tho lun: Da vo hnh 3.1 v bng 3.5 ta thy cng tng nhit v thi

gian sao th mu sc, v ca dch chit cng tng, nhng khi tng nhit , thi gian

n mt mc no th cht lng cm quan gim. C th, sao nhit 140C

trong cc thi gian 3 pht, 4 pht th mu sc, mi ca dch chit rt km, im cm

quan thp. Khi tng thi gian ln 5 pht mu sc c tng nhng v vn khng c

ci thin. Cn sao nhit cao, 180C, mu dch m, v ng kh chu. nhit

sao 160C dch chit mu sc p nht, tuy nhin ko di thi gian cng lm

gim v v trng thi ca dch nh nhit 160C, 5 pht s lm dch chit c v hi

ng. Thi gian 4 pht dch chit cho cht lng cm quan cao nht.

Qu trnh sao khng nhng lm gim hm m, tng hng cho dch chit m

cn tiu dit vi sinh vt. Trong khi sao loi b c nhng mi kh chu, tng

cng cc phn ng caramen, maillairdto v, hng thm cho sn phm. Nhit

sao thp cc phn ng ny cha din ra, nhit qu cao dn ti chy, kht, bin

tnh cc cht. nhit 160C trong thi gian 4 pht l khong nhit v thi

gian thch hp nht cho cc phn ng nay din ra.

Kt lun: Chn nhit v thi gian sao: 160C trong 4 pht.

3.1.4. Kt qu xc nh thi gian chit hoa Atiso:

- 51 -

Tin hnh th nghim theo hnh 2.4 ta c kt qu trnh by bng 3.6, bng

2 (ph lc 4) v hnh 3.2

Bng 3.6. M t cht lng cm quan dch chit hoa Atiso theo thi gian chit

Mu

Thi

gian

(pht)

Mu Mi V Trng thi

1 10 Vng nht Rt t mi Cht nh Trong sng

2 15 Vng t mi Cht nh Trong sng

3 20 Vng m Thm c

trng Atiso

Cht nh, hu v ngt

c trng ca Atiso Trong sng

4 25 Vng m Thm c

trng Atiso

Cht, hu v ngt c

trng ca Atiso Trong sng

5 30 Nu Thm Cht, c v chua Trong, c t

cn l lng

Hnh 3.2. S thay i ca im cm quan v nng cht tan ca dch chit hoa

Atiso theo thi gian chit

Tho lun: Thi gian chit cng di th mu sc, v, nng cht kh ca

dch chit cng tng. C th khi chit 10 pht th mu dch chit vng nht, t 0.2

Brix, khi tng ln 15 pht th c mu vng v 20 pht th mu vng m, t 0.5

Brix. Tng thi gian chit im cm quan cng tng, nhng nu tip tc tng th

to v chua, mu m lc ny im cm quan li gim. Chit trong 10 pht im

cm quan 13.6, tng ln 20 pht th t 17.4, nhng khi tng ti 30 pht th ch cn

14.8. Ti cc mc thi gian chit 20, 25 pht im cm quan kh cao.

Khi chit hoa Atiso cn c khong thi gian nht nh nc thm vo hoa,

khuch tn cht tan v mi hng. Thi gian chit ngn cc cht tan trong hoa Atiso

- 52 -

nh tanin, cynarincha khuch tn hon ton vo nc. Ngc li chit thi gian

di cc hp phn nh tinh du, h keo, proteins i vo nc chit lm mu nc

xu, ng thi tn tht mi. V vy cn chit hoa Atiso thi gian thch hp. Trong

th nghim chit 20, 25 pht im cm quan u cao, tuy nhin tng thi gian 5 pht

nhng nng cht tan tng 0.1 Brix, t c hiu qu kinh t.

Kt lun: cht lng dch cao m hiu qu kinh t cao nht ta chn thi

gian chit l 20 pht.

3.1.5. Kt qu xc nh s ln chit v t l nc/ hoa Atiso

Tin hnh th nghim theo hnh 2.5 v c nh thi gian chit l 20 pht. Kt

qu c trnh by bng 3.7, bng 3 (ph lc 4) v hnh 3.3

Bng 3.7. M t cht lng cm quan dch chit hoa Atiso theo s ln chit

Mu Ln chit Mu Mi V Trng thi

1 1 (515ml) Vng

m

Thm c

trng Atiso Cht, hu v ngt Trong sng

2 2 (395ml) Vng Thm ca

Atiso

Cht nh, t c

hu v Trong sng

3 3 (300ml) Vng

nht

Mi thm

rt nh

Cht nh, khng

c hu v ngt Trong sng

4 4 (300ml)

Trng

c ln

vng

Khng nhn

thy mi

Atiso

Khng nhn bit

v

Trong

rt sng

- 53 -

11

16.8415.72

12.32

0.2

0.7

0.010.05

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1 2 3 4

S ln chit (ln)

im cm

quan

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Nng cht tan (Bx)

im cm quan Nng cht tan

Hnh 3.3. S thay i im cm quan v nng cht tan ca dch chit hoa

Atiso theo s ln chit

Tho lun: Chit cng nhiu ln th mu sc dch Atiso cng gim, v, mi v

hm lng cht tan cng vy. ln chit th 1, 2 cn nhn c nh gi cao ca

cm quan vin, ln chit th 3, 4 mi, v dch chit gim mnh, hm lng cht tan

rt thp.

ln chit u tin chit hu ht cc cht tan c trong dch; mi hng, mt

s cht tan cn li c chit ln 2, lng cht tan c th khuch tn ra dch chit

rt thp v vy nhng ln chit sau gi tr cm quan v nng cht tan rt thp.

Kt lun: Chn s ln chit 2 ln.

Lng nc chit b sung trong 2 ln chit: 515 + 395 = 910 (ml)

Vy t l nc/ hoa Atiso: 910ml/ 10g.

3.1.6. Kt qu xc nh thi gian chit l Lc tin ty

Tin hnh th nghim nh trnh by mc 2.3.3.4 ta thu c kt qu bng

3.8, bng 4 (ph lc 4) v hnh 3.4

Bng 3.8. M t cht lng cm quan ca dch chit l Lc tin ty theo thi

gian chit

- 54 -

Mu

Thi

gian

(pht)

Mu Mi V Trng thi

1 5 Vng rm

Mi ca l

nhng t c

trng

Hi cht, ngt l d

ung Trong

2 8 Vng cnh

gin

c trng

ca l

V hi cht, ngt l

hi ha Trong

3 11 Vng cnh

gin

C mi hi

hc Hi chua, kh ung Hi c

4 14 Nu Mi hc

Cht, chua, v hi

ng gt cung

hng

c, c t

cn l lng

5 17 Nu Mi hc Cht, chua, ng gt

rt kh chu

c, cn l

lng nhiu

11.04

16.4 17.88

13.68

9.64

0.7

0.5

1.2

10.9

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

5 8 11 14 17

Thi gian (pht)

im cm

quan

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.3

Nng cht tan (Bx)

im cm quan Nng cht tan

- 55 -

Hnh 3.4. S thay i ca im cm quan v nng cht kh ca dch chit l

Lc tin ty theo thi gian chit

Tho lun: Da vo bng, hnh cho thy: Thi gian chit cng tng th mu

dch chit cng m, nng cht kh, v ng kh chu cng tng. Khi tin hnh

chit trong 5 pht mu v mi dch chit t im cm quan tt, tuy nhin c

c v c trng ca Lc tin ty cn tng thi gian chit. Nhng khi tng qu 11

pht th im cm quan v mu, mi, v bt u gim dn.

Trong qu trnh chit cc cht tan cn thit trong l khuch tn vo nc, khi

ta ko di thi gian chit cc h keo, cht ngcng s khuch tn vo dch lm

gim gi tr cm quan. Thi gian cng di th t l cht tan cng tng tuy nhin im

cm quan li gim mnh. V vy chn thi gian hp l nht chit.

Kt lun: Chn thi gian chit: 8 pht.

3.1.7. Kt qu xc nh s ln chit v t l nc/l Lc tin ty

Tin hnh th nghim nh trnh by mc 2.3.3.5, c nh thi gian chit l 8

pht, ta thu c kt qu bng 3.9, bng 5 (ph lc 4) v hnh 3.5

Bng 3.9. M t cht lng cm quan ca dch chit l Lc tin ty theo s ln

chit

Mu Ln

chit Mu Mi V

Trng

thi

1 1 (460) Vng cnh

gin

c trng

ca l Cht, ngt l d ung

Trong, c

t cn

2 2 (415) Vng rm Mi l t c

trng Hi cht, d ung

Trong

sng

3 3 (320) Vng nht Rt t mi V hi chua Trong

sng

- 56 -

4 4 (320) Vng rt

nht

Khng nhn

thy mi Khng nhn thy v

Trong,

rt sng

9.88

17.4 16.48

12.76

0.2

0.8

0.050.1

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1 2 3 4

S ln chit (ln)

im cm

quan

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Nng cht tan (Bx)

im cm quan Nng cht tan (Bx)

Hnh 3.5. S thay i im cm quan v nng cht tan ca dch chit l Lc

tin ty theo s ln chit

Tho lun: L Lc tin ty chit cng nhiu ln th mu sc, mi, v cng

gim dn. Chit ln 1 im cm quan cao nht 17.4, ln 2 mu sc gim tuy nhin v

, mi vn chp nhn c. Chit ti ln 3, 4 mu sc nht dn, v chuyn sang hi

chua v hm lng cht tan cn li rt thp.

Ln chit u tin chit ch yu cht tan trong dch, nhng ln chit sau ch

yu chit hng v cc cht tan cn li. Chit cng nhiu th lng cht tan trong

nguyn liu thu cng trit . ln chit th 3, 4 ta vn thu c lng cht tan

nhng t l rt thp m mi, v li gim nhiu, trong khi phi tn chi ph, nng

lng cho nhng ln chit ny gn bng vi 2 ln chit trc. Hiu qu kinh t

mang li khng cao, v vy la chn s ln chit khng nhng mang li cht lng

dch chit tt m cn phi hiu qu kinh t.

- 57 -

Kt lun: Chn s ln chit: 2 ln.

Lng nc b sung vo trong 2 ln chit: 460 + 415 = 875(ml)

Vy t l nc chit/ l Lc tin ty l 875(ml)/10(g).

3.1.8. Kt qu xc nh t l phi ch dch Atiso/ Lc tin ty

Tin hnh th nghim nh s hnh 2.6 ta thu c kt qu bng 3.10,

bng 6 (ph lc 4) v hnh 3.6

Bng 3.10. M t cht lng cm quan sn phm theo t l phi ch dch

Atiso/Lc tin ty

Mu T l

phi ch Mu Mi V

Trng

thi

1 4/6 Vng

cnh gin t c mi Atiso Hi chua Hi c

2 5/5 Vng

cnh gin

Thm Atiso, t mi

ca Lc tin ty

V cht nh, hi

chua

Trong

sng

3 6/4 Vng

cnh gin

Thm Atiso, t mi

ca Lc tin ty

V Atiso, Lc

tin ty hi ha

Trong

sng

4 7/3 Vng

cnh gin

Thm Atiso, t mi

ca Lc tin ty

V Atiso, Lc

tin ty c

trng, hi ha

Trong

sng

5 8/2 Vng

rm

Thm ca Atiso,

khng nhn thy

mi Lc tin ty

Ch nhn thy v

ca Atiso

Trong

sng

- 58 -

14.6416.32

16.1215.56 15.96

7

11

15

19

4/6 5/5 6/4 7/3 8/2

T l Atiso/Lc Tin Ty

im cm

quan

Hnh 3.6. S thay i im cm quan ca sn phm theo t l phi ch dch

Atiso/Lc tin ty

Tho lun: 5 t l phi ch khng c s khc bit r rng v mu sc, trng

thi, im cm quan gia cc t l phi ch cng khng khc nhau nhiu. C th

nh t l phi ch 4/5 v 5/5 th im cm quan l 15,6 v 15,8, hay t l 6/4 v 7/3

l 16,1 v 16,3. Khi t l phi ch cao nh t l 8 phn Atiso: 2 phn Lc tin ty th

mi thy mu sc v v thay i.

T l phi ch nh hng n s hi ha v mi, v ca 2 thnh phn. Lc tin

ty c trng v ngt l, hi cht, mi t hp dn; Atiso c mi thm, v cht nh,

hu v hi ngt. Khi cho t l Lc tin ty cao th v ca n s t i v Atiso, khi

sn phm s khng hp dn. Cn khi cho Atiso vi t l cao mu sc gim. Trong th

nghim ny tng im cm quan gia 2 t l 6/4 v 7/3 l tng ng nhau, nhng

nu xt v v th im cm quan c cao hn mt t, ngoi ra khi xt v gi mua 2

loi nguyn liu trn th t l 7/3 c li v mt kinh t hn.

Kt lun: Chn t l phi ch dch hoa Atiso/ l Lc tin ty: 7/3.

3.1.9. Kt qu xc nh t l axit citric so vi dch Atiso - Lc tin ty

Tin hnh th nghim nh s hnh 2.7 ta thu c kt qu bng 3.11,

bng 7 (ph lc 4) v hnh 3.7

- 59 -

Bng 3.11. M t cht lng cm quan sn phm theo t l axit citric b sung

Mu T l axit

citric (%) Mu Mi V Trng thi

1 0.02

Vng

cnh

gin

Thm Atiso, mt

ong, c mi Lc

tin ty

Khng nhn

thy v chua

Trong

sng,

rt t cn

2 0.03

Vng

cnh

gin

Thm hi ha

Atiso, mt ong, c

mi Lc tin ty

Hi chua,

khng hi ha

vi v cht,

ngt

Trong

sng,

rt t cn

3 0.04

Vng

cnh

gin

Thm hi ha ca

Atiso, mt ong, c

mi Lc tin ty

Chua, ngt,

cht hi ha

Trong

sng,

rt t cn

4 0.05

Vng

cnh

gin

Mi chua axit

khng hi ha vi

mi khc

V chua ln t

nhng v khc

Trong

sng,

rt t cn

5 0.06

Vng

cnh

gin

Mi chua axit

nng ln mi Qu chua

Trong

sng,

rt t cn

- 60 -

16.616.9216.815.56 15.88

7

10

13

16

19

0.02% 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06

T l axit citric b sung (%)

im cm

quan

Hnh 3.7. S thay i im cm quan sn phm theo t l axit citric b sung

Tho lun: T l axit citric b sung lm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm

nhng tng n mt mc no th im cm quan bt u gim dn. Khi tng t l

b sung 0.02% ln 0.04% th im cm quan tng t 15.88 ln ti 16,92 im.

Nhng tng tip 0.05% th im li bt u gim, v chua trong sn phm tng ln,

mi chua ca axit lm cm quan vin kh nhn thy mi thm ca Atiso hay mt

ong. Khi tng n 0.06% th im cm quan cn 14.7 im, sn phm chua gt.

B sung axit lm gim v cht, to v chua ngt hi ha cho sn phm, hp dn

ngi tiu dng. Nhng khi b sung t l qu cao s khng mang li tc dng nh

mun.

Kt lun: chn ti l axit citric b sung: 0.04%.

3.1.10. Kt qu xc nh t l mt ong so vi dch Atiso - Lc tin ty

Tin hnh th nghim nh s hnh 2.8 ta c kt qu bng 3.12, bng 8

(ph lc 4) v hnh 3.8

Bng 3.12. M t cht lng cm quan sn phm theo t l mt ong b sung

Mu T l mt

ong (%) Mu Mi V

Trng

thi

- 61 -

1 3 Vng

cnh gin

Khng nhn thy mi

mt ong

Sn phm

hi chua

Trong

sng

2 5 Vng

cnh gin

Thm ca mt ong t

hi ha vi nhng mi

khc

t nhn thy

v ngt

Trong,

sng

3 7 Vng

cnh gin

Thm nh mt ong hi

ha vi nhng mi

khc

Ngt, chua,

cht hi ha

Trong,

sng

4 9 Vng

cnh gin

Thm mt ong khng

hi ha vi nhng mi

khc

Hi ngt Trong, t

sng

5 11 Nu Mi thm mt ong t

nhng mi khc

Ngt, nhng

v khc kh

nhn thy

Hi c

16.615.4

17.08 16.44

13.2

7

10

13

16

19

3 5 7 9 11

T l mt ong b sung (%)

im cm

quan

Hnh 3.8. S thay i im cm quan theo t l mt ong b sung

Tho lun: Khi tng t l mt ong b sung t nhn thy s thay i mu sc

nhng trng thi v ngt th thay i r rt. B sung t l 3% v sn phm rt

- 62 -

nht, trng thi trong, cn 11% th v rt ngt, trng thi li c, b sung qu nhiu

hay qu t th im cm quan u thp. T l 7% im cm quan cao nht.

Dch chit hoa Atiso v l Lc tin ty u c v ngt, v vy ta ch cn b

sung mt t lng mt ong to v ngt va ung. Trong mt ong c cha ng

fructose, glucose, vitamin, khong cht rt tt cho c th. Tuy nhin cn b sung

lng hp l va tng gi tr cm quan va mang li li ch kinh t.

Kt lun: Chn t l mt ong b sung 7%.

3.1.11. Kt qu xc nh thi gian gi nhit trong qu trnh thanh trng

Tin hnh th nghim nh s hnh 2.9, mu mang i bo qun 2 tun v sau

tin hnh nh gi cm quan ta thu c kt qu bng 3.13, 3.14, bng 9 (ph

lc 4) v hnh 3.9

Bng 3.13. M t cm quan sn phm sau 2 tun bo qun theo cc thi gian gi

nhit khc nhau

Mu Thi gian gi

nhit (pht) nh gi cht lng

1 10

Trng thi mu sc, mi, v khng thay i nhiu. Nhng

khi quan st k thy mt trong l gn np c bm mt s

vt nm.

2 15

Trng thi v mi v sn phm hu nh khng thay i.

Khng xut hin nm mc, nm men hay du hiu ca s

h hng.

3 20

Trng thi v v khng thay i nhiu, nhng mu m

hn v c mi nu. Khng xut hin nm mc, nm men

hay du hiu ca s h hng.

- 63 -

Bng 3.14. Kt qu kim tra vi sinh i vi mu c thi gian gi nhit 15 pht

17.1617.0817.96

8

11

14

17

20

10 15 20

Thi gian gi nhit (pht)

im cm

quan

Hnh 3.9. S thay i im cm quan sn phm theo thi gian gi nhit khc

nhau

Stt Ch tiu n v

tnh

Phng php

kim

Quy

nh

Kt

qu

1 Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh Cfu/ml NS-EN ISO

6222 102 15

2 E. coli Cfu/ml NS 4792 0 KPH

3 Coliforms Cfu/ml NS 4788 10 10

4 Steptococcus faecalis Cfu/ml TCVN 5287/94 0 KPH

5 Tng bo t nm men nm

mc Cfu/ml ISO 7954 10 3

6 Clostridium perfringens Cfu/ml ISO 7937 0 KPH

- 64 -

Tho lun: Thi gian thanh trng tng th mu sc v v ca sn phm cng s

b thay i. Khi thanh trng thi gian 20 pht th mu sn phm m hn, v gim

i so vi ban u.

Thanh trng l mt cng on rt quan trng, em li s an ton cho ngi

tiu dng. Thi gian thanh trng phi di nhit truyn vo tm tiu dit vi sinh

vt, nhng nu qu di lm bin i mu, gim cht dinh dng trong sn phm.

Thi gian gi nhit 15 pht t yu cu v ch tiu vi sinh m vn khng lm thay

i mu sc ca sn phm.

Kt lun: Chn thi gian gi nhit trong qu trnh thanh trng l 15 pht.

- 65 -

3.2: xut quy trnh sn xut:

Hnh 3.10. Quy trnh sn xut hon thin nc gii kht t hoa Atiso l Lc

tin ty

Thuyt minh quy trnh

Hoa Atiso

Sao , h th

Chit

Lc th

Phi ch

Gia nhit

Rt chai, ghp np

Thanh trng

Bo qun

Bo n

L Lc tin ty

Chit

Lc th

Axit citric: 0.04% Mt ong: 7%

Lc tinh

Nc

B B

Nc

B

t: 160C thi gian: 4 pht

+ Thi gian: 20 pht + S ln: 2 + Nc/Atiso: 910ml/10g

+ Thi gian: 8 pht + S ln: 2 + Nc/Lc tin

ty: 875ml/10g

10-15-15

100C

- 66 -

1. Chun b dch chit:

a. Chun b dch chit Atiso:

+ Sao, h th:

- Mc ch: Qu trnh sao lm gim hm lng m trong hoa Atiso to thun

li cho qu trnh chit, tiu dit mt phn vi sinh vt trong sn phm. Mc ch

chnh l to thun li cho cc phn ng gip ln hng cho sn phm, loi b mi

tp. Sau sao qu trnh h th gip cn bng m cho Atiso, trnh hin tng gin,

gy ca nguyn liu lm cho nc chit b c.

- Tin hnh: Hoa Atiso sau khi mua v ct nh, cho sao c nng n nhit

160C, sao trong 4 pht, trong qu trnh sao lun gi nhit cho 160C. Sau

sao h th khong 15 pht.

+ Trch ly:

- Mc ch: Tch chit cc cht tan, hng c trong hoa Atiso vo trong nc

pha.

- Tin hnh: Cho nc vo ni inox c np y kn, un n nhit t

khong 95-100C th cho hoa Atiso vo v tin hnh chit trong 20 pht. Trong qu

trnh chit ta lun gi nhit trong khong 95-100C, y l khong nhit thch

hp cho cht Cynarin - cht c tc dng dc l tt trong Atiso tan tt. Sau khi

chit xong ln 1 ta phn dch vo cha, b sung nc chit tip ln 2 trong

thi gian 20 pht, tnh thi gian chit t lc nhit nc t khong 95-100C.

Ln chit ny mc ch tch hng l chnh.

+ Lc th: Dng vi lc lc hn hp dch Atiso tch mt s xc b v

cn cn li trong dch chit. Qu trnh ny phi tin hnh nhanh trnh nhim vi

sinh vt t mi trng vo dch.

b. Chun b dch chit Lc tin ty:

+ Trch ly: Cho nc vo ni inox c np y kn tin hnh un nng n

nhit khong 95-100C th cho Lc tin ty vo chit trong 8 pht. Trong khong

thi gian ny ta duy tr nhit nh trn. Sau khi chit thi gian th dch ra v

- 67 -

cho nc vo tip tc chit trong 8 pht, tnh thi gian chit t lc nhit nc t

khong 95-100C.

+ Lc th: Lc dch chit bng vi lc tch phn b v cht tan cn li

trong dch, m bo cht lng dch chit.

b. Phi ch:

- Mc ch: To mi, v hi ha cho sn phm, tng thi gian bo qun.

- Tin hnh: Dch chit sau khi chun b c phi ch theo t l dch Atiso/

Lc tin ty l 7/3, sau em gia nhit n khong 50-60C ri cho axit citric t l

0.04%, mt ong t l 7% vo khuy u cho tan ri mang i lc tinh.

c. Lc tinh:

- Mc ch: Lai b cn nh trong dch chit v cn trong axit citric hoc mt

ong nu c, to trong cho sn phm.

- Tin hnh: Dch sau phi ch c lc nhanh v lc 2 ln bng vi lc nhiu

lp c mt lp bng lc trn cng.

d. Gia nhit, bi kh:

- Mc ch: Tiu dit vi sinh vt m bo an ton cho ngi tiu dng tng

thi gian bo qun.

- Tin hnh: Nng nhit dch chit n nhit 75-80C trong khong 2-3

pht sau rt chai, ghp np tht nhanh.

e. Rt chai, ghp np:

- Mc ch: To thun li cho qu trnh phn phi v tiu dng, gip sn phm

cch ly vi iu kin c hi ca mi trng.

- Tin hnh: Chai thy tinh 240ml c ra sch v em i thanh trng, np

ra sch ro. Dch sau gia nhit c rt nhanh vo chai, lng dch rt vo m

bo cha khong khng nh chai khong 8%, khong 1.5- 2mm sau em i

ng np cng nhanh cng tt.

g. Thanh trng, lm ngui:

- Mc ch: Tiu dit vi sinh vt gy h hng cho sn phm, m bo an ton

cho ngi tiu dng.

- 68 -

- Tin hnh: Sau ghp np cho sn phm vo ni thanh trng v tin hnh

thanh trng. Nng nhit trong ni n nhit si, thi gian ny 10 pht, t khi

nc si ta bt u tnh thi gian gi nhit l 15 pht. Sau em i lm ngui

di vi nc chy, trong lc lm ngui ch cho vi nc chy chm, lm ngui

t t, khng c xi nc trc tip vo chai lm thay i nhit t ngt d dn

ti v chai. Lm ngui chai n khong nhit 35 - 40C th chai c lau kh

sau mang i dn nhn, bo n.

Cng thc thanh trng:

h. Dn nhn, bo n:

- Mc ch: Dn nhn lm tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm ng thi cung

cp thng tin cho ngi tiu dng. Qu trnh bo n nhm n nh cc thnh phn

trong nc ung, loi b nhng sn phm h hng, m bo an ton cho ngi tiu

dng trc khi phn phi ra th trng.

- Tin hnh: Sn phm sau lm ngui c lau kh, dn nhn v a i bo n

trong khong 10 15 ngy nhit thng trong iu kin kh ro, thong mt.

3.3. Kt qu sn xut th theo quy trnh tm c

3.3.1. nh gi cht lng sn phm

Sau khi nghin cu quy trnh sn xut tin hnh sn xut th nghim, bo n

trong 2 tun v tin hnh nh gi cm quan sn phm theo TCVN 3215-79.

Kt qu c trnh by trong bng 3.15, 3.16, 3.17

Bng 3.15. im cm quan ca sn phm nc ung ng chai t hoa Atiso l

Lc tin ty

im cc kim nghim vin Ch tiu

1 2 3 4 5 TB HSQT CTL

Mu 5 5 4 5 4 4.6 1.2 5.52

Mi 4 5 4 5 4 4.4 1 4.4

V 4 5 4 4 4 4.2 1 4.2

10 15 15 100C

- 69 -

Trng thi 5 4 5 5 5 4.8 0.8 3.84

Tng: 17.96

Nhn xt: Da vo bng quy nh phn cp cht lng thc phm theo TCVN

3215-79 sn phm t loi kh. Sau 2 tun bo qun cht lng sn phm vn tt,

trng thi trong sng, mu vng cnh gin c trng, mi thm, v chua, ngt hi

ha. Nhn c s hi lng ca cc kim quan vin.

Bng 3.16. Kt qu xc nh ch tiu ha l ca sn phm

Tn ch tiu Hm lng

Hm lng cht kh (Bx) 4.5

pH 4.1

Bng 3.17. Kt qu kim tra vi sinh vt ca sn phm

Stt Ch tiu n v

tnh Phng php kim

Quy

nh

Kt

qu

1 Tng s vi sinh vt hiu

kh Cfu/ml NS-EN ISO 6222 102 15

2 E. coli Cfu/ml NS 4792 0 KPH

3 Coliforms Cfu/ml NS 4788 10 10

4 Steptococcus faecalis Cfu/ml TCVN 5287/94 0 KPH

5 Tng bo t nm men

nm mc Cfu/ml ISO 7954 10 3

6 Clostridium perfringens Cfu/ml ISO 7937 0 KPH

3.3.2. Chi ph nguyn vt liu cho mt sn phm

- 70 -

Bng 3.18. Chi ph nguyn vt liu sn xut 100 chai nc ung t hoa Atiso l

Lc tin ty dung tch 240ml/chai

Nguyn liu Lng dng

(kg)

S lng

(chic) n gi

Thnh tin

(vn)

Atiso 0.233 120.000 (/kg) 27.960

Lc tin ty 0.098 200.000 (/kg) 19.600

Axit citric 0.01 260.000 (/kg) 2.600

Mt ong 1.764 120.000 (/kg) 216.680

Chai 105 1.000 (/chai) 105.000

Np 105 100 (/np) 10.500

Tng tin 382.340

T bng ta tnh c gi thnh mt chai nc ung dung tch 240ml l 3.824

vn. Chi ph ny cha bao gm chi ph nhn cng, in nc, nhn

- 71 -

Hnh 3.11. Sn phm nc ung ng chai t hoa Atiso-l Lc tin ty

- 72 -

KT LUN V XUT KIN 1. Kt lun

Sau qu trnh nghin cu ti phng th nghim ti hon thnh ti vi cc

kt qu nh sau:

- xut c quy trnh sn xut nc ung ng chai t hoa Atiso l Lc

tin ty vi cc thng s:

+ Ch sao hoa Atiso: nhit 160C trong thi gian 4 pht.

+ Ch chit dch Atiso: Thi gian chit : 20 pht,

S ln chit: 2,

T l nc/ hoa Atiso: 910ml/ 10g.

+ Ch chit dch Lc tin ty: Thi gian chit : 8 pht,

S ln chit: 2,

T l nc/ l Lc tin ty: 875ml/ 10g.

+ T l phi ch: T l dch Atiso/dch Lc tin ty: 7/3,

T l axit citric b sung: 0.04% so vi dch,

T l mt ong b sung: 7% so vi dch.

+ Cng thc thanh trng :

- Xc nh c mt s thng s ca nguyn liu:

+ Hm lng m ca Atiso:15.29%

+ Hm lng tro ton phn ca hoa Atiso:5.19%

+ Hm lng m ca l Lc tin ty: 16.27%

+ Hm lng tro ton phn ca l Lc tin ty: 7.39%

- Tnh s b chi ph nguyn liu cho 1 chai sn phm l 3.824 vn/ chai.

2. xut kin

ti c tin hnh trong thi gian ngn, hn ch v kinh ph, thit b nn

vn cha tin hnh nh gi s bin i cht lng sn phm khi bo qun trong

thi gian di, cha iu tra th hiu ngi tiu dng.

10 - 15 - 15 100C

- 73 -

Sn phm rt c li cho sc khe v vy nu mun sn xut trn quy m cng

nghip cn nghin cu tip nhng vn sau:

+ Nghin cu cng ngh ng chai nha tin li trong qu trnh s dng.

+ Nghin cu ng i dch kn, sao cho dch chit Atiso, Lc tin ty t lc

chit n lc vo chai tht thot hng l thp nht.

+ Nghin cu ch sy l Lc tin ty. Trong ti mua l Lc tin ty sy

kh vi gi kh cao, trong khi ngoi thc t l Lc tin ty rt t c s dng. Nu

nghin cu ch sy l Lc tin ty gi thnh sn phm s gim rt nhiu, ngoi ra

cn ch ng c nguyn liu sn xut lu di.

+ Nghin cu b sung cc loi tho dc c tnh ngt tt cho sc khe nh c

ngtNh vy c th thay th hoc gim t l mt ong b sung, khi gi thnh

sn phm gim nhiu m vn m bo c li cho sc khe ngi tiu dng.

- 74 -

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Nguyn Trng Cn, Nguyn L H (2001), Nguyn l sn xut hp thc

phm, nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni.

2. Phm Th Mai Cc (2009), Nghin cu xut quy trnh sn xut th nghim tr

Atiso La hn qu, n tt nghip i hc, Trng i hc Nha Trang.

3. ng Vn Hp, Minh Phng, Nguyn Thun Anh, V Ngc Bi (2005),

Phn tch kim nghim thc phm thy sn, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut,

H Ni.

4. V Th Th (2008), Nghin cu xut quy trnh sn xut th nghim mt hng

tr vi ng chai, n tt nghip i hc, Trng i hc Nha Trang.

5. H Duyn T (2006), K thut phn tch cm quan , Nh xut bn Khoa hc K

thut, H Ni.

6. L Bch Tuyt (2003), Cc qu trnh cng ngh c bn trong sn xut thc

phm, Nh xut bn Gio dc.

7. http://www.thanhnien.com.vn/pages/20120111/nuoc-uong-tu-thao-moc-xu-

huong-tieu-dung-moi.aspx

8. http://www.baotintuc.vn/145N20120228235908073T128/nganh-do-uong-viet-

nam-chu-trong-xay-dung-uy-tin-thuong-hieu.htm

9. http://www.tradevuong.com/nhung-ich-loi-khi-uong-tra-thao-duoc-thuc-pham-

chuc-nang.tdv

10. http://nld.com.vn/188219p0c1014/loan-tra-thao-duoc.htm

11. http://www.hiemmuon.vn/mang-thai/an-toan-cho-ba-bau-khi-uong-tra

12. http://duhoc.dantri.com.vn/c7/s7-224804/loi-ich-cua-tra-thao-moc.htm

13. http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atis%C3%B4

14. http://dep.com.vn/Suc-khoe/Atiso-Thuoc-bo-gan-mat-mot-loai-rau-

ngon/10338.dep

15. http://www.petrotimes.vn/xa-hoi/song-khoe/2012/05/nhung-cay-co-bao-ve-gan

16. http://www.vietaz.com.vn/store/4306/about.htm

- 75 -

17.http://moj.gov.vn/vbpq/Lists/Vn%20bn%20php%20lut/View_Detail.aspx?ItemI

D=20783

18.http://www.skhcndaklak.gov.vn/Tintc/Lnhvckhc/tabid/136/ChannelId/3/Ite

mId/443/Defaul

19. http://www.tvvn.org/forum/content.php/1149-L%E1%BA%A1c-Ti%C3%AAn-

T%C3%A2y-(Passionflower)-Tr%E1%BA%A7n-Vi%E1%BB%87t-H%C6%B0ng

20.http://www.flickr.com/photos/phuonglovejesus2782010/sets/7215762710553911

7/

21. http://dulich.chudu24.com/tin-tuc-moi/12840/nuoc-chanh-leo-anh-huong-den-

duong-con-cai.html

22. http://www.tvvn.org/forum/content.php/1087-Re-Tr%C3%A1i-M%C3%A1t-

M%C3%A1t-hay-Chanh-D%C3%A2y

23. http://www.kinhtenongthon.com.vn/Story/khoahoccn/2010/4/227

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