Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn
Nhp mn Cng ngh phn mm
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Ni dung
Phn mm
Cng ngh phn mm
Quy trnh phn mm
Cng ngh phn mm v Web
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Ni dung
Phn mm
Cng ngh phn mm
Quy trnh phn mm
Cng ngh phn mm v Web
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Phn mm
vnh ngha vVai tr vPhn loi vTiu ch ca mt phn mm tt
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Phn mm l g?
vPhn mm khc vi chng trnh nh th no?
vPhn mm bao gm cc chng trnh my tnh v ti liu lin quan.
vPhn mm lun gn vi mt h thng c th.
vCc sn phm phn mm c th c pht trin cho mt khch hng c th hoc c pht trin cho th trng chung.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Vai tr phn mm
vPhn mm thng gp trong cuc sng hng ngy?
vH thng no c iu khin bi phn mm?
vPhn mm tc ng n nhng lnh vc no?
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Phn mm Vai tr
vnh hng gn nh tt c cc kha cnh ca cuc sng.
vNgy cng nhiu h thng c iu khin bng phn mm.
vnh hng n kinh t ca cc quc gia Nn kinh t ca cc nc pht trin u ph
thuc vo phn mm. Chi ph cho phn mm chim mt t l quan
trng trong GNP ca tt c cc nc pht trin.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Phn loi sn phm phn mm
vSn phm dng chung (Generic products) Nhng h thng c lp c cho bn trn th trng v
bt c ai cng c th mua chng. V d: cc c s d liu, x l vn bn (Microsoft Office),
cc cng c v (Corel Draw, Photoshop), nhng cng c qun tr d n.
vSn phm t hng (Customized products) Phn mm c pht trin cho mt khch hng c th p ng nhu cu ca h.
V d: h thng iu khin nhng, phn mm iu khin khng lu, h thng iu khin giao thng.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
im khc nhau
vSn phm dng chung Ngi pht trin h thng iu khin c t ca
h thng. S thay i phn mm l do ngi pht trin quyt nh v thc hin.
vSn phm t hng c t v nhng g phn mm phi c l do
khch hng quyt nh. Quyt nh v s thay i phn mm l do khch hng yu cu.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Tiu ch ca mt phn mm tt
vTnh bo tr c (Maintainability) Phn mm phi ci tin c p ng nhng thay i v nhu cu ca khch hng.
vTnh tin cy c (Dependability and security) Tnh tin cy ca phn mm gm cc c tnh: tin
cy, an ton v bo mt. vTnh hiu qu (Efficiency)
Phn mm khng nn s dng lng ph cc ti nguyn h thng.
vTnh chp nhn c (Acceptability) Phn mm phi c chp nhn bi ngi s dng.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Ni dung
Phn mm
Cng ngh phn mm
Quy trnh phn mm
Cng ngh phn mm v Web
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
K s phn mm s dng thi gian nh th no?
vCc k s phn mm c th ch dnh t hn 10% thi gian cho vic vit code.
v90% thi gian cn li dnh cho cc hot ng khc quan trng hn. Nhng hot ng ny gm: 1. Thu thp yu cu. 2. Phn tch yu cu. 3. Vit ti liu yu cu phn mm. 4. Xy dng v phn tch nguyn bn (prototype). 5. Pht trin thit k phn mm. 6. Vit ti liu thit k phn mm.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
6. Nghin cu cc k thut CNPM hay tm hiu v thng tin v min ng dng.
7. Pht trin test cases. 8. Hc cch s dng hay ci t v cu hnh cc cng c
phn cng v phn mm mi. 9. Vit ti liu, chng hn nh hng dn s dng. 10.Gp g ng nghip, khch hng v cp trn. 11. v.v. y ch l mt phn danh sch cc hot ng ca
CNPM!
13 [Phillip A. Laplante,2007]
Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Mt s cu hi thng gp
1. Cng ngh phn mm l g? 2. Nhng hot ng c bn (activities) ca CNPM? 3. S khc nhau gia CNPM v khoa hc my tnh (computer
science)? 4. S khc nhau gia CNPM v cng ngh h thng (system
engineering)? 5. Nhng th thch chnh m cng ngh phn mm phi i
mt? 6. Chi ph ca CNPM? 7. K thut v phng php CNPM tt nht? 8. Quy trnh phn mm (software process) l g?
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Lch s v Cng ngh phn mm
vCng ngh phn mm (CNPM)/K ngh phn mm (Software Engineering).
vThut ng Cng ngh phn mm c a ra ti hi ngh do NATO t chc vo nm 1968 tho lun v vn khng hong phn mm (software crisis).
vKhng hong phn mm Khi nim c a ra ch nhng kh khn gp phi trong
qu trnh pht trin nhng d n ln, phc tp vo nhng nm 1960.
vVic p dng mt phng php cng ngh vo vic pht trin phn mm s Gim chi ph pht trin phn mm To ra c phn mm c tin cy cao hn.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Cng ngh phn mm l g?
vCng ngh phn mm l mt lnh vc cng ngh lin quan n tt c cc kha cnh ca vic sn xut phn mm t giai on c t h thng n giai on bo tr h thng sau khi n c a vo s dng S dng cc l thuyt v phng php hp l gii
quyt cc vn sao cho vn m bo c cc rng buc v mt ti chnh v t chc.
Khng ch l quy trnh v mt k thut m gm c vic qun tr d n v cc phng php, cng c pht trin h tr cho vic sn xut phn mm.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Chi ph phn mm
vChi ph phn mm thng chim phn ln chi ph cho h thng my tnh. Chi ph cho phn mm trn mt PC thng ln hn chi ph phn cng.
vChi ph bo tr phn mm thng ln hn chi ph pht trin phn mm.
vCng ngh phn mm lin quan n vic pht trin phn mm hiu qu v mt chi ph.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
[Roger Pressman, 2009]
Cng ngh phn tng (Layered Technology)
Software Engineering
a quality focus
process model
methods
tools
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
CNPM v khoa hc my tnh
vKhoa hc my tnh (computer science) tp trung vo l thuyt v nn tng.
vCNPM lin quan n nhng thc tin ca vic pht trin v phn phi sn phm phn mm.
Computer Science
Software Engineering 19
Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
CNPM v cng ngh h thng
vCng ngh h thng (system engineering) gm tt c cc kha cnh ca vic pht trin cc h thng my tnh bao gm c phn cng, phn mm v quy trnh.
vCNPM l mt phn ca quy trnh chung ..
System engineering Software engineering
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Chi ph cho CNPM?
vKhong 60% chi ph phn mm l chi ph pht trin phn mm, 40% l chi ph dnh cho kim th phn mm.
vi vi phn mm t hng, chi ph ci tin phn mm ln hn chi ph sn xut phn mm.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
K thut v phng php CNPM tt nht?
vTt c cc d n phn mm u phi c qun l v pht trin mt cch chuyn nghip.
vCc k thut v phng php khc nhau ph hp vi cc loi h thng khc nhau.
Khng c phng php no tt nht!
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
The Ariane launcher accident
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Tm quan trng ca CNPM
vNgy cng nhiu cc nhn v t chc s dng cc h thng phn mm phc tp. Thm vo , nhu cu v phn mm thay i nhanh chng Cn to ra nhng h thng ng tin cy nhanh v hiu
qu v chi ph. vThng thng, sn xut phn mm s dng
cc k thut v phng php CNPM s r hn l vit mt phn mm theo kiu mt d n phn mm c nhn.
vi vi a s cc loi h thng, phn ln chi ph l dnh cho vic thay i phn mm sau khi n c a vo s dng.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Ni dung
Phn mm
Cng ngh phn mm
Quy trnh phn mm
Cng ngh phn mm v Web
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Quy trnh phn mm l g?
vMt chui cc hot ng to ra mt sn phm phn mm.
vC 4 hot ng c bn chung nht cho tt c cc quy trnh phn mm.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Cc hot ng quy trnh phn mm
vc t (Software specification) nh ngha phn mm s sn xut v cc rng buc v
mt chc nng ca phn mm. vPht trin (Software development)
Phn mm c thit k v lp trnh. vThm nh (Software validation)
Phn mm c kim tra m bo l n p ng c yu cu ngi dng.
vCi tin (Software evolution) Phn mm c thay i p ng c s thay i
yu cu ca ngi dng v yu cu ca th trng. 27
Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Nhng th thch chnh
vTnh khng ng nht Cng ngy, cc h thng cng c yu cu nh mt
h phn tn qua mng bao gm nhiu loi thit b di ng v my tnh.
vS thay i ca x hi v thng mi X hi v thng mi khng ngng thay i v kinh t
pht trin v cng ngh mi ra i. Chnh v vy, vic thay i nhng phn mm c sn v pht trin nhng phn mm mi mt cch nhanh chng l cn thit.
vBo mt v tin cy V phn mm lin quan n tt c cc mt ca i sng.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Tnh a dng ca CNPM
vC nhiu loi h thng phn mm. vKhng c nhng k thut no ph hp
vi tt c cc loi h thng phn mm trn.
vVic s dng cc cng c v phng php CNPM ph thuc vo loi ng dng c pht trin, yu cu ca khch hng v k nng ca i ng pht trin phn mm.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Cc loi ng dng
vng dng c lp Nhng h thng ng dng chy trn my tnh cc b
nh PC. Nhng h thng ny gm tt c nhng tnh nng cn thit v khng cn kt ni mng.
vng dng da vo giao dch tng tc Nhng ng dng chy trn mt my tnh t xa v c
truy cp bi ngi dng t my tnh ca h. V d: ng dng e-commerce.
vng dng iu khin nhng Nhng h thng s dng phn mm iu khin v
qun l cc thit b phn cng.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Cc loi ng dng
vH thng x l khi H thng c thit k x l d liu trong nhng
khi ln (batch). Nhng h thng ny x l mt s lng ln d liu u vo n l v to ra u ra tng ng.
vH thng gii tr Nhng h thng phc v cho vic gii tr ca ngi
dng. vH thng m phng v m hnh ha
Nhng h thng c pht trin bi cc k s v cc nh khoa hc m phng cc quy trnh vt l, gm nhiu i tng ri rc hay tng tc vi nhau.
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Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM
Cc loi ng d
