Tanzania Organic Agriculture Movement

NINAWEZAJE KUDHIBITI WADUDU WAHARIBIFU NA MAGONJWA KWA NJIA ASILIA?

2

Je, ninahitaji kujua kitu gani?

Wakulima huwachukulia viumbe vinavyopunguza mavuno kuwa ni wadudu waharibifu na magonjwa. Wadudu, ndege au wanyama wengine huchukuliwa ŬĂŵĂ ǁĂĚƵĚƵ ǁĂŚĂƌŝĨƵ ǁĂŬĂƟ ǁŽǁŽƚĞ ƵůĞ ǁĂŶĂƉŽƐĂďĂďŝƐŚĂ ƵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵ ǁĂŵĂnjĂŽĂƵŬǁĂŵĂǀƵŶŽLJĂůŝLJŽŚŝĨĂĚŚŝǁĂŬǁĞŶLJĞŐŚĂůĂ&ĂŶŐĂƐŝďĂŬƚĞƌŝĂŶĂǀŝƌƵƐŝŚƵƚĂŵďƵůŝŬĂ ŬĂŵĂ ŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂ ǁĂŶĂƉŽŝŶŐŝůŝĂ ĂƵ ŬƵďĂĚŝůŝ ƐŚƵŐŚƵůŝ ŵƵŚŝŵƵ njĂƵŬƵĂũŝǁĂŵŝŵĞĂĂƵŵĂǀƵŶŽLJĂůŝLJŽŚŝĨĂĚŚŝǁĂ >ĂŬŝŶŝ ŬŝŵƐŝŶŐŝ ǀŝũŝĚƵĚƵǀLJŽƚĞŶŝƐĞŚĞŵƵLJĂŵĨƵŵŽĂƐŝůŝĂďŝůĂŬƵũĂůŝǁĂŶĂĨĂŶLJĂŶŝŶŝŶĂǁĂŶĂƐƚĂŚŝůŝƚƵǁĂŚĞƐŚŝŵƵ

Uharibu unaotokana na wadudu ŬǁĂ ŬĂǁĂŝĚĂ ŚƵƐĂďĂďŝƐŚǁĂ ŶĂ ǁĂĚƵĚƵƵŬƵƌƵƚƵŵŝŶLJŽŽŶĂǁĂŶLJĂŵĂĂŝŶĂLJĂŵĂŵĂůŝĂ

Uharibifu wa wadudu ŬǁĂ ŬĂǁĂŝĚĂ Ŷŝ ƌĂŚŝƐŝ ŬƵƵƚĂŵďƵĂ DĂũĂŶŝ LJĞŶLJĞŵĂƚƵŶĚƵ ĂƵ ƐĞŚĞŵƵ njŝŶĂnjŽŬŽƐĞŬĂŶĂ Ŷŝ ƵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵ ƵŶĂŽƐĂďĂďŝƐŚǁĂ ŶĂ ǀŝǁĂǀŝĂƵ ǁĂĚƵĚƵ ǁĂŶĂŽƚŽďŽĂ ŶĂĨĂŬĂ ŵĂũĂŶŝ LJĂůŝLJŽũŝŬƵŶũĂ LJĂŶĂƐĂďĂďŝƐŚǁĂ ŶĂǁĂĚƵĚƵ ǁĂŶĂŽŶLJŽŶLJĂ ƵƚŽŵǀƵ ŵĂƚƵŶĚĂ LJĂůŝLJŽŚĂƌŝďŝǁĂ ĂƵ ŬƵŽnjĂ Ŷŝ ŬĂǁĂŝĚĂďĂĂĚĂLJĂŬƵůŝǁĂŶĂǀŝǁĂǀŝǁĂŝŶnjŝǁĂŵĂƚƵŶĚĂDŝŵĞĂŝŶĂLJŽŬĂƵŬĂŝŶĂǁĞnjĂƉŝĂŬƵƐĂďĂďŝƐŚǁĂŶĂǀŝǁĂǀŝĂƵǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂŶĂŽƚŽďŽĂŵĂƐŚŝŶĂŶĂŵĂƚĂǁŝĂƵŵĂƚŽŬĞŽLJĂŬƵƐŚĂŵďƵůŝǁĂŶĂǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂŶĂŽŬƵůĂŵďĂŽ

Ukurutu ŶŝǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂĚŽŐŽ ƐĂŶĂ ĂŵďĂŽ ŚĂǁĂŽŶĞŬĂŶŝ ŬǁĂŵĂĐŚŽ ƵŝďƵŝŚĂƚĂŚŝǀLJŽŚƵƐƵŬĂƵƚĂŶĚŽǁĂŬĞŬĂƟŬĂƐĞŚĞŵƵnjĂŵŵĞĂůŝLJŽŚĂƌŝďŝǁĂĂŵďĂLJŽŶŝƌĂŚŝƐŝŬƵŐƵŶĚƵĂDŝŵĞĂŝůŝLJŽĂƚŚŝƌŝŬĂŚƵŐĞƵŬĂŶũĂŶŽ

MinyooŶĂLJŽŶŝŵŝĚŽŐŽŶĂƐŝƌĂŚŝƐŝŬƵŝŽŶĂŬǁĂŵĂĐŚŽDĂƌĂŶLJŝŶŐŝŵŝŶLJŽŽŚƵƐŚĂŵďƵůŝĂ ŵŝnjŝnjŝ LJĂ ŵŝŵĞĂ ŶĂ ŬƵƐĂďĂďŝƐŚĂ ŵŝŵĞĂ ŬƵǁĂ LJĂ ŶũĂŶŽ ĂŵďĂLJŽŚƵƉƵŬƵƟŬĂŶĂŬƵĨĂ

Wanyama jamii ya mamalia ŬĂŵĂ ǀŝůĞ ƚĞŵďŽ ŶLJĂŶŝ ĂƵ ĨƵŬŽ ŶĚĞŐĞ ŬĂŵĂmbayuwayu na kunguru pia wanaweza kuharibu mimea.

:ĞƵŶĂũƵĂŶŝǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂĂŝŶĂŐĂŶŝǁĂŶĂŽƐĂďĂďŝƐŚĂƵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵŬĂƟŬĂƐŚĂŵďĂůĂŬŽEŝĂŝŶĂŐĂŶŝLJĂƵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵƵŶĂƐĂďĂďŝƐŚǁĂŶĂǁĂĚƵĚƵƵŬƵƌƵƚƵŵŝŶLJŽŽŶĂǁĂŶLJĂŵĂũĂŵŝŝLJĂŵĂŵĂůŝĂ

Ni muhimu kujua ŶŝǀŝŵĞůĞĂŐĂŶŝǀŝŶĂƐĂďĂďŝƐŚĂƵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵƐŚĂŵďĂŶŝhƚĂŵďƵnjŝƐĂŚŝŚŝǁĂŬŝŵĞůĞĂŶŝŚĂƚƵĂLJĂŬǁĂŶnjĂŬĂƟŬĂƵĚŚŝďŝƟĂƚŚŝƌŝĨƵǁĂǁĂĚƵĚƵwaharibifu na magonjwa.

3

Inzi weupe

Kutoboa shina

Minyoo

Kiwavi

Ukurutu

4

Magonjwa mengi ya mimea LJĂŶĂƐĂďĂďŝƐŚǁĂŶĂĨĂŶŐĂƐŝďĂŬƚĞƌŝĂĂƵǀŝƌƵƐŝ

Fangasi ŚƵƐĂďĂďŝƐŚĂ ŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂ ŵĞŶŐŝ LJĂ ŬƵĂŵďƵŬŝnjĂ LJĂ ŵŝŵĞĂ &ĂŶŐĂƐŝnjŝŶĂŚƵƐŝŬĂŬĂƟŬĂŵŝŵĞĂŬƵǁĂŶĂǀŝĚŽƟǀŝĚŽŶĚĂŬƵŬĂƵŬĂŬƵƉƵŬƵƟŬĂŵĂŐĂŵďĂŶĂ ŬƵŽnjĂ ŬĂƟŬĂ ƐĞŚĞŵƵ ŵďĂůŝŵďĂůŝ njĂ ŵŵĞĂ &ĂŶŐĂƐŝ njŝŶĂǁĞnjĂ ŬƵƐĂďĂďŝƐŚĂƐĞŚĞŵƵnjĂŵŵĞĂĂƵŵŵĞĂŵnjŝŵĂŬƵƉƵŬƵƟŬĂŶĂŬƵĨĂ

Maambukizi ya bakteriaŚƵƐĂďĂďŝƐŚĂŬƵƚĂnjĂƐĞůŝnjĂŵŝŵĞĂŬƵǀƵŶũŝŬĂŚŝǀLJŽŵŵĞĂ ŚƵĂŶnjĂ ŬƵĨĂ dŝƐŚƵ njĂŵŵĞĂ njŝůŝnjŽŚĂƌŝďŝŬĂ ĂƵ ŬƵnjƵŝĂŵĂũŝ LJĂƐŝŶLJŽŶLJǁĞŚƵƐĂďĂďŝƐŚĂ ŬŝĨŽ ĐŚĂ ŚĂƌĂŬĂ ĐŚĂ ŵŵĞĂ ƟƐŚƵ njĂ ŵŵĞĂ ŬƵŬƵĂ ŚĂƌĂŬĂ ŶĂŬƵƐĂďĂďŝƐŚĂƵǀŝŵďĞ

Virusi ŬǁĂŬĂǁĂŝĚĂŚƵƐĂďĂďŝƐŚĂŵĂũĂŶŝŶĂƐĞŚĞŵƵŶLJŝŶŐŝŶĞnjĂŬŝũĂŶŝŬĂƟŬĂŵŵĞĂ ŬƵďĂĚŝůŝŬĂ ƌĂŶŐŝ ZĂŶŐŝ LJĂ ŬŝũĂŶŝ ŝůŝLJŽƉĂƵŬĂ ĂƵŵĂďĂŬĂ LJĂŶũĂŶŽ LJĂ ƐĂŝnjŝŵďĂůŝŵďĂůŝŚƵƚŽŬĞĂŬĂƟŬĂŵĂũĂŶŝLJĂůŝLJŽĂƚŚŝƌŝŬĂŶĂŬƵƐĂďĂďŝƐŚĂŬƵƉƵŶŐƵĂŬǁĂjumla kwa ukuaji na afya ya mmea.

Je, unajuaŶŝǀŝŵĞůĞĂŐĂŶŝŚƵƐĂďĂďŝ-ƐŚĂƵŐŽŶũǁĂŬǁĞŶLJĞŵĂnjĂŽLJĂŬŽEŝĂŝŶĂŐĂŶŝLJĂƵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵƵŶĂƐĂďĂďŝƐŚǁĂŶĂĨĂŶŐĂƐŝďĂŬƚĞƌŝĂŶĂǀŝƌƵƐŝ

5

Kuoza kutokana na

fangasi

Mabaka yatokanayo na

kushambuliwa na virusi

Baka kutokana na

maambuzi ya fangasi

Mabaka yatokanayo na

kuambukizwa bakteria

Kunyauka

kutokana na

kushambuliwa

na fangasi

6

Tabia ya mdudu mharibifu: > EŝŚĂƚƵĂŐĂŶŝLJĂĚƵĂƌĂůĂŵĂŝƐŚĂLJĂ

kimelea kinakuwa mdudu mharibifu mharibifu: ni pale akiwa kiluwiluwi, kiwavi, au mdudu mharibifu aliye komaa.

> EŝŚĂƚƵĂŐĂŶŝLJĂŵŵĞĂŵĚƵĚƵŵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵŚƵƐŚĂŵďƵůŝĂŵĐŚĞmmea unaokuwa au mmea uliokomaa.

> EŝƐĞŚĞŵƵŐĂŶŝLJĂŵŵĞĂŵĚƵĚƵŵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵŚƵƐŚĂŵďƵůŝĂŵĂũĂŶŝƐŚŝŶĂŵĂƚƵŶĚĂŵďĞŐƵĂƵŵŵĞĂmzima.

> :ĞŵĚƵĚƵŵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵĂŶĂƐĂďĂďŝƐŚĂƵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵǁĂĂŝŶĂŐĂŶŝŬƵƚĂĨƵŶĂŬƵŶLJŽŶLJĂĂƵŬƵƉƵŬƵƟƐŚĂ

> :ĞŵĚƵĚƵŵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵĂŶĂƐŚĂŵďƵůŝĂǁĂŬĂƟŐĂŶŝǁĂŬĂƟǁĂŬŝĂŶŐĂnjŝĂƵmvua.

:ĞƵŶĂĨƵĂƟůŝĂŵĂƌĂŬǁĂŵĂƌĂ wadudu na magonjwa kwenye mazao LJĂŬŽdĞŵďĞĂnjŝŐnjĂŐƐŚĂŵďĂŶŝŶĂŬƵƐĂŶLJĂƐĂŵƉƵůŝnjĂŵŝŵĞĂďŝůĂLJĂŬƵĨƵĂƚĂƵƚĂƌĂƟďƵŵĂĂůƵŵƵ

Tabia ya ugonjwa: > Sababu za ugonjwa ni nini: Je ni

ǀŝƌƵƐŝďĂŬƚĞƌŝĂĂƵĨĂŶŐĂƐŝ > Je ugonjwa unaenezwa vipi:

ŬƵƉŝƟĂŵďĞŐƵƵĚŽŶŐŽŚĞǁĂĂƵŬƵƉŝƟĂǁĂĚƵĚƵ

> :ĞŶŝŬĂƟŬĂŚĂƚƵĂŐĂŶŝƵŐŽŶũǁĂŚƵƐŚĂŵďƵůŝĂDĐŚĞŵŵĞĂunaokua au mmea uliokomaa.

> EŝƐĞŚĞŵƵŐĂŶŝLJĂŵŵĞĂŝŶĂƐŚĂŵďƵůŝǁĂŶĂƵŐŽŶũǁĂŵŝnjŝnjŝƐŚŝŶĂŵĂƚƵŶĚĂĂƵŵŵĞĂmzima.

> Ni aina gani ya uharibifu ŚƵƐĂďĂďŝƐŚǁĂŶĂƵŐŽŶũǁĂŬƵŽnjĂŽŶŐĞnjĞŬŽůĂŬůŽƌŝŶŝŬƵƉƵŬƵƟƐŚĂmadoa na mengine.

> :ĞŶŝǁĂŬĂƟŐĂŶŝƵŐŽŶũǁĂŚƵƐŚĂŵďƵůŝĂǁĂŬĂƟǁĂƵŬĂŵĞau mvua.

<ĂďůĂ LJĂ ŬƵĚŚŝďŝƟŵĚƵĚƵŵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵ ĂƵƵŐŽŶũǁĂǁŽǁŽƚĞƵŶĂƉĂƐǁĂ ŬƵĨĂŚĂŵƵƚĂďŝĂnjĂŵĚƵĚƵŵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵĂƵƵŐŽŶũǁĂŚƵŽŬƵŚƵƐŝĂŶĂŶĂŵĂnjĂŽŚƵƐŝŬĂ<ƵĨƵĂƟůŝĂŬƵŶĂďŽƌĞƐŚĂŵĂĂƌŝĨĂLJĂŬŽŬƵŚƵƐƵŵĚƵĚƵŵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵŶĂŵĂĞŶĚĞůĞŽLJĂƵŐŽŶũǁĂŶĂŚƵŬƵƐĂŝĚŝĂŬƵĚŚŝďŝƟŬǁĂƵĨĂŶŝƐŝnjĂŝĚŝDĂƐǁĂůŝLJĂĨƵĂƚĂLJŽLJĂŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵŬƵƐĂŝĚŝĂŬƵĞůĞǁĂǀŝnjƵƌŝnjĂŝĚŝƚĂďŝĂnjĂŵĚƵĚƵŵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵŶĂƵŐŽŶũǁĂ

7

EĂŵŶĂďŽƌĂLJĂŬƵĚŚŝďŝƟǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵŶĂŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂ

EũŝĂŵŽũĂLJĂŬƵĚŚŝďŝƟǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵŶĂŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂŶŝŬƵƚĞŐĞŵĞĂŬŝŬĂŵŝůŝĨƵŬǁĞŶLJĞǀŝƵĂƟůŝĨƵhƚĂƌĂƟďƵŚƵƵƵŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵƚŚŝďŝƟŬĂŬƵǁĂŶŝǁĂƵĨĂŶŝƐŝ ŝǁĂƉŽŵĂĚĂǁĂLJĂůŝLJŽĐŚĂŐƵůŝǁĂŶŝ ƐĂŚŝŚŝŬŝƉŝŵŽĐŚĂŬĞǁĂŬĂƟǁĂŬƵƚƵŵŝĂŶĂ ũŝŶƐŝLJĂŬƵƚƵŵŝĂŶŝƐĂŚŝŚŝ

>ĂŬŝŶŝŵŬƵůŝŵĂĂŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵǁĂŚĂǁĞnjŝŬƵƉĂƚĂŵĂĚĂǁĂLJĂŬƵŶƵŶƵĂĂƵŵĂĚĂǁĂŚĂLJŽLJĂŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵǁĂŐŚĂůŝŬǁĂŬĞsŝƵĂƟůŝĨƵƉŝĂǀŝŶĂŚĂƚĂƌŝǁĂŬĂƟǁĂŬƵŚŝĨĂĚŚŝŶĂŵĂƚƵŵŝnjŝDĂƚŽŬĞŽLJĂŬĞLJĂŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵǁĂŵĂnjƵƌŝƐĂŶĂŬǁĂŬŝƉŝŶĚŝŬŝĨƵƉŝ>ĂŬŝŶŝŬĂƟŬĂŬŝƉŝŶĚŝ ŬŝnjŝŵĂĐŚĂŬŝůŝŵŽ ŝŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵǁĂŚĂŬƵŶĂŵĂďĂĚŝůŝŬŽ ŬǁĂ ƐĂďĂďƵǀŝƵĂƟůŝĨƵ ƉŝĂ ǀŝŵĞƵĂ ŵĂĂĚƵŝ ǁĂ ĂƐŝůŝ ǁĂ ǁĂĚƵĚƵ ŶĂ ŚŝǀLJŽ ŬƵĨĂŶLJĂ ǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵǁĂĞŶĚĞůĞĞŬƵũŝƚŽŬĞnjĂďŝůĂŬŝnjƵŝnjŝ,ĂƚĂǀŝƵĂƟůŝĨƵĂƐŝůŝĂŬĂŵĂǀŝůĞƉĂƌĞƚŽĂƵƚƵŵďĂŬƵǀŝŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵǁĂŶĂĂƚŚĂƌŝŚĂƐŝŬǁĂǁĂĚƵĚƵƌĂĮŬŝ

sŝƵĂƟůŝĨƵ ŚƵƉŽƚĞnjĂ ƵĨĂŶŝƐŝ ǁĂŬĞ ŝǁĂƉŽ ŵĂƚƵŵŝnjŝ LJĂŬĞ ŚĂLJĂĚŚŝďŝƟǁŝ ŶĂǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂŬĂƚĞŶŐĞŶĞnjĂƵƐƵŐƵ

DďŝŶƵLJĂƵĚŚŝďŝƟĞŶĚĞůĞǀƵĚŚŝĚŝLJĂǁĂĚƵĚƵŶĂŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂĂĚĂůĂLJĂŬƵƚĞŐĞŵĞĂǀŝƵĂƟůŝĨƵŬǁĂŬŝǁĂŶŐŽŬŝŬƵďǁĂƵŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵĐŚĂŐƵĂŵďŝŶƵambayo:

> ŚƵŚŝƚĂũŝŐŚĂƌĂŵĂŶĚŽŐŽƚƵLJĂnjŝĂĚĂ > ƌĂŚŝƐŝŬƵƚĂLJĂƌŝƐŚĂŶĂŬƵƚƵŵŝĂ > ŝŶĂĨĂŶLJĂŬĂnjŝǀŝnjƵƌŝŬĂƟŬĂŵĂnjŝŶŐŝƌĂŚƵƐŝŬĂ > ŶŝƐĂůĂŵĂŬƵƚƵŵŝĂ > ŝŶĂĂƚŚĂƌŝŬŝĚŽŐŽĂƵŚĂŝŶĂĂƚŚĂƌŝŚĂƐŝŬǁĂǀŝƵŵďĞǁĞŶŐŝŶĞŬǁĞŶLJĞŵĂũŝ

udongo,hewa na mazao ya kilimo.

sŝƵĂƟůŝĨƵǀLJĂŬŽǀŝŶĂŚĂƚĂƌŝ gani

ǁĂŬĂƟǁĂŬƵŚŝĨĂĚŚŝŶĂŵĂƚƵŵŝnjŝ

sŝŶĂĂƚŚĂƌŝŐĂŶŝŬǁĞŶLJĞŵĂĂĚƵŝ

ĂƐŝůŝĂƌĂƐŝůŝŵĂůŝƵďŽƌĂǁĂŵĂnjĂŽ

<ƵŶĂŶũŝĂƚŽĨĂƵƟnjĂŬƵĚŚŝďŝƟǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵŶĂŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂŵĂƐŚĂŵďĂŶŝdŽĨĂƵƟŚŝnjŝnjŝŶĂǁĞnjĂnjŝƐŝǁĞĚŚĂŚŝƌŝŬǁĂŵĂƌĂLJĂŬǁĂŶnjĂŝŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵŚŝƚĂũŝŬƵĂŶŐĂůŝĂŬǁĂŵĂŬŝŶŝnjĂŝĚŝŝůŝƵŽŶĞƚŽĨĂƵƟŬĂƟLJĂŵďŝŶƵŚŝnjŽ

8

Mbinu yenye hatua tatuhĚŚŝďŝƟ ǁĂ ǁĂĚƵĚƵ ŶĂ ŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂkwa njia ya kilimo-hai kunaweza ŬƵĐŚƵŬƵůŝǁĂŬĂŵĂŵďŝŶƵLJĞŶLJĞŚĂƚƵĂƚĂƚƵ ĂŵďĂƉŽ ŬŝůĂ ŚĂƚƵĂ ŚƵũĞŶŐĂŵƐŝŶŐŝǁĂŚĂƚƵĂŝŶĂLJŽĨƵĂƚĂ

Hatua 1: hƐŝŵĂŵŝnjŝ ǁĂ ƵĚŽŶŐŽ ŶĂmazaoHatua 2: hƐŝŵĂŵŝnjŝǁĂŵĂŬĂnjŝHatua 3:hĚŚŝďŝƟǁĂŵŽũĂŬǁĂŵŽũĂ

>ĞŶŐŽŶŝŬƵǁĂŶĂƵƚĞŶĚĂũŝŵnjƵƌŝŬĂƟŬĂŚĂƚƵĂ LJĂ ŬǁĂŶnjĂ ŶĂ LJĂ Ɖŝůŝ ĂŵďĂnjŽŚƵŚŝŵŝnjĂƵĚŚŝďŝƟĂƐŝůŝĂǁĂǁĂĚƵĚƵŶĂvimelea vya ugonjwa na kupunguza ŚĂƚƵĂnjĂƵĚŚŝďŝƟǁĂŵŽũĂŬǁĂŵŽũĂ

hĚŚŝďŝƟǁĂǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵŶĂŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂŬǁĂmbinu za kilimo hai

,ĂƚƵĂnjĂƵĚŚŝďŝƟnjĞŶLJĞĂƚŚĂƌŝŶĚŽŐŽkwenye mazingira asilia na maadui

wa asili

hĚŚŝďŝƟǁĂǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵna magonjwa kwa mbinu za kilimo-ŚĂŝŚƵƚĞŐĞŵĞĂŵĂƚƵŵŝnjŝƐĂŚŝŚŝLJĂŚĂƚƵĂŵĐŚĂŶŐĂŶLJŝŬŽnjĂƵnjƵŝĂũŝŝůŝŬƵƉƵŶŐƵnjĂƵĚŚŝďŝƟǁĂŵŽũĂŬǁĂmoja.

Wakulima wa kilimo-haiŚƵnjŝŶŐĂƟĂzaidi kuzuia kuenea na kuongezeka kwa wadudu na magonjwa kwa ŬƵƉŝƟĂƵƐŝŵĂŵŝnjŝƐĂŚŝŚŝǁĂŵĂnjĂŽ

9

hĨƵĂƟůŝĂũŝǁĂŵĂƌĂŬǁĂŵĂƌĂǁĂǀŝǁĂŶŐŽǀLJĂǁĂĚƵĚƵŶĂŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂŬƵĐŚƵŬƵĂŚĂƚƵĂƐƚĂŚŝŬŝŬǁĂǁĂŬĂƟ

Usimamizi sahihi wa mazao ili kuima-

risha mimea

hŬƵnjĂũŝǁĂƚĂƌĂƟďƵnjĂƵĚŚŝďŝƟĂƐŝůŝĂŝůŝŬƵƚƵŵŝĂŬĂƟŬĂŶũŝĂďŽƌĂŵĐŚĂŶŐŽwa ulimwengu asilia

10

Hatua 1: Usimamizi wa udongo na mazao

hĚŚŝďŝƟƐĂŚŝŚŝǁĂƵĚŽŶŐŽŶĂŵĂnjĂŽ <ĂƟŬĂŚĂƚƵĂLJĂŬǁĂŶnjĂǁĂŬƵůŝŵĂǁĂŬŝůŝŵŽͲŚĂŝ ǁĂŶĂůĞŶŐĂ ŬĂƟŬĂ ŬƵďŽƌĞͲƐŚĂ ĂĨLJĂ LJĂŵŵĞĂ ŶĂ ŬƵnjƵŝĂ ŬƵŝŶŐŝnjĂna kueneza wadudu na magonjwa. tĂŶĂĨĂŶLJĂŚŝǀLJŽŬǁĂŬƵƚƵŵŝĂŵďŝŶƵmbalimbali kama vile:х ŵǁĞŶĚĞůĞnjŽǁĂƵďŽƌĞƐŚĂũŝǁĂƌƵͲ

ƚƵďĂLJĂƵĚŽŶŐŽŝůŝŬƵǁĞnjĞƐŚĂƵŬƵͲĂũŝƚŚĂďŝƟŶĂŝŵĂƌĂǁĂŵŝŵĞĂ

х ŬƵŚĂŬŝŬŝƐŚĂŵĂƚĂLJĂƌŝƐŚŽ ƐĂŚŝŚŝ LJĂudongo ili kukuza maendeleo ya ŚĂƌĂŬĂLJĂŵĂnjĂŽ

х ŬƵƚƵŵŝĂŵĂnjĂŽĂŵďĂLJŽLJĂŶĂŚŝŵŝůŝwadudu na magonjwa yaliyopo na ĂŵďĂLJŽ LJĂŶĂƐƚĂǁŝ ǀŝnjƵƌŝ ŬĂƟŬĂŵĂnjŝŶŐŝƌĂŚƵƐŝŬĂ

х <ƵƚƵŵŝĂ ŵďĞŐƵ ŶĂ ǀŝƉĂŶĚŝŽ ĂŵͲbavyo havina magonjwa wala wadudu ili kuepuka kuingiza wadudu na magonjwa mapya ƐŚĂŵďĂŶŝ

> kuendeleza mzunguko wa mazao ili kuzuia wadudu na magonjwa ya-ƐŝŽŶŐĞnjĞŬĞ

х ŬƵŚĂŬŝŬŝƐŚĂŬƵƉĂŶĚĂŬǁĂǁĂŬĂƟŶĂŬƵŽƚĞƐŚĂŵĂnjĂŽƚŽĨĂƵƟŬǁĂǁĂŬĂƟmmoja ili kupunguza wadudu wa-ŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵŶĂŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂŬƵƚŽŬĞĂŬǁĂǁĂŬĂƟŵŵŽũĂ

х ŬƵƚƵŵŝĂ ƵĚŚŝďŝƟ ŵnjƵƌŝ ǁĂ ŵĂnjĂŽŝŬŝǁĞŵŽ ŬƵƉƵŶŐƵnjĂ ŵĂƚĂǁŝ ŬƵͲĚŚŝďŝƟŬŝǀƵůŝŶĂŬƵǀƵŶĂŬǁĂǁĂŬĂƟili kuzuia kuongezeka kwa wadudu waharibifu na magonjwa.

dĂLJĂƌŝƐŚĂƵĚŽŶŐŽŬĂƟŬĂŶũŝĂŝŶĂLJͲowezesha mazao kustawi vizuri

ŶĚĞůĞnjĂŵĂnjŝŶŐŝƌĂŵĂnjƵƌŝLJĂƵŬƵĂũŝǁĂŵĂnjĂŽŬǁĂŬƵƉĂůŝůŝĂŬǁĂǁĂŬĂƟŶĂŵďŝŶƵŶLJŝŶŐŝŶĞnjĂƵĚŚŝďŝƟǁĂmazao.

,ĂŬŝŬŝƐŚĂŬƵƉĂŶĚĂŬǁĂǁĂŬĂƟŝůŝƵǀƵŶĞŬǁĂǁĂŬĂƟŵƵĂĨĂŬĂ

11

Hatua 1: Usimamizi wa udongo na mazao

<ŝůĂŵƐŝŵƵǁĞŬĂŵďŽũŝŵďŽůĞĂLJĂǁĂŶLJĂŵĂŵďŽůĞĂLJĂŬŝũĂŶŝŶĂǀŝƚƵvingine kwenye udongo

Endeleza mzunguko wa mazao uli-

ŽƉĂŶŐǁĂŶĂƉĂŶĚĂŵĂnjĂŽƚŽĨĂƵƟŬǁĂǁĂŬĂƟŵŵŽũĂ

ŚĂŐƵĂŵŝŵĞĂƚŚĂďŝƟŶĂǀŝĨĂĂǀŝƐŝǀLJŽŬƵǁĂŶĂƵŐŽŶũǁĂ

12

<ƵŬƵnjĂƚĂƌĂƟďƵĂƐŝůŝĂnjĂƵĚŚŝďŝƟWadudu waharibifu na vimelea vya ƵŐŽŶũǁĂŚƵǁĂŶĂŵĂĂĚƵŝǁĂĂƐŝůŝŬĂŵĂǀŝůĞŬŽŵďĂŵǁŝŬŽĂƵŶĚĞŐĞ,ĂƚĂǀŝƌƵƐŝďĂŬƚĞƌŝĂŶĂ ĨĂŶŐĂƐŝ ǀŝŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵƵĂĂƵŬƵƐŚŝŶĚĂŶĂŶĂǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵŶĂǀŝŵĞůĞĂǀLJĂƵŐŽŶũǁĂDĂĂĚƵŝǁĂĂƐŝůŝǁĂŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵĐŚƵŬƵůŝǁĂŬĂŵĂŶŝ ƌĂĮŬŝwa mkulima.DĂĂĚƵŝ ǁĂ ĂƐŝůŝ ǁĂŶĂǁĞnjĂkuendelezwa kuzunguka na ndani ya ƐŚĂŵďĂŬǁĂŬƵĨĂŶLJĂLJĂĨƵĂƚĂLJŽ

> ŬƵƉĂŶĚĂƵnjŝŽǁĂŵŝŵĞĂLJĂƐƉŝƐŚŝnjĂ ĂƐŝůŝ ŬƵnjƵŶŐƵŬĂ ŵĂƐŚĂŵďĂ ŝůŝŬƵǀƵƟĂŵĂĂĚƵŝǁĂĂƐŝůŝ

> ŬƵƌƵŚƵƐƵ ŵŝŵĞĂ ŝŶĂLJŽƚŽĂ ŵĂƵĂŬƵŽƚĂ ŶĚĂŶŝ LJĂ ŵĂnjĂŽ ŝůŝ ŬƵƚĞŶ-ŐĞŶĞnjĂ ŶĞŬƚĂ ŶĂ ƉŽůĞŶŝ ŬǁĂ Ăũŝůŝya wadudu mbalimbali ambao ni ŵĂĂĚƵŝǁĂĂƐŝůŝǁĂǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂŚĂ-ƌŝďŝĨƵ

> ŬƵƚƵŵŝĂ ŵĂnjĂŽ ĂŵďĂLJŽ ŚƵǀƵƟĂwadudu waharibifu kwa mimea ĂŵďĂLJŽ ƐŝŽŵĂnjĂŽ ĂƵ ŬƵǁĂƐƵŬƵ-ŵĂǁĂĚƵĚƵŬƵƚŽŬĂŬǁĞŶLJĞŵĂnjĂŽ;ŵŝŬĂŬĂƟLJĂŬƵƐƵŬƵŵĂŶĂŬƵǀƵƚĂͿ

> ŬƵďŽƌĞƐŚĂ ƵƐĂĮ ǁĂ ƐŚĂŵďĂŬǁĂ ŬƵƉĂůŝůŝĂ ŬǁĂ ǁĂŬĂƟ ŬƵŽŶ-ĚŽĂ ǁĂĚƵĚƵ ǁŽƚĞ ŬǁĂ ŬƵŚĂƌŝďƵĂƵ ƵƚĂƌĂƟďƵ ŵnjƵƌŝ ǁĂ ŬƵŽŶĚŽĂŵŝŵĞĂĂƵƐĞŚĞŵƵnjĂŵŝŵĞĂnjĞŶLJĞƵŐŽŶũǁĂŶĂ ŬǁĂ ŬƵƐĂĮƐŚĂ ǀŝĨĂĂǀLJĂ ƐŚĂŵďĂŶŝ ŬǁĂ ŬƵƚƵŵŝĂ ǀŝƵĂ-ƟůŝĨƵǀLJĂĂƐŝůŝ

Hatua 2: Usimamizi wa makazi

WĂŶĚĂŵĂnjĂŽĂŵďĂLJŽŚƵǀƵƟĂwadudu wasishambulie mazao.

Panda uzio wa mimea ya spishi za

asili kuzunguka mashamba

Ondoa mimea mingine ambayo

inaweza kushambuliwa na wadudu

ŶĂŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂ

13

Ruhusu spishi za mimea inayotoa

ŵĂƵĂŬƵŬƵĂƉĂŵŽũĂŶĂŵĂnjĂŽLJĂŬŽ

^ĂĮƐŚĂǀŝĨĂĂǀŝůŝǀLJŽƚƵŵŝŬĂŬǁĞŶLJĞƐŚĂŵďĂůĞŶLJĞƵŐŽŶũǁĂŬĂďůĂLJĂŬƵ-

tumia kwenye mimea yenye afya

KŶĚŽĂĂƵŚĂƌŝďƵŬǁĂƵƚĂƌĂƟďƵmzuri sehemu za mimea au mimea

LJĞŶLJĞƵŐŽŶũǁĂ

14

Kupunguza athari hasi<ĂƟŬĂ ŚĂůŝ LJĂŵĂĂŵďƵŬŝnjŝŵĂŬƵďǁĂ

au wadudu walio na uharibifu mkubwa ŶĂ ŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂ ŚĂƚƵĂ njĂ ŵŽũĂ ŬǁĂ ŵŽũĂnjŝŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵǁĂŶŝůĂnjŝŵĂŝůŝŬƵnjƵŝĂƵƉŽƚĞ-ǀƵǁĂŵĂnjĂŽŬŝƵĐŚƵŵŝŶĂŵďŝŶƵŚŝnjŝnjŝƚĂ-ĨĂŶLJĂŬĂnjŝŝǁĂƉŽƚƵŵďŝŶƵnjĂŚĂƚƵĂϭŶĂϮnjŝůŝƚƵŵŝŬĂǀLJĞŵĂ

sŝƵĂƟůŝĨƵ ǀŝůŝǀLJŽƚŚŝďŝƟƐŚǁĂ ĂƵ ǀLJĂŬƵƚĞŶŐĞŶĞnjǁĂŶĂŵǁĞŶLJĞǁĞŶĂǀŝƵĂŬƵǀƵǀLJĞŶLJĞĂƐŝůŝLJĂŬŝďŝŽůŽũŝĂĂƵŵĂĚŝŶŝŬĂŵĂǀŝůĞLJĂŶĂLJŽƚŽŬĂŶĂŶĂŵŝŵĞĂ ŝůŝLJŽŬĂŵƵůŝ-ǁĂŵĂĨƵƚĂLJĂŵŝŵĞĂŵĂĨƵƚĂLJĂŵĂĚŝŶŝƐŚĂďĂŶĂƐĂůĨĂŚƵƚƵŵŝŬĂŬƵĚŚŝďŝƟǁĂĚƵĚƵŶĂŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂŵĂŚƵƐƵƐŝ

ŝĚŚĂĂnjĂĚƵŬĂŶŝnjŝŶĂnjŽƚƵŵŝĂǀŝƵŵďĞŚĂŝ ŬǁĂ Ăũŝůŝ LJĂ ŬƵĚŚŝďŝƟ ǁĂĚƵĚƵ ǁĂ-ŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵ ŚƵŚƵƐŝƐŚĂ ǁĂĚƵĚƵ ǁĂŶĂŽŬƵůĂǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĞŶnjĂŽƵƟƟƌŝǀŝƌƵƐŝŶĂďĂŬƚĞƌŝĂ

DŝƚĞŐŽ ŝŶĂLJŽƚƵŵŝĂŬĞŵŝŬĂůŝnjĂŬƵǀƵ-ƟĂ ǁĂĚƵĚƵ ŚƵƚƵŵŝŬĂ ŝůŝ ŬƵǀƵƌƵŐĂ ƵnjĂnjŝǁĂǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĂŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵDŝƚĞŐŽLJĂŵǁĂŶ-ŐĂŶĂƌĂŶŐŝŚƵĨĂŶLJĂŬĂnjŝŬǁĂƵĨĂŶŝƐŝŬǁĂĂũŝůŝLJĂŬƵƚĞŐĂŶĂŬƵŬĂŵĂƚĂǁĂĚƵĚƵǁĞŶŐŝ

<ƵƚƵŵŝĂŵĂũŝLJĂŵŽƚŽŬƵƟďƵŵďĞŐƵŶĂǀŝƚƵǀLJĂŬƵƉĂŶĚĂŚƵƉƵŶŐƵnjĂŵĂŐŽũǁĂŬƵĞŶĞĂŬƵƚŽŬĂƐŚĂŵďĂŵŽũĂŬǁĞŶĚĂũŝŶ-gine.

,ĂƚƵĂϯhĚŚŝďŝƟǁĂŵŽũĂŬǁĂŵŽũĂ

Je, unajua ni mimea gani inaweza ŬƵƚƵŵŝŬĂŬĂƟŬĂŬƵƚĂLJĂƌŝƐŚĂǀŝƵĂƟůŝĨƵǀLJĂĂƐŝůŝǀŝŶĂǀLJŽƚŽŬĂŶĂŶĂŵŝŵĞĂ

dƵŵŝĂǀŝƵĂƟůŝĨƵĂƐŝůŝĂǀŝŶĂǀLJŽĚŚŝďŝƟaina chache za wadudu ili usiue

ǁĂĚƵĚƵƌĂĮŬŝ

15

Tumia mitego ya mwanga na rangi

kukamata wadudu wengi

Funga matunda yako machanga na

ŵĂũĂŶŝŵĂŬĂǀƵŬƵnjƵŝĂŝŶnjŝǁĂƐŝƚĂŐĞmayai kwenye matunda.

Tumia mitego yenye kemikali za

ŬƵǀƵƟĂǁĂĚƵĚƵĚƵŵĞŬǁĂũŝŬĞŶĂŬƵnjƵŝĂŬƵĞŶĞnjĂƵŐŽŶũǁĂ

dƵŵŝĂŵŝŬĂŶĚĂŝŶĂLJŽŶĂƚĂŬĂƟŬĂmashina ili kupunguza viwavi kuha-

mia kwenye matawi na kutaga.

dƵŵŝĂŵĂũŝLJĂŵŽƚŽŬƵƐĂĮƐŚĂŵďĞŐƵna vifaa vingine vya kupandia kuzuia

ŵĂŐŽŶũǁĂLJĂŶĂLJŽĞŶĞnjǁĂŶĂŵďĞŐƵ

Kijitabu hiki ni matokeo ya mradi wa mwongozo wa mafunzo ya Kilimo-hai Afrika na kilibuniwa kama kabrasha ya kuwagawia wakulima.

Mchapishaji:dĂŶnjĂŶŝĂKƌŐĂŶŝĐŐƌŝĐƵůƚƵƌĞDŽǀĞŵĞŶƚ;dKDͿ

PO Box 70089 Dar es Salaam, Tanzaniawww.kilimohai.orgkwa kushirikiana na

&ŝ>dĂĂƐŝƐŝLJĂhƚĂĮƟǁĂ<ŝůŝŵŽͲŚĂŝ^ǁŝƚnjĞƌůĂŶĚǁǁǁĮďůŽƌŐ

<ŝũŝƚĂďƵŚŝŬŝŬŝŶĂǁĞnjĂŬƵŶĂŬŝůŝǁĂďŝůĂLJĂůĂnjŝŵĂLJĂŬƵƉĂƚĂƌƵŚƵƐĂ,ĂďĂƌŝnjŽƚĞnjŝůŝnjŽŵŽ ŬĂƟŬĂ ŵǁŽŶŐŽnjŽ ŚƵƵ njŝŵĞŬƵƐĂŶLJǁĂ ŶĂ ǁĂĂŶĚŝƐŚŝ ŬǁĂ ŬĂĚƌŝ LJĂŵĂĂƌŝĨĂLJĂŽ:ƵŚƵĚŝnjĂŬƵƚŽƐŚĂnjŝŵĞĨĂŶLJǁĂŶĂdĂĂƐŝƐŝLJĂhƚĂĮƟǁĂ<ŝůŝŵŽͲŚĂŝ;&ŝ>ͿŶĂǁĂďŝĂǁĂŬĞŬƵĐŚĂƉŝƐŚĂƚĂŬǁŝŵƵŶĂŚĂďĂƌŝnjĂŬƵĂŵŝŶŝŬĂtĂĂŶĚŝƐŚŝǁĂŚĂƌŝƌŝŶĂǁĂĐŚĂƉŝƐŚĂũŝŚĂǁĂǁĂũŝďŝŬŝŬǁĂƵŬǁĞůŝǁĂŚĂďĂƌŝnjŝůŝnjŽĐŚĂƉŝƐŚǁĂtĂĂŶĚŝƐŚŝ ǁĂĐŚĂƉŝƐŚĂũŝ ĂƵ ŵƚƵ LJĞLJŽƚĞ ĂŶĂLJĞŚƵƐŝĂŶĂ ŶĂ ĐŚĂƉŝƐŚŽ ŚŝůŝŚĂƚĂŚƵƐŝŬĂŶĂŚĂƐĂƌĂLJŽLJŽƚĞƵŚĂƌŝďŝĨƵĂƵĚĞŶŝĂŵďĂůŽůŝŵĞƐĂďĂďŝƐŚǁĂĂŵĂmoja kwa moja au kwa njia nyingine na mwongozo wa mafunzo na zana zake.

<ŝũŝƚĂďƵ ŚŝŬŝ ŬŝŵĞƚĂĨƐŝƌŝǁĂ ŬĂƟŬĂ ůƵŐŚĂ LJĂ <ŝƐǁĂŚŝůŝ ŶĂ ĂŬƚĂƌŝ 'ĞŽƌŐĞ D<ŝĂŵĂĂƌƵĂƉĞƉĞĞdžĐĞůŵĞƌĐĂŶƟůĞΛLJĂŚŽŽĐŽŵ

dƵŶĂǁĂƐŚƵŬƵƌƵ ƐŚŝƌŝŬĂ ůĂ hƐǁŝƐŝ ůŝŶĂůŽƐŚƵŐŚƵůŝŬŝĂ ŵĂĞŶĚĞůĞŽ ŶĂ ƵƐŚŝƌŝŬŝĂŶŽ;^ǁŝƐƐ ŐĞŶĐLJ ĨŽƌ ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ ĂŶĚ ŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶͿ Ăƌ ĞƐ ^ĂůĂĂŵ ŬǁĂŵƐĂĂĚĂǁĂůŝŽƵƚŽĂ ŬƵĨĂŶŝŬŝƐŚĂ ƚĂĨƐŝƌŝ ŶĂ ƵĐŚĂƉŝƐŚĂũŝ ǁĂ ŬŝũŝƚĂďƵ ŚŝŬŝ <ŝŶĂƉĂƟŬĂŶĂ ďƵƌĞŬĂƟŬĂ ůƵŐŚĂ njĂ <ŝƐǁĂŚŝůŝ ŶĂ <ŝŝŶŐĞƌĞnjĂ ŬǁĞŶLJĞ ƚŽǀƵƟ ǁǁǁŽƌŐĂŶŝĐͲĂĨƌŝĐĂŶĞƚǁǁǁŬŝůŝŵŽŚĂŝŽƌ ƚnj

tĞƚŚĂŶŬƚŚĞ^ǁŝƐƐŐĞŶĐLJĨŽƌĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂŶĚŽŽƉĞƌĂƟŽŶŝŶĂƌĞƐ^ĂůĂĂŵĨŽƌŝƚƐƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƚŚĂƚŵĂĚĞƉŽƐƐŝďůĞƚŚĞƚƌĂŶƐůĂƟŽŶĂŶĚƉƵďůŝĐĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚŝƐŬůĞƚ/ƚŝƐĨƌĞĞůLJĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞĨŽƌĚŽǁŶůŽĂĚŝŶďŽƚŚŶŐůŝƐŚĂŶĚ^ǁĂŚŝůŝĨƌŽŵǁǁǁŽƌŐĂŶŝĐͲĂĨƌŝĐĂŶĞƚǁǁǁŬŝůŝŵŽŚĂŝŽƌ ƚnj