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Nomenclatural investigationsin Cerastium strictum L., C.arvense L. var. strictum Kochand Arenaria grandiflora L.(Caryophyllaceae)Neda Bechi aa Dipartimento di Biologia, Vegetale dell'Università,Via G. La Pira 4, I-50121, FirenzePublished online: 14 Apr 2013.
To cite this article: Neda Bechi (1998): Nomenclatural investigations in Cerastiumstrictum L., C. arvense L. var. strictum Koch and Arenaria grandiflora L.(Caryophyllaceae), Webbia: Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Geography, 52:2, 173-182
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00837792.1998.10670639
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Webbia 52(2): 173-182. 1998
Nomenclatural investigations in Cerastium strictum L., C. arvense L. var. strictum Koch and Arenaria grandiflora L. (Caryophyllaceae). * NEDA BECHI
Dipartimento eli Biologia Vegetale dell'Universita Via G. La Pira 4, I-50121 Firenze
Ricevuto i/12 Dicembre 1996 Accettato i/16 Giugno 1997
Indagini nomenclaturali in Cerastium strictum L., C. aroense L. var. strictum Koch e in Arenaria grandiflora L. (Caryophyllaceae). - Illectotipo di C. strictum L. (LINN 603.21) e per I' Art. 9.13(b) del Codice di Nomenclatura Botanica, da rifiutare in quanto e in serio conflitto con il protologo. Inoltre non sembra essere materiale originale. Esso corrisponde ad Arenaria montana L. ssp. montana. Nell'erbario Burser (vol. Xl:119, UPS) esiste un campione esplicitamente citato nel protologo di c. strictum, il quale e perfettamente conforme alia diagnosi linneana. Questo campione e scelto come nuovo lectotipo di C. strictum L. Esso appartiene a Arenaria grandiflora L. Come conseguenza di cio, C. strictum L. diviene sinonimo tassonomico di A. grandiflora il cui tipo viene qui designato. L'accantonamento di C. strictum L. chiarisce hi confusa vicenda nomenclaturale legata a questo nome, confermando !'idea, diffusa fra gli autori fin dai primi del secolo scorso, che C. strictum L. non si riferisse ad un Cerastium, bensl ad una Arenaria. II nome legittimo piu vecchio il cui tipo e incluso nel taxon indicabile come C. strictum auct. non L., e C. aroense L. var. strictum Koch il cui tipo e qui designato.
Key words: Arenaria grandiflora L., Cerastium aroense L. var. strictum Koch, Cerastium strictum L., Caryophyllaceae, typification.
INTRODUCTION
MosCHL (1973) stated that he had seen the type of Cerastium strictum L. in IDC fiches. Later UGBOROGHO (1977) gave the sheet number of the type of C. strictum (LINN 603.21). Since there seems to be only one sheet that can conceivably be associated with this name, i.e. LINN 603.21, MoscHL (19731 is accepted as the author of the typification. The aim of this paper is to investigate the typification of this name and to establish its correct taxonomic application.
* Research made with the contribution of the Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica e Tecnologica (M.U.R.S.T. 40%). Subproject "Historical botanical collections of Florence University" Resp. Prof. G. Moggi.
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174 NEDA BECHI
ANALYSIS OF THE LECTOTYPE OF Cerastium strictum L.
The binomial appears (LINNAEUS, 1753: 439) with the following elements: 9. CERASTIUM [strictum] foliis linearibus acuminatis glabris, pedunculis unifloris subtomentosis, capsulis globosis. Myosotis caule hirsuto, foliis perangustis glabris, £lore calycem excedente. Hall. helv. 384.t.5.f.I. Alsine apina [sic!] subhirsuta, linariae folio. Scheuch. alp.2. p.130. Caryophyllus holosteus alpinus, foliis strictissimis glabris acutis, £lore magno. Burs. XI.l19. Habitat in Alpibus Austriacis, Helveticis.
Later, LINNAEUS (1762) added a brief description in which he pointed out the characters of the leaves ("Folia linearia, acuminatissima, stricta, glabra"), of the stem ("Caules glabri, procumbentes") and of the inflorescence ("Pedunculus uniflorus s. biflorus"). He also removed Haller's polynomial from the synonymy and restricted the species distribution to the Austrian Alps.
According to SAVAGE (1945), specimen 603.21 bears "Cerastium/9 strictum" handwritten by Linnaeus, and on the versos "Z. Hallman" handwritten by an amanuensis. According to C. Jarvis (com. verb.) only the word "strictum" was definitely handwritten by Linnaeus. Daniel Zachariae Hallman (1722-1782) sent specimens to Linnaeus from Spain (JACKSON, 1912). At LINN there are ten letters in Scandinavian from Hallman to Linnaeus, the first dated August 1753, and the last dated 5 July 1757. A couple were sent from Madrid in mid-1756, but most seem to have been sent from Bordeaux. However they do not seem to contain anything regarding C. strictum, and the dates strongly suggest that if specimen 603.21 did come from Hallman, it could not have been in Linnaeus' possession before May 1753 (date of publication of the first volume of the Species Plantarum in which C. strictum appeared for the first time). Specimen 603.21 (LINN!) consists of a flowering stem 6 em high, with an open flower and a bud. The flower has emarginate petals, and a very young capsule which is flattened globular and bears three styles. Sepals are ovatelanceolate, acute, mucronate, with a not very prominent midrib, and narrow scarious margins. The bracts are herbaceous, and the leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, 20-25 x 3-4 mm, without a prominent midrib. The sepals (abaxial surface), stem and leaves are covered with short eglandular reflexed hairs. Specimen 603.21 (fig.1) does not fit Linnaeus' diagnostic phrase-name. The leaves are not as LINNAEUS (1753:439) states: "linearibus acuminatis glabris"; but oblong-lanceolate, acute, mucronate and densely pubescent. In addition, it is a specimen of Arenaria montana L. ssp. montana.
The lectotype chosen by MoscHL (1973), (LINN 603.21) is seriously in conflict with the protologue and also with Linnaeus' later description (LINNAEUS, 1762); moreover it seems not to be original material for the name. Other original elements are plate 5, fig. I in HALLER (1742); and specimen XI.119 in the Burser Herbarium (UPS). The plate in HALLER (1742) is not very
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NOMENCLATURAL INVESTIGATIONS IN CERASTIUM STRICTUM ETC. 175
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176 NEDA BEClll
informative, lacking characters such as capsules and styles which permit a reliable identification not only at specific level but also at generic level. Specimen Xl.119 (herb. Burser microfiche!), however, is perfectly congruent with the protologue, particularly in the characters of leaves, hairiness and capsule. Moreover this specimen was seen and identified by Linnaeus as belonging to C. strictum (SAVAGE, 1937). Therefore, the type of C. strictum L. selected by Moschl, i.e. LINN 603.21, is here rejected and superseded under Art. 9.13 (b) of the Tokyo Code (GREUTER et al., 1994).
TYPIFICATION OF Cerastium strictum L.
C. strictum L. is one of the rather few examples of a Linnaean name where a specimen (that of Burser) is explicity cited in the protologue. As such it is a syntype and under Art. 9.9 has preference over other original material in the designation of a lectotype.
The specimen in the Burser Herbarium (vol. Xl:l19, UPS) is therefore selected here as the new lectotype of C. strictum L. This specimen belongs to Arenaria grandiflora L. as correctly noted by ]UEL (1936), and kindly confirmed by Prof. B. Jonsell. The formal citation is:
Cerastium strictum L., Sp. Pl.: 439. 1753.- LT. (here designated): "Caryophyllus holostius alpinus, foliolis strictis, brevibus glabris, acutis, flore magno Gc. In Alpibus Austriae." (Burser Herb. XI:l19, UPS), (fig.2).
The protologue of Arenaria grandiflora L. appeared in: Systema Naturae (10° ed.): 1034. 1759. However, the combination of the epithet "strictum" with the generic name Arenaria, is not possible, because of the existence of the name Arenaria stricta Michx., Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 274. 1803, legitimately published. Therefore A. grandiflora L. remains the correct name for this taxon and C. strictum L. becomes its taxonomic synonym.
This choice fits the general idea that Linnaeus described under C. strictum something different from a Cerastium. Actually C. strictum was used for some time, by Swiss and German authors, to indicate a perennial Cerastium from the Alps and Jura, of the C. arvense group, with glabrous stem and leaves, linear leaves ciliate only at the base, upper internodes and inflorescence pubescent, sometimes glandular, and cylindrical, and more or less curved capsules (HALLER, 1795; HAENKE, 1788; DE CANDOLLE, 1815). But quite soon VEsT (1820) realized the incongruity between the Linnaean diagnosis of C. strictum and the characters, especially those of the leaves and capsule, of these alpine Cerastium populations. VEST (1820) supposed .that Linnaeus had described a young fruit. SERINGE (1824) did not believe thai; C. strictum sensu DE CANDOLLE
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Fig. 2- Lectotype of C. strictum L. (here designated): Burser Herbarium vol. Xl:119 (UPS).
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178 NEDA BECHI
(1815) was the same plant described by Linnaeus. GAUDIN (1828) referred to C. strictum sensu HALLER (1742, 1768, 1795), and KocH (1834) referred to C. strictum sensu HAENKE (1788). MERTENS & KocH (1831) thought that C. strictum L., with its acuminate leaves, 1-2-flowered inflorescence, and globular capsules, was not referable to a Cerastium, but rather to an Arenaria. According to RoHLENA (1913) C. strictum L. could belong to Arenaria gracilis Kit., while GRAEBNER (1917) was doubtful about what C. strictum L. was at all. Later on this name was used by most authors only doubtfully, and even excluding the supposed Linnaean type (HEGI, 1912; BINZ & THOMMEN, 1953; MAIRE, 1963; MACHULE, 1963; }ALAS, 1964; HESS et al., 1967; fRIEDRICH, 1969; ZANGHERI, 1976; Rico, 1990; }ALAS, 1993).
The oldest legitimate name, whose type is included within the taxonomic circumscription of the taxon known as C. strictum auct. non L., is C. arvense L. var. strictum KocH (1835). The same epithet was used by GAUDIN (1828) for an infraspecific rank in C. arvense - C. arvense L. II strictum Gaudin - but, although it is earlier than that of KocH (1835), it is not validly published. GAUDIN (1828) has a definite infraspecific supravarietal rank that he sometimes (rarely) terms subspecies, sometimes (more often) forma, and sometimes (mostly) does not name at all. In the present case, Gaudin's statement under Cerastium arvense strictum (under which he has two varieties) is "varietatem nos tram a. aegre a forma priori distinguere possum", where the "forma prior" is C. arvense commune. By implication, C. aroense strictum is therefore termed forma, thus having two varieties it is invalid under Art. 33.5 (GREUTER et al., 1994). The taxonomic status of C. arvense L. var. strictum Koch is not the object of this paper, but the name is typified here.
TYPIFICATION OF Cerastium arvense L. var. strictum Koch
KocH (1835: 124) describes C. arvense L. var. strictum as follows:
C. arvense L. [ ... ] P. strictum; caulis et folia glabra, haec basi ciliata. C. strictum Haenke in Jacq. coli. 2. p.65. (C. strictum L. sp. 629, ex descriptione, ad Arenariam grandifloram All. pertinere videtur.).
The herbarium containing the type-material of the Syn. fl. germ. helv., was bought by W.F.R. Suringar (L). Seven specimens (909200-103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 113, 126!) bearing the following label: "Herbarium viri doctiss. W.D.J. Koch documentale et normale/ (Prof. Erlang.) ad illius opus c.t. ( + 1849)/ Synopsis Florae Germanicae et Helveticae/ Cerastium arvense L./ b. strictum Koch", were traced. All these specimens fit the protologue. The following one is selected as lectotype here:
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NOMENCLATURAL INVESTIGATIONS IN CERASTIUM STRICTUM ETC. 179
Cerastium arvense L. var. strictum Koch, Syn. fl. germ. helv.: 124. 1835. -LT: "Cerastium strictum/ auf dem Wege von Steinach/ nach dem Brenner auf/ Felsen/ Spruner" (L 909200-103!), (fig.3).
The type is compatible with the present-day taxonomic concept of C. aroense L. subsp. strictum (Koch) Schinz et Keller. This name is currently in use for a taxon characterized by small, caespitose, glabrescent plants, often glandular in the inflorescence, with bracts ciliate up to the apex, growing in alpine grasslands in Europe (Pyrenees, Alps) and, according to UGBOROGHO (1977), in North America.
TYPIFICATION OF Arenaria grandiflora 1.
LINNAEUS (1759: 1034) describes A. grandiflora as follows:
DA. [grandiflora] fol. subulatis strictis: radicalibus confertis, caulib. unifloris. Allion. t. 10. f. I.
A specimen, bearing the following label in Arduino's handwriting: "n°25./ Arenaria graminifolia/ Arduin Spec. 2. t. 8" was traced in LINN (sheet n°. 585.51!). The same sheet bears in Linnaeus' handwriting: "Ard./grandiflora", and it seems that Pietro Arduino sent this specimen to Linnaeus. We have no knowledge of any correspondence between Linnaeus and Arduino before 1761 (Tomas Anfiilt UPS and C. Jarvis BM in !itt.). This date therefore strongly suggests that this specimen (LINN 585.51) was not in Linnaeus' possession in 1759, and that he drafted his phrase-name on the basis of the description and illustration given by ALuoNI (1755). Supporting the idea that Linnaeus had no direct knowledge of the species, is the fact that the afore-mentioned specimen (LINN 585.51) clearly belongs to Minuartia graminifolia (Ard.) Jav. subsp. clandestina (Portenschl.) Mattf. The same sheet (LINN 585.51) bears the following note in J. E. Smith's handwriting: "graminea JES. Mss./ non Sp. Pl. 608./sed Mss".
The Allioni plate appears to correspond well with the Linnaean diagnostic polynomial, it is faithful and detailed enough to be critically identifiable -stems are 1 to 3-flowered, leaves have a prominent keel-like midrib beneath and a long arista, petals are entire, oblong-obovate - and it is clearly referable to what is currently known as A. grandiflora. Allioni's illustration is therefore designated here as lectotype of A. grandiflora L. The formal citation is:
Arenaria grandiflora L., Syst. Naturae (ed. 10°), 2: 1034. 1759.- LT: Allioni, Rar. Ped. Stirp. tab. X, fig. I. 1755.
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Fig. 3- Lectotype of C. arvense L. var. strictum Koch: specimen on the left of the sheet (n° 909.200-103, L).
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NOMENCLATURAL INVESTIGATIONS IN CERASTIUM STRICTUM ETC. 181
AcKNOWLEDGMENTs
I wish to acknowledge Professors G. Moggi and E. Nardi for their critical revision of the text; Dr. C.E. Jarvis for his very helpful comments and suggestions, and for the linguistic revision of the text; the Directors and Keepers of Leiden and Uppsala Herbaria.
LITERATURE
AlliONI C., 1755.- Rariorum Pedemontii Stirpium Specimen primum. Augustae Taurinorum. BINZ A. & THOMMEN E., 1953. - Flore de Ia Suisse. Lausanne. DE CANDOLLE A.P., 1815.- Flore franfaise. Suppl. 5. Paris. FRIEDRICH H.-CHR., 1969. - Cerastium L. In: HEGI G., Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa. 3/2, Lief 6: 902-
932. (2° Auf!.) Miinchen. GAUDIN I., 1828. - Flora Helvetica. 3. Turici. GRAEBNER P., 1917.- Cerastium L. In: AscHERSON P. & GRAEBNER P., Synopsis der mitteleuropiiischen Flora
5/1, Lief 93: 545-624. Leipzig-Neuruppin. GREUTER W., BARRIE F.R., BuRDET H.M., CHALONER W.G., DEMoULIN V., HAWKSWORTH D.L.,}0RGENSEN
P.M., NICOLSON D.H., SILVA P.C., TREHANE P. & McNEILL}., 1994.- International Code of botanical nomenclature (Tokyo Code). Regnum Veg., 131.
HAENKE T., 1788. - Observationes botanicae in Bohemia, Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Tyroli, Hungaria factae in: }ACQUIN N.J., Collectanea 2: 3-96. Vindobonae.
HALLER A. voN, 1742. - Enumeratio methodica Stirpium Helvetiae indigenarum. Gottingae. HALLER A. VON, 1768.- Historia stirpium indigenarum Helvetiae. Bernae. HALLER A. VON, 1795. - leones Plantarum Helvetiae. Bernae. HEGI G., 1912. - Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa. 3. Miinchen. HEss H.E., LANDOLT E. & HIRZEL R., 1967.- Flora der Schweiz. Band 1. Basel und Stuttgart. jACKSON B.D., 1912. -Index to the Linnean Herbarium with indication of the types of species marked by Carl
von Linne. Proc. Linn. Soc. London. sess. 124: Suppl. }ALAS J., 1964. - Cerastium L. (perennial species). In: TunN T.G. et al. (ed.), Flora Europaea. 1: 136-145.
Cambridge University Press. }ALAs]., 1993.- Cerastium L. (perennial species). In: TunN T.G. et al. (ed.), Flora Europaea 1: 164-175. (ed.
2°). Cambridge University Press. }uEL H.O., 1936.- Joachim Burser's hortus siccus. Symb. Bot. Upsal. 2(1): 1-187. KocH W.D.J., 1834.- Cerastium strictum Haenke. In: STURM}., Deutschlands Flora. 15. 64: 7. Nurnberg. KocH W.D.J., 1835.- Synopsis Florae germanicae et helveticae. Francofurti ad Moenum. LINNAEUS C., 1753.- Species Plantarum. Stockholm. LINNAEUS C., 1759.- Systema Naturae. 2. (10° ed.). Holmiae. LINNAEUS C., 1762 -Species Plantarum. (2° ed.). Stockholm. MAcHULE M., 1963. - Vorschlag zu einer Neugliederung des mitteleuropiiischen Cerastium-arvense-Komplexes.
Hessische Florist. Briefe, Jg. 12, Brief 143: 57-60. MAIRE R., 1963.- Flore de !'Afrique du Nord. 9. Paris. MERTENS J.C. & KocH W.D.J., 1831. - Cerastium L. In: RoHLINGS J.C., Deutschlands Flora 3: 331-358.
Frankfurt. MoscHL W., 1973. - Uber die Cerastien Osterreichs. Mitt. naturwiss. Ver. Steiermark 103: 141-169. Rico C., 1990. - Cerastium L. In: CASTROVIEJO S., LAfNz M., L6PEZ GoNZALEZ G., MoNTSERRAT P.,
MuNoz GARMENDIA F., PAIVA J. & VILLAR L. (Eds.), Flora Iberica 2: 260-283. Madrid. RoHLENA}., 1913.- Funfter Beitrag zur Flora von Montenegro. Sitzungsber. Konig!. Bi:ihm. Ges. Wiss. (Prag)
Jg.1912: 1-143. SAVAGE S., 1937. - Caroli Linnaei determinationes in hortum siccum Joachimi Burseri. Linnean Society.
London. SAVAGES., 1945.- A catalogue of the Linnaean Herbarium. Linnean Society. London. SERINGE N.C., 1824.- Cerastium L. In: DE CANDOLLE A.P., Prodromus systematis natura/is regni vegetabilis 1:
414-421. Paris, Strasbourg, London. UGBOROGHO R.E., 1977.- North American Cerastium arvense L.: taxonomy, reproductive system and evolution.
Phyton 35(2): 169-187. VEST L.C. VON, 1820. - Bemerkungen uber einige Arten der Gattungen Cerastium und Stellaria. Flora Bot. z.
3: 353-363. ZANGHERI P., 1976.- Flora Italica. 1. Padova.
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Summary
The earlier lectotypification of C. strictum L. is superseded as being in conflict with the protologue. The new lectotype, a specimen in the Burser Herbarium explicity cited in the protologue, agrees with the original diagnosis and belongs to Arenaria grandi/lora L. As a consequence, C. strictum L. becomes a taxonomic synonym of A. grandiflora. The oldest legitimate name for C. strictum auct. non L., is C. arvense L. var. strictum Koch. Since most authors have used C. strictum in a sense excluding the Linnaean type, its treatment as a synonym of A. grandi/lora, fits the widely held idea that Linnaeus described under C. strictum something that did not belong in Cerastium. Types for C. arvense L. var. strictum Koch and A. grandi/lora L. are also designated.
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