November 16 - atad-isa.com · Society (Association Tunisienne pour une Agriculture Durable, ATAD) and the Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem. It is our great pleasure and

2 2nd

Africa-International Allelopathy Congress – November 16th

– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

3 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

Sponsoring Institutions

Ministry of Higher Education and

Scientific Research

وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي

Tunisian Association for Sustainable

Agriculture Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott

Mariem Graduate College of

ISA-CM

Sousse Governorate

I S Ac h o t t M é r i e m

The Minister of Agriculture

وزارة الفالحة

Ministry of Agriculture Institution of Agricultural Research and Higher Education Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Sousse Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem Graduate College of ISA-CM Regional Center of Research on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture of Chott-Mariem Research Unit “AGROBIODIVERSITE” Research Unit "Integrated Horticultural Production in Tunisian Centre-East" Technical Center of Organic Agriculture

Sponsoring Company Bioprotection Company

Organizing Committee Bouthaina Dridi Al Mohandes (ISA-CM/ATAD, Tunisia)

Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine (CRRHAB/ATAD, Tunisia)

Ikbal Chaieb (CRRHAB/ATAD, Tunisia)

Khemais Abdellaoui (ISA-CM/ATAD, Tunisia)

Mejda Daami-Remadi (CRRHAB/ATAD, Tunisia)

Messaoud Mars (ISA-CM/CRRHAB, Tunisia)

Mohsen Boubaker (ISA-CM, Tunisia)

Rabiaa Haouala (ISA-CM/ATAD, Tunisia,)

Raoudha Khanfir-Ben Jenana (ISA-CM/ATAD, Tunisia)

Sami El Moatamri (ISA-CM, Tunisia).

Zied Borgi (CTAB, Tunisia)

Nawaim Ammar (FSB, Tunisia)

Khouloud Zarrad (ISA-CM, Tunisia)

Ines Zribi (ISBM, Tunisia)

Haifa Sbai (ISA-CM, Tunisia)

Meriem Miladi (ISA-CM, Tunisia)

Scientific Committee Bouthaina Dridi Al Mohandes (ISA-CM/ATAD, Tunisia)

Bouzid Nasraoui (INAT, Tunisia)

Dalila Haouas (ESAK, Tunisia)

Fatma Acheuk (M’hamed Bougara University, Algeria)

Hajer Regaieg (ISA-CM, Tunisia)

Hamadi Boussetta ((ISA-CM, Tunisia)

Hamed M El-Shora (Mansoura University, Egypt)

Hayfa Jabnoun-Khiareddine (CRRHAB/ATAD, Tunisia)

Hisashi Kato-Noguchi (Kagawa University, Japan)

Ibrahim S. Alsaadawi (Iraq)

İbrahim İlker Özyiğit (Turkey)

Ikbal Chaieb (CRRHAB/ATAD, Tunisia)

Jouda Mediouni (INRAT, Tunisia)

Khemais Abdellaoui (ISA-CM/ATAD, Tunisia)

Lamia Hamrouni (INRGREF, Tunisia)

Mejda Daami-Remadi (CRRHAB/ATAD, Tunisia)

Messaoud Mars (ISA-CM / CRRHAB, Tunisia)

Moncef Ben Hammouda (ESAK, Tunisia)

Neziha Ghanem-Boughanmi (FST-Bizerte, Tunisia)

Rabiaa Haouala (ISA-CM/ATAD, Tunisia,)

Raoudha Khanfir-Ben Jenana (ISA-CM/ATAD, Tunisia)

Saïda Messgo-Moumene (Blida University, Algeria)

Samia Gargouri (INRAT, Tunisia)

Saoussen Benzarti (ESA Mograne, Tunisia)

Sonia Boukhris-Bouhachem (INRAT, Tunisia)

Welcome address Second Africa-International Allelopathy Congress

Dear Participants, On behalf of the Organizing Committee, we warmly welcome all Participants of the Second Africa-

International Allelopathy Congress, November 16-19, 2016, Organised by the Sustainable Agriculture Society (Association Tunisienne pour une Agriculture Durable, ATAD) and the Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem.

It is our great pleasure and honour to share that over 130 participants, from abroad and Tunisia, have Registered on this second Conference, Tunisia (75), Pakistan (5), Algeria (17), Iraq (4), Egypt (13), Japan (1), Turkey (2), Qatar (1), Jordan (1). This Allelopathy Conference is being organized in African Continent for the second time, we are highly enthused by your keen interest and willingness to participate in this Conference.

The number of expected participants to this event reflects that we share a common interest in the intriguing ‘Science of Allelopathy’ with many scientists worldwide. The goals of the congress are: to provide a venue for coming together the Allelopathy scientists from Africa and other continents, to share our Current Research in Allelopathy and to learn about new ideas and techniques.

The theme of the 2nd Africa-International Allelopathy Congress is « ALLELOPATHY FOR SUSTAINABILITY”. Known as the ability to continue a defined behavior indefinitely, the sustainability requires that the behavior we wish to continue indefinitely must be clear. A complete definition of sustainability is based on three aspects: environmental, economic, and social sustainability, which form its three pillars. Environmental sustainability is the ability to maintain rates of renewable resource harvest, pollution reduction, and non-renewable resource depletion that can be continued indefinitely. Economic sustainability is the ability to support a defined level of economic production indefinitely. Social sustainability is the ability of a social system, to function at a defined level of social well being indefinitely. On the other hand, Allelopathy is a safe alternative to sustain development in agriculture and forestry and maintenance of a clean environment for future generations. It aims to reduce the environmental pollution and maintain an ecological balance in fauna and flora through reduced use of nitrogenous fertilizers and pesticides and their substitution with biological nitrogen fixation and natural bio-based products. Hence the theme chosen for this second edition of AIAC 2016 is “ALLELOPATHY FOR SUSTAINABILITY”. This Conference aims (i) To bring together active allelopathy researchers from Worldwide, (ii) To highlight the present status of research in the thrust areas and to plan for the future, (iii), To review progress, (iv), To identify constraints and (v), To project future goals for Basic and Applied Allelopathy Research in Organic Agriculture.

This publication includes all accepted abstracts. The Technical Programme contains Plenary Lectures (6) and more than 43 Oral Presentations and 70 Posters classified in 5 different Themes. We are sure the deliberations during this Conference would be of great academic feast to the young scholars/researchers.

We hope that all of you will enjoy the Congress and stay in Sousse, establish Networks to support future research in this exciting area, enjoy delicious Tunisian cuisine and have fun in Sousse. We wish for all the participants a pleasant stay in Sousse, Tunisia. Prof. Rabiaa Haouala Organizing Committee Chairwoman

Summary

Program

Plenary and Invited Lectures 1

Oral Presentations 8

Theme 1: Allelopathy in Sustainable and Organic Agriculture 9

Theme 2: Allelopathy in Natural Ecosystems 27

Theme 3: Chemistry of Allelochemicals 34

Theme 4: Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of

Allelopathy

41

Theme 5: Allelopathy Mechanisms and Interactions 48

Poster Presentations 58

Author Index 118

1 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

Programme Wednesday, November 16

2:00 pm Arrival and registration

Thursday, November 17

8:00 Registration

9:00-9:45 Opening ceremony and Group Photo

9:45-10:00 Coffee break

THEME 1

ALLELOPATHY IN SUSTAINABLE AND ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

Session 1 Chairmen: Prof. Hamadi Boussetta & Prof. Moncef Ben Hammouda

10:00-10:30

10:30-10:40

Pl1 Prof. Hamed M. El-Shora (Egypt)

Allelopathic Mechanisms and its Biochemical Interaction

Discussion

10:40-10:55 OP1 Effect of different weed management strategies in chickpea yield. Ijaz AHMED

KHAN

10:55-11:10 OP2 Effect of IWM (Environmental friendly tactic) for controlling of Asphodelus

tenuifolius and other associated weeds in chickpea. Imtiaz KHAN

11:10-11:25 OP3 Allelopathic effect of sunflower residue on emergence and growth of some

weeds, crops and soil Chemical characteristic. Nabil R. LAHMOD

11:25-11:40 OP4 Interactive effect of sesame, green gram and cotton. Javaid IQBAL

11:40-11:55 OP5 Effect of allelopathic sorghum mulch on growth and yield of baba bean (Vicia

faba, L) and companion weeds. Arwa A. TAWFIQ

11:55-12:10 OP6 Evaluation of the allelopathic potential of some crops against Hypericum spp.

Houda JENFAOUI

12:10-12:25 OP7 Evaluation of allelopathic potential of previous crops against chrysanthemum

(Glebionis coronaria L.) resistant to chemical herbicides in cereal. Zeineb

HADA

12:25-14:00 LUNCH

2 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

Session 2 Chairmen: Prof. Bouzid Nasraoui & Prof. İbrahim İlker Özyiğit

14:00-14:30 PL2 Prof. Ibrahim S. Alsaadawi (Iraq)

Application of Allelopathy in weed management

14:30-14:40 Discussion

14:40-14:55 OP8 Allelopathic effect of a sorghum hybrid on four barley varieties. Oussama

OUESLATI

14:55-15:10 OP9 Possible use of allelopathy in weed control in organic farming in Turkey. Ahmet

ULUDAG

15:10-15:25 OP10 Development of Microbial activity and its future perspective to sustainable

agriculture in Egypt. Nabil OMAR

15:25-15:40 OP11 Tolerance of biofertilized (Moringa oleifera) seedlings to salt stress. Osama N.

MASSOUD

15:40-15:55 OP12 Studying the allelopathic potential of Oat varieties (Avena sativa L.) combined

with rhizobacteria for biological weed control. Abderrahmen BEN MOUSSA

15:55-16:10 OP13 Biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease in potato using non-pathogenic fungi

colonizing naturally potato plants. Boutheina MEJDOUB-TRABELSI

16:10-16:25 OP14 Potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from Cestrum nocturnum to suppress

Fusarium wilt in tomato and to promote plant growth. Rania AYDI BEN

ABDALLAH

16:25-16:40 OP15 Effect of fodder radish on wilt severity, root-knot nematodes and yield of fakous

(Cucumis melo var. flexuosus). Hayfa JABNOUN-KHIAREDDINE

16:40-16:55 OP16 Screening of aqueous and organic extracts from Lycium arabicum for Fusarium

Crown and Root Rot disease suppression and tomato growth promotion. Ahlem

NEFZI

16:55-17:25

Coffee break

17:25-19:00 Poster session

Chairmen

P1 – P30 Dr. Saoussen Benzarti, Dr. Saïda Messgo-Moumene & Dr. Jouda Mediouni

P31 – P59 Dr. Sonia Boukhris-Bouhachem, Dr. Samia Gargouri & Dr. Hajer Regaieg

19:00 Dinner

3 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

Friday, November 18

THEME II ALLELOPATHY IN NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS

Session 3 Chairmen: Prof. Hamed M El-Shora & Prof. Hisashi Kato-Noguchi

8:30-9:00 PL3 Dr. Bouthaina Dridi Al Mohandes

Organic agriculture in Tunisia: Current status and development prospects


9:10-9:25 OP17 Weeds-Aphids interactions and their effect on the spread of Potato Virus

Y. Sonia BOUKHRIS-BOUHACHEM

9:25-9:40 OP18 Epizootiology of entomophthoralean fungal infection: effect of host plant

and aphid dispersal on the prevalence of Pandora neoaphidis and

Entomophthora planchoniana. Ibtissem BEN FEKIH

9:40-9:55 OP19 Molecular characterization of indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis isolates

toxic to Phthorimaea operculella in Egypt. Bouthaina A. MERDAN

9:55-10:10 OP20 Impact of use of Trichoderma spp. on greenhouse tomato crop and the bio

control of late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary.

Saida MESSGO-MOUMENE

10:10-10:25 OP21 Impact of physico-chemical and biological proprieties of soil on the

allelopathic expression of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. subsp. vulgare).

Imen BOUHAOUEL

10:25-10:40 OP22 Evaluation of allelopathic potential of Pecan (Carya illinoinensis K.Koch)

extracts on germination of Silybum marianum. Khaoula CHIHI


THEME III CHEMISTRY OF ALLELOCHEMICALS

Session 4 Chairmen: Dr. Samia Gargouri & Prof. Ibrahim S. Alsaadawi

11:00-11:30 PL4 Prof. Moncef Ben Hammouda

Role of phenolics in the auto-toxicity potential of Durum-Wheat 11:30-11:40 Discussion

11:40-11:55 OP23 The allelochemicals of Erica multiflora, Globularia alypum and Cistus

monspeliensis leaf extracts and their potential as natural herbicide in weed

control. Sana DALLALI

11:55-12:10 OP24 Allelopathic effects of Centaurea sp. on seeds germination and growth

of Sulla coronaria, Rhaphanus sativus, Lens culinaris, and Triticum

durum. Chadlia HACHANI

4 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

12:10-12:25 OP25 Drying effect on chemical composition and pesticidal activities of

essential oils from Cymbopogon citrates. Amel BEN HAMOUDA

12:25-12:40 OP26 Bio-insecticidal activity of Artemisia campestris (Asterales, Asteraceae)

essential oil against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera,

Tenebrionidae). Dalila HAOUAS

12:40-12:55 OP27 Chemical Composition and Allelopathic Activity of Trigonella foenum-

graecum aqueous extracts against the black bean aphid Aphis fabae

Scopoli. Arbia BOUSSELMI

12:55-13:05 OP28 Valorization of the allelopathic potential of Peganum harmala extracts for

the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wied (Diptera:

Tephritidae). Wissal ISSAMI

13:05-14:00 Lunch

14:00-19:00 Marine Trip

19:00-21:00 Dinner

21:00 GALA (Traditional Evening)

Saturday, November 19

THEME IV PHYSIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF

ALLELOPATHY

Session 5 Chairmen: Dr. Lamia Hamrouni & Dr. Fatma Acheuk

8:00-8:30 PL5 Prof. İbrahim İlker Özyiğit

Insights and Prospects into Allelopathic Plants in

Biotechnological Applications 8:30-8:40 Discussion

8:40-8:55 OP29 Use of Phenylacetonitrile alone and combined with Pergularia tomentosa

extract as control agents against the desert locust Schistocerca gregari.

Meriem MILADI

8:55-9:10 OP30 Evaluation of Allelopathic Potential of Schinus molle Phyllodes extract on

two crops (Hordeum vulgare, Lactuca sativa) and two weeds (Chenopodium

murale, Diplotaxis harra). Mohamed MEHDAOUI

9:10-9:25 OP31 The allelochemicals of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf extract and its

potential as natural herbicide in weed control. Aida Grichi

9:25-9:40 OP32 Endophytic colonization of maize (Zea mays v.) root plants by PGPRs under

salinity stress. Hana A. ABO-KORA

5 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

9:40-9:55 OP33 Evaluation of the antifungal activity of the protein and non-protein extracts of

Trichoderma asperellum and Trichoderma atroviride culture filtrates against

Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary. Saida MESSGO-MOUMENE

9:55-10:10 OP34 Differential allelopathic potential of Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) cultivars

using chemical and molecular techniques. Tamara A. AL-K


THEME V ALLELOPATHY MECHANISMS AND INTERACTIONS

Session 6 Chairmen: Prof. Neziha Boughanmi & Prof. Messaoud Mars

10:25-10:55 PL6 Prof. Hisashi Kato-Noguchi (Japan)

Rice allelochemical momilactone, discovery, function and mode of action


11:05-11:20 OP35 Growth response of Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Horse purslane) towards

different weed extracts. Muhammad Ishfaq KHAN

11:20-11:35 OP36 Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of weeds on the germination and

seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Zahid HUSSAIN

11:35-11:50 OP37 Allelopathic activity of some grass straws in Tunisia. Saoussen

BENZARTI

11:50-12:05 OP38 Allelopathic potential of Prosopis juliflora on early seedling growth of four

agricultural crops. Rami RAHMANI

12:05-12:20 OP39 Allelopathic activities of the invasive plant Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC in

Qatar and its antifungal potential to post-harvest diseases in fruits.

Mohammed H. ABU-DIEYEH

12:20-12:35 OP40 Evaluation of effectiveness of tomato-associated rhizobacteria for the

biocontrol of Rhizoctonia Root Rot disease and the promotion of tomato

growth. Nada OUHAIBI-BEN ABDELJALIL

12:35-12:50 OP41 Antifungal potential of compost-associated fungi and their cell-free culture

filtrates against Rhizoctonia solani the causal agent of black scurf and stem

canker in potato. Rabeb EL KHALDI

12:50-13:05 OP42 Control of Fusarium dry rot in potato using aqueous and organic extracts of

the brown algae Sargassum vulgare (C. Agardh, 1820). Nawaim AMMAR

13:05-13:20 OP43 Essential oils from Cinnamomum and Eucalyptus species as a potential

source of nematicidal compounds. Ilhem GUESMI-MZOUGHI

13:20 Lunch break

14:00 Closing Ceromony

Plenary and Invited Lectures

1 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse



2 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

PL.1 Allelopathic Mechanisms and its Biochemical Interaction

Hamed M EL-SHORA

Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Egypt

[email protected]

Allelopathy, the chemical inhibition of one plant species by another, represents a form

of chemical warfare between plants competing for limited light, water, and nutrient resources.

The mechanism of allelopathic effect depends on phytotoxic allelochemicals. Allelochemicals

are products of secondary metabolism with few exceptions of primary metabolism. These

allelochemicals have basically four precursors: acetyl coenzyme A, shikimic acid, mevalonic

acid and deoxyxylulose phosphate. Based on these precursors secondary metabolites can be

grouped into three main chemicals classes: terpenoids, N-containing compounds and phenolic

compounds. Several modes of actions of the allelopathy including influence of several

physiological reactions, such as transpiration, water utilization, photosystem II (PSII)

efficiency, nutrient uptake, dark respiration, ATP synthesis, cell cycle, phytohormone

metabolism, reactive oxygen species generation (ROS), and gene expression, etc. The

biochemical studies of ROS indicate that they are either toxic byproducts of aerobic

metabolism or key regulators of growth, development, and the defense pathway. Toxic ROS

induced by allelochemicals affect membrane permeability, cause damage to DNA, protein

carbonylation, amino acid oxidation, induce lipid peroxidation, and ultimately lead to

programmed cell death. Allelochemical-induced peroxidation of root cell membranes by ROS

seems more likely to be the main mechanism, since the root is the first organ to be exposed to

allelochemicals in the rhizosphere. Under allelopathy the activity of plasma membrane

NAD(P)H oxidase increases and associated with increased superoxide radical (O2.), hydroxyl

radical (OH.) and H2O2 production. The application of the allelopathic properties of some

crops has been suggested for weed management due to the possibility of reducing the

application of expensive, pollutant synthetic herbicides.

Keywords: Allelopathy; Biochemical; Interaction; Mechanisms of action.


3 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

PL.2 Application of Allelopathy in weed management

Ibrahim S. ALSAADAWI

Department of Biology, College of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq,

[email protected]

Allelopathy has brought the attention of researchers over the past four decades with aim

to exploit this phenomenon or using allelochemical molecules as weed management strategy

alternative to the synthetic chemical herbicides. Several weed management methods, in which

allelopathy is involved, have been developed such as utilizing allelopathic crop in crop

rotation, crop mixture and intercropping, applying allelopathic crop residues as mulches,

cover crop and smother crop and searching for allelopathic molecules with potential

herbicidal activity. Allelopathic plant extract and residues have been also used to control

weeds in several crops. However, in most cases the efficacy of weed suppression by these

methods was below the efficacy of herbicides. Recently, substantial scope has initiated to

reduce the herbicide rate when applied together with allelopathic crop water extracts and

residues. By using this method, it was found that combination of 50% of recommended doses

of different herbicides with allelopathic crops extract and residue scored weed suppression

and yield similar to that of recommended herbicide applied alone. This paper compiles the

achievements from the use of allelopathy and allelopathins (allelochemicals) in weed

management practices. Particular attention is given to utilize allelopathic crops residue in

combination with lower rate of herbicides as a potential and feasible method for weed

management in different crops.

Keywords: Allelopathy; Management; Weed.

mailto:[email protected]


4 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

PL.3 Organic agriculture in Tunisia: Current status and development prospects

Bouthaina DRIDI AL MOHANDES

Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, Sousse

University of Sousse, Tunisia

[email protected]

The green revolution occurred in the 60th

helped feed people and prevent famine, but it

also contributed to widespread pollution by pesticides, a massive loss of diversity and agro-

biodiversity, and soil erosion and salinization. Organic farming appeared to reduce the impact

of these issues on the environment and human health. In Tunisia, organic agriculture was

initiated in the 80th

and was adopted in 1997-1998. Since that, Tunisia has become a key

player in organic farming. Indeed, with an area of 219 800 ha and a total production of

158 310T, it is ranked 1st among Arab countries, 2

nd in Africa and 24

th in the world over 160

countries that practice organic farming. However, this sector suffers from certain handicaps,

especially, lack of inputs needed to produce organically, lack of diversity in the products

offered to local consumers and for export and absence of an organized market for organic

products. To solve these problems, various attempts have been made in order to diversify

techniques allowing good production in lower cost and also to create an organized market for

organic products. In fact, many surveys were conducted among Tunisian consumers, and after

skinning, they show that consumers are very favorable for the consumption of fresh organic

products and are even willing to pay more for these products. Similarly, for the export market,

there is an increased demand on all kinds of fresh organic products. Besides, the use of

allelopathy benefits, theme of this conference, should be one of the techniques that organic

farmers have to use nowadays. Indeed, it is a safe alternative to sustain development in

agriculture and forestry and to maintain a clean environment for our future generations. It

aims to reduce environment pollution and to maintain an ecological balance in fauna and flora

through reduced use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and their replacement by biological

nitrogen fixation and bio-based products.

Keywords: Allelopathy; Current status; Development; Organic agriculture; Tunisia.



5 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

PL.4 Role of phenolics in the auto-toxicity potential of Durum-Wheat

Chahira KHAMASSI, Oussama OUESLATI and Moncef BEN-HAMMOUDA*

Higher School of Agriculture of Kef, Jendouba University – Tunisia

*[email protected]

Lately, research on the allelopathy of cereals increased considerably, with a particular

interest for allelochemicals and their effects in agronomy of cereal production. The first part

of this present work aimed to: i) study the durum wheat allelopathic potential using the

technique of germination bio-assays and seedlings growth, and ii) identify water-extract

phyto-toxicity of the whole durum-wheat (Triticum durum L.) plant residues and separate

residues of roots, stems and leaves The second part was about the determination of total-

phenolics of the whole durum wheat plant, based on its components (roots, stems, leaves)

contents, using spectrophotometry techniques. Total-phenolics of different sources were

regressed on their allelopathic potentials. Mature plants of five durum-wheat varieties

(`Karim', `Khiar', ` Nasr', `Om-rabii', ‘Razzek') were collected from plots of a yield trial

conducted in a “Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)” with four blocks. For bio-

assays, treatments (water-extracts) were applied in a “Complete Randomized Design (CRD)”,

with four repetitions. An analysis of variances was computed for all measured parameters.

Results showed that germination bio-assays did not appear as a sensitive test to detect

allelopathic potential of durum-wheat, whereas seedlings growth bio-assays allowed the

identification of a significant allelopathic potential in an auto-toxicity form, expressing an

inhibition of radicle growth, especially with leaf water-extract. Inhibition of radicle growth

was significant, whereas a significant stimulation of coleoptile growth was observed. In

addition, total-phenolics contents varied significantly among plant components within the

same variety, but were not significant among varieties with regard to the whole plant. For the

five tested varieties, leaves accumulated more phenolics than stems or roots. Auto-toxicity

was significantly correlated with total-phenolics contents in the three studied components

(roots, stems, leaves), representing all together the whole durum-wheat plant for separate

tested varieties

Keywords: Allelopathy; Auto-toxicity; Durum wheat; Total phenolics.


6 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

PL.5 Insights and Prospects into Allelopathic Plants in Biotechnological

Applications

İbrahim İlker ÖZYIĞIT

Department of Biology, Goztepe Campus, Kadikoy

Istanbul, 34722, Turkey

[email protected]

In food security and sustainable agriculture, the allelopathy has found vast applications

since it provided a natural control in management with weeds, insects, pests or diseases. It

also paved the way for a replacement with the previous destructive mechanical approaches

and hazardous chemicals in agricultural applications. Plant allelopathy, a biological

phenomenon, is usually defined as the production of biochemicals by plants that can influence

the reproduction, survivability, and growth and development of other organisms. These

biochemicals or allelochemicals employ their effects on target organisms in either way;

beneficially (positive allelopathy) or detrimentally (negative allelopathy). So, engineering of

the plants with strong allelopathic capability could help improve the stress tolerance in plants

thereby can enhance the plant productivity. Plants can produce very diverse group of

allelochemicals such as straight-chain alcohols, water-soluble organic acids, aliphatic

aldehydes, ketones, long-chain fatty acids and polyacetylenes, simple lactones, phenolics,

cinnamic acid and its derivatives, flavonoids, quinines, tannins, terpenoids, steroids and

coumarins. From biotechnological perspective, gene or genes modulating the synthesis of

these allelopathic compounds could be transformed between or among species using

biological vectors (virus or bacteria-mediated transformation), direct DNA transfer methods

(chemical, electrical, or laser-induced transformation) and non-biological systems

(microprojectiles, microinjection or liposome fusion), and then efficiently transformed plants

could be developed in the established culture systems. The successful applications can be

further applied to the bioreactors to produce the large quantities of these allelochemicals for

commercial purposes. Thus, research efforts should be intensified on the identification and

characterization of more plants with solid allelopathic potentials, and if wisely employed, this

phenomenon can be a very effective natural method in agricultural management.

Keywords: Allelopathy; Allelochemicals; Biotechnological Applications; Plant engineering;

Stress tolerance


7 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

PL.6 Rice allelochemical momilactone, discovery, function and mode of action

Hisashi KATO-NOGUCHI

Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki,

Kagawa 761-0795, Japan

[email protected]

Rice has been extensively studied with respect to its allelopathy as part of a strategy for

sustainable weed management options． Many varieties of rice inhibited the growth of

several weed species under the field and laboratory conditions. All available information

indicates that rice plants possibly release allelochemicals into the neighboring environments.

We have isolated diterpenoid compounds, momilactones in rice root exudates. Although a

large number of compounds, such as phenolic acids, fatty acids, indoles and terpenes were

identified in rice root exudates, the studies demonstrate that momilactones are the most

important rice allelochemicals. Momilactones inhibited the growth of several weeds, such as

Amaranthus lividus, Digitaria sanginalis, Poa annua, Echinochloa crus-galli and E. colonum.

Rice plants secrete momilactones from their roots into the neighboring environments over

their entire life cycle at phytotoxic levels, and momilactones are able to account for the

majority of the observed rice allelopathy. In addition, momitactone deficient mutants of rice,

which can produce phenolic acids, exhibited significantly reduced allelopathic potential,

demonstrating that momitactones serve as an important rice allelochemicals. Momilactones

also inhibited the growth of Arabidopsis and three momilactone high-sensitive and two low-

sensitive mutants of Arabidopsis were identified. Those mutations were related to the

flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Then, the expressions of the genes involved in flavonoid

biosynthesis were determined by real-time PCR. The results indicate that momilactones

inhibit the growth of Arabidopsis due to its involvement in the gene expressions in the

flavonoid biosynthesis. In conclusion, the allelopathic activity of the momilactones may play

an important ecological role in rice evolution. Perhaps more importantly, identification of

momilactones as the major allelochemicals in rice provides a molecular marker for breeding

and/or engineering efforts directed at increasing allelopathy of this critical staple food crop.

Keywords: Allelochemicals; Diterpenoid compounds; Mode of action; Momilactone; Rice;

Weed inhibition.

8 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

Oral Presentations

9 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

T1 - Allelopathy in Sustainable and Organic Agriculture

Oral Presentations


10 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP1. Effect of different weed management strategies in chickpea yield

Ijaz AHMED KHAN*, Zaheen ULLAH, Rahamdad and Gul HASSAN

Department of Weed Science, University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan.

* [email protected]

A field experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Station Ahmad Wala,

Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province during rabi season of 2010-011 to study the effect of

different weed management practices on weed control in chickpea under field conditions. The

results revealed that treatments showed significant influence on weed density, seed yield kg

ha-1

and other growth parameters. Significantly lower weed density (98 m-2

) was recorded

with the application of Isoproturon 500 EW as compared to control plots having 368.3 weeds

m-2

. Moreover, significantly highest seed yield (1583.3 kg ha

-1) was produced in the plots

assigned with Isoproturon 500 EW followed by Eucalyptus extract that produce seed yield of

1416.7 kg ha-1

. It was concluded from the study that Isoproturon 500 EW is the best option for

controlling weeds and increase the seed yield kg ha-1

of chickpea.

Keywords: Chickpea; Herbicides; Weed control; Weeds extracts.

Oral Presentations


11 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP2. Effect of IWM (Environmental friendly tactic) for controlling of Asphodelus

tenuifolius and other associated weeds in chickpea

Imtiaz KHAN*, Muhammad ISHFAQ KHAN, and Ijaz AHMAD KHAN

Department of Weed Science, University of Agriculture, Peshawar-Pakistan

*[email protected]

Field research was carried out at the Ahmadwala research station “District Karak”

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan to study the effect of different herbicides, mulches and

allelopathic weed extracts to control wild onion and other associated weeds in chickpea. The

experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three

replications. Chickpea cultivar ‘Chattan’ were grown. Ten different weed control methods,

Control (for comparison), Stomp 330 EC (Pre) @ 2.5 lit ha-1

, Fenxaprop-e-ethyl, Bromoxanil

+MCPA (Tank mixture of both herbicides), Starane-M, Mulching (Eucalyptus leaves),

Mulching (Wheat straw mulch), allelopathic weed extract (Asphodelus tenuifolius) + Stomp,

allelopathic weed extract (Cyperus rotendus), allelopathic weed extract (Sorghum helepense)

were used in this experiment. Data were recorded on A. tenuifolius density m-2

before

application of weed management practices (m-2

), A. tenuifolius density m-2

after application of

weed management practices (m-2

), A. tenuifolius fresh weight (m-2

), A. tenuifolius dry weight

(m-2

), plant height at maturity (cm), number of nodes plant-1

, number of branches plant-1

, leaf

area index (LAI), number of pods plant-1

, number of seed pods-1

, 500 seed weight (g),

biological yield (kg ha-1

), pod yield (kg ha-1

), benefit-cost ratio. The data showed that

maximum A. tenuifolius density, fresh weight (m-2

) and dry weight (m-2

) were recorded for

control plots (74.33 m-2

, 287.46 kg m-2

, 85.49 kg m-2

) as minimum A. tenuifolius density,

fresh weight (m-2

) and dry weight (m-2

) were observed for Stomp 330 EC (6.33 m-2

, 1.98 kg

m-2

, 0.89 kg m-2

) which is statistically non significant from Fenxaprop-e-ethyl 6.9 EC (10.33

m-2

, 3.03 kg m-2

, 1.02 kg m-2

). Among the growth related parameters maximum plant height at

maturity (36.90 cm), number of nodes plant-1

(26.73), number of branches plant-1

(8.53), leaf

area index (1.56), number of pods plant-1

(24.53) were recorded for Stomp 330 EC as lowest

data were recorded for control plot. Similarly, highest number of seed pods-1

(1.46), 500 seed

weight (1.46 g), biological yield (3823 kg ha-1

), pod yield (1781.7 kg ha-1

) and benefit-cost

ratio (3.47) as lowest data were observed for control plot. Hence, to control wild onion and

other associated weeds of chickpea, it is recommended that Stomp 330 EC and Fenoxaprop-e-

ethyl should be use as pre-emergence herbicides at their recommended dose.

Keywords: Allelopathy; Chickpea; Herbicides; Mulches; Wild onion.

Oral Presentations


12 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP3. Allelopathic effect of sunflower residue on emergence and growth of some

weeds, crops and soil Chemical characteristic

Nabil R. LAHMOD

*, Abdolkarim H. ODAFA, and Ahmed F. ALJBORY

Wasit university, college of Agriculture, Iraq

*[email protected]

To investigate allelopathic effect of sunflower residue on emergence and growth of

some weeds, crops and soil chemical characteristic, two experiments were conducted during

2013 and 2014 in agriculture college of wasit university. The first experiment was conducted

at pots by CRD design to test activeness of two sunflower residue rates (3 and 6g per kg soil)

on emergence and growth of wheat , barley , broad bean and six species of broad and narrow

leaves weeds. The second experiment was conducted in field by RCBD design to study of

sunflower residue effectiveness (rate 6 g per kg soil) on growth of broad bean crop and

companion weeds, and some soil characteristic compared with Trifluralin herbicide( 600ml

per dunam). Pots experiment result showed a high significant effect of sunflower residue on

narrow leaves weed suppressive, compared with broad leaves weeds. Sunflower residue

significant effect on wheat and barley crops, while, not significant effect on broad bean crop.

Field experiment result showed the same trend of sunflower residue effect on weed biomass

and without significant effect with trifluralin herbicide treatments, however, increased dry

weight of broad bean compared with control and herbicide treatment. Positive effects of

sunflower residue was appeared on availability of some minerals nutrient in soil as Nitrogen ,

potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, sulfur, and organic matter, while, lowering PH, electrical

capacity (EC), Sodium and Chlorine were slightly increased result to sunflower residue, but

not arrived critical level that effect on crop. We can conclude that sunflower residue could be

used as a feasible and environmentally sound weed management and enhancement soil

characteristic and broad bean growth.

Keywords: Allelopathic; Crops; Soil chemical characteristic; Sunflower residue; Weeds.


Oral Presentations


13 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP4. Interactive effect of sesame, green gram and cotton

Javaid IQBAL1*

, Adnan NOOR SHAH2, Safdar HUSSAIN

1, and Muhammad Ishaq Asif REHMANI

1

1 Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab. Pakistan

2 MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the

Yangtze River College of Plant Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan,

P.R. China,

*[email protected]

Choice of crops in an intercropping system plays a vital role in increasing the

productivity. In mix-cropping replacement method, different densities of neighbor species are

planted to study phytotoxic/competitive effects. Allelopathy is a naturally occurring

ecological phenomenon of interference among organisms that may be employed to manage

weeds, insects, pests and diseases in field crops. An experiment to find out the interactive

effect of cotton, sesame and green gram was conducted in pots at College of Agriculture, Dera

Ghazi Khan. Large sized pots with soil capacity of 25 kg were selected. Sesame, green gram

and cotton were sown at different densities as in replacement series. Experiment was laid out

in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with four repetitions. Three possible combinations

of sesame-cotton (3-0, 2-1, 1-2, 0-3), sesame-green gram (3-0, 2-1, 1-2, 0-3) and cotton-green

gram (3-0, 2-1, 1-2, 0-3) were studied. Results showed that cotton plant height increased as

the number of sesame and green gram plants increased while cotton plants pot-1

decreased.

Other cotton parameters such as root length, shoot and root dry weight, sympodial branches,

boll weight, number of bolls per plant, 100-seed weight and seed cotton yield were

significantly reduced given an increase of sesame plants. However, these cotton parameters

were improved by increasing green gram plants while sesame plant population decreased.

Similarly, sesame plant height was improved by increasing the number of cotton and green

gram plants pot-1

. The effect of sesame and cotton was deleterious against green gram.

Therefore, high stature crops (as main crop) can be grown with short stature leguminous crops

as companion crop.

Keywords: Allelopathy; Cotton; Green gram; Interactive effect; Sesame.


Oral Presentations


14 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP5. Effect of allelopathic sorghum mulch on growth and yield of baba bean (Vicia

faba, L) and companion weeds.

Ibrahim S. ALSAADAWI1, Arwa A. TAWFIQ

2*, and Husam M. MALIH

1

1Department of Biology, College of Science, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.

2 Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq.

* [email protected]

Field experiment was conducted during the growing season of 2015-2016 to test the

effect of allelopathic sorghum mulch on yield of faba bean and companion weeds. Plots (1.5 x

2 m) were covered by dry sorghum residues at 5 and 10 t ha-1

while plots without sorghum

mulch were used as a control. Seeds of faba bean were manually sown at the beginning of

October in all plots in 40 cm spaced crop rows keeping plant to plant distance of 20 cm.

Weed density and weed dry biomass were recorded at two months after sowing. Seed yield

and yield components of faba bean were measured at the end of the growing season using

standard procedures. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design

with four replications. Sorghum mulch at 5 and 10 t ha-1

significantly suppressed weed

density by 62 and 78% of control and weed biomass by 64 and 90 % of control, respectively.

Plots with sorghum mulch at 5 and 10 t ha-1

provided higher broad bean above ground

biomass (2.71 and 3.05 t ha-1

, respectively) which were 43 and 61 % higher than control

treatment. Plots mulched with sorghum residues at 5 and 10 t ha-1

increased seed yield by 73

and 111% over control plots (0.721 t ha-1

). The increase in yield was apparently due to

increase in number of pods per unit area.

Keywords: Growth; Mulch; Sorghum; Vicia faba, L.; Weed yield.

Oral Presentations


15 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP6. Evaluation of the allelopathic potential of some crops against Hypericum spp.

Houda JENFAOUI

*, H. CHAABANE, and T. SOUISSI

Department of Plant Protection and Post-Harvest Diseases

National Institute of Agronomy of Tunis, Tunisia

* [email protected]

Weed infestation in field crops is considered as a major factor contributing to the

reduction in crop quality and yields. Traditionally, weed management practices have included

cultural, mechanical, and predominantly chemical methods. Excessive use of herbicides

during the last 20 years have resulted in increased public concern on their impact upon human

health, the environment and the evolution of herbicide resistance. Such impacts have

stimulated the search of new weed control alternatives. Allelopathic crops may offer a

promising approach to efficiently control weeds while reducing the reliance on herbicides. In

Tunisia, St. John's wort (Hypericum spp.), a perennial weed, is becoming a serious weed in

cereal growing regions, due to its toxicity to livestock and its ability to cause important losses

in crop yields. The present study is aimed at mapping weed infections and evaluating the

allelopathic potential of some crops on the development of Hypericum spp. The allelopathic

potential of each crop was evaluated by assessing the effect of water extracts on root growth

of weed seedlings in agar bioassays. Tested crops included alfalfa, sorghum, sunflower,

rapeseed, mustard, rye, and barley. Root growth inhibition was determined after 4 days of

incubation at 23°C day / 20°C night and a photoperiod of 18h light / 6h dark. Allelopathic

crop species with the highest phototoxic activity on St. John's wort root development have

been tested in field experiment. The dry matter reduction of St. John's wort was determined at

harvest maturity of barley and rape. Results showed that Hypericum spp .is located in many

governorates in northern Tunisia. Water extracts of tested crops resulted on Hypericum in

reduction of root growth. The highest phytotoxic activity was observed using barley extract

(up to 73%) followed by rape extract (70%). Similar results have been observed in field plots

where 85% of the dry matter reduction of St. John's wort was observed on rape and 37% on

barley compared to the control plots. This preliminary approach demonstrates the interest of

the use of allelopathic crops in the management of this perennial weed.

Keywords: Allelopathy; Hypericum spp.

Oral Presentations


16 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP7. Evaluation of allelopathic potential of previous crops against chrysanthemum

(Glebionis coronaria L.) resistant to chemical herbicides in cereal

Zeineb HADA* and Thouraya SOUISSI

National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia (INAT)

* [email protected]

Continuous use of synthetic chemicals has a very negative impact on the quality of

agricultural products, on the environment and on the overall human health. Moreover, heavy

reliance on herbicides resulted in the development of resistant weeds. Recently, the edible

chrysanthemum (Glebionis coronaria L.) has become difficult to control with chemical

herbicides. The failure to control this weed is increasingly reported by farmers in cereal crops

including wheat in North of Tunisia. Earlier in our study, we showed through experimental

field assays that edible chrysanthemum has developed resistance to inhibitors of ALS. As an

alternative to herbicides, the allelopathic potential of many crops could be an environmentally

and friendly alternative for chrysanthemum management. To test such alternative, water-

extracts of “oat”, “barley”, “rye”, “mustard” and “sunflower” were analyzed for their

inhibitory activity on chrysanthemum. Laboratory bio-essays showed a significant effect of all

crops on the weed seedlings growth. The highest inhibitory activity was induced by barely

water-extract and the least one came from sunflower. Reduction percentages are 53.05% and

14.94%, respectively. A more complete evaluation of the allelopathic potentials related to the

five species, sources of water-extracts on chrysanthemum still going on, using a pot

experiment.

Keywords: Allelopathic potential; Glebionis coronaria; Resistance.


Oral Presentations


17 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP8. Allelopathic effect of a sorghum hybrid on four barley varieties

Abderrazak IBRAHMI, Issam HADJI SESSI, Oussama OUESLATI

*,

and Moncef BEN HAMMOUDA.

Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Production/Céréales, Ecole Supérieure d’Agriculture du Kef.

Higher School of Agriculture of Kef, Tunisia

* [email protected]

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) residues are used in the North-West semi-arid zone of

Tunisia as mulch for winter cereals production as mean of conservation agriculture (CA)

based on direct drilling (DD). Yield depression for the subsequent crop could be partially

explained by the allelopathic effect of sorghum residues. Germination and seedlings (radicle,

coleoptile) growth bioassays were used as a technique to identify allelopathic sorghum

'Supergraze II' plant parts (roots, leaves, stems) on four barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties

(‘Manel’, ‘Martin’, ‘Espérance’, ‘Rihane’) commonly grown in Tunisia. Bioassays were

conducted in a CRD with four replications. Radicle growth bioassay was the most sensitive

test to detect the differential allelopathic effect of sorghum plant parts. Water-extracts of roots

were the most allelopathic source. Stem-water-extracts were slightly stimulatory to coleoptile

growth of ‘Martin’, ‘Espérance’ and ‘Rihane’. The varietal differential response of barley to

sorghum allelopathy suggests ‘Espérance’ as the most sensitive and ‘Martin’ as the most

tolerant. Results show that barley producers have to give a particular attention when growing

sorghum on a prior crop. Given 'Supergraze II' the sole hybrid available for farmers, it would

be more beneficial to work on different hybrids to screen the least allelopathic one.

Keywords: Allelopathy; Barley; Bioassays; Plant parts; Sorghum.


Oral Presentations


18 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP9. Possible use of allelopathy in weed control in organic farming in Turkey

Ahmet ULUDAG

1, 2*, İlhan UREMIS

3, Mine RUSEN

4, and Nihat TURSUN

5

1 Düzce Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesive DoğaBilimleriFakültesi, BitkiKorumaBölümü, Düzce

Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi, ZiraatFakültesiBitkiKorumaBölümü, Çanakkale 3 Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Ziraat FakültesiBitkiKorumaBölümü, Hatay

4 Atatürk BahçeKültürleriMerkezAraştırmaEnstitütsü, Yalova

5İnönüÜniversitesi, ZiraatFakültesiBahçeBitkileriBölümü, Malatya

*[email protected]

Weeds are one of the main obstacles in organic farming as well as other farming

systems. In the most agricultural systems such as conventional farming, herbicides are the

main tool to solve weed problems in spite of problems bearing from excess use of chemicals.

Organic farmers rely on mechanical techniques which include tillage that can make soil open

to erosion if it becomes only technique to be used. Allelopathy is both inhibitory and

stimulatory biochemical interactions between plants. Allelopathic relations have been used to

establish proper farming systems, control directly weeds and other pests, and develop

chemicals less harmful to environment. There have been researches on alleopathy in Turkey

since 1980’s. However, it is not easy to say that results of these studies have had a chance to

be implemented. Allelopathy studies in Turkey can be integrated with organic agriculture;

but, research and implementation needs elaborated.

Keywords: Allelopathy; Control; Organic farming; Turkey; Weed.


Oral Presentations


19 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP10. Development of Microbial activity and its future perspective to sustainable

agriculture in Egypt

Nabil OMAR*, Clair FARES, Soha MOSTAFA, Ebtsam MORSY, and Mohamed AFIFI

Department of Microbiology; Soils Water and Environment Research Institute (SEWRI); Agricultural

Research Center (ARC), Egypt

* [email protected]

This review focused on the formulating and developing bio-organic fertilizers using the

microbial inoculants and highlighted different microbial applications in wastewater

treatments, agricultural residues recycling and using algae in the renewable biofuels

production. Establishing an environmental friendly co-existing mechanism on earth is of vital

importance. In recent years, agrochemicals are extensively applied to obtain higher yields.

Intensive application of agrochemicals leads to several agricultural problems and poor

cropping systems. Egypt is known as one of the oldest agricultural civilizations. More than 90

percent of Egypt is desert and the agricultural land base totals about 3.5 million ha (8.4

million feddan) which represented about 3.8% of the total area in 2012. Due to the lack of

production of mineral fertilizers, which are not enough to reduce the food gap, it was

inevitable needs to search for natural alternatives to increase the agricultural productivity in

Egypt. Biofertilizers are nutrient availability systems in which biological process are

involved. The term biofertilizers includes selective micro-organism like bacteria, fungi and

algae that are capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen or convert soluble phosphate and potash

in the soil into forms available to the plants. Biofertilizer is a cost effective, eco-friendly and

renewable source of land nutrient they play a vital role in maintaining a long term soil fertility

and sustainability. In Egypt, application of rhizobia and cyanobacteria inoculants is a

relatively old practice, adopted since the 1950s. Okadin was the first product for legume seed

inoculation with rhizobia. Okadin becomes insufficient to cover the whole cultivated area of

legumes because of the increase in land reclamation and the new adapted investigated

varieties for the newly reclaimed lands. There was a recent emerging issue includes

stimulation of cereals performance by certain microbial strains of PGPR producers for

increasing crop yield and productivity combined with reducing the environmental pollution.

Although, on 1990s many genera and species of N2-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter and

Azospirillum), were isolated from the rhizosphere of various cereals, have been widely tested

to increase yield of cereals, sugar cane, horticultural crops and legumes under field

conditions. Today, about 50 biofertilizer products for all crops have been produced to cover

about 150 thousands feddan particularly for margin and newly reclaimed lands. The extensive

research program on beneficial bacteria, algae, yeast and mycorrhiza has resulted in the

development of a wide range of bio-fertilizers, which satisfied the nutrient requirements of

crops and increased the crop yield as well. Since then, many experiments in greenhouses and

in field conditions at the Department of Microbiology; Soils Water and Environment

Research Institute; Agricultural Research Center, Egypt for developing these organisms to

Oral Presentations


20 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

benefit plants by producing growth promoting regulators and other plant bio stimulators that

improve plant growth and productivity under biotic and abiotic stresses in margin and salt

affected soils. Moreover, bio-fertilizers were developed to reduce about 1/3- 1/2 of chemical

fertilizer application combined with increasing in crops productivity from 30 to 40%. In

addition, these microorganisms, as biocontrol agents, increased plant resistance to pests and

disease. Multifunctional of these organisms was performed in wastewater bioremediation and

water reuse in irrigation; Biofuels (biodiesel and bioethanol) production from algae as

sustainable bioenergy source; recycling the agricultural residues (33 million ton/year) into

compost, humic substances and biofuels. In the future, enhancement and maintenance of soil

fertility through microorganisms will be a very significant concern. Therefore, biofertilizers

use must be increased to supply the nutrients for increasing food grain production needed to

feed the growing population at acceptable nutritional levels and reducing soil degradation in

nutrient poor fragile soils. Today the major goal of sustainable agriculture is to maintain

production at levels necessary to meet the increasing aspiration of an expanding country

population without degrading the environment. Adequate and balanced supply is a pre-

requisite to optimum plant growth and realizing potential crop yield.

Keywords: Biocontrol; Bioenergy; Biofertilizers; Bioremediation; PGPR.

Oral Presentations


21 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP11. Tolerance of biofertilized (Moringa oleifera) seedlings to salt stress

Osama N. MASSOUD1*

, Amira Sh. SOLIMAN2, and Ebtsam M. MORSY

1

1 Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, (ARC), Giza, Egypt

2 Natural Resources Department, Institute of African Research

*[email protected]

This work aims to investigate the effect of different biofertilizers yeast (Rhodotorula

mucilaginosa 151 and Candida tropicalis 152), Nitrogen fixers (Azospirillum lipoferum and

Bacillus polymyxa) and organic matter (compost and molasses) on the growth and chemical

composition of Moringa oleifera seedlings grown in sandy soil under different concentrations

of NaCl (0, 1, 3, 5%). Pot experiments were conducted using a randomized complete blocks

design with three replicates during two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014. The indicated

that dual biofertilizers plus organic amendments led to significant increase in all growth

parameters, microbial populations, enzymatic activities and NPK beside plant pigments

compared to the un-inoculated seedlings (control). The best results were obtained with 1 and

3% NaCl whereas the optimum tolerance recorded with 5% NaCl.

Keywords: Biofertilizers; Chemical composition; Compost; Growth characters; Molasses;

Moringa oleifera; Organic matter.

Oral Presentations


22 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP12. Studying the allelopathic potential of Oat varieties (Avena sativa L.) combined

with rhizobacteria for biological weed control

Abderrahmen BEN MOUSSA

National Agronomic Institute of Tunis, Tunisia

[email protected]

Brome (Bromus diandrus Roth.) and ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaudin.) are a major

constraint to cereal crops in Tunisia. The allelopathic potential of oat (Avena sativa L.) can

reduce the growth of some plants including weeds. The deleterious rhizobacteria (or DRB)

may, with oats, further enhance the reduction. In vitro tests were performed to assess the

allelopathic potential of five Tunisian oat varieties on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and weeds.

The results showed important reductions of the target plants roots. The "Locale" variety was

the most efficient in terms of reduction, and the "Méliane" was the least. In vivo tests were

performed using the leachate to irrigate weeds grown in pots, or sowing in the same pot oats

and weed. In the two cases, significant reductions in weed biomass were recorded, and the

"Locale" variety induced reductions up to 90%. The reduction of roots was higher than that of

the aerial parts and method of irrigation by leachate was more effective. After 21 days from

sowing, a greater sensitivity of the bromine has been noted compared to ryegrass.

Biochemical analysis showed a difference in the composition of total phenols between Local

varieties and Méliane, which would be responsible for the difference between their

allelopathic powers. In vitro screening of oats by 18 rhizobia strains collected Northwest

Tunisian, allowed to choose four strains that do not reduce the oat crop (three DRB and

PGPR). The combined effect of oats with rhizobacteria showed the existence of interference

between the allelopathic potential of oat and the inhibitory effect of rhizobacteria. Indeed, the

reduction of the dry weight of weeds by both combined effect was greater than that obtained

with each one. Combined with the ML11 strain Local oats reduced air dry weight of Brome

94% while only oats was reduced by 80.22% and the ML11 only reduced by 28%. Similarly

for ryegrass, the maximum reduction, 89%, was obtained on the roots by the combination of

oats (Local) with ML13 isolate while only oats induced 32.79% reduction and the only

bacterium only 27% discount.

Keywords: Allelopathy; Bromine; DRB; Oats; Phenols; Reduction; Ryegrass.


Oral Presentations


23 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP13. Biocontrol of Fusarium wilt disease in potato using non-pathogenic fungi

colonizing naturally potato plants

Boutheina MEJDOUB-TRABELSI1,2*

, Rania AYDI BEN ABDALLAH2, 3, Nawaim AMMAR

2,4,

Zeineb KTHIRI3, Walid HAMADA

5, and Mejda DAAMI-REMADI

2

1 Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, Tunisia

2 UR13AGR09, Integrated Horticultural Production in the Tunisian Centre-East, Regional Center of

Research on Horticulture and Organic Farming, Tunisia 3 National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunisia 4 Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia

5 Higher School of Agriculture of Kef, University of Jendouba, Le Kef, Tunisia

* [email protected]

Ten non-pathogenic fungal isolates belonging to Aspergillus and Penicillium genera,

occurring naturally within apparently healthy potato plants and previously selected based on

their ability to suppress Fusarium dry rot disease, were screened for their in vitro antifungal

potential toward Fusarium sambucinum, F. oxysporum and F. graminearum and for their

capacity to reduce Fusarium wilt severity and to improve plant growth and production. Tested

using the dual culture technique on Potato Dextrose Agar medium, all isolates tested had

significantly lowered Fusarium spp. growth relative to the untreated control. Growth

inhibition, recorded after 7 days of incubation at 25°C, ranged from 32.3 to 42.9% using

Aspergillus spp. and from 44.1 to 59.6% using Penicillium spp. isolates. The greatest

inhibition, by about 55-59% relative to control, was noted using isolates E.36.11 (P.

chrysogenum) and E.39.11 (Penicillium sp.). Competition, mycoparasitism, hyphal lysis, early

formation of resting structures and mycelial cords and lowered sporulating ability are the

main effects induced by the isolates tested toward targeted Fusarium species. Fusarium wilt

severity, noted 75 days post-planting, was significantly reduced by 29 to 47% on potato plants

treated using seven out the ten isolates tested. The highest wilt suppression, by 41-47%

compared to the inoculated and untreated control, was obtained treatments based on E.13.11

(A. niger), E.25.11 (A. flavus), E.36.11 (P. chrysogenum), and E.29.11 (P. polonicum)

isolates. Potato plants already infected with Fusarium spp. and treated with E.29.11 (P.

polonicum), E.13.11 (A. niger), E.41.11 (A. terreus), E.60.11 (A. flavus), and E.25.11 (A.

flavus) showed 36-46% higher aerial part growth as compared to the untreated control. The

most interesting improvements of root and tuber fresh weights, achieved using the majority of

isolates tested, ranged between 22-40% and 15-21%, respectively. Further investigations are

needed to more elucidate the antifungal activity of the extracellular metabolites of the most

effective isolates toward Fusarium species infecting potato plants.

Keywords: Antifungal potential; Associated-fungi; Dual culture; Fusarium spp.; Plant

growth; Wilt severity.

Oral Presentations


24 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP14. Potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from Cestrum nocturnum to suppress

Fusarium wilt in tomato and to promote plant growth

Rania AYDI BEN ABDALLAH1,4*

, Boutheina MEJDOUB-TRABELSI2,4

, Ahlem NEFZI3,4

, Hayfa

JABNOUN-KHIAREDDINE4, and Mejda DAAMI-REMADI4

1 National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunisia 2 Higher School of Agriculture of Kef, University of Jendouba, Tunisia

3 Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunisia

4 UR13AGR09- Integrated Horticultural Production in the Tunisian Centre-East, Regional Center of

Research on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, University of Sousse, Tunisia

* [email protected]

Three endophytic bacterial isolates, recovered from Cestrum nocturnum leaves and

stems, were assessed for their ability to suppress tomato Fusarium wilt disease, caused by

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL), and to improve growth of tomato plants. Tested

isolates had significantly decreased disease severity by 46.6-97.7% compared to FOL-

inoculated and untreated control. The isolate C4 was found to be the most effective in

decreasing leaf damage by 86.6% and the vascular browning extent by 97.7% relative to

FOL-inoculated and untreated control. A significant increment by 39-41.6%, compared to

pathogen-inoculated and untreated control, was recorded in tomato growth parameters.

Moreover, the isolate C4 had significantly increased plant growth parameters by 24.5-53.3%

over pathogen-free and untreated control plants. This isolate C4 was morphologically and

biochemically characterized and identified using 16S rDNA sequencing genes as Serratia sp.

Screened in vitro for its antifungal activity against FOL, Serratia sp. C4 led to 19.52%

decrease in pathogen radial growth and to the formation of an inhibition zone of 8.62 mm

diameter. Cell-free culture filtrate of Serratia sp. C4, supplemented to PDA medium at 10%

(v/v), had lowered pathogen growth by 23% as compared to 21.7 and 9.2% recorded after

heating at 50 and 100°C, respectively. Chloroform and n-butanol extracts from Serratia sp.

C4, applied at 5% (v/v), displayed antifungal potential against FOL expressed as growth

inhibition by 54.6-66.5% compared to untreated control which was higher than that obtained

using two commercial pesticides i.e. Bavistin® (50% carbendazim, chemical fungicide) and

Bactospeine®

(16000UI/mg, Bacillus thuringiensis-based biopesticide). Serratia sp. C4 was

found to be chitinase-, pectinase- and protease-producing agent when grown in chitin-, pectin-

and milk- agar medium, respectively. This bioactive isolate was able to produce the indole-3-

acetic acid (I.A.A) in L-tryptophan-Luria-Bertani medium and to solubilize the phosphate in

Pikovskaya agar. The chemical identification of the major antifungal compounds present in its

organic extracts needs to be more investigated.

Keywords: Biocontrol; Cestrum nocturnum; Endophytic bacteria; Fusarium wilt; Fusarium

oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici; Metabolites; Organic extracts; Tomato growth.

http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/isolation-of-endophytic-bacteria-from-withania-somnifera-and-assessment-of-their-ability-to-suppress-fusarium-wilt-disease-in-toma-2157-7471-1000352.php?aid=73420#a1http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/isolation-of-endophytic-bacteria-from-withania-somnifera-and-assessment-of-their-ability-to-suppress-fusarium-wilt-disease-in-toma-2157-7471-1000352.php?aid=73420#a2http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/isolation-of-endophytic-bacteria-from-withania-somnifera-and-assessment-of-their-ability-to-suppress-fusarium-wilt-disease-in-toma-2157-7471-1000352.php?aid=73420#a2http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/isolation-of-endophytic-bacteria-from-withania-somnifera-and-assessment-of-their-ability-to-suppress-fusarium-wilt-disease-in-toma-2157-7471-1000352.php?aid=73420#a2http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/isolation-of-endophytic-bacteria-from-withania-somnifera-and-assessment-of-their-ability-to-suppress-fusarium-wilt-disease-in-toma-2157-7471-1000352.php?aid=73420#a2http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/isolation-of-endophytic-bacteria-from-withania-somnifera-and-assessment-of-their-ability-to-suppress-fusarium-wilt-disease-in-toma-2157-7471-1000352.php?aid=73420#a3http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/isolation-of-endophytic-bacteria-from-withania-somnifera-and-assessment-of-their-ability-to-suppress-fusarium-wilt-disease-in-toma-2157-7471-1000352.php?aid=73420#a2http://www.omicsonline.org/open-access/isolation-of-endophytic-bacteria-from-withania-somnifera-and-assessment-of-their-ability-to-suppress-fusarium-wilt-disease-in-toma-2157-7471-1000352.php?aid=73420#a2

Oral Presentations


25 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP15. Effect of fodder radish on wilt severity, root-knot nematodes and yield of fakous

(Cucumis melo var. flexuosus)

Hayfa JABNOUN-KHIAREDDINE1*

, Rania AYDI BEN ABDALLAH1,2

, Hajer REGAIEG3, and

Mejda DAAMI-REMADI1

1 UR13AGR09-Integrated Horticultural Production in the Tunisian Centre-East, Regional Center of

Research on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, University of Sousse, tUNISIA

2 National Agronomic Institute of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunisia

3 Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse? Tunisia

* [email protected]

The fakous (Cucumis melo var. flexuosus) is threatened by several soil-borne

bioagressors causing wilts, root rots or galls. In this study, the effect of organic amendments

on wilt incidence and severity infection by root-knot nematodes and plant production has been

elucidated. Two fodder radish (Raphanus sativus) cultivars (cvs. Boss and Defender) were

used as green manure preceding a fakous crop and compared with animal manure and bio-

compost. The application of cvs. Defender and Boss had decreased wilt incidence by 30 and

35% and by 17 and 23%, respectively, as compared to animal manure and biocompost. The

extent of vascular discoloration was reduced by 17 to 32% by cvs. Boss and Defender,

espectively, relative to animal manure. Fungal isolations made from roots and stems of

symptomatic plants revealed the involvement of Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae,

F. solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. The root galling index was reduced by 14.6 to 16.2%

by cv. Boss as compared to both control amendments. Cv. Defender amended-plants showed

38 and 84% reduced number of galls and egg masses per gram of roots than those treated with

manure. Biocompost use decreased these last both parameters by 59 and 68% as compared to

manure. Yield of fakous plants grown in cvs. Boss and Defender amended-plots, was

increased by 26.5 and 27.5% and by 17.3 and 18.5%, respectively, in comparison with both

control amendments. The use of fodder radish could be a promising alternative for the

management of soil-borne diseases and plant parasitic nematodes and for improving soil

fertility and productivity under organic farming systems.

Keywords: Bioagressors; Cucumis melo var. flexuosus; Organic amendment; Severity; Yield.

Oral Presentations


26 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP16. Screening of aqueous and organic extracts from Lycium arabicum for Fusarium

Crown and Root Rot disease suppression and tomato growth promotion

Ahlem NEFZI

1,2*, Rania AYDI BEN ABDALLAH

2, Hayfa JABNOUN-KHIAREDDINE

2, Sined

MEDIMAGH-SAÏDANA3, Nawaim AMMAR

2, Rabiaa HAOUALA

4, and Mejda DAAMI-REMADI

2

1Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Tunisia.

2UR13AGR09-Integrated Horticultural Production in the Tunisian Centre-East, Regional Center of

Research on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, University of Sousse, Tunisia 3LR11SE39-Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity,

University of Monastir 4UR13AGR05, Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem, University of Sousse, Tunisia

* [email protected]

The toxicity of leaf, stem and fruit aqueous extracts from Lycium arabicum was

investigated against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (FORL), the causal agent

of Fusarium Crown and Root Rot of tomato, and on plant growth. Aqueous and organic

extracts (used at 1, 2, 3 and 4%,) were screened in vitro for their antifungal activity against

FORL. Results revealed significant decrease in disease severity, noted 60 days post-

inoculation, depending on treatments tested. LC2- and FC2-based treatments were the most

effective in decreasing leaf damage severity by 84.6 and 61.5% and the vascular browning

extent by 84.9 and 82.9%, respectively, as compared to FORL-inoculated and untreated

control. A significant enhancement in growth parameters was recorded on tomato plants cv.

Rio Grande inoculated with FORL, and treated. LC2-based treatment was the most effective

in increasing growth parameters by 65-70% relative to control. Moreover, tested on FORL-

free plants, all treatments based on L. arabicum aqueous extracts had significantly enhanced

growth parameters as compared to control where LC2 and FC2 were the most effective. Root

length and shoot height were improved by 46-60% and root and shoot fresh weight increment

was of about 23-60.8% and 22.2-64.91%, respectively. LC2- and FC2-based treatments had

significantly increased tomato stem diameter by 19.13%. Screened in vitro against FORL,

antifungal activity of the different extracts, assessed using the poisoned food technique, varied

significantly depending on plant organs, concentrations tested and organic solvent used for

extraction. All aqueous extracts had inhibited FORL radial growth in a concentration-

dependent manner, where pathogen inhibition reached 33.5, 24.4 and 30.3%, as compared to

controln using L. arabicum aqueous extracts from leaves, stems and fruits at 4%. Butanolic

leaf extract at 4%, was the most active in reducing FORL mycelial growth by 41.4%

compared to control. It should be highlighted that leaf aqueous extract from L. arabicum was

the most efficient in suppressing disease severity and in enhancing tomato growth and that

aqueous and butanolic leaf extracts had also significantly decreased pathogen radial growth.

Keywords: Biocontrol; Extracts; Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici; Lycium

arabicum; Mycelial growth; Tomato growth.


Oral Presentations

T2 - Allelopathy in Natural Ecosystems

27 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse


Oral Presentations


28 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP17. Weeds-Aphids interactions and their effect on the spread of Potato Virus Y

Sonia BOUKHRIS-BOUHACHEM1*, I. BEN FEKIH 1, R. SOUISSI1, and J. ROUZE-JOUAN2

1 INRAT, Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, 2049 Ariana-Tunis, Tunisia

2 INRA, UMR 1099 BiO3P, F-35650 Le Rheu, France

*[email protected]

The study is focused on the epidemiology of the Potato Virus Y. PVY infections were

estimated on weeds in four potato seed production regions: Cap Bon, Manouba, Jendouba and

Kairouan. Virus-like symptoms were observed on some volunteer plants in the fields, i.e.

mosaic, leaf mottling and curling. Infected weeds were collected in all prospected areas. In

total 451 plants composed of 19 species and belonging to 12 different families (Solanaceae,

Amarantaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Papaveraceae, Urticaceae, Convolvulaceae, Asteraceae,

Polygonaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Brassicaceae, Portulacaceae and Compositae), were tested by

DAS-ELISA for the presence of PVY. The screening revealed that 143 plants were found

infected with PVY. The rate of infected plants was of 35.45% at Cap Bon, 26.4% at Manouba,

19.44% at Jendouba and 35.55% at Kairouan. Molecular characterization revealed that

Solanum elaeagnifolium, S. nigrum, Datura stramonium and Sonchus oleraceus were infected

with PVYNTN

strain, the most abundant one on potatoes. Aphids were also collected on these

plants and identified. The major recorded aphids were known to be potato colonizers and

vectors of PVY. The abundance of these weeds, its over-wintering status and the high rate of

PVY infected plants allow to deduce that weeds must be consider as a reservoir of PVY

within the Tunisian ecosystem. This reservoir will lead to the establishment and transmission

of PVY infection on potatoes during the migration of aphid vectors in spring. These weeds

seem to be important hosts in the spread of potato virus especially since they host aphid

vectors and have to be eradicated. A better understanding of the PVY epidemiology including

weeds could lead to consider new methods of virus control to improve seed quality.

Keywords: Interactions; Potato Virus Y; Spread; Weeds-Aphids.


Oral Presentations


29 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP18. Epizootiology of entomophthoralean fungal infection: effect of host plant and

aphid dispersal on the prevalence of Pandora neoaphidis and Entomophthora

planchoniana

Ibtissem BEN FEKIH

1*, Sonia BOUKHRIS-BOUHACHEM

1, Mohamed BECHIR ALLAGUI

1,

Annette BRUUN JENSEN3, Salah REZGUI

1,2, Rebha SOUSSI

1, and Jørgen EILENBERG

3

1 Plant Protection Laboratory of National Institute of Agricultural Research of Tunisia, Rue

Hédi Karray, 2049 Ariana, Tunisia 2 National Agricultural Institute of Tunisia

3 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen,

Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark

*[email protected]

This research study considers ecological aspect of aphid-pathogenic fungi. The overall

objective was to obtain knowledge about the condition leading to the disease development

among aphids. Potato and peach have been chosen as host plant model to elucidate the

interaction that may exist between entomopathogenic fungi parasiting Myzus persicae. Fungal

investigation was performed at three different sites (Soliman, Kairouan and Douala) during

three years from 2009 to 2011. Fungal species were identified based on morphological and

molecular characterization. Prevalence of the predominant fungal pathogens was also

assessed. Two entomopathogenic fungi of the phylum Entomophthoromycota

(Entomophthorales, Entomophthoraceae): Pandora neoaphidis and Entomophthora

planchoniana were documented. Field investigation has demonstrated the important role of

both fungi in declining green peach aphid populations. Prevalence of both fungi seems to be

affected by several factors such as the climatic zones and the humidity offered by the cover of

the target crops. P. neoaphidis was more prevalent in M. persicae infesting potato than peach

crops which may be explained by the high humidity offered by the potato leaves than the

canopies of peach tree. Difference in infection level was noticed for E. planchoniana on M.

persicae. E. planchoniana has shown to be a fungus that requires more complex factors to

establish epizooty. The high prevalence of the fungus was reported in Kairouan on M.

persicae infesting more peach than potato crops due do the requirement of the fungus for the

dry climate of the site and upper canopies of the peach.

Keywords: Epizootiology; E. planchoniana; Fungal infection; P. neoaphidis.


Oral Presentations


30 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP19. Molecular characterization of indigenous Bacillus thuringiensis isolates toxic to

Phthorimaea operculella in Egypt.

Bouthaina A. MERDAN*, H.A. IBRAHIM, and M.H. RADI

Entomology department, Faculty of science, Ain shams university

*[email protected]

Soil samples were collected randomly from different agricultural crops in different

Egyptian sites, aiming to isolate local Bacillus thuringiensis isolates that are potent against the

Potato Tuber Moth (PTM), Phthorimaea operculella Zeller. LC50 and LC90 values of Bacillus

thuringiensis isolates, have been determined when applied against the target insect. Treating

larval diet with Bacillus thuringiensis isolates affected larval and pupal mortality, reduction in

ovulation percent and adult emergence with mild elongation in larval duration and adult

longevity; as well as effect on fecundity and fertility of resulted females were recorded.

RAPD-PCR technique was used for molecular characterization and drawing the phylogenic

tree of the indigenous bacterial isolates.

Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis; El-Farafra Oasis; Molecular characterization; Potato insect

fauna; Potato tuber moth.


Oral Presentations


31 2nd


– 19th

, 2016 - Sousse

OP20. Impact of use of Trichoderma spp. on greenhouse tomato crop and the bio control

of late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary.

Saida MESSGO-MOUMENE1*

, Lillia OUALHA1, Tewfik KESTALI

2, Khadidja BENCHEIKH

3,

Dounia SADDEK3, and Rym BOUKHALFA

1

1 Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Laboratory Research, agroveterinairy Faculty, SaadDahleb

University, BP270, Soumaa Road, 09100, Blida, Algeria. 2 Technical Institute for Industrial Crops and vegetable, Staoueli, Algiers.

3 Plant Protection National Institute, HaceneBadi Road, El Harrach, Algeria.

* [email protected]

As a part of the search for alternative methods that respect the environment, to reduce

the increased use of fertilizers and fungicides, the present work focused on the study of bio-

stimulant and eliciting effects oftwo isolates ‘S1’ and 'S2’ of Trichoderma spp., issued from

tomato rhizosphere producing areas in Algeria on "Saint Pierre" tomato cultivar, growing in

pots and in the greenhouse. Indeed, the conidial suspensions of each antagonist isolatewere

prepared atthe concentration of 2x107

conidia.ml-1

and used as these following application

modes: incorporation into the soil,

Documents

November 16 - atad-isa.com · Society (Association Tunisienne pour une Agriculture Durable, ATAD) and the Higher Agronomic Institute of Chott-Mariem. It is our great pleasure and