Cepaepb1 a 3a110>1KaeT 3HaKOMv1Tb Yv1TaTenelli C TOll1
YaCTblO poccv1llicKoro 3aKOHOAaTenbcTBa,
KOTopas:i nps:lMO v1nv1 KOCBeHHO KacaeTCs:l
vlHTepecoB pblHKa AaTa-L\eHTpOB. Ha 3TOT
pa3 peYb nolliAeT o TOM, MO>KeT nv1 onepaTop
L...lO.Oa yAep>1KeH
HOCTb no onnare.
CASTREN & SNELLMAN
ena �era csoe::: :::f: e--o --a .... ,13a-b }cnyr11 UO,Oa. 3aa3
.... ,·< ,a aKoe--o speM11 {11n111 HascerAa)
,o-ep11eT /J,OCTyn K CBOeMy o6opy/J,OSaHl!IIO, a rnasHoe - K
.QaHHblM.
BnonHe Oll.\YTl!IMblw CTl!IMyn pacnnaTl!ITbC51 no AOnraM. Ecn111
>Ke 111 3TO He o6pa3yM111T .oon>1Kene3o» s cYeT .oonra. Ha
nepsb1Ci s3rm,,0, npas111na y,qep>KaHl!l51 npoCTbl ill
nOH51THbl, HO eCTb sa>KHble HIOaHCbl, c KOTOpblMl!I nOMOrnl!I
pa3o6paTbC51 HaWl!I 3KCnepTbl - COTPYAHl!IKl!I se.oyll.\l!IX
!Opl!I/J,111'-leCKl!IX KOMnaHl!IW /11ropb CoKonos, crapwui1 iopucr
CMS, 111 CraHucnas PyMRH/..leB, crapwui1 iopucr Castren &
Snel
lman.
Cyll.leCTByeT n11 IOP11A114eCKOe 060CHO
BaH11e AnR Toro, 4T06b1 onepaTop Mor
YAep>K11BaTb 06opyAOBaH11e 3aKa3411Ka,
ecn11 y nocneAHero 11MeeTCR 3aAOn>KeH
HOCTb no onnaTe?
CTAHIACflAB PYMs:IHUEB: ,[\a Ha ocHosaH111111 n. 1 CT. 359
,pa>K,aOHCKOro KO,aeKca PcJ> (.oanee - rK PKeT
y,0ep>1KeHHOCTl!I S nonHOM o6beMe, ecn111 3al],on>KeHHOCTb
npocpo-
46 Mavi I MKlHb 2016
YeHa 111 06opy,0osaH111e nepe,qaHo s l...(0,[\ 3aKOHHblM
cnoco6oM. Oneparnp o6na.oaeT npasoM Ha y,0ep>1Ke ecn111 3TO He
npe.oycMoTpeHo .oorosopoM. rnasHoe, YT06b1 s TeKCTe .oorosopa He
CO/J,ep>1KHa 6b1Tb COl!l3Mep1!1Ma c cyMMow .oonra, xorn s HOpMax
rK PKaHl!ll!I 06 3TOM He CKa3aHO. Ha npaKTl!IKe cy,0b1 cne.om 3a
TeM, YT06b1 y,0ep>1KAY oneparnpoM 111 3aKa3-Yl!IKOM
>KenmenbHO yKa3aTb, S KaKl!IX cnyYa51X y,0ep>1KeT He
sonHOSaTbC51. ,[\pyroe .oeno - cnyYaw, Kor.oa 3aKa3Yl!IK n111wb
nonb3yeTrn 06opy,0osaH111eM (K np111Mepy, s311n ero s apeH,qy), a
co6crneHHl!IKOM scer.oa 6b1no TpeTbe n1111..10. vlcxo,011 1113
cy.oe6How npaKTl!IKl!I cyLl.(ecrnyeT 3HaYv1-TenbHa11 sepomHOCTb
npv13HaHv111 rnKoro y,qep>KaHl!l51 He3aKOHHblM. Ecn111 >Ke
3aKa3-Yl!IK nepe.oan npasa Ha 06opy,0osaH111e TpeTbeMy n1111..1y
y>i11KHl!IKY ill SKnlO'-ll!ITb B Hee npe,0ynpe>11KHblW
MOMeHT: y,0ep>1KHO npl!IOCTaHOSl!ITb OKa3aHl!le ycnyrn no
npe,0onasneH11110 ,qonyna K Hew Ha OCHOSaHl!ll!I n. 2 CT. 328 ,K
PcJ> .
IArOPb COKOflOB: CornaCHo nepaoMy a6amw LJ. 1 er. 359 ,K P(f),
Kpe,0111rnp, y Kornporo Haxo,0111Trn sel1.(b, no.one>1KHl!IKY
n11160 n1111..1y, yKa-3aHHOMY .QOn>KHl!IKOM, Bnpase B cnyyae
He111cnonHeHv151 .QOn>KHl!IKOM s cpoK 0651-3aTenbCTBa no onnme
3TOW seLl.(111 111n111 S03Mel1.(eHl!IIO Kpe,0111rnpy CS513aHHblX C
Hew 1113/J,ep>KeK 111 /J,pyrnx y6blTKos y/J,ep>11Ke CTOTbvl,
y,qep>KaHl!leM 06b-
eKrn MoryT o6ecne'-mBaTbCR TaK>++KaHl!IR
HaMHOro w111pe: Kpe.Ql!ITOP MO>KeT y.qep>Kl!I
BaTb He TOnbKO HeonnaYeHHbliii TOBap, HO
ill B006l1_\e n106y10 npaBOMepHO HaXO.QR
ll.\YIOCR y Hero Bel1_\b .QOn>KHIIIKa. np111 3TOM
OCHOBBHl!le B03Hl!IKHOBeHIIIR 3a.QOn>KeH
HOCTl!I (nOCTaBKa TOBapa, OKa3aH111e ycnyr
III T . .Q.) np111H1..1111n111anbHOiii pon111 He 111rpaeT.
CooTBeTCTBeHHO, y.qep>KaHl!le MO>KeT l!IC
nonb30BaTbCR III B OTHOWeHllll!I o6opy.qo
BaHl!IR 3aKa3Lf1t1Ka, 111Me10l1_\ero nepe.Q one
paTOpOM HenoraweHHYIO 3a.Qon>KeHHOCTb
no onnare ycnyr.
Cne.QyeT nOMHl!ITb, L.fTO B COOTBeTCTBl!ll!I
c '-IOCTb/0 3 pOCCMOTpt1BOeMofii CTOTbt1 rx
Pm ee npaB111na np111MeHRIOTCR, ecn111 .qoro
BopoM He npe.QyCMOTpeHO l!IHOe. no3TOMY
onepaTOp 111 3aKa3L.fl!IK MoryT np111 3aKn10-
YeH111111 cornaweH111R 1t13MeH1t1Tb npe.qyc
MOTpeHHOe 3aKOHOM peryn111poBaH111e
OTHOWeHllliii no y.qep>KaHl!IIO, Hanp111Mep,
ycrnHOBl!ITb nonHbliii 3anpeT Ha np111MeHe
H111e .QaHHOro cnoco6a 06ecneYeH1t1R o6R-
3aTenbCTB.
TaK>Ke He06XO.Ql!IMO YYIIITblBaTb, L.fTO B
COOTBeTCTBl!lill C '-IOCTb/0 2 CTOTbt1 359 IK
Pm Kpe.Q111TOp BnpaBe y.qep>K1t1BaTb Haxo
ARll.\YIOCR y Hero Bel1_\b, HeCMOTpR Ha TO,
YTO, nocne TOro KaK 3Ta Bell.\b nocryn111na
BO Bna.QeH111e Kpe.Q1t1Topa, npaBa Ha Hee
np11106peTeHb1 TpeTbl!IM n1111..10M. 3rn Hop
Ma 3all.\1t1ll.\aeT Kpe.q111TOpa np111 npo.Qa>Ke
.QOn>KHl!IKOM y.qep>KIIIBaeMOiii Bell.\111, B TOM
L.fl!ICne III o6opy.QOBaHl!IR.
3aKOH He npe.qycMarp111BaeT KaKoiii
n11160 cne1..1111anbHoiii npowe.qyp�. KOTO
poiii .QOn>KeH cne.QOBaTb Kpe.Ql!ITOp npl!I
y.qep>+Kall.\eiii .qon>++KHO peKOMeH.QOBaTb
Kpe.Ql!ITOpy
B nl!ICbMeHHOM BIII.Qe yBe.QOMl!ITb .QOn>K
Hl!IKa 06 y.qep>KaHl!ll!I. np111 3TOM cne.qyeT
11136parb cnoco6 1t13Bel1_\eH1t1R, no3BOnRIO
ll.\llliii OTcne>KIIIBaTb BpyYeH111e .QOn>KHIIIKY
yBe.QoMneH111R.
A •Ho ecm1 oneparop 3axo1.1er npo.QaTb
06opy.c1oeaHHe KllHeHra e c1.1er .c1onra?
C. P.: npeTeH3111111 onepaTOpa y.QoBneT
BopRIOTCR l!ICXO.QR 1113 CTOIIIMOCTl!I y.qep
>Kl!IBaeMoro 06opy.QoBaH111R B o6beMe III
nopR.QKe, npe.QyCMOTpeHHblX .QnR YAOB
neTBOpeHl!IR 06ecneYeHH�X 3anoroM Tpe-
60BaH111iii (CT. 360 1K Pm). npoll.\e roBopR,
IOP����ECKA�KOHCYnbTAU�� -
06opy.QOBaH111e MO>KHO npo.QaTb TaK >Ke,
KaK ill 3ano>KeHHOe IIIMYll.\eCTBO. 3TO npa
Blllno 111Hor.qa Bbl3blBaeT cnopb1 o TOM, Ka
K111e HOpMbl o 3anore cne.qyeT np111MeHmb,
a KaK111e HeT.
B n. 2 CT. 348 1K Pm yKa3aHo, YTO
o6pal1_\aTb B3blCKaH111e Ha 3ano>KeHHOe
IIIMYll.\eCTBO Henb3R, ecn111 .QOnyl1_\eHHOe
HapyweH111e He3HaL1111TenbHO III pa3Mep
Tpe60BaH111iii 3anoro.qep>KaTenR RBHO He
copa3MepeH CTOl!IMocrn 3ano>KeHHOro
IIIMYll.\eCTBa. Ecn111 He .QOKa3aHO l!IHOe, Kp1!1-
Tep111111 «3Hal.fl!ITenbHOCTl!I» ill «copa3MepHO
CTIII» cne.qy10ll.\1t1e: cyMMa .qonra paBHa KaK
Ml!IHIIIMYM 5 % OT CTOl!IMOCTl!I IIIMYll.\eCTBa, 111
nep1110.Q npocpoYKl!I ero ynnaTbl .Qnl!ITCR He
MeHee YeM Tp111 Mernwa (er. 348 1K Pm). B
cy.qe6Hb1x aKrnx no y.qep>+KHoiii npowe.qype: cHaYana
o6paT1!1TbCR B cy.Q, 3aTeM - K cy.qe6HblM
np111crnBaM III opraH1t13aTOpy TOproB.
11'1. C.: B COOTBeTCTBl!lill co CT. 360 IK Pm
Tpe6oBaHl!IR Kpe.Ql!ITOpa, y.qep>Kl!IBalO
ll.\ero Bel1_\b, YAOBnernopRIOTCR 1113 ee
CTOl!IMOCTl!I B 06beMe ill nopR.QKe, npe.Q
ycMOTpeHHblX .QnR YAOBneTBOpeHIIIR Tpe-
60BaH111iii, o6ecneYeHHblX 3anoroM. no
06ll.\eMy npaB111ny (TO eCTb np111 OTCYTCTBl!ll!I
cornaweHl!IR CTOpOH 06 l!IHOM) npe.QMeT
3anora pean1113yeTcR, Bo-nepBblX, Ha oc
HOBaH111111 COOTBeTCTBYIOll.\ero peweHl!IR
cy.qa 111, BO-BTOpb1x, nocpe.qcrnoM npo.Qa
>KIII c TOproB, a Bb1pyYeHHb1e cpe.qcrna
nocrynalOT Kpe.Q1t1TOpy B cYeT noraweH111R
.Qonra. Cne.QoBaTenbHO, no yMonYaH1t110
3aKoH He .qaeT onepaTopy npaBo caMo-
Tio YMOA qaHHIO 3aKOH He ,n;aeT orrepaTopy rrpaBo
caMOCTO.HTeAhHOH rrpo,n;a2KH y,n;ep-2KHBaeMoro o6opy,n;oBaHH.H
3aKa3qHKa
ynOMIIIHaeTCR 3Ta CTaTbR, no3TOMY onepa
TOpaM cne.qyeT ee yYeCTb.
nopR.QOK pean1113a1..1111111 o6opy.qoBa-
Hl!IR 3aBl!ICl!IT OT CO.Qep>KaHl!IR .QOroBopa,
3aKnlOYeHHOro Me>KAY onepaTOpoM III
3aKa3L.fl!IKOM. CTOpOHbl BnpaBe .QOro
BOpl!ITbCR O BHecy.qe6HOM nopR.QKe o6-
pal1_\eHIIIR B3blCKaHIIIR Ha IIIMYll.\eCTBO C
o6R3aTenbHblM yKa3aH111eM cnoco6a (-OB)
ero pean1113a1..1111111, a rnK>+KHOiii weHbl) 111n111
nopR.QKa
ee onpe.qeneH111R (CT. 349 1K Pm). 060-
PYAOBaH111e KnllleHTOB-npe.qnpl!IHl!IMaTe
neiii MO>KeT 6b1Tb peanl!l30BaHO 0.QHl!IM 1113
Tpex cnoco6oB:
• TOprn;
• npo.Qa>+Ke pblHOL.fHOiii CTOl!IMOCTl!I;
• ocrnBneH111e 06opy.QoBaH111R 3a onepa
TOPOM no weHe He Hl!l>Ke pblHOL.fHOiii CTO
l!IMOCTl!I ill Ha ycnOBl!IRX, onpe.qenReMblX
cornaweH111eM c Kn111eHTOM (n. 111 2 er. 350
1K Pm).
06opy.QOBaH111e .QOn>KHl!IKOB, He RBnR
IOll.\l!IXCR npe.qnp1t1H1t1MaTenRMl!I, np111.QeTCR
npo.QaBaTb c TOproB. Ecn111 weHa 06opy.qo
BaH111R npeBblCl!IT pa3Mep .qonra, 3aKa3L.fl!IK
.qon>KeH nonyY1t1Tb pa3HIIIL1Y· Ha .qene B 6onbw1t1HCTBe
.qoroBopoB
Ha oKa3aH111e ycnyr UO,l\aM111 no.qo6Hb1e
ycnOBl!IR OTCYTCTBYIOT. Ecn111 CTOPOHbl He
CMoryT cornacoBaTb 111x Bnocne.qcrn111111,
06opy.QoBaH111e He06XO.Ql!IMO 6y.QeT pea
nill30BaTb c ny6rn'1YHblX TOproB, cne.QyR
CTORTenbHOiii npo.Qa>+K1t1BaeMoro
o6opy.QOBaHl!IR 3aKa3L.fl!IKa.
Ho ee.Qb 06opy.c1oeaHHe co.Qep>KHT .QaH
Hble, KOTOpble cpopManbHO He enHSHOT
Ha ero CTOHMOCTb, HO MOryT 6b1Tb >Kl-13-
HeHHO ea>KHblMH .QnR K/lHeHTa. l.lro ,Qe
naTb c HHMH oneparopy?
C. P.: B n1060M cnyYae onepaTOpy Herne
.qyeT pean1t130BblBaTb o6opy.QOBaHl!le BMe
CTe c 3an111caHHOiii Ha Hero 1t1HcpopMa1..1111eiii,
nocKonbKY y Hero HeT npaBa pacnopR
>KaTbCR 3Tl!IMl!I .QaHHblMl!I (CT. 6 me.aep0!7b
HO,O 30KOHO OT 27.07.2006 r. N° 149-m3
«06 t1Hc/JOpMOl.jt1t1, t1Hc/JOpM01.jt10HHb/X
TeXH0!70rt1RX t1 0 301.1.jt1Te t1Hc/JOpMOl.jt1t1»}.
K TOMY >Ke CBe.QeHIIIR MOryr HOCl!ITb KOHcpl!I
.QeH1..1111anbHbliii xapaKTep (Hanp111Mep, nep
coHanbHb1e .QaHHb1e).
0.QHaKO B .QOroBopax c KnllleHTaMl!I >Ke
naTenbHO npe.QyCMOTpeTb B03MO>KHOCTb
y.qaneHl!IR 1t1HcpopMa1..1111111 B cnyyae pean111-
3a1..1111111 06opy.QoBaH111R B cl.feT noraweHl!IR
.qonroB. Ecn111 cTOpOHbl He cornac0Ban111
no.qo6Hoe ycnoB111e, TO onepaTOp MO>KeT
ocp1111..1111anbHO npe.QnO>Kl!ITb Knl!leHry CKO
n111poBaTb weHHble .QaHHble (B TOM L.fl!ICne
Ha ycnoBl!IRX onnaTbl no rnp111cpaM one
paTOpa). Ecn111 .QOn>KHl!IK He oTpearnpyeT,
TO l!IMeeT CMblCn y.qanl!ITb 1!1HcpOpMa1..111110 C
HOCl!ITeneiii, HO npl!I 3TOM coxpaHIIITb pe-
3epBHYIO KOnl!IIO. CTOl!IMOCTb C03.QBHl!IR
ill xpaHeHl!IR pe3epBHOiii Kon111111 MO>KHO
L.lO,llb1.PKHV1Kax, vinvi Kor,qa HeYeM nnarnTb no cYeraM 47
IOP����ECKA�KOHCYnbTAU��
nonblTaTbCS'l 83blCKaTb C KnvleHTa B KaYe
CTBe y6blTKa, noHeceHHoro oneparopoM
s xo.ae 3all.(v1Tb1 csov1x npas (er. 15 rx PrJ>).
&.1. c.: B coornercrnv1v1 co er. 340 rx PrJ>
CTOvlMOCTb npe,aMera 3anora (nv160, KaK s
HaweM cnyYae, y,aep>1Ke TaKO
ro cornaweHv1s:i Her v1nv1 s xo.ae paccMo
rpeHv1s:i .aena s cy.ae sb1s:isv1nocb pa3HO
rnarne CTOPOH OTHOCv!TenbHO CTOvlMOCTvl
no.ane>Kall.(ero peanv13aL1v1v1 v1Myll.(ecrna .
.aaHHbliii sonpoc pewaercs:i cy.aoM Ha oc
HosaHv1v1 3aKn10YeHv1s:i cneL1v1anv13v1posaH
Horo 3Kcnepra-oL1eHll.(v1Ka.
HeCOMHeHHO, xpaHeHvle Ha OL1eHv1sae
MOM o6opy.aosaHvlvl nl06blX ,aaHHblX Knvl
eHTa cnoco6Ho cyll.(ecrneHHO ocno>KHvlTb
3a,aayy no onpe.aeneHv110 ero crov1Mocrn.
Hanpv1Mep, cse,aeHv1s:i, cocrasns:iioll.(v1e
oco6yio L1eHHOCTb .ans:i co6crneHHv1Ka
06opy.aosaHv1s:i, Moryr He npe.acrasns:iTb
v1Hrepeca .ans:i rpeTbvlX nv1L1. a cne.aosa
renbHO, He vlMeTb 3HaL1v1TenbHOiii pblHOLI
HOiii CTOvlMOCTvl.
TaK>Ke He cne.ayeT 3a6b1BaTb, LITO B OT
HOWeHvlvl HeKOTOpblX Bvl.[\08 vlHq:JOpMal.lvlvl
3aKoH ycraHasnv1saer onpe.aeneHHb1e or
pa,-,,14e 115l. 3TO Kacaercs:i nepcoHanbHblX
.:a--:, x. KO Mep4eCKOiii vi 6aHKOBCKOiii -a- - a -a e
__j11p0Koro p5l,aa npoL1v1x
• a-c-om·:> il'-CDopMal..\1111 co cneL1v1anb
-:, -paso3o pe 11MOM 11 orpaHv1L1eH-
-::, • c:ocy OM.
npe.acasn,ierc,i, YTO sHe 3asv1cv1Mo
c11 or peweHv15l sonpoca o pblHOLIHOiii
cTOv1Mocrn xpaHs:ill.(eiiirn Ha 06opy.aosa
Hv1v1 v1HcpopMaL1v1v1 oneparop L.(0,lla He
.aon>KeH npv1Hv1MaTb Ha ce6s:i pv1cKv1 npo
.aa>1KeT OKa3aTbCS'l KaKa5l-nv160 oxpaHS'l
eMas:l 3aKOHOM vlHq:JOpMal.lvls:l, s oco6eH
HOCTvl KaCalOll.(a5lrn TpeTbvlX nvll.\. Mo>KHO
peKoMeH,aosarb npv1 peanv13aL1v1v1 y.aep
>1KHOiii L1eHbl 06opy.ao
saHv15l so3naraerc5l Ha Ha3HaYaeMoro
CY.QOM 3KcnepTa-Ol.leHll.(vlKa. 0CHOBHblMvl
no.axo,aaMv1, v1cnonb3yeMblMvl npv1 npose
.aeHv1v1 OL1eHKv1, s:isns:iiorrn cpasHv1renb-
sopa c Knv1eHTOM v1 csoespeMeHHoro v1H
cpopMv1posaHv1s:i .aon>1KHOCTvl npv1MeHeHvls:l
Ka>K.aoro MeTO,aa B KOHKpeTHOM cnyYae,
TaK v1 or L1env1 v1 3a,aaYv1 OL1eHKv1, npe.ano
naraeMoro v1cnonb30BaHv15l pe3ynbraros
Ol.\eHKvl, .aonyll.(eHv1iii, a TaK>Ke nonHOTbl v1
.[\OCTOBepHOCTvl vlCXO.[\HOiii vlHcpOpMal.lvlvl.
Mo>KeT n111 Kn111eHT onporecroearb
apecr ceoero 06opyA0BaH111i:1 111 noAaTb
BCTpe"IHbli1 IIICK, CKa>KeM, 3a Yll.lep6,
HaHeCeHHbli1 lil3·3a OCTaHOBKlil 61113Hec
npo1.1eccoe? 1,1 KaK Aei1creoeaTb, ecn111
oneparop yAep>K111eaer 06opyA0BaH111e
He3aKOHHO?
C. P.: npaso Ha 06pall.(eHv1e s cy.a ecrb
scer.aa. HO ycnex vlCKa 3aBvlCv1T OT MHOrvlX
o6cTOmenbCTB. Knv1eHT MO>KeT rpe6osarb
npeKpaTvlTb y.aep>KaHvle, KOMneHCvlpOBaTb
y6blTKvl, BKnlOYas:i ynyll.(eHHYIO Bblro,ay,
ocnapv1sarb L1eHy peanv13aL1v1v1 v1Myll.(e
crna v1 T . .a. flio6oe rpe6osaHv1e .aon>KHO
6b1Tb no,aKpenneHo .aoKa3arenbcTBaMvl.
Y.aep>11KHO ocnopv1Tb, ecnv1 He 6b1nv1
co6nio,aeHbl ycnosv1s:i, v13no>1KeT MvlHvlMv13vlpOBaTb
nyTeM
npasv1nbHOro v13no>1Koro
He3aKOHHOro sna,aeHvl5l (CT. 301 tK P(J)), a
TaK>Ke Tpe6osaTb B03Mell.(eHvls:l y6blTKOB.
&.1. C.: Knv1eHT L.(0,lla KaK co6crneHHvlK
y.aep>1KHOCTb 06paTv1Tbrn B cy.a c vlCKOM 06
vlCTpe6osaHvlvl vlMyll.(eCTBa vl3 He3aKOH
HOro sna.aeHvl5l onepaTOpa. B raKoiii rnry
aL1v1v1 oneparop 6y.aer o6s:i3aH .aoKa3aTb
npasoMepHOCTb npv1MeHs:ieMoro y.aep>Ka
HvlR TaK>Ke Knv1eHT snpase rpe6osarb
KOMneHCal.lvlvl y6blTKOB, B03HvlKWvlX B pe-
3ynbTaTe HenpasoMepHoro y.aep>1KaHvleM.
,llaHHOe rpe6osaHv1e Mo>Ker 6b1Tb npe,ab-
5lBneHo v1 s cnyyae, ecnv1 cnopHoe 06opy
.aosaHv1e y>Ke peanv13osaHo L.(0,lloM. Ho
npv1 3TOM TOLIHbliii pa3Mep y6blTKOB .aon
>KeH 6b1Tb .[\OKyMeHTanbHO no.arnep>K.QeH
vlCTL\OM. •
Ecn« Bbl xornre OCTa8'1Tb KOMMeHTap'1'1
K crarbe, socnonb3Y�Tecb AaHHblM OR-KOAOM.
