NTUA 170years Volume B

170

2012

170

B

. , . , . , ..

-. , . , .

(), 1902

170

B

. , . , . , ..

, 4 & 5 2009

170

, 4 & 5 2009

. (), . . (), . ( ), . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . ()

. , . , . , . , .

.

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. , . . .

VII

-

II:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

. . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

. , , .. (1960-2008). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

. - , . (1985-2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

V:

. , 1898. 110 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105

, 1830-1878 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121

. . 19 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149

1899: - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169

. , . . , . . (1912-1989), -, , : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

VIII

. 1943-44. , 1940 . . . . . . . . . . 193

. . . . . . . . . . 209

1930 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

. . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253

. . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

. ----: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

- 20 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

: I: , , &

3 I : &

1.

, , , 16.5% , 20 .

, 4 . , , , .

18 19 (, ,, -, , ..).

, 400 , , , , , (, , ..) (, , ..) - , - , .

. , ...

1

1. , 4 .. .

2. - 18 19 .

3. , .

4. .

5. .2

3

4

5

4

2.

1956 .

- 1940, 2 .

2.500 , , , - , 22000, 25500, 30000 - , 200x28m 37000 DWT. 335x53.6m 250000 DWT. 420x74,7m 500000 DWT, , , ..

H 1962, - 190x55m, 400t, - 1500m,

6

7

6. .

7. .

5 I : &

7500, 18000 28000 , - , , ..

To , , 1861 o - 1969, 15000t 25000t , (SYNCROLIFT 2500t), - 1800m, , , , .. 1971 9000t 15000t. . , , - , , , ..

3. ,

:

8

9

8. .

9. .

6

:

3.1

GRT

1 15980Bulk Carriers 37500 DWT 19 389010Bulk Carriers 42800 DWT 3 71280Product Carriers 15 267800 SD-14 21 191100SD-14 Liners 6 53920 4 17180 2 7440 1 475 ---------- ------------------ 72 1014185

4- 2 8 6 5 3 4 6 3

10

11

12

13

14

10. Bulk Carrier .

11. .

12. (bulk Carrier 37500 DTW).

13. (Product Carrier 30000 DWT).

14. .

15. SD-14 Liner.

16. ATLANTIS.

15

16

7 I : &

3.2

7

Tankers Bulk Carriers 8

1

Drilling Platforms 3

.

1970, ( 125000 GRT ) SD-14 - , 21000. 25000 GRT .

3.3

Fast Attack Craft 2

10

Missile Fast Attack Boats 9

3

Landing Ships (LST) 5

Offshore Patrol Vessels 8

Coastal Product Carriers 2

1

( ) 3

6

Missile Fast Attack Craft 4

17 17. SUPER VITA.

8

3.4

- . , 530-580 17-18mt DWT / 850-900 , 5.5mt DWT.

.3.5

: Oil Drilling Platforms

20

23

21

22

24

20. 214.

21. MECO 200 HN.

22. .

23. .

24. .

18

19

18. FINCANTIERI.

19. COMBATTANTE.

9 I : &

4. -

- - (-, , , ..)

.

- :

(Labour intensive) (Local Added Value) 35%-40% - 70%-75% . .

25

25. .

26. .

27. .

26

27

10

- , - ( , , , , ..)

(, , ) , , . H - (, , , , ..) .

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- , , (, -, , , ..)

, .

, , -- .. (1969).

:

- ... 1225 () 735 . 5000

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28

29

30

28. .

29. .

30. .

11 I : &

6. - ...

. E - -, , ..

, , .

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/-/ -

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( ) .

6.2

400t. - . . .

6.3

( . .)

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, - - .

- ( , , , , , ) .

31

32

31. .

32. .

13 : &

.

. - 1854.

, , , , 6/18 1837. , - , , .

www. nfpigika.gr .., 17 , 24.04.1923.

. , 1920, , , . ... . .

- 1895.

47 1960, -. 1900-2000.

..., , .. - , ...

.

. 20 ,

.

. . 1929.

, - .

1948. 20

, -, . - .

, scantlings, ,

. . &

14 .

, 6 - 7 ! 1960 1972 .

, 20 , -, , , !

1930, .

, 1941 1944, , , - , , .

-. , , 100 Liberty . .

, , 30 . . , , - , , 1960.

, 400 800 , 25 , . - , 5-6 .

.

, - , , , , .

1960 - .

, . - .

, -, , - , Liberty replacement ships, SD14, .

, , -.

15 : &

1970, .

. - . , - , , .

- , , , , - .

, , , -. , . - , - , , , .,

,

, , . , .

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. . , . .

19 - 20 . () (). - . 1870 , , , , . 1880 108 , -- 1861. 1875 25 .

, 1850, . . , , , , -- , , - . . 1887 240 () 60 . 1867 , 1875 . . 1895 . , , , .

- . 50 . - , - . . .

19 . , , , ( ). - & , , 1960. - . , - . , , ,

. . . .

18 . . , . .

, 1940. , , . . . . (1962). , . -- . . , . . , , . ( ).

- , , , 1837 , , 1887, - . , . 1, 1915 49 . . 19 . . 500 (250 )! . : (. ), , .

1914 . - . 1917 - 1975, . 1963 1968 . 1982 .

1. . , 1898 1915 (: ., , 1950)

1898 3 1904 1 1910 1

1899 6 1905 7 1911 1

1900 3 1906 3 1912 2

1901 - 1907 - 1913 -

1902 1 1908 7 1914 3

1903 2 1919 2 1915 7

49

19 I I : &

. 1916-1940 2. , , (, , ) . 1972 , - .

2. . / / , 1916 1940(: ., , 1950)

/ / / / /

1916 5 1929 10 -

1917 6 1930 11 -

1918 9 1931 10 2

1919 8 1932 10 2

1920 10 1933 9 7

1921 32 1934 9 8

1922 4 1935 8 6

1923 14 1936 13 3

1924 9 1937 9 6

1925 14 1938 21 3

1926 18 1939 18 1

1927 13 1940 29 9

1928 8 307 47

2 , , 20 . 1912-13, 1914-18, 1919-22. . 1938 , . . . . 20 . - , , , , . 92, , , , - . 3 221 , , , , , 1920 1934-1935. - 52.626 488 25 1,44% . 33.811 1920. To 1924 56 1074 , 325 , .

20 . . , . .

3. . / /, , 1920 (: ., , 1934 -1935)

28 , 26

30 18

37 13

- 23 27

19 221

, , - , . - 1920 1922-1940. 1300 . 1941 2944 . 126%. , , (. ) 1930 - - . . () - 1934. 1930 . , , , . 1939 - , , 1958, .

. - , . -, .. & , , , , , , - - . 1930 2003, . . /-/ - & , - 1925 ( ) 1935 ( ) .

1940 , , , . , . . . , , ,

21 I I : &

, Diesel , , , . 30.000 7 15 . . . - . . , . , . , , . .

4 . -, - 1941-2007.

- 1974 2008 1350 . . , , , , - .

1879. 1950 400 - . , 1950, . -. , . - , , , , , -, , , -, , (, , , ) . .

-, , . , , . , , . . . , , .

, , - , , , . -, . - .

, , - , , , . -, .

22 . . , . .

- .

4. . / / & N / , 1941 2007, (: , 1950, / / )

/ /

/ / /

/ /

1941 22 32 1974 167 9

1942 18 5 1975 203 10

1943 43 3 1976 155 27

1944 9 5 1977 135 24

1945 39 1978 109 32

1946 47 3 1979 186 44

1947 9 5 1980 127 48

1948 26 1981 59 40

1949 16 1982 89 35

1950 58 1983 125 62

1951 68 1984 98 32

1952 63 1985 96 37

1953 115 1986 122 34

1954 88 1987 113 40

1955 56 1988 118 34

1956 62 1989 113 29

1957 62 1990 107 39

1958 69 1991 130 34

1959 72 1992 129 25

1960 63 1993 116 23

1961 88 1994 140 37

1962 102 1995 156 33

1963 121 1996 168 47

1964 117 1997 150 43

1965 82 1998 142 53

1966 132 1999 168 47

1967 109 2000 168 27

1968 175 2001 137 57

1969 187 2002 207 46

1970 120 2003 191 60

1971 130 2004 202 37

1972 170 2005 173 67

1973 204 2006 205 45

2007 182 40

1941-2007 7628 1297

23 I I : &

. . ,

,

,

. ,

., , , 2006.

.., 1840-1940, , 1950.

., 20 , , 2003.

., : H 1830-1940, ,1993.

, . . .. , /, 1995.

, 45 , , 2008.

, 1950-1951 . .

25 I I I : M H X A N I K O I & B I O M H X A N I A

. . . , - - - , .

, , 20 . ( , .)

1902, 1911 .. 1912 .

1933 . , 1962 , 1968 1974 .

. 1980, - . 1985 , New Jersey, , , ull .

- . , 1992 Roanoke Virginia. , 1998, , , , , , , .

- - , ( ).

1911. 1929 - -, . , , 1966 1973, , .

70 - , , . . 1973 , 1974, . .

, , . 1983 , , : - , ,

,

26

, , .

1992, CAL-NAT ( Calzestruzzi ).

1996 - CAL-NAT CONCRETUM . 2000, Blue Circle Industries -. - - Blue Circle, , Lafarge, .

, , , , .

, , 1926, , 1960 .. - , . - , -. .

1968, , - . 1982 , : , 1985, . 50 . . 1988 11 . . ( -), , .

1991 Calzestruzzi - , , Calzestruzzi , , . .

1996, CONCRETUM COMPART. 1996 - , 2000, - Blue Circle. 2001 -, III .

, , , - . , , , . , , .

- - , , 1934 & , . 1943 . : - - 1980-84. , 1990, , CIMENTS FRANCAIS , , 1992 ITALCEMENTI, 5 - .


, , :

6,5

16,0

LAFARGE 9,0

LAFARGE 150,0

ITALCEMENTI 1,4

ITALCEMENTI 61,0

-, -, , .

, , - - , , 56 .

: , , , 84 ! , !

, , . - , ;

- 1967 , , . , , -, . - - . 56 52 , , 48, . , , , .

- .

. - , . , .

- ( ), (, ..) . , , , , ..

28

50 (International Executive Service Corps). , - , - ( ).

, . Legore 35 , . .

Legore , ... ; . : , , , . , . , !

, -, .

- . , , - 150 180, 70, 90. 1995 , , ( 10 20 ) - - . .

, , , . , , .

, , . - - - .

. Schools of Industrial Engineering, 40- , -

, : - , Accident Prevention and the Human Factor.

! . ( !) - , , , - -, . , . , , , , - - , , , .

, , , , ; ;

, , - ; , . :


40- - 20 - ; , - awareness. - DELFT . -. , ...

, , , .

- ( .., - ...). , , 3 4 . : , .

, , , : , , . , . ; , ;

, - .

, MAYERHOFER & SCHURPF - ( - ).

, , :

, .

. / - . , , , . . , , .

, , . . , , - .

, . : , - . , - - - .

30

, .

, , , .

. -, , , . ( ) , .

, , .

20 , .

30% - .

, 20%, 50% - (), . .

, , . - , , - , - , , .

, . - , , - . , - .

. - ( ) - . , .


, - , , . , -. , . .

, - ( ). - 2 4 , .

, -. , :

20% 10 30% . .

. - ( ), , , - . 70%. , , 95% . - .

, 700 kcal/kg , .

, , / - . (.. 50%) .

, 1450C , . , 300C , , , 110C, .

, - . . , , , , , .. .

, , , , .

32

, , - , , .

:

i) , - . , .

ii) - , , .

, , , , .

, . , SEPERATION TECHNOLOGIES, , , - , .

, SEPERATION TECHNOLOGIES, , , , :

, , -

, C2.

, , , , .

, 1995, - 400 - .

, : 1961, , , . , , . , , - .

- , -, , - . , , . - 90C , .


, , 230-260C. , , 460mg/m3 60, 5mg/m3 .

, , , , , ..

, , , Cement Sustainability ( CSI) (. www.titan.gr). , Global Sectoral Approach, -, , .

, ( - KPMG), . , .

( , ) - - - . - .

, 081 , .

- 05 - - , . , , .

, , , ().

, , - . - , , , , .

.

. . , .

, . .

, , , , , , . .

34

, - -, .

, , .

, - .

35 I I I : O I & B I O M H X A N I A

.

.

E . - , - , . - , . , .

. - , - . . - , . . , , , /.

- , , . , , .

, - , , , .

- , .

, - , .

170 , , .

O K. K (1967), .

36 K . K

H E

, (Unit operations), .

, - . . , . Plant Design, .

. . . , , , . - . , .

. 1970 . , , . -, .

... / S&B B ., . - . , / .

( 1970) -, , - , , , , . - , , , .

... / - ,


( , -), ( ) ( , , ). , , .

70 ... / . -, S&B B ... .

/ / , - , , - , , , , , . , .

. , . , / , .

, - ..., , . VEN-TOURI . . - . VENTOURI , .

70 - , , . - , . - / . .

.

38 K . K

/ , , - . , . 70 - CHEMICAL ENGINEERING . 70 .

(1980-85) 1980 . PERLOCEL , , - , , . , . 1981 , - . .

(1985- ) 1985 . , . , . .. . . .

1. VENTOURI ( ).

2. ..

3. ().

3. 12 ().

2

1


VENTOURI - - (. . 1), . O VENTOURI - , . ... 1970 . VENTOURI - . , , VENTOURI. VENTOURI . - , .

, . . 2 Cl SO2. - HCl. , . - SO2. T 1 m. > 99%. . 3 - , 3 . ENVITEC .. , , ~ 500.000 3/.

3

3

40 K . K

. , - , . . 4 , -, . (- ) (VENTOURI ). ( ) , . - .

. 5 - S&B B .. . . . . POLYECO A.E. - . , . , .

. 6 S&B B .. . . - , , - . , . . , .

4


. 7 . . , - / . , (ADSORPTION) , . -

, , , , , ( ) -

4. .

5. - (S&B B .. - . ).

6. (S&B B .. - . ).

7. ( ).

5

6 6

7

42 K . K

. . . - , .

- , . . . - 1980 .

- . . , , .

H

1 1967, - . , . , , - . . . (!). . .. 37281 22 . 1966 , , - . .3518/28 / , , T / . - . .

. . , 1930, , / . .

, , - - -


, , .

, , , , - .

, , - .

, , , - , (, , , , -, ). .

H -:

, - , - , , .

, -.

.

.

- 1993 -, .

- .

, , .

.. 1950 , , . 6422/34 - . .. 1950 . 3518/28 - / , .

44 K . K

.. 274/97, , .

, - . - 2008, .

- , :

. , (), , - . , , - .

, 2834/2001 , .. 274/97 " ", , . - .

-, . (!) - .

.. - ( .. 274/97) :

, , ... - , (), -.

, . - .

- 1930 . - . :


- .

, . - . (!).

( .. 274/97) , /.

/ - , - (!) .

, , , - . , , , (!) .

, - . , . - . , .

. - : - . .

, , , .

, .

47 I : &

.

..

... , - 170 , , .

, 1945, . , - . - . , UNRRA .

1945 , (), , - . , 1936 , , , . -1-. , -, , , . , - . .

-Dewaxing

, , . , , , , -. , .

, ( ) (dewaxing-). , , - , , ,

. .

1. .

48 .

. .

, - . 2-. , , , , , - .

, . . Petroleum Refiner 1957 (2), -. 3- , , -6C, . , , . .. & , , 1883, 80 . 4-.

,

2

2. . , . , , . .

3. . Petroleum Refiner.

3

4

4.

49 I : &

, , . 5-. - , -, . , , - . , , , . . 6, 7, 8.

, - , ,

5

5. . . , . . .

6. - .

7. .

8. .

6

7

8

50 .

. -, .

2-3 - . , . (1, 3, 4) . . - (Viscosity Index-VI), ), .

- , , .

TEXACO. , - . .

- , , - .

- 50, . . , , , . - , , , . -. . .-. 9-

9

9.

51 I : &

- , - , , - .

, , .

, - , , , 20.000 , - (marine oils).

, : - , , , . , , - .

, , , . 10-

10

10. , .

52 .

- , . , .

Dr. Franz Koehler, UHDE, : , . . - .

Dr. F. Ringer, ATLANTIC REFINING Co - , : - , , , , .

. Mastraud, OMNIUM LYONNAIS, : - . . -, .. . -. 11-

1962 (IFP). , , - . - 120 Bar 200C . IFP , , .

IFP LUBIFYN. IFP, 100.000 /, , - 8,5 . 1971. -. 12-

, .

PARS OIL Co, , , , 25.000 , 25 . 1958 , 3.000.000 $ , 1962. .

11

11. - , , . , . , . . .

12. LUBIFYN IFP.

12

53 I : &

, - ABADAN.

. . , . -. . 13-

, , , - . , --- . (5) . .

Pars Oil , , Haifa Refineries Ltd (HRL). , - , -, -. , -, . - , - . , . -- (). - HRL. . 14- ,

13

14

13. PARS OIL , .

14. HRL .

54 .

. .

LUBIFYN IFP. 1972-1974 , BITUMOIL. , KONSTAS Engineering Ltd , IFP -. . 30.000 /. . 15-

BITUMOIL - . .

, 1937, 1964. 1963 - SYREN, - .

SYREN - , . - . , , , , , , . 16, .

BITUMOIL -, 1970.

, SYREN -

15

16

15. BITUMOIL .

16. pipe-line .

55 I : &

, , .

. , :

, .. ... - , .. MOTOR OIL. - 1970. , ... , ... -

, . . .. ( ), .. ( ), .. ( .), .. ( ).

170 ... - -

- . -

PARS OIL -

HRL -

GORA_DAURA SYREN

TEXACO SYREN -

ESSO SYREN -

SHELL Hellas -

JOPETROL - -

Pipe-line 42

JOPETROL - -

BITUMOIL --IFP

-

56 .

, . - .

1. Betriebsergebnisse eines Berieselungsverdampfers, A.S.Konstas, Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik 12/1953, 715-717

2. They use benzene-acetone to dewax, A.S.Konstas, Petroleum Refiner 36, 241-242 (1957)3. , .. ,

' (1956), . 2284. Evaporation par ruissellement sur tubes horizontaux chauffes, A.S.Konstas, Chimie et

Industrie, Genie Chimique 79 (6) 179-185 (1958)5. Teheran gets new, flexible lubricating oil refinery, A.S.Konstas, Oil and Gas International,

February 19646. , . .

. . , ' 24-31 1970, 384-387 (1970)

7. , . . . . , ' 24-31 1970, 388

8. La recuperation des pertes en solvant dans les installations d' extraction, A. S. Konstas et S. A. Konstas, Oleagineaux 26, 111-113 (Fevrier 1971)

9. , .. , : , , 1992

10. () .., . . , -, , TICCIH, 30 2006

57 I I : M H X A N I K O I K A I B I O M H X A N I A

.

, , .. (1960-2008).

..H .. 1960, - . , 1894 15 . .

.. (...) . - 2000 (t)/24 1961 , 1962 1963 . , 1972 1975 . 1992 31000 (t) - + (319000 t) 90% 110% . bank 90% . 2002 2003 . 2007 50,1% -, 317500 , .

1 ( -, , t/, , t/., , , , ). (. 1)

- .

2 , - 1993/4 2007/8, 1 -30 . (. 2)

2 1993/94, 1994/95, 1995/96 - .. 1997/98 1993-96 86.9 . . ( 255.5 . ) - 364000 3747 . . ( 11,0 . ).

+ 319000 () - , .

2 - . , , , -.

O . . [email protected]

58 .

, 2007, 50,1% , 158,500 t , 2009/10 ( 1).

12, 13, 14 15%, - . 2009/10 .

. IPRO 2009 .

A

-

pi

(.)

(t)

A pi (.) (t)

(. ) (x 1000 ton)

1

2


( - , , , , , , - ) . [17, 18, 23, 34].

( , -) 90-110 . . , - .

31000 (2008) ( , , ).

. 3 (1979-2008). . .. 2,1% ( , - 39,2 MJ/kg) 4,96 MJ/kg - . Pol kg . 8,4 kJ/kg .

1997 2000. - 2003. .

K

%

pi

K

%

% % 3

60 .

(turn key basis) (, 1961, , 1962, , 1963, , 1972 1975). , optimum .

1970 1980 1990 (.. - ) : , , , , , -, , , , , , .. (, , ..) . , .. --, , , . , .. , -, , .

1998 1.9 - . 5.6 . ( 7000 ) .

- , . , - .

'60 ( /), (, , , , -, , , ) .

. .. , Pellets, , , , - , , .. .

5 - ( , , , , --).

( , , , , , - , , : , , . (, , , )


(, , , - ).

, .

. , .. . .

.

) International Institute of Beet Research (I.I.R.B.) 1932. ( - ). 1985 I.I.R.B. Porto Carras . 1994 .

) Institute Internationale de Technologie Sucrire C.I.T.S. 1950 Dedek. C.I.T.S. to 1975 1998 C.I.T.S. . 2007 2009. 1984 C.I.T.S. /. C.I.T.S. - (-) 1995 Sugar Industry Zuckerindustrie 1876 Die Deutsche Zuckerindustrie :

i. [17, 18, 23, 34].

ii. H [2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16, 19, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 33].

iii. , , - [1, 6, 12, 14, 17, 20, 21, 28, 30, 31].

iv. [7, 22, 32, 34].

2 1976 , - . , -, , . [16].

62 .

1000

- + -

(+)

(-)

1993/94

1994/95

1995/96

1996/97

1997/98

1998/99

1999/00

2000/01

306,5

249,0

286,8

264,8

364,3

200,0

231,7

367,6

(+)10.855 . (+)11.511 . (+)10.553 . (+) 4.224 . (-) 3.747 . (-) 151 . (+) 792 (+) 4.130 .

75.600 . . --- 81.600 . . 3 4.400 . . 12,90 . 84.013 . . 2 4.000 . . 11,75 . 75.900 . . 3.760 . . 11,0 . 86.914 . . --- 81.952 . . 5.248 . . 84.800 . . - 15,4 . 92.100 . .

(+) 31,9

(+) 33,8

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239,8 .

246,9 .

223,1 .

255,5 .

240,9 .

249,3 .

270,3 .

2.270,7 . 38.167 . . . 662,879 . . . 54,05 (+) 112,1 ek. 1.948,0 .

2001/02

2002/03

2003/04

2004/05

2005/06

2006/07

2007/08

314,3

295,5

205,0

259,3

310,0

169,5

200,4 78,4

(+) 17,3 . (+) 15,7 . (+) 5,9 . (-) 4,2 . (+) 9,7 . (+) 14,3 . (+) 0,9 . (-) 13,7 . (+) 4,9 . (-) 8,2 . (+) 0,46 . (-) 7,4 .

" 275,7 . 263,2 . 4,80 . 285,4 . 247,9 . 6,4 . 268,1 . 208,8 . 1,8 . 264,2 .

337,9 . 20,0 . 304,7 . (2003-2008) 253,6 . 205,2 . 182,2 . 131,5 .

" 5 . (2001/02)

5 .

5 .

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3 . +2 . ( )

3 .

1.832,4 . (+) 69,16 . + + " 1.868,0 . 33,0 .

1993-2008

1 : . . .

2: KE- , (1993/4-2007/8) ( 1 -30 )

-

-

/ -

t/ .

Pol. %

t/ .

t

-

t

t

tx

t

1961-641965-681969-721973-761977-80

1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

7,728 20,719 19,081 30,281 40,703 28,934 32,479 29,971 20,967 27,898 28,842 17,453 20,592 27,072 27,791 24,178 28,869 28,729 25,364 24,344 20,643 30,180 29,330 21,823 21,770 20,944 19,766 16,443 13,423 15,532 10,136 5,458 5,015 7,603

7,000 16,200 23,000 35,600 40,400 42,300 40,800 38,400 28,500 43,237 43,594 28,032 34,037 48,590 44,339 39,038 50,012 46,219 40,185 42,297 40,325 52,715 36,269 39,153 49,990 42,274 40,937 39,023 32,929 41,964 26,878 13,721 13,848 23,000

0.90 0.78 1.21 1.17 0.99 1.46 1.26 1.28 1.35 1.55 1.51 1.61 1.65 1.79 1.60 1.61 1.73 1.61 1.58 1.73 1.95 1.75 1.23 1.79 2.29 2.01 2.07 2.37 2.45 2.70 2.65 2.51 2.76 3.03

33.52 47.85 53.22 58.69 58.04 60.48 62.52 62.97 58.10 60.42 58.77 58.93 57.28 70.97 61.76 65.86 61.17 58.82 58.19 60.56 58.31 58.96 53.31 55.14 62.94 66.90 73.13 50.60 65.58 66.28 69.34 56.66 65,20 62,00

15.79 15.90 15.00 14.72 14.47 15.37 14.47 15.19 16.05 15.43 14.43 14.35 14.37 14.38 13.75 13.80 14.53 14.24 13.84 14.17 14.35 14.71 13.41 13.53 14.45 14.18 12.70 13.22 14.64 14.03 13.15 13.39 14.00 14.00

5.25 7.57 7.96 8.63 8.38 9.30 9.05 9.57 9.32 9.32 8.48 8.46 8.23 10.30 8.49 9.08 8.89 8.43 8.05 8.58 8.37 8.67 7.15 7.46 9.09 9.49 9.29 6.07 9.60 9.30 8.06 7.58 9.13 8.68

29,535 99,688 142,035 238,613 265,296 322,589 296,014 297,522 217,018 317,200 287,022 182,119 216,397 387,268 286,868 272,982 353,896 306,512 249,042 286,795 264,758 364,270 200,057 231,721 367,585 314,337 295,552 205,047 259,292 310,340 169,551 78,387 100,382

158,000

123,394 143,775 175,567 235,604 294,731 260,148 293,417 299,216 302,000 317,303 302,263 319,287 324,040 326,197 342,478 325,190 335,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 320,000 315,000 318,000 332,000- 333,000 395,000

- -

12,980 35,846 61,632 102,314 111,423 112,221 108,124 111,618 75,786 130,364 130,917 78,691 101,975 163,129 144,145 124,726 144,060 134,700 119,340 115,364 108,536 141,068 89,175 98,539 146,373 140,276 130,901 88,153 94,752 121,997 62838 32,484 36,284

5,629 27,152 48,129 79,588 87,943 84,672 77,830 75,059 39,064 65,053 63,161 44,668 63,457

106,097 87,307 93,325

111,882 98,934 87,821 97,827 91,595 119,348 80,672 88,285 129,920 111,993 113,929 74,674 85,392 104,799 59,815 29,936 35,408

63,000 117,365 99,325 204,286 231,057 274,621 258,378 310,703 272,841 379,480 353,688 208,679 204,290 506,849 334,566 190,672 228,774 255,172 182,364 174,900 169,252 183,734 117,050 116,807 156,461 145,288 129,548 99,179 96,295 104,635 76,209 47,625 32,673

1993-2008


, .

1970 1984 200 (Hellenic Sugar. Industry Bulletin) . , , SUGAR ABSTRACTS, LONDON.

) Verein Deutscher Zuckertechniker, V.D.Z. ( ). 4 .

) Sugar Processing Research Institute, ..., 6 1996 - S.P.R.I. [for his outstanding contribution to Sucrose Science and Technology] ... 2 .

: 1996 S.P.R.I. Science Award Presentation ENERGY ECONOMY OPTIMIZATION IN THE SEPARATION PROCESSES OF SUCROSE WATER AND NON-SUGARS Pascal A. Christodoulou, Hellenic Sugar Industry, Thessaloniki Greece. INTERNATIONAL SUGAR JOURNAL 1996 Vol. 98 No 1172 pp. 419-430. , DYNAMIS (FORCE) ENERGIA (ENERGY) - - : , [24].

) The Sugar Technologists Association of India, 19-21, 2000 Agra TAZ HAL (75 ).

500 : Energy Economy Optimization in the Sugar Industry of India through the Applica-tion of the second Law of Thermodynamics [29].

1998 ... 38 -, , 2000 , Zuckerindustrie Sugar Industry [32, 33, 34].

(1960-1998) (1962-1982), (1966-1982), - (1982-1984) , (1984-1995) 1995-1998 . - - (1977-1981) - (1977-1978). / / 1978 1997.

1999 - , . ( ... /) : . 2000 (1-4 ) Constantin Caratheodory in His Origins .. .

64 .

2003 . ILYA PRIGOGINE (1927-2003) , . ... ( 143).

EXTRACTION OPTIMIZATION IN FOOD ENGINEERING editors Prof. C. TZIA, G. LIADAKIS publisher Marvel Dekker. Inc. 270 Madison Av. New York 10016, 2003 SUGARS AND CARBOHYDRATES pp 235-302 [31].

1. Christodoulou P. La nouvelle station d puration et de filtration de jus de la sucrerie

de Platy.La Sucrerie Belge, 2, (1972) pp. 61-68. Summary in English Sugar Industry Abstracts (S.I.A.), 72, 735.

2. Christodoulou P., The optimization of energy economy in the sugar factory Zeitschrift fur die Zuckerind. 27, pp. 441-446 and 509-515 (1977) (Doctor thesis abstract) in German.

3. Christodoulou P. A course for energy economy in the sugar industry Zuckerind. 103, pp. 329-331 (1978) in German.

4. Christodoulou P. Le nouveau corps d evaporation dune surface de chauffe de 3.200 m2 de la sucrerie de Platy. La Sucrerie Belge 97, pp. 72-90 (1978).

5. Hadjiantoniou D., Christodoulou P., Zountsas G., The influence of calcium chloride on the pressability of exhausted pulp and in the purity of diffusion juice, in the presence of SO2. EBZ Quart. Bull. No 42, pp. 244-257 (1980) in Greek.

6. Christodoulou P., et al., Conditions of sugar extraction from beets EBZ Quart. Bull. 50-51 (1982) 57-79 in Greek.

7. Analogides D., Christodoulou P., Hadjiantoniou D., Zagoraios G., Sugar losses in the sugar factory silos stored beets EBZ Quart. Bull. No 52-53 pp. 11-12 (1983) in Greek.

8. Christodoulou P. Operation experiences with the application or a heat pump in the evaporation station of a sugar factory Proceedings of the 17th General Assembly of CITS, pp. 291-314 Copenhagen (1983) published also in German in Zuckerind 109 no. 7, pp. 628-634 (1984).

9. Christodoulou P. Modello di un Zuccherificio con basso consumo di vapore. Lecture delivered at Ferrara University in Feb. 1984, Saccharifera Italiana 5, (1984) pp. 133-150.

10. Christodoulou P. Cost of kWh generated in a sugar factory taking into account the exergy efficiency CITS meeting Budapest 1985, published in German in Zuckerind. (1986) pp. 45-46.

11. Christodoulou P. Model of a sugar factory with low fuel consumption in Hungarian language, Cukoripar (1985) pp. 137-144 and (1986) pp. 12-19.

12. Hadjiantoniou D., Christodoulou P., Zountsas G., The influence of a-N2, K and Na on the color formation of thin juice Minutes of 18th CITS General Assembly in Ferrara, June 1987, pp. 141-152, in German.

13. Christodoulou P., A model of a sugar factory with low sugar consumption a paper presented in Warsawa in May 1987, during the General Assembly of Polish Sugar Technologists, Polish translation.

14. Christodoulou P., Zountsas G., The influence of melassigenic factors on colour formation A paper presented to the CITS. meeting in Malmoe, Sweden. May 26, 1988, Zuckerind. 113 (1988) No. 11. P. 973

15. Christodoulou P., Theoretical and practical limits of energy consumption lowering during sugar production A paper presented to the CITS meeting in Vienna, May 23, 1989, p. 17.

16. Christodoulou P., The pinch technology and the energy reduction in the beet sugar process, paper presented at the 19th General Assembly of CITS, 24-28 June 1991, Cambridge, published also in Zuckerind. 117 (1992) No. 3 pp. 169-175, E. and in Japanese The Food Industry Vol. 37, No 4 (1994) pp. 67-79.

17. Christodoulou P., Hadjiantoniou D., Experiences with juice purification of beets of Mediterranean origin Zuckerind. 116 (1991) Nr. 2, pp. 130-136.


18. Christodoulou P., Maslaris N. The role and the significance of sodium in the technological value of beets of Mediterranean origin Zuckerind. 117 (1992) No. 8, p. 638.

19. Christodoulou P. Energy savings by small changes in the network of condensate preheaters, paper presented at CITS, Scientific Committee Meeting, 26-27 April 1993 in Breda, Holland, Zuckerind. 118 (1993) No. 5, p. 386.

20. Hadjiantoniou D., Christodoulou P. Control of Industrial Wastes and Water recirculation in EBZ, paper presented at the International Conference on pretreatment of industrial Waste Waters, Athens, 13-15 Oct. 1993.

21. Christodoulou P., Operating parameters of extraction systems for optimum pulp pressing presented at the CITS Meeting at Wasrsaw, April 26, 1994, Zuckerind. 119 (1994) Nr. 12, pp. 1004-1007.

22. Christodoulou P., Education of Hellenic Sugar Industry technical personnel in the energy field, using computer programs Zuckerind. 120 (1995) Nr. 12 pp. 1048-1050.

23. Maslaris N., Christodoulou P., Zountsas G., Quantitative effect of root/leaf growth on root quality parameters in sugar beet presented at the 20th General Assembly of CITS, Munich, June 26-30, 1995, E. Proceedings pp. 85-93, Zuckerind. 122 (1997), Nr. 3, pp. 208-211.

24. Christodoulou P. Energy economy optimization in the separation processes of sucrose-water and non-sugars Sugar Processing Research Institute, Inc. Science Award Winner presentation at the SPRI conference on April 15, (1996) New Orleans, U.S.A. Proceedings pp. 1-23, published also in Int. Sugar JNL (1996), Vol. 98, No 172, pp. 419-430 and in L Industria Saccarifera Italiana, Sett. Ott. 1965, 5, pp. 171-182 in Italian translation, and in Gazeta Cukrownicza Nr. 2 (1997), pp. 21-28 in Polish translation and in Cukoripar (1998) 2, pp. 52-59 in Hungarian translation.

25. Christodoulou P., Exergy balance of a steam pulp drier utilizing superheated steam Zuckerindustrie 123 (1998) Nr. 7, pp. 508-517, published also in Gazeta Cukrownicza, 5, 6, (1998) pp. 87-89, 101-104 in Polish translation.

26. Christodoulou P. A proposal to use the new tools of holistic and probabilistic approach, that is the chaos and complexity theory and fractal geometry in the study an evolution of expert systems in a sugar factory. Summary in the paper: 22nd Meeting of the CITS Subcommittee Measurement and Process Control Thessaloniki, April 22-23, 1998, by A. J. Waterlander and L. Kroes, Zuckerindustrie 123 (1998) Nr. 7, pp. 526-528.

27. Christodoulou P. Possibilities of application of the chaos and complexity theory in Sugar Technology presented at the 21st General Assembly of CITS in Antwerp 25-28 May, (1999), Proceedings, Bartens, pp. 330-348, Summary Sugar Ind. Abstracts (2000), 1025, Published in Zuckerindustrie 125 (2000) Nr. 8, pp. 610-613.

28. Christodoulou P. New approaches to crystallization theories Sugar Processing Research Institute, April 9-12 (2000), Porto, Portugal, Proceedings 293-321.

29. Christodoulou P. Energy economy optimization in the Sugar Industry of India through the application of the second law of Thermodynamics Inauguration Speech at the 62nd Annual Convention of the Sugar Technological Association of India, Proceedings (2000), pp. 52-101.

30. Christodoulou P. The complexity of the sugar crystal Growth and Morphology presented at the meeting of CITS scientific committee in Paris, 18-19 May 2001, Zuckerindustrie 127 (2000) Nr. 7, 538-539.

31. Christodoulou P. Design and Operation of Extraction Optimization in Food Processes, Sugar and Carbohydrates editors C. Tzia and G. Liadakis, Publisher Marcel Dekker, Inc. 270 Madison Avenue, New York 10016 (2003) pp. 285-302.

32. Christodoulou P., Bezergianni S. The competitiveness of Bioethanol Production from Sugar Beet 23rd General Assembly of CITS, Rostock (2007), May 13-16, Proceedings Bartens, Berlin (2008), pp. 77-85.

33. Traganitis S., Christodoulou P. Experiences with the Application of the new Technology of the Falling Film Plate Evaporators in a Beet Sugar Factory 23rd General Assembly of CITS, Rostock (2007), May 13-16, Proceedings Bartens, Berlin (2008), pp. 215-220.

34. Christodoulou P., Kazantzi V., Bezergianni S., Gounaris K. The sustainability of beet sugar production in comparison with other sugar crops 1st European Society for Sugar Technology (ESST), joint meeting with Verein Deutscher Zuckertechniker Rotterdam, 18-20 May 2009, Summary in Sugar Industry/Zuckerindustrie 134 (2009) No. 5, p. 380.

67 I : &

. - , .

(1985-2005)

1. , - (-), , .

60, Schultz (1961, 1963) Becker (1964), Schultz, : (Human Capital Theory). Schultz, ( ) . , , , , [1]. - , , , . -, (Solow, 1956. Abramovitz, 1961. Schultz, 1961), 80, New Growth Theory (Romer, 1986. Lukas, 1988).

Cobb-Douglas . - - .

- . . (, 2005). , .. , , . , - , , .

( ) - - (Leontief,

[1] - , , 1985.

. - . . ...

68 . - , .

1935; Ghosh, 1958). To -[2] (-) - , .

- (demand driven model), , (directs effects) ( ), - (indirect effects). , (sectoral linkage) [3].

- - , [4], . , .

, - , . , (McNicoll and Marsh 2000; Alexander and McNicoIl, 1992; Gibb and Keoghan, 1998; Richard and McNicoll, 2002; Valadkhani, 2003).

: -, , , .

2. - (backwards multipliers) [5]. , (BM) () , , (D). , .[6] .

Rasmussen (1956) Hirchman (1958), -

[2] : , 2003. [3] (, 2005).[4] .[5] , , -, - - , . .[6] - , .

69 I : &

( . Dietzenbacher Los, 2000). -[7] : ) ) - (. , ...)

-, :X= + F, (1) , F :

, .

(1) :=(-)-1F, (2) (-)-1 Leontierf . ,

(2), Ri = ri (-)

-1, (3) ri ( -

) i . -

ri, . , lmn lki ( 4) m n. 2 3 :

Lki = lki(-)-1F, (4)

Lki . Lmn Lki -

m , n. - . (lki) (Lki) . , (4), , , , [8].

3. , , 1988-2005. - , (). - . , , : ) , : 1988-1993 ( 1990), 1994-1999 ( 1994), 2000-2005 ( 2000). ) , D,

[7] : , 2003. [8] , ( Leontief ) . , , .

70 . - , .

: 1988-1996 ( D 1994), 1997-2005 ( D 2000). 1990, 1994 2000, D 1994 . D 2000 ( .., 2008). - 25 x 25, 25 ( 1, ).

, 1988-2005, (- 2, ).

4. 1988 1,02% -, 2005 1,70%. , 1988 7,71% , 2005 7,179% ( 6%). , , 90% -: 22, ( ), 19 ( ), 14 ( ), 16 () 15 (, ), 21[9] ( ) 63,4%. 1, 21. ( 2). , 21 1998, (, ).

[9] , , , , . 1, .

pi, pi/

70000

80000

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050

R2 = 0,8999

R2 = 0,9522

1. - 21

71 I : &

, , , (4). , (- 3), 10%, , .

- (Belegri-Roboli .. 2006), -. , .

2. 14, 15, 16, 19 22.

5000

,

, pi, pi

pi pi

45004000350030002500200015001000

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 1986 2000 2002 2004

5000

3:

1988

5

1

21 22

2

13 14

24

4

3

2

1

01989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 19981996 1997 1999 20032000 20022001 20052004

6 1015

47 8 9

1116

53

1217 18 19 20

2523

72 . - , .

, , , . , (- .. 2005) [10], , , (. European Commission, 2005).

, 2005 : 21, 14, 4, 22, 20, 11 15. , , (21, 14 15), - (4, 22, 20 11). 2005 ( 4) - , , 4, 22, 20, 11, . , , .

4: , 2005

(- .. 2005) , 47 ( 1992) 27 - , 12 , , , .

, - . ( ) ( 5) ( 3, ).

5, 1997 . , , -, 2000,

[10] , 9,55%

1,40

pi

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

1,20

1,00

0,80

0,60

0,40

0,20

0,00

73 I : &

. 22 21 , . , , 14 ( = 1,57%), - , =11,49% 20

5: 1988-2005 (%)

5. , , - . - , , . , -. , , , . , .

Abramovitz, M. (1962), Economic Growth in the United States, American Economic Re-

view, vol. 52.Alexander, J. and McNicoIl, I. (1992), Trade in the Scottish Manufacturing Sector, Scottish

Economic Bulletin No 46.Becker, G. S., (1964), Human Capital, Columbia University Press, New York.-, A., , M. . , . (2005), -

: , E .... ( ).

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

11 14 15 16 19 20 21 22

74 . - , .

Belegri-Roboli A., Michaelides P., Markaki M. (2006), Investigating Labour Cost and Employ-ment Multipliers in Greece, Spoudai, vol. 56, no 1.

Colechia, A. and Papacostantinou, G., (1996), The Evolution of Skills in OECD Countries and the Role of Technology, STI Working Papers, 1996/8, OECD, Paris.

Dietzenbacher, E. and Los, B., (2000), Structural Decomposition Analyses with Dependent Determinants, Economic Systems Research, vol. 12(4).

European Commission (2005), U Sectoral Competitiveness Iindicators, Office of Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.

, . (1985), E, , .Ghosh, A. (1958), Input-Output Approach in an Allocation System, Economica, vol. 25,

pp. 58-64.Gibb, K. and Keoghan, M. (1998), Backward linkages from Construction. Exploring the

Economic Development Potential of Scottish Building Supplies, Local Economy, Vol-ume 13, Issue 3.

, .., (1997), K , , .

Hirchman, A., (1958), The Strategy of Economic Development, Yale University Press, Yale., ., (1999), , :

, , (). Leontief, W. (1986), Input-Output Economics, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Lucas, R., (1988), On the Mechanics of Economic Development, Journal of Monetary

Economics, vol. 22(1).McNicoll, . and Marsh, R., (2000), The Industrial Demand for Skilled Labour: A Comparison

of Scotland and the Rest of the UK, Quarterly Economic Commentary, vol. 25, No. 2.OECD, (1999), Politiques Structurelles Recherche et Innovation, Etudes Economiques

de l OECD, Paris. Rasmussen P., (1956), Studies in Inter-Sectoral Relations, North-Holland, Amsterdam.Romer, P. M., (1986), Increasing Returns and Long-run Growth, Journal of Political Econ-

omy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 94(5), pages 1002-37.Schultz, W.T., (1972), , , .Solow, R., (1956), A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth, Quarterly Journal

of Economics, vol.70.Solow, R., (1957), Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function, Review of

Economics and Statistics, vol.39., . (2003), ,

, .Ursula, K., Richard, M. and McNicoll, I., (2002) The Impact of Higher Education Institutions

on the UK Economy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, U.K.Valadkhani, A., (2003), Using Input-Output Analysis to Identify Australians High Employ-

ment Generating Industries, Australian Bulletin of Labour, vol. 29(3), pp. 177-213.Zerman, M., (1955), A Quantitative Analysis of White-Nonwhite Income Differentials in the

US Unpublished Dissertation, University of Chicago, Chicago., ., (1999), , , .

75 I : &

1:

1 , ,

2

3

4

5 , ,

6

7

8 -

9

10

11

12

13

14

15 ,

16

17 , ,

18

19 , ,

20

21 , /

22 ,

23 ,

24

25 , ,

76 . - , .

2:

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

1 68 0 70 144 219 57 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 136 138 140 216 219 177 125 0 75 0 89 94 366 100 0 117 120 106

4 68 0 70 72 219 216 75 150 102 337 0 746 198 441 371 343 457 185

5 748 901 352 431 292 346 648 113 622 377 388 453 288 514 0 329 865 1060

6 612 138 352 215 73 202 443 520 283 146 270 0 0 0 679 885 0 374

7 204 208 211 144 0 72 0 0 0 0 0 0 277 133 318 0 0 126

8 0 0 70 0 0 113 74 160 263 463 159 510 99 0 167 178 203 0

9 612 693 352 574 146 288 74 299 449 302 317 331 174 319 661 304 1305 688

10 1633 1178 422 718 878 572 602 911 1376 388 829 794 462 572 446 255 542 698

11 340 208 423 215 146 214 292 222 221 286 395 499 213 272 137 340 476 609

12 136 69 282 144 439 360 280 283 268 60 0 0 734 476 480 624 119 668

13 816 901 634 647 366 0 333 75 434 60 252 0 0 386 404 596 124 813

14 2246 1454 1972 1723 1901 1825 1262 1923 1818 1533 2194 3288 2642 1964 2037 2916 3674 1910

15 1769 1662 1338 1580 1243 1875 1886 2242 1680 1882 1508 2029 1356 1116 1529 2163 1529 1465

16 2177 2494 2465 1580 2194 884 1771 1773 1073 1141 967 1883 2705 2613 3558 4202 2260 1562

17 136 485 493 430 438 504 738 1045 1461 679 1212 965 900 999 931 272 358 371

18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 2722 1871 1901 1436 1389 1424 1989 1581 2003 2538 3486 3096 2101 2083 3353 3757 2867 4303

20 136 415 352 215 293 432 443 672 524 260 1104 1249 348 643 862 388 893 1244

21 15309 16417 19791 21472 23625 27674 27065 27231 29719 31345 34751 34500 38233 37971 35820 36399 40043 47385

22 8505 7066 6620 5170 5851 7631 7126 7141 7263 6618 6161 7053 8966 7810 9054 10645 9318 10517

23 1088 762 1268 431 730 543 915 248 338 575 99 200 163 157 280 1051 409 208

24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 171 174 0 0 0 0 72

25 340 277 423 216 292 72 148 75 75 75 159 0 221 272 157 0 559 94

: , 1988-2005.

3:

(2005) (1988-2005)

11 41,5% -6,57

14 11,6% -1,57

15 , 22,2% 7,71

16 37,4% 0,05

19 , , 31,5% 4,79

20 50,3% 9,33

21 , / 2.1% 8,67

22 , - 0,8% 11,49


. .

B M M

, , , 19 . , , , , , , . 7 . .. 19 . . - , , , , , , , . , Ilarion Roux et Cie (1865-1873), ( , 1873-1917) Compagnie Franaise des Mines du Laurion ( , 1875-1981), - [1]. , - , 1837 (31/12/1836), [2]. , , 19 ., 1878 , - 1917 [3] - 1946.[4]

. , - . . , , 35 (1865-1900) . . (1818-1889) . (1836-1909) . (1846-1928).

[1] . .. , , 1860-1917, , ( Louvain-La-Neuve , 1994-1999), - (.. ), , 2003.[2] . , - 20 , 1837-1997, , , 1997, . 12-19.[3] . , - . , . ., . 115-116.[4] . , , . ., . 115.

. . . Louvain-la-Neuve

78 . .

. [5] , 1840, Freiberg . , , - , 1844, o . -. . 1865 , 1870 .

. , 1852-1855, Zittau Freiberg cole des Mines . , homo industriae, - , , , , . - Ilarion Roux et Cie, I. Roux, J.B. Serpieri . 1873 J.B. Serpieri, . I. Roux, .

. - , , . (22/5/1861) , . [6] . : ... ... [7]. , . 19 . 1868 - 1869 , - , , . 1887-1894 , 22,5 [8].

, . , , , cole Polytechnique, cole des Mines (), - , 1875 1886 1894 1898, , , 16 , - , , , . (1872-1874). - , .

[5] . . , , , 1958, , . , . 306-313.[6] . , , , 1865, . 8.[7] . , ..., . ., . 9.[8] . , 1958, . ., . . . 44-66.


1895-1899, , , 1901, , , 5 1896, - 2.500 , , , . , , , . . E, ...[9].

, Ilarion Roux et Cie, , , . , , .

: , . , 1881, .. [ ] [10]. , . . , , , , - - .. [ . -] , -[11]. .

, . cole des Mines . , - . Freiberg , cole des Mines -. . , . , . , . , , . , .. , . , .. , . , .. , . , . , . , .. , . , . , . , . , . .

, . (1912-1989) o , 1937-

[9] . . . , , , , 1928 . 67-84 . , . , . 3-14, 7/1964-6/1965.[10] , (12/3/1882) , , 1882, . 2.[11] . . , , . ., . 74.

80 . .

1955[12]. , , . , , 1935-1967[13]. , - , , , . , -, . . , . , . , . - 1977 1981 -, . , . , . [14].

, , - , , , . - , . : [ ]... , ... , , .[15], . . : [ ]... , , .[16].

- . , , , , , , . . . , . , .

[12] . , . , , 1976, . . , , , 1980, , - . , , , 1998, . 21-32.[13] . .[14] .. . 15.[15] . , , , . 3, , 7/1906, . 1. [16] . . , , . ., . 71. . .. , , , , , . - ( , ) .


. , 1898 1909 - -, 1909 1919 . , . 1923.

, - .

. Ilarion Roux et Cie, 1878-1882, . , 1884-1888, . , 1888, . , 1889-1923, 34 , .. , , 1917-1945, 28 , . , 1963-1974, 1973-74 . , . , . , . , - , 1863-1906 . Freiberg , , Castliliano , , - , 1878-1910[17] . , , , - 1911[18] , 1917, [19].

, , .

, - , -.

. - 1941-42, , , , (. , . -, . M. Bremer) - , . , - - , , , , , , , , . , . , . , 1994

[17] . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , . , , . .. , , , 1957, . 547-561.[18] . . , - 1910, , , 1911.[19] . , , .. , . , , 1933, 1936 ().

82 . .

, , . , . , , . , -, , .

- : 19 , 1990 , - (), 1977 1981 - , , , , -, , , , - , , , , , - . [20], , , , , . [21], , , , , , - . , . - , , - , , , .

-- , , , , - , -- ,

, , , , -, , - - - , , , .

[20] . , , . 9/1990, - , . 1, 1/1992, . 84-93, , (1977-1994) , . ., . 81-88, , , . , . , , 1998, . 247-249.[21] , (. , , . , ), - , 1994-1997, . . , , 1997.


, , ,

, , , : . . 20 1924 , 8 , 8 48 - . 60 - 1865- , , - , , 170 , 1990 , , , .

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87 I V :

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) (1847-1854)/HansenE (1858-1886)/.Hansen

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, , , , , , .

, 110 , 1898, - , , ( .. 25 , ) - !

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91 I V :

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1877 1879 , . 1878 .

1882 1894 . .

93 I V :

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(1918) 1925, .

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, .

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1898 . 1904 1918, , . 1910-1920 1923-1927, , . 1914 , , , - , ( 100 ).

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(1854-1922) , . .

, (1879-1887). . 1889 ( 1914 - ).

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6 15/28.11.1922 - 1922 , 1930.

95 I V :

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, 1898 . - .

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, ( .), , - - 11.03.1898 .

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97 I V :

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100 E M M A N O Y H .

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2. homson-Houston ( 1905). :1. 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. 6. 7. 8. 10. 11. 12. 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. .

3. (6 1906). :1. . 2. A. 3. 4. . 5 . 6. . 7. . 8. . 15. . 12.

1

2

101 I V :

4. (29 1907). :1. 2. 3. .5. . 6. .7. .8. .9. .10. 11. .12. .13. .15. . 18. . 19. .20. 21. .22. .

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3

4

5

102 E M M A N O Y H .

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1898-1900

1900-1902

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1981-19871987-1994

1994-1998

1998-20002000-

103 I V :

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42 (.. )106 82

104 E M M A N O Y H .

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105 I V :

,

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[1] , . 13.559 28 1828 Aug. Theodore Garnot, - Maison 1830, , , . , . . , [2] Garnot , , . ( ). 1833 ( ) - .

-[3], 1830, . 1838 - , 1842. , [4] , , , .., .

, , . . , (1818-1827). 1831 , - . , ,

[1] . , , , 1988, . 8, . 4, . 63-89.[2] . , , , 1981-82, . 109-122.[3] , . , . . , , , . Libro, 1997.[4] , , 1929, . 159-162.

, Sc

1. , , 1855-56 (: , 1828-1938, 1938, . 59).

2. , .

1

2

106 ,

1860 . [5], F. Boulanger[6], P. Daniel.

, [7] , , .

[8] - 1830, 1839 , (1806-1882)[9] , , 1832 . 1855 . . .

[5] . , 1815-1875, , . 113, 2008, . 17-24.[6] F. Boulanger, Ampelakia ou les associations et les Municipalites Helleniques, Paris 1875, , . 33, . VII-XXIII.[7] . , , ..[8] 1839, . . 4.[9] . , , 22-4-1882, . 7.

3

4

107 I V :

, , , [10] Eduard Schaubert , / 1685/15-6-1830 . .

, , - , , - Schaubert , . , ,

[10] . , 1802-1862, - , 2001.

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5. () , 1831 (: , , , . 262).

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108 ,

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, 13 1831, , [11].

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109 I V :

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, - , -.

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9. , , . , , 1848 (: / , , .4).

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, .

, . / 1/13 1833 ( 31). 2 , , - , , , , , . , - .

. / 24 - /6 1833 ( 17). 11 , , , , , . , , . - . / 3/15 1833 ( 14). - .

, , , - , , [13].

- Anton Chech Fr. Baker, .

[13] . , . 286, 1835.

10

111 I V :

M. Spich, Ad. Treser, Ed. Luft, J. Lamey Fr. Muller ( 1-13/8/1833 27/9/1833), Ed. Schaubert - D. Guebhard.

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NTUA 170years Volume B