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Nukleové kyseliny

Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

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Page 1: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Nukleové kyseliny

Page 2: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

1953: 1953: JamesJames WatsonWatson, , FrancisFrancis CrickCrick, , RosalindRosalind FranklinFranklin, , MauriceMaurice WilkinsWilkins: : dvoušroubovicedvoušroubovice DNADNA

1962: Nobelova cena (JW, FC, MW)1962: Nobelova cena (JW, FC, MW)

vysvětlení základních principů uchování, předávání a vysvětlení základních principů uchování, předávání a exprese dědičné informaceexprese dědičné informace

http://www.ba-education.demon.co.uk/for/science/dnaphotos/dnamodel.html

Page 3: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 4: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 5: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 6: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 7: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 8: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 9: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

ATP

Page 10: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

archaeosine

pseudouridin

R

Page 11: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 12: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Watsonovy-Crickovy páry bazí

(kanonické)

kolísavé (wobble)

párování - příklady

Page 13: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 14: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 15: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 16: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Víceřetězcové struktury DNA

• triplexy

• kvadruplexy

Page 17: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Hoogsteenovo párování (triády bazí)

Page 18: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Triplex DNA

(homopurine·homopyrimidine stretch with mirror symmetry)

e.g. TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT

(intermolecular triplex)

Page 19: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Guaninová tetráda Tetraplex (kvadruplex)

Page 20: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Struktura RNA

• tRNA, rRNA, mRNA… snRNA, siRNA, RNA…

• transferové a ribozomální RNA: složité terciární (prostorové) struktury

• klíčové funkce (později)

Page 21: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 22: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

-nekanonické párování

-nejen mezi bázemi

-stabilizuje terciární

strukturu

Page 23: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 24: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Organizace DNA

a chromatinu v

buněčném jádře

Page 25: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Opakování základních pojmů

Page 26: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 27: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

Page 28: Nukleové kyseliny · Sugar puckering 13 -D - ribofuranose HOCH2 OH (3 - 0-2- deoxyribofuranose N Pyrimidine Purine Figure 33-1. Purine and pyrimidine. The atoms are numbered according

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