Nutritional Divercity

8/4/2019 Nutritional Divercity

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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION

SOURCES OF NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS:-

SOURCE OF ELECTRON

SOURCE OF CARBON

SOURCE OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHOROUS,

SULPHUR AND OXYGEN

TRACE ELEENTS

VITAMINS

WATERCLASSIFICATION ON THE BASIS OF NUTRITIONAL

REQUIREMENT

SUMMARY

REFERENCES


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::- INTRODUCTION -::

Prokaryotes as well as other forms of

life need nutrients

1) To grow & reproduce

2) To generate energy for the

Biosynthesis of cell constituents. Transport of nutrients Cell movement.


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What is Prokaryotes?

Pro

Primitive Types

Pro

Primitive Types

Organism which have primitive type of

Nucleus is known as PROKARYOTES.Prokaryotes lack of Nuclear membrane .

All type of nuclear material is free floating in

cytoplasm.

Karyotes

Nucleus


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Nutritional Requirements inProkaryotes can be fulfilled by

following chemical compounds

Source of electron

Source of carbon Source of Nitrogen, Phosphorous,

Sulfur and oxygen

Trace elements

Source of vitamins

Source of water


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Classification Based on EnergySource

Prokaryotes

Phototrophse.g. Lower Algae & three

Small groups of bacteriaGramve, flagellated,strict Anaerobes

Chemotrophs

e.g. E. coli,P. pseudoflava


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Classification Based on CarbonSource

Prokaryotes

Autotrophs

e.g. Lower Algae & fewspecies of bacteria

Heterotrophse.g E.coli


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Classification Based on Carbon &Energy Source

Prokaryotes

Autotrophs Heterotrophs

Photoautotrophsor

PhotolithotrophsE.g. LowerAlgae and

certain bacteria

Chemoautotrophsor

Chemolithotrophse.g. Nitrosomonas

Photohetrotrophsor

Photoorganotrophse.g. R.rubrum

Chemohetrotrophsor

Chemoorganotrophs

e.g. E.coli


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Classification Based on theSources ofElectron donor

Prokaryotes

Lithotrophs

They utilize reducedInorganiccompound

Organotrophs

They utilize reducedOrganiccompound


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Sources of Nitrogen

Phosphorous,Sulphur and Oxygen

NitrogenAtmospheric N2, Inorganic N2 compounds such as NO2, No3 or ommonium salts

& some reduce Nitrate ---- Ammonia Needed for synthesis of Amino Acids, purines, Pyrimidines etc

Phosphorous

Inorganic phosphate as phosphorous source As supplied in form of PO4 essential component of N.A., phospholipids etc. Low phosphate level actually limit microbial growth in aquatic environment.

SulfurRequired in organic form as it is structural component of A.A. (eg. Cystine,

methionine) & vitamins Beside this some use inorganic sulfur while some use essential sulfur. Whilesome se essential sulfur.

OxygenIt is obtained from H2O from component atoms of various nutrients or

molecular O2.

Some bacteria are aerobes and some are anaerobes.


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Trace ElementsAlso known as MICRONUTRIENTS

e.g. K+, Ca+2, Mg+2,Fe+2, Zn+2,Mo+2,Co+2,Cl-

NAME SYMBOL SIGNIFICANCEPotassium K+ Require for enzyme & protein

Calcium Ca+2 Require to stabilize cell wall

Magnesium Mg+2 Require for co-factor for many enzymes

Zinc Zn+2 Present of the active site of someenzyme

Iron Fe+2 Key component of e-carrier proteins inETC.

Molybdenum Mo+2 Require for N2 fixation

Copper Cu+2 Component of plastocyanine

Chlorine Cl- Helps in Photolysis of H2O

Cobalt Co+2

Component of Vit. B12

VITAMINS


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::- VITAMINS - :: Generally vitamins are synthesized fromother compounds, a few others will not grow

without the supply of required vitaminsVitamins Species exhibiting requirements

Thiamine(B1) Bailluls anthracis

Ribo flavin Clostridium tetaniNiacin Brucella abortus

Pyridoxine (B4) Lactobacillus spp.

Biotin Leuconostoc mesenteroides

Pathothenic Acid Horganellsmorganil

Folie Acid Leuconostoc dextranicum

Cobalamine (B12) Lactobacillus spp

Vitamin K Bacteroidesmelaminogenicus


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WATER

Mostly all of the prokaryotes need waterfor their growth. Water is needed much

for the prokaryotes for all nutrients be inaqueous solution before they can enterthe cells.


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SUMMARY

Thus seeing the above versatility in

nutrition one can say that thisversatility will lead to diversity inprokaryotes.


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REFERANCE

Mani. A. Selvaraj M.A. , Narayanan M.L.,Arumugam N; Microbiology (General &Aplied); Saras Publication; 215 225

Powar C.B, Daginawala F.H; GeneralMicrobiology; Volume II; 421 431

Prescott,Harley Klein;Microbiology; 95-100

Schlegel G.H;General Microbiology;seventh edition;193-196


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Nutritional Divercity