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2 Oberlin College Elementary Korean I 3 Chapter 0

Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

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Page 1: Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

2

Oberlin College Elementary Korean I

3

Chapter 0

Page 2: Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

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Oberlin College Elementary Korean I

5

Chapter

ㅏ ㅓ ㅗ ㅜ ㅡ ㅣ ㅐ ㅔ a ʌ,ə o u ɯ i ɛ e

SIMPLE COMPOUND

Approximate place where vowel is articulated.

ㅜ & ㅗ are pronounced with lips rounded.

ㅔ & ㅐ are pronounced alomost indistinguishably today.

Write the vowels the teacher reads out.

모음 (vowel) - 1

힌트

해봐요

ㅑ ㅕ ㅛ ㅠ ㅒ ㅖ

ㅘ ㅙ ㅚ ㅝ ㅞ ㅟ ㅢ

ya yə yo yu yɛ ye

wa wɛ we wə we wi ui

WITH SEMIVOWEL ‘Y’

SIMPLE VOWEL + SIMPLE VOWEL → ‘W’

ㅗㅓ ㅗㅔ ㅜㅏ ㅜㅐThese combinations are not allowed because ‘bright vowels’ (ㅏ, ㅗ) cannot be combined with a ‘dark vowel’ (ㅓ, ㅜ) within a syllable.

Each letter must contain at least one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’.

fox

야유 왜 요요 예와우

에워 여우 의외jeer

to surround

(싸다)

why

unexpected

(다)

yo-yo

yes

wow

above/over

Circle the words the teacher reads out.

모음 (vowel) - 2

힌트

해봐요

힌트

0

다섯

Page 3: Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

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Oberlin College Elementary Korean I

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Chapter

NASAL(NOSE)

PLOSIVE

FRICATIVE(HISS)

LIQUID(TRA-LA-LA)

ㄱ ㄴ ㄷ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅅ

ㅇ ㅈ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ

k~g n t~d l~r m p~b s~ɕ

silent, ŋ tɕ~dɕ tɕh kh th ph h

ㄲtense

ㄸtense

ㅃtense

ㅆtense

ㅉtense

PLAIN

ASPIRATED (~h)

TENSE

PLACE OF ARTICULATION

METH

OD

OF A

RTI

CU

LATI

ON

자음 (consonant)

힌트

기역 니은 디귿 리을 미음 비읍 시옷

이응 지읒 치읓 키읔 티읕 피읖 히읗

Above are the names of each consonant - which begins and ends with the sound in question. For some, the endging sound is different.

Fill in the consonants as the teacher reads out.

ㅔㅜ ㅟ ㅗ

ㅏㅗ

ㅓ ㅏㅇ

ㅏㅝ

ㅣㅜ ㅠ

해봐요

힌트

해봐요

0

일곱

여섯

Page 4: Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

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Oberlin College Elementary Korean I

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Chapter

These are called ‘받침’ (final consonant) and always go to the bottom.

ㅎ,ㅏ,ㄴ →

ㅅ,ㅛ →

ㄷ,ㅏ,ㄹ,ㄱ →

ㄱ,ㅗ,ㅁ →

ㅍ,ㅏ →

ㅃ,ㅛ,ㅇ →

ㅇ,ㅙ →

ㄴ,ㅓ →

ㅇ,ㅔ,ㅇ →

ㅅ,ㅟ,ㅅ

조합하기 (syllable block building)

해봐요

1. Resyllabification “linking” When 받침 is followed without pause by ㅇ (vowel), the consonant is carried over. ex. 앞을 [아플] 꽃이 [꼬치] 볶아 [보까]

2. Syllable-final closure “unrelease” When 받침 is at the end of the word, or is followed by consonants, the consonant is pronounced without releasing air. ㅂ, ㅍ → [ㅂ] ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ → [ㄷ] ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ → [ㄱ] ex. 앞 [압] 꽃 [꼳] 볶 [복]

3. Nasal assimilation When 받침 is followed by a nasal consonant (ㅁ, ㄴ), the consonant may be pronounced differently. ㅂ, ㅍ → [ㅁ] ㄷ, ㅌ, ㅅ, ㅆ, ㅈ, ㅊ, ㅎ → [ㄴ] ㄱ, ㅋ, ㄲ → [ㅇ] ex. 앞만 [암만] 꽃물 [꼰물] 볶니 [봉니]

4. ㄴ to ㄹ assimilation When ㄹ and ㄴ come together, the ㄴ sound is replaced by ㄹ. When ㄹ is followed by ㅇ in some compound words, another ㄹ is inserted between them. ex. 진리 [질리] 달님 [달림] 서울역 [서울력]

5. Tensification When 받침 ㅂ, ㄷ, ㅈ, ㄱ, ㅅ is followed by ㅂ, ㄷ, ㅈ, ㄱ, ㅅ, the sound is reinforced to become a corresponding tense consonant. ex. 학교 [학꾜] 숙제 [숙쩨] 책상 [책쌍]

6. Aspiration and ㅎ weakening When ㅎ is followed or preceded by ㅂ, ㄷ, ㅈ, ㄱ, it merges with the consonant to produce the correponding aspirate consonant. ex. 많다 [만타] 좋고 [좋코] 꽃하고 [꼬타고]

7. Double consonant reduction If there are two consonants at the 받침, one of them becomes silent at the end of a word or before a consonant. 여덟 [여덜] 없다 [업따] 괜찮습니다 [괜찬씀니다]

8. Palatalization When ㄷ, ㅌ 받침 is followed by vowel/semivowel, the consonants are pronounced as ㅈ, ㅊ. 붙여요 [부쳐요] 같이 [가치] 해돋이 [해도지]

9. Place assimilation In casual speech, ㄷ is optionally produced ㅂ before ㅂ or ㅃ and as ㄱ before ㄱ or ㄲ. ex. 꽃병 [꽃뼝] 갔고 [갓꼬]

발음 규칙 (pronunciation rules)

0

아홉

여덟

Page 5: Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

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Oberlin College Elementary Korean I

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Chapter

For Mac users:

1. Do you see the little American flag/country flag way up to the right? If yes, click on it!* If NOT, find the apple icon at the top left corner, and open “System Preferences” click “International” select “Input Menu” check “Show input menu in menu bar”

2. When you click on the flag, do you see “2-Set Korean” with a Korean flag symbol? If yes, click on it! * If NOT, on the bottom, you will see, “Open International” - click on this click on “Hangul” (we’ll be using 2-set Korean)

3. Now you can type in Korean! Click on the flag again and select “Show keyboard viewer” to see the layout of the Korean keyboard. You can make it larger by clicking the green dot on the top left corner.

For PC users:

1. Somewhere on or near the task bar, you should see a little icon that says “EN”. Click on it, and then hit “Show the language bar”2. On the right bottom corner of the language bar, there is a little triangle. Click on it, and go to “Settings”3. Click on “Add” and find Korean. Expand it and check “Microsoft IME”4. Now you can write in Korean! Use the language bar to toggle back between languages. To see the layout of the Korean keyboard, go to the Start Menu - All Programs - Accesso-ries - Ease of Access - On-Screen Keyboard.

한걸음 더 How to type in Korean

0

십일

열하나

Page 6: Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

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Oberlin College Elementary Korean I

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Chapter

안녕하세요

안녕히 계세요

안녕히 가세요

안녕히 주무세요

감사합니다 (고맙습니다/고마워요)

죄송합니다 (미안합니다/미안해요)

실례합니다

괜찮습니다 (괜찮아요)

처음뵙겠습니다

만나서 반갑습니다 (반가워요)

잘 부탁드립니다

다 같이 따라하세요

한번 더 / 다시

천천히 말씀해주세요

잠시만요

모르겠어요

질문 있어요

Hello (lit. Are you in peace?)

Good-bye (to peson staying, lit. Stay in peace)

Good-bye (to person leaving lit. Go back in peace)

Good night (lit. Sleep in peace)

Thank you

Sorry

Excuse me

It’s okay

Nice to meet you (lit. It’s first tme seeing you)

Nice to meet you

Nice to meet you (lit. Please consider me well)

Everyone (together) repeat

Once more / again

Please speak slowly

Wait

I don’t now, I don’t understand

I have a question

일상 표현들common expressions

하나 둘 셋 넷 다섯 여섯 일곱 여덟 아홉 열

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

열하나 열둘 열셋 열넷 열다섯 열여섯 열일곱 열여덟 열아홉 스물

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

일 이 삼 사 오 육 칠 팔 구 십

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

(영/공)

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

십일 십이 십삼 십사 십오 십육 십칠 십팔 십구 이십

숫자-1sino-Korean numbers

숫자-2pure Korean numbers

요일days of the week

월요일 화요일 수요일 목요일 금요일 토요일 일요일

0

십삼

열셋

십이

열둘

Page 7: Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

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Oberlin College Elementary Korean I

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Chapter 1

십오

열다섯

십사

열넷

Page 8: Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

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Oberlin College Elementary Korean I

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Chapter

의사

선생님

학생

가수

운동 선수

회사원

백수

직업occupation

나라countries

중국

한국

일본

미국 영국 독일 인도

오스트레일리아 (호주) 프랑스 이탈리아

러시아 헝가리 네팔 아프가니스탄

모로코 케냐 뉴질랜드 캐나다

브라질 콜롬비아 멕시코

대만

(북한)

(남한)

1

십칠

열일곱

십육

열여섯

Page 9: Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

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Oberlin College Elementary Korean I

보기

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Chapter

보기

저는 [ ]이에요/예요.

저는 김연아예요.저는 박지성이에요.

이름

How would you write your name in Hangul?There is no right/wrong answer, it’s your name.

Note: Korean names are written last name - first name, whereas English names are usually written first name - last name. ex. 김연아 (Yuna Kim) 버락 오바마 (Barack Obama)

이에요 vs. 예요

해봐요

김영미이에요/예요.지승윤이에요/예요.마이클이에요/예요.애나이에요/예요.박지성이에요/예요.

Circle either “이에요” or “예요” - read each case out loudly and go for the one you think sounds more natural. Can you see the pattern?

힌트 받침!

해봐요

저는 [ ]학년이에요.

저는 일학년이에요.저는 삼학년이에요.

숫자 (일, 이, 삼, 사, 오..)

일학년 이학년 삼학년사학년 오학년

해봐요 (샐리) · · 2학년이에요.

(제임스) · · 1학년이에요.

(예슬) · · 4학년이에요.

(진영) · · 3학년이에요.

저는....

Note:초등학교 - 중학교 - 고등학교 - 대학교

elementary school - middle school - high school - college/university

1

십구

열아홉

십팔

열여덟

Page 10: Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

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Oberlin College Elementary Korean I

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Chapter

보기

[ ]학년이에요? - 네, [ ]학년이에요. - 아니요, [ ]학년이 아니에요.

사학년이에요?네, 사학년이에요. / 아니요, 사학년이 아니에요.

~이에요/예요?

일학년이에요. → 일학년이에요?김연아예요. → 김연아예요?

~(이/가) 아니에요.

일학년이에요. → 일학년(이) 아니에요.김연아예요. → 김연아(가) 아니에요.

Note: What is your name? = 이름이 뭐예요? or 성함이 어떻게 되세요? The latter is more polite and used for seniors.

해봐요

샐리는 사학년이에요?

예슬은 이학년이에요?

[ ]은/는 [ ]살이에요.

저는 열여덟 살이에요.스티브 윌슨은 스물두 살이에요.

숫자 (하나, 둘, 셋, 넷, 다섯...)

은 vs. 는

은미은/는 사학년이에요.크리스틴은/는 열여섯 살이에요.잭은/는 스물한 살이에요.철수은/는 열여섯 살이에요.

Circle either “은” or “는” - read each case out loudly and go for the one you think sounds more natural. Can you see the pattern?

힌트 받침!

저, 이름

해봐요

1

한 살

5

다섯 살

16

열여섯 살

21

스물한 살

30

서른 살

100

백 살

Note: 하나 둘 셋 넷 ... 스물 한 살 두 살 세 살 네 살 ... 스무 살

1

이십일

스물하나

이십

스물

Page 11: Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

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Oberlin College Elementary Korean I

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Chapter

보기

(저는) [ ]이에요/예요.

학생이에요.의사예요.

omission

저는 박지성이에요. 저는 축구 선수예요. 저는 스무 살이에요.

직업

The subject can often be omitted.

해봐요

이름:

나이:

직업:

국적:

학생증 (ID)

Note: 이름 (name) 나이(age) 직업 (occupation) 국적 (nationailty)

저도 [ ] 사람이에요.

저도 한국 사람이에요.저도 미국 사람이에요.

나라

보라는 일학년이에요. 저도 일학년이에요.

도 is used in place of 은/는 to emphasize similarity.

한걸음 더 한국어 영어 일본어 프랑스어 안녕 hello おはよう bonjour

해봐요

브라이언은 미국 사람이에요. 알리슨____ 미국 사람이에요.

저는 스무 살이에요. 해리____ 스물 두 살이에요.

은규는__________________. 스테파니도__________________.

Note: 은/는 can be used to empahsize difference.

1

이십삼

스물셋

이십이

스물둘

Page 12: Oberlin College Elementary Korean I Chapter 0 · one consonant & vowel, hence the placeholder consonant ‘ㅇ’. fox 야유 왜 요요 예 와우 위 에워 여우 의외 jeer to

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Oberlin College Elementary Korean I

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Chapter

( A )는 ( B )이에요.

topic particle comment copula

* a topic is what is being talked about in the sentence.

* a particle (or a postposition) is attached to the word before it without a space, and specifies what significance that word has in the sentence.

는(or 은 after consonant) is a topic particle. It tells us that the word that it is attached to is the topic of the sentence. In other words, because ‘는 is there, we know that ‘A’ is the topic. Particles are often not translated in English.

도 is a particle that tells us that the word before it has similarities to something previously mentioned (It’s like ‘also’ or ‘too’ in English). For example, if someone says ‘저는 이학년이에요,’ and you are also a second-year, you can say ‘저도 이학년이에요.”

* 이에요/예요 (이다, ‘to be’), a copula, is a special form of a particle and is conjugated like adjectives and verbs.

Why do we need particles?? Consider these two sentences:

Dog bites man.

Man bites dog.

We know which one is the “biter”(subject) and which is the “bitee”(object) from the word order. This is why English is order-sensitive.

This is not the case for all languages. For example, in Latin, the noun is conjugated according to its role. And in Korean, the particle tells us what the role of the noun is.

개가 사람을 물어요. = 사람을 개가 물어요.

사람이 개를 물어요. = 개를 사람이 물어요.

Here, 개 is a dog, and 사람 (as you know) is a person. 물어요 is the verb “to bite.” Regardless of the order of the words, if there is 가/이 (which are subject particles) attached to a noun, we know that it’s the subject. If there is 을/를 (object particles), we know it’s the object. In correct Korean grammar, A NOUN CANNOT STAND ALONE WITHOUT A PARTICLE!! (Although they can be omitted, especially in conversational/casual sentences.)

topic-comment structure

particles

명사 - 직업선생님학생의사가수운동 선수회사원백수

명사 - 나라한국남한, 북한중국, 대만)일본미국영국독일인도오스트레일리아 (호주)

프랑스이탈리아러시아헝가리네팔아프가니스탄모로코케냐뉴질랜드캐나다브라질콜롬비아멕시코

noun - occupation

teacher

student

doctor

singer

athlete

businessman

(slang) unemployed

noun - country

Korea

S. Korea, N. Korea

China, Taiwan

Japan

USA

UK

Germany

India

Australia

France

Italy

Russia

Hungary

Nepal

Afghanistan

Morocco

Kenya

New Zealand

Canada

Brazil

Colombia

Mexico

명사 - 기타초등학교중학교고등학교대학교사람~어영어이름나이직업국적

대명사저

수사학년살

조사은/는도

기타이에요/예요 [이다]아니에요 [아니다]네/예아니요

noun - other

elementary school

middle school

hight school

college/univerity

person (-nationailty)

(-language)

English

name

age

occupation

nationality

pronoun

I (humble)

counter

year (in school)

age/~ years old

particle

topic particle

‘too’ ‘as well’

other

to be

to not be

yes

no

1

이십오

스물다섯

이십사

스물넷