手册页第 1部分：用户命令 - docs.oracle.com · 手册页第1部分：用户命令文件号码e29113 2011年11月

手册页第1部分：用户命令

文件号码 E291132011年 11月

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120413@25097

目录

前言 ........................................................................................................................................................17

简介 ........................................................................................................................................................21Intro(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 22

用户命令 ...............................................................................................................................................27acctcom(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 28adb(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 31addbib(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 32alias(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 34allocate(1) ......................................................................................................................................... 38amt(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 40appcert(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 41apptrace(1) ......................................................................................................................................... 48apropos(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 52ar(1) ...................................................................................................................................................... 54arch(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 58as(1) ...................................................................................................................................................... 59asa(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 64at(1) ...................................................................................................................................................... 66atq(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 73atrm(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 74audioconvert(1) ................................................................................................................................. 75audioctl(1) ......................................................................................................................................... 79audioplay(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 81audiorecord(1) ................................................................................................................................... 83audiotest(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 85

3

auths(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 86auto_ef(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 88awk(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 91banner(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 97basename(1) ......................................................................................................................................... 98basename(1B) ..................................................................................................................................... 100bc(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 101bdiff(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 105bfs(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 106biff(1B) ............................................................................................................................................. 110break(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 111builtin(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 113cal(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 115calendar(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 116cat(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 118cd(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 121cdrw(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 125checknr(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 131chgrp(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 133chkey(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 136chmod(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 138chown(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 161chown(1B) ........................................................................................................................................... 164ckdate(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 165ckgid(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 168ckint(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 170ckitem(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 172ckkeywd(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 175ckpath(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 177ckrange(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 180ckstr(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 183cksum(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 186cktime(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 188ckuid(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 190ckyorn(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 192clear(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 194

目录

手册页第 1部分：用户命令 • 2011年 11月4

cmp(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 195col(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 197comm(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 199command(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 201compress(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 205cp(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 209cpio(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 214cpp(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 222cputrack(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 228crle(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 233crontab(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 244csh(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 250csplit(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 277ct(1C) ................................................................................................................................................. 280ctags(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 282ctrun(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 285ctstat(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 288ctwatch(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 292cu(1C) ................................................................................................................................................. 294cut(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 301date(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 303dc(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 307deallocate(1) ................................................................................................................................... 310deroff(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 312df(1B) .................................................................................................................................................. 313dhcpinfo(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 315diff(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 318diff3(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 322diffmk(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 324digest(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 325dircmp(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 327dis(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 328disown(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 330dispgid(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 331dispuid(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 332dos2unix(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 333

目录

5

dpost(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 335du(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 338du(1B) .................................................................................................................................................. 341dump(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 343dumpcs(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 346echo(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 347echo(1B) ............................................................................................................................................. 350ed(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 351edit(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 365egrep(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 370eject(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 373elfdump(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 375elfedit(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 381elffile(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 391elfsign(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 394elfwrap(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 399encrypt(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 402enhance(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 406env(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 407eqn(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 409error(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 413ex(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 416exec(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 427exit(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 430expand(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 433exportfs(1B) ..................................................................................................................................... 435expr(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 436expr(1B) ............................................................................................................................................. 440exstr(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 443factor(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 447fastboot(1B) ..................................................................................................................................... 448fgrep(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 449file(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 452file(1B) ............................................................................................................................................. 455filebench(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 457filesync(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 459

目录


find(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 465finger(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 473fmt(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 476fmtmsg(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 477fold(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 481from(1B) ............................................................................................................................................. 483ftp(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 484gcore(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 499gencat(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 501geniconvtbl(1) ................................................................................................................................. 504genmsg(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 507getconf(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 513getfacl(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 520getlabel(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 524getopt(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 525getoptcvt(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 527getopts(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 530gettext(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 539gettxt(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 541getzonepath(1) ................................................................................................................................. 543glob(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 544gprof(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 545grep(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 550groups(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 555groups(1B) ......................................................................................................................................... 556grpck(1B) ........................................................................................................................................... 557hash(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 558head(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 560history(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 562hostid(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 572hostname(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 573iconv(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 574idnconv(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 577indxbib(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 582install(1B) ....................................................................................................................................... 583ipcrm(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 585

目录

7

ipcs(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 587isainfo(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 591isalist(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 593jobs(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 594join(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 602kbd(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 605kdestroy(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 611keylogin(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 612keylogout(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 613kill(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 614kinit(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 619klist(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 626kmdb(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 628kmfcfg(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 633kpasswd(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 642krb5-config(1) ................................................................................................................................. 643ksh(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 645ksh88(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 695ktutil(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 746lari(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 748last(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 755lastcomm(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 757ld(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 759ldapdelete(1) ................................................................................................................................... 777ldaplist(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 783ldapmodify(1) ................................................................................................................................... 789ldapmodrdn(1) ................................................................................................................................... 797ldapsearch(1) ................................................................................................................................... 803ldd(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 813ld.so.1(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 819let(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 826lex(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 827lgrpinfo(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 839limit(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 845line(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 851list_devices(1) ............................................................................................................................... 852

目录


listusers(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 856llc2_autoconfig(1) ......................................................................................................................... 857llc2_config(1) ................................................................................................................................. 858llc2_stats(1) ................................................................................................................................... 860ln(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 868ln(1B) .................................................................................................................................................. 871loadkeys(1) ....................................................................................................................................... 874locale(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 875localedef(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 878logger(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 883logger(1B) ......................................................................................................................................... 885login(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 887logname(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 895logout(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 896look(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 897lookbib(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 898lorder(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 899ls(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 900ls(1B) .................................................................................................................................................. 923m4(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 926mac(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 932mach(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 935machid(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 936madv.so.1(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 937mail(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 941mail(1B) ............................................................................................................................................. 947mailcompat(1) ................................................................................................................................... 948mailp(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 950mailq(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 952mailstats(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 954mailx(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 956make(1S) .............................................................................................................................................. 981makekey(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1017man(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1018mconnect(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1026mcs(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1027

目录

9

mdb(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1029mesg(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1068mkdir(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1069mkmsgs(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1071mkstr(1B) ......................................................................................................................................... 1073mktemp(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1075moe(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1078more(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1080mp(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1087mpss.so.1(1) ................................................................................................................................... 1094msgcc(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1097msgcpp(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1100msgcvt(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1107msgfmt(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1108msggen(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1114msgget(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1117mt(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1118mv(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1121nawk(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1124nc(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1144ncab2clf(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1155ncakmod(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1157newform(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1158newgrp(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1161newtask(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1164nice(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1166nl(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1168nm(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1171nohup(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1176nroff(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1180od(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1183on(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1189optisa(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1191pack(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1192pagesize(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1195pam_tty_tickets.so(1) ................................................................................................................ 1196

目录


pargs(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1198passwd(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1200paste(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1210patch(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1213pathchk(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1218pax(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1221perl(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1253pfexec(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1260pg(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1261pgrep(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1266pkcs11_inspect(1) ......................................................................................................................... 1269pkginfo(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1271pkgmk(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1273pkgparam(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1276pkgproto(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1278pkgtrans(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1280pklogin_finder(1) ......................................................................................................................... 1283pktool(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1285plabel(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1302plgrp(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1303plimit(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1307pmadvise(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1309pmap(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1312ppgsz(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1323ppriv(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1326pr(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1330praliases(1) ................................................................................................................................... 1334prctl(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1335preap(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1342print(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1344printenv(1B) ................................................................................................................................... 1347printf(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1348priocntl(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1357proc(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1367prof(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1371profiles(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1375

目录

11

projects(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1383ps(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1385ps(1B) ................................................................................................................................................ 1395ptree(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1398pvs(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1400pwd(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1405ranlib(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1406rcapstat(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1407rcp(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1411read(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1415readonly(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1419refer(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1421regcmp(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1423renice(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1425rlogin(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1428rm(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1432rmformat(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1436rmmount(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1440roffbib(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1442roles(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1444rpcgen(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1446rpm2cpio(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1452rsh(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1453runat(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1458rup(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1461rup(1C) ............................................................................................................................................. 1462ruptime(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1463rusage(1B) ....................................................................................................................................... 1464rusers(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1466rwho(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1467sar(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1468sccs(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1473sccs-admin(1) ................................................................................................................................. 1483sccs-cdc(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1488sccs-comb(1) ................................................................................................................................... 1490sccs-delta(1) ................................................................................................................................. 1492

目录


sccs-get(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1495sccs-help(1) ................................................................................................................................... 1501sccs-prs(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1502sccs-prt(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1506sccs-rmdel(1) ................................................................................................................................. 1509sccs-sact(1) ................................................................................................................................... 1510sccs-sccsdiff(1) ........................................................................................................................... 1511sccs-unget(1) ................................................................................................................................. 1512sccs-val(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1513scp(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1515script(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1517sdiff(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1518sed(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1520sed(1B) ............................................................................................................................................. 1528set(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1534setfacl(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1544setlabel(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1548setpgrp(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1550sftp(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1551sh(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1555shcomp(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1576shell_builtins(1) ......................................................................................................................... 1578shift(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1583shutdown(1B) ................................................................................................................................... 1585size(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1586sleep(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1588soelim(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1590sort(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1591sortbib(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1598sotruss(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1600spell(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1602split(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1604srchtxt(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1606ssh(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1609ssh-add(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1621ssh-agent(1) ................................................................................................................................... 1623

目录

13

ssh-http-proxy-connect(1) ........................................................................................................ 1625ssh-keygen(1) ................................................................................................................................. 1627ssh-keyscan(1) ............................................................................................................................... 1631ssh-socks5-proxy-connect(1) .................................................................................................... 1633strchg(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1635strings(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1638strip(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1640stty(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1642stty(1B) ........................................................................................................................................... 1651sum(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1658sum(1B) ............................................................................................................................................. 1659suspend(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1660svcprop(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1661svcs(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1665symorder(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1672sys-suspend(1) ............................................................................................................................... 1673sysV-make(1) ................................................................................................................................... 1674tabs(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1681tail(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1685talk(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1688tar(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1691tbl(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1704tcopy(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1706tee(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1707telnet(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1708test(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1721test(1B) ........................................................................................................................................... 1730tftp(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1732time(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1735times(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1738timex(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1739tip(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1741touch(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1749touch(1B) ......................................................................................................................................... 1753tplot(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1754tput(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1755

目录


tr(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1760tr(1B) ................................................................................................................................................ 1765trap(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1766troff(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1769true(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1771truss(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1772tset(1B) ........................................................................................................................................... 1779tsort(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1784tty(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1786type(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1787typeset(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1788ul(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1790umask(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1791uname(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1795unifdef(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1797uniq(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1799units(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1802unix2dos(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1804updatehome(1) ................................................................................................................................. 1806uptime(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1808userattr(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1809users(1B) ......................................................................................................................................... 1810uucp(1C) ........................................................................................................................................... 1811uuencode(1C) ................................................................................................................................... 1815uuglist(1C) ..................................................................................................................................... 1819uustat(1C) ....................................................................................................................................... 1820uuto(1C) ........................................................................................................................................... 1824uux(1C) ............................................................................................................................................. 1827vacation(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1831vc(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1835vgrind(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1838vi(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1841vipw(1B) ........................................................................................................................................... 1852volcheck(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1853volrmmount(1) ................................................................................................................................. 1854w(1) .................................................................................................................................................... 1855

目录

15

wait(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1857wc(1) .................................................................................................................................................. 1860what(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1862whatis(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1864whereis(1B) ..................................................................................................................................... 1865which(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1867who(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1868whoami(1B) ....................................................................................................................................... 1872whocalls(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1873whois(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1874write(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1875xargs(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1878xgettext(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1883xstr(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1885yacc(1) .............................................................................................................................................. 1887yes(1) ................................................................................................................................................ 1890ypcat(1) ............................................................................................................................................ 1891ypmatch(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1892yppasswd(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1893ypwhich(1) ........................................................................................................................................ 1894zlogin(1) .......................................................................................................................................... 1895zonename(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1898zonestat(1) ..................................................................................................................................... 1899

目录


前言

无论是初次使用 SunOS操作系统的用户还是熟悉该操作系统的用户，均可通过联机手册页获取与系统及其功能有关的信息。手册页用于简要回答关于用途/用法的问题。手册页通常是参考手册的组成部分，并不用作教程。

概述以下内容包含对手册页各部分及其所引用信息的简要说明：

■ 第 1部分按照字母顺序介绍了操作系统中提供的各种命令。■ 第 1M部分按照字母顺序介绍了主要用于系统维护和管理的各种命令。■ 第 2部分介绍了所有的系统调用。其中的大多数调用可能返回一个或多个错误。如果返回一个异常值，则表明有错误情况。

■ 第 3部分介绍了各种库中包含的函数，这些函数不属于第 2部分介绍的那些直接调用UNIX系统原语 (primitive)的函数。

■ 第 4部分简要介绍了各种文件的格式，并在适当之处给出了文件格式的C结构声明。

■ 第 5部分包含其他文档，如字符集表。■ 第 7部分介绍了涉及特定硬件外围设备和设备驱动程序的各种特殊文件。还介绍了

STREAMS软件驱动程序、模块和 STREAMS通用的一组系统调用。■ 第 9E部分介绍了DDI（Device Driver Interface，设备驱动程序接口）/DKI（Driver/Kernel Interface，驱动程序/内核接口）、仅DDI和仅DKI入口点例程，开发者可以将这些例程包含在设备驱动程序中。

■ 第 9F部分介绍了可供设备驱动程序使用的内核函数。■ 第 9S部分介绍了驱动程序用来在驱动程序和内核之间共享信息的数据结构。

下面是手册页的通用格式。每个手册的手册页部分通常遵循该顺序，但只包括需要的标题。例如，如果未报告任何已知问题，则不包括“已知问题”部分。有关每一部分的更多详细信息，请参见 intro页；有关手册页的更多一般信息，请参见 man(1)。

名称本部分提供了记录的命令或函数的名称，后跟其用途的简要说明。

17

用法概要本部分说明了命令或函数的语法。如果命令或文件不存在于标准路径中，则显示其全路径名。除非要求使用不同的参数顺序，否则选项和参数均按字母顺序排列，首先是单个字母的参数，接下来是带有参数的选项。

本部分使用以下特殊字符：

[ ] 方括号。括在方括号中的选项或参数是可选的。如果没有方括号，则必须指定参数。

. . . 省略号。可以为该符号前面的参数提供多个值，或者可以多次指定该参数，例如 “filename . . .”。

| 分隔符。一次只能指定一个由该字符分隔的参数。

{ } 大括号。括在大括号内的选项和/或参数是相互依赖的，因此必须将大括号中的所有内容视为一个单元。

协议本部分仅出现在第 3R子部分，用于指示协议说明文件。

描述本部分定义了服务的功能和行为。因此，它简明地介绍了命令执行哪些操作。它不讨论“选项”或引用“示例”。在“用法”下介绍了交互式命令、子命令、请求、宏和函数。

IOCtl 本部分仅出现在第 7部分的手册页中。只有为 ioctl(2)系统调用提供了适当参数的设备类才被称为 ioctl，并生成自己的标题。特定设备的 ioctl调用按字母顺序显示在该特定设备的手册页中。ioctl调用用于特殊类别的设备。所有这些调用都以 io结尾，例如 mtio(7I)。

选项本部分列出了各命令选项及每个选项用途的简明摘要。逐个列出各个选项，并以它们在“用法概要”部分显示的顺序排列。在选项下讨论各个选项可能的参数，还提供缺省值（如果适用）。

操作数本部分列出了命令操作数，并介绍它们对命令操作的影响。

输出本部分介绍了命令所生成的输出（标准输出、标准错误或输出文件）。

返回值如果手册页记录返回值的函数，则本部分列出这些值并介绍返回这些值应满足的条件。如果函数只能返回常量值（例如 0或 –1），则将在标记的段落中列出这些值。否则，会有单个段落介绍每个函数的返回值。声明为void的函数不返回值，因此不会在“返回值”中讨论这些函数。

错误对于故障，大多数函数将指出它们出现故障的原因的错误代码置于全局变量 errno中。本部分按字母顺序列出了函数可以生成的所有错误代码，并介绍了导致每个错误的条件。如果多个条件可以导致同一错误，则在错误代码下以单独的段落介绍每个条件。

用法本部分列出了需要详细说明的特殊规则、功能和命令。此处列出的子部分用于说明内置功能：

命令

前言


http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=E23824&id=REFMAN2ioctl-2http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=E23824&id=REFMAN7mtio-7i

修饰符变量表达式输入语法

示例本部分提供了用法的示例，或者如何使用命令或函数的示例。会尽可能显示包括命令行输入和计算机响应的完整示例。只要给出了示例，就会显示example%提示，如果用户必须为超级用户，则提示显示为 example#。示例后面跟有说明、变量替换规则或返回值。大部分示例说明了“用法概要”、“说明”、“选项”和“用法”部分的概念。

环境变量本部分列出了命令或函数影响的所有环境变量，其后附加了关于影响的简要说明。

退出状态本部分列出了命令返回到调用程序或 shell中的值以及导致返回这些值的条件。通常，返回零表示成功完成，返回非零值表示各种错误条件。

文件本部分列出了手册页引用的所有文件名称、相关文件以及命令创建或所需的文件。每个文件名称后面都具有描述性摘要或说明。

属性本部分通过定义属性类型及其相应的值列出了命令、实用程序和设备驱动程序的特征。有关详细信息，请参见 attributes(5)。

另请参见本部分列出了对其他手册页、内部文档和外部出版物的引用。

诊断本部分列出了诊断消息以及导致错误的条件的简要说明。

警告本部分列出了有关特殊条件的警告，这些条件可能会严重影响您的工作状况。此部分不是诊断列表。

附注本部分列出了不属于页面任何部分的其他信息。它采用对用户旁白提示的形式，包含用户特别关注的要点。此处不包含关键信息。

已知问题本部分介绍了已知问题，并尽可能给出解决方法。

前言

19

http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=dsc&id=/app/docs/doc/E29117attributes-5

简介

参考文档

21

Intro, intro –命令和应用程序的介绍

本节介绍了此操作系统可用的命令（按字母顺序排列）。

需特别关注的页面归类如下：

1B 只能在 SunOS/BSD兼容性软件包中找到的命令。

1C 用于与其他系统进行通信的命令。

1S 特定于 SunOS的命令。

有关更多信息，请参见 SunOS参考手册的以下各节。

■ 第 1M节介绍了系统维护命令。■ 第 4节介绍了有关文件格式的信息。■ 第 5节是关于公共可用文件和杂项信息页的描述。

有关这些命令和程序的教程信息，请参见《Solaris Advanced User’s Guide》。

除非另有说明，手册页的“概要”部分介绍的命令将按以下语法接受选项和其他参数，并应按下述方式进行解释。

name [-option...] [cmdarg...]其中：

[ ] 将非必需的选项或 cmdarg括在其中。

... 表示有多个选项或 cmdarg。

name 可执行文件的名称。

{ } 括在大括号内的选项和/或参数是相互依赖的，因此必须将大括号中的所有内容视为一个单元。

option （始终以 "−"开头。）noargletter...或 argletter optarg[,...]

noargletter 表示不带选项参数的选项的单个字母。注意，可以将多个 noargletter选项组合在一个 "−"之后（参见下面的准则 5）。

argletter 表示需要选项参数的选项的单个字母。

optarg 符合前面的某个 argletter的选项参数（字符串）。请注意，在 argletter后面的 optargs组必须以逗号分隔，或者以制表符或空格字符分隔并用引号括起来（参见下面的准则 8）。

cmdarg 未以 "−"开头的路径名（或其他命令参数），或者本身表示标准输入的"−"。

除非另有说明，否则，只要操作数或选项参数是数字值，或者包含数字值：

■ 该数字就被解释为十进制整数。

■ 0到 2147483647范围内的数字从语法上可识别为数字值。

引用名

描述

其他节

手册页命令语法

Intro(1)

手册页第 1部分：用户命令 • 最后修订 2010年 7月 12日22

http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=dsc&id=/app/docs/doc/817-6767

■ 如果实用程序描述中指出它可接受负数作为操作数或选项参数，则 -2147483647到2147483647范围内的数字从语法上可识别为数字值。

■ 允许比此处列出的范围更大的范围。

并不是所有当前命令都遵循这些命令语法准则，但新命令很可能遵循它们。所有 shell程序都应当使用 getopts(1)来解析位置参数和检查合法选项。它支持下面的准则 3至10。其他准则的实施必须由命令本身来执行。

1. 命令名称（参见上面的 name）的长度应该为 2到 9个字符。2. 命令名称应该只包括小写字母和数字。3. 选项名称（参见上面的 option）的长度必须为一个字符。4. 所有选项都必须以 "−"开头。5. 可以将没有参数的多个选项组合在单个 "−"之后。6. 一个选项之后的第一个选项参数（参见上面的 optarg）必须以制表符或空格字符开头。

7. 选项参数不是可选的。8. 一个选项之后的选项参数组必须以逗号分隔，或者以制表符或空格字符分隔并用引号括起来（-o xxx,z,yy或 -o"xxx z yy"）。

9. 在命令行上所有选项都必须位于操作数（参见上面的 cmdarg）之前。10. "− −"可以用来表示选项的结尾。11.选项相对于彼此的顺序应当无关紧要。12.操作数（参见上面的 cmdarg）的相对顺序能够以操作数随之出现的命令所决定的方式影响操作数的意义。

13.只应使用前后都有一个空格字符的 "−"来表示标准输入。

已经为 Solaris和其他 Sun产品开发了一组扩展的准则，称为CLIP，即命令行界接口范例 (Command Line Interface Paradigm)。其目的是提供与 Linux系统上广泛应用的GNU命令行语法更为密切一致的命令行语法，而不是为了改进现有的实用程序或将此应用于所有新的实用程序。按照计划，该组扩展准则只在合适的时候应用于正在开发中的实用程序集。

CLIP是上面讨论的准则的一个完整超集，与 IEEE Std. 1003.1-2001 (SUSv3)密切一致。它并未包括所有的GNU语法。GNU语法允许使用与 IEEE规则冲突�

Documents

手册页第 1部分：用户命令 - docs.oracle.com · 手册页第1部分：用户命令 文件号码e29113 2011年11月

手册页第 1部分：用户命令 - docs.oracle.com · 手册页第1部分：用户命令文件号码e29113 2011年11月