DESIGN OF A WATER IUZTICULATION SYSTEM FOR PROPOSED DESA ILMU PHASE 15,18 AND 19 HOUSING SCHElME AT SAMARAHAN LAND DISTRICT, SARAWM

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK R 13a

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS

~ ~ l d u l : DESIGN O F A WATER RETICULATION SYSTEM FOR PROPOSED DESA ILMU PHASE 1 5 , 1 8 AND 19 HOUSING SCHEME A T

SAMARAHAN LAND DISTRICT. SARAWAK

Sava:

SESl PENGAJIAN: 200512006

EUGENE C H A N E L ANAK JIMBAP

Mengaku mcmbeni~r!an tesis *ini disitnpati di pusat Khidmat Maklumat Akademik. Utii\.ersiti M a l q s i a Sara\vak dcngati syiirat-syarat kegirriaan scperti berikut:

I. Tcsis a~dalali hakrnilik IJniversiti Malaysia Sarawak. 2 . Pusat Kliidmat Maklutnat Akademik. Univcrsiti Malaysia Sara\vak tlibenarkan rncriihua~ salinari

untuk tu,iuan pengajian saha.ia. 3. Mcrnbuat pendigitan untuk mambangunkan Pangkalan Data Kandungan 'l'empatati. 4. Pusat Khidniat Maklumat Akademik. llniversiti Malaysia Sarawak tlibenarkan ~nembuat si~liria~n

l'csis ini sehagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi.

>. ** Sila Tandakan ( J ) di kotak yang berkenaan

SIJLIT (Mengandungi maklumat bang berdarjah kcselamalan atau kepcntingan Malaysia scperti yang tcrmaktub di dalam AK I'A RASMl 1972)

I I r E I U I A D (Mcngundungi maklumat .l'tiKHAl) y m g tcIt11 ditctitukan o l d organisasilbadan di mana pcnyelidikan di,ialankaln).

TlDAK .I'F.Kt IAD

Disahkan oleh

Alarnat tetap: No. 66. Katnpung I'icliin I'UAN ROSMINA AI-IMAD RUS'I'AMI

94750 Tcbakang. Serian. Sara\vak. Nama l'enyclia

Tarikh: I I"' May 2006 a r k : 13 JUA& a 0 C

Ch7'A'TAN * Tesis dimaksudkan sehagai tesis bagi [iazah Dokror I:alsalith. Sariana iliin sariana Muda.

** l ika tcsis ini SULIT atau TERFIAI). sila larnpirkan surat daripada piliak berkuasalorganisasi bcrkenaan dcngan menyatakan sekali sebab clan tcmpoli tcsis ini perlu t l ikelashn sebagai SUI.11' dan TERI IAD.

APPROVAL SHEET

Final Year Project Report below:

Title : Design of a Water Reticulation System for Proposed Desa Ilmu

Phase 15, 18, and 19 Housing Scheme at Samarahan Land District,

Sarawak

Author : Eugene Chanel Anak Jimbap

Matric No. : 8 162

has been read and certified by:

P an Rosmina Ahmad Bustami

la June

Date

(Supervisor)

Pusai Khidmar Malriuma( Akadernu -- - UNIVERSJTI MALAYSIA SARAWAK.

P.KHIDMAT MAKLUMAT AKADEMIK UNIMAS

DESIGN OF A WATER RETICULATION SYSTEM FOR PROPOSED DESA

ILMU PHASE 15,18 AND 19 HOUSING SCHEME AT SAMARAHAN LAND

DISTRICT, SARAWAK

EUGENE CHANEL ANAK JIMBAP

This project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Engineering with Honours

(Civil Engineering)

Faculty of Engineering

UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK

2006

Special5 dedicated to my 6elovedfamiCy andfnends, thank$ for everything.. .

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The student wishes to express greatest thanks to the supervisor of Final Year Project,

Puan Rosmina Ahmad Bustami for her encouragement, guides, and advices in carried

out this project.

Special thanks to Desa llmu Sdn. Bhd., especially to the Project Manager, Mr.Joseph

Fang and also Mr. Gary Kho, Mr. Edwin Chandra, and Mr. Colin Leong for giving a

chance to student to do a design on the project. Also special thanks to the engineer of

Jurutera Minsar Consult Sdn. Bhd., Miss Sharon Yee for providing information

needed for the project.

ABSTRACT

Three major component of environment are atmosphere, hydrosphere, and

lithosphere. Hydrosphere is a water component consists of oceans, lakes, and rivers

which covered almost 73% of the earth surface. Human body contains about 70% of

water that shows the importance of water in sustaining our life. Besides that, water

also affects our daily activities. A water distribution system is required to transport

water from sources to consumers or users. This phenomenon requires the water

distribution system to be designed perfectly. The system must be able to provide

consistently adequate quantity of water to users at an acceptable pressure as

economically as possible. This project is about to design a water reticulation system

for proposed Desa Ilmu Phase 15, 18, and 19 housing scheme at Samarahan Land

District. The design is based on Malaysia Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) Standards that

was stated in The Malaysian Water Association (WMA) Design Guidelines for Water

Supply Systems (1994). The pipelines network analysis for the project are analyze

using WaterCAD software that developed by Haestad Methods Inc. USA. The system

is analyzed using steady-state simulation in three different scenarios; average daily

demand, peak consumption, and critical demand during fire.

ABSTRAK

Tiga komponen utama alam sekitar adalah atmosfera, hidrosfera, dan litosfera.

Hidrosfera adalah unsur air yang terdiri daripada lautan, tasik, dan sungai dimana ia

merangkumi hampir73% daripada permukaan bumi. Badan manusia mengandungi

kira-kira 70% air, ini membuktikan bahawa pentingnya air dalam kehidupan kita.

Selain daripada itu, air juga memberi kesan kepada aktiviti harian kita. Sistem

pengagihan air adalah diperlukan untuk membekalkan air dari punca kepada

pengguna. Fenomena ini memerlukan sistem pengagihan air direka dengan sempurna.

Sistem tersebut seharusnya mampu menyediakan kuantiti air yang mencukupi dengan

berterusan kepada pengguna pada tekanan yang memadai dan kos rendah. Projek ini

adalah dalam usaha untuk merekabentuk sistem pengagihan air untuk rancangan skim

perumahan Desa Ilmu Fasa 15, 18, dan 19 di Daerah Samarahan. Sistem ini direka

berdasarkan syarat panduan Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) Malaysia, seperti yang

terkandung dalam buku The Malaysian Water Association (MWA) Design

Guidelines for Water Supply Systems (1994). Rangkaian perpaipan dalam projek ini

dianalisis menggunakan perisian WaterCAD yang dihapcipta oleh Haestad Methods

Inc. USA. Rekaan ini dianalisis dalam tiga scenario yang berlainan iaitu keperluan

harian purata, kegunaan puncak seharian, dan keperluan genting semasa kebakaran.

CONTENT

TITLE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ABSTRACT

ABSTRAK

TABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF TABLE

LIST OF FIGURE

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1 . 1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

1.2 OBJECTIVE

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

2.2 SOURCES OF WATER

2.3 PlPE DIAMETER SELECTION

2.4 PlPE FRICTION FACTOR

PAGE

I

. . I 1

... 111

2.5 WATER SIMULATION PACKAGE AND SOFTWARE

2.5.1 CYBERNET / WATERCAD SOFTWARE

2.5.2 PIPE2000 / KYPIPE SOFTWARE

2.5.3 EPANET / MIKENET SOFTWARE

2.5.4 SYNERGEE SOFTWARE

2.5.5 H20NET SOFTWARE

2.5.6 INFOWORKS WS SOFTWARE

2.6 EXAMPLES OF WATER DISTRIBUTION DESIGN

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.1 DESIGN PROCEDURES

3.1.1 SOURCE OF SUPPLY

3.1.2 WATER DEMAND

3.1.3 WATER DEMAND ESTIMATION

3.1.4 POPULATION PROJECTION

3.1.5 PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION

3.1.6 SERVICE FACTOR

3.1.7 WATER DEMAND FOR HOUSING ESTATES

3.1.8 WATER DEMAND CALCULATION

3.2 DESIGN FACTORS

3.3 WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

3.4 REQUIRED FLOWS AND PRESSURES

3.5 MATERIALS

3.6 MATERIALS SELECTION

3.7 MINIMUM PIPE DIAMETER

3.8 DEAD ENDS

3.9 RETICULATION NETWORKS DESIGN

CHAPTER 4: DATA AND ANALYSIS

4.1 INTRODUCTION OF WATERCAD

4.1. I NETWORK HYDRAULICS ANALYSIS THEORY

4.1.2 SELF-CONTAINED SCENARIOS IN WATERCAD

4.1.3 SCENARIO

4.2 LAYOUT PLAN

4.3 INPUT DATA

4.4 RESULTS OF ANALYSIS

4.5 DISCUSSION

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.1 CONCULSION

5.2 RECOMMENDATION

REFFERENCE

APPENDIX A

LIST OF TABLE

TABLE

1 Types and Number of Houses

2 Fire Flow Requirements (Table 14.18 - JKR Standards)

3 Water Demand for Housing Estate (JKR Standards)

4 Water Demand Calculation

5 Recommended Residual Pressure

6 Principal Advantages and Limitations of Selected

Water Supply Pipes Materials (Table 14.2 - JKR Standards)

7 Pipes Recommendation (TABLE 14.10 - JKR Standards)

8 Thickness and diameter of Ductile Iron (Dl) pipes

(Table 14.4 - JKR Standards)

9 Characteristic of Polyethylene (HDPE) Pipes

(Source: JKR Standards)

10 Roughness Values and Coefficients

(Tables 14.14 - JKR Standards)

1 I Minor Pipeline Losses (Table 14.15 JKR Standards)

12 Water Distribution System Modeling and Hydraulic

Analysis Software (Source: HDR Engineering, Inc.)

13 Input Data for Pipes

PAGE

14 Input Data for Junctions

15 Input Data for Junctions and Critical Demand

At Dead Ends Junctions

16 Input data for Junctions and Critical Demand

At Other Junctions

LIST OF FIGURE

FIGURE PAGE

I Site Plan

2 Interrelationship of the functional elements of a

municipal water supply system.

[Source: Ray, K. Linsley et al. (1992)l

3 Pressure Head of Existing Water Main

4 Illustration of Loop and Nodal networks and

combination of both.

5 Water Reticulation Network

6 Schematic Illustration of the Design Procedure

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Everyone knows that water is essential to sustain life. It also plays a central role

in the growth and environmental health of cities and towns. We depend on water for

more than just drinking, cooking, washing and personal hygiene. Vast quantities are

often required for industrial and commercial uses. In some parts of the country like

Malaysia, large quantities of water for irrigation are necessary to support agriculture.

\Ire also rely on our water sources for power generation, recreation, fish and wildlife

conservation, and navigation.

1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

This project consists of housing area as stated in Table 1 and the site plan is

shown in Figure 1 in page 4.

Project : Desa Ilmu Phase 15, 18, and 19,

Samarahan Land District,

Sarawak

Client : Desa Ilmu Sdn. Bhd.

9' Floor, Wisma Naim,

Lot 2679, Rock Road,

93200 Kuching

Consultant : Jurutera Minsar Consult Sdn. Bhd.

Level 2 & 3, Westmoore House,

Twin Tower Centre, Rock Road,

93200 Kuching, P.O. Box 1872

93738 Kuching, Sarawak

Table 1: Types and Number of Houses

Site

Phase 15

Phase 18

Phase 19

Types of houses

Single storey terrace

Double storey terrace

Single storey semi-detached

Double storey semi-detached

Single storey terrace

Double storey terrace

Single storey semi-detached

Detached houses

Total

Number of unit

116

7

52

26

130

2 5

12

3 7

405

1.2 OBJECTIVE

This project concentrates on the water supply used in domestic area. The

objective of this project is to design a water reticulation system for the proposed Desa

Ilmu Phase 15, 18, and 19 housing scheme at Samarahan Land District which will

provide adequate quantities of water for various uses in community and sufficient

pressures throughout the system. The design is based on the Jabatan Kerja Raya

(JKR) Standards, which was stated in The Malaysian Water Association (WMA)

Design Guidelines for Water Supply Systems (1 994).

Figure 1: Site Plan

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

This chapter is a brief description about the water supply system based on JKR

Standards. Several elements and stages in water supply system would be briefly

explained in the following section in this chapter. Nowadays, elements in water

supply system such as pipelines network and water quality are designed and analyzed

using computer simulation.

2.1 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

.According to Ray, K. Linsley et al. (1992), there are several elements in the water

supply systems which are consist of:

i. The sources of supply

. . 1 1 . Storage facilities

iii. Transmission (to treatment) facilities

iv. Treatment facilities

v. Transmission (from treatment) and intermediate storage facilities

i . Distribution facilities (service area)

The figure below shows the diagrammatic interrelationship of the elements of water

supply system.

Figure 2: Interrelationship of the functional elements of a municipal water supply

s!.stem. [Source: Ray, K. Linsley et al. (1992)l

Source(s) of water supply

4

Storage

Transmission

Treatment

Transmission and storage

f

Distribution

Fte design and analysis for this project is concentrating to distribution facilities

!service area), where the water is distribute to the individual users connected to the

?stem.

12 SOURCES OF WATER

The sources of water determined through the water resources study are:

i. Direct runoff from rivers

. . 1 1 . Supply from rivers after the development of impounding reservoirs, diversion

barrages, and storage reservoirs

.-. I I 1. Groundwater

i . Conjunctive use of ground and surface derived water

3.3 PIPE DIAMETER SELECTION

The selection of pipe diameter depends on the following general factors:

i . For gravity systems, the difference in elevation between the source and the

point of discharge

. . 1 1 . For pumping systems, in general, the cost of power needed to deliver the

water.

iii. The major frictional losses in transmission, distribution and reticulation

pipelines caused by the pipe

iv. The minor frictional losses in transmission, distribution and reticulation

pipelines through valves and fittings. Generally, these losses are usually

minimal as compared to major friction losses.

.All distribution or reticulation network pipes are designed to meet peak demand

requirements as well as fire demand requirements, according to the relevant risk

category, with average demand taken at all points in the network. For both

requirements, the minimum residual heads required shall be met.

2.1 PIPE FRICTION FACTOR

According to the committees of HDR Engineering Inc. (2001), friction in pipes

is the effect of pipeline interior changes with time. Friction head loss would increases

\\.ith the age of pipe. This is because of various physical and chemical characteristics

of water that change the finishes or roughness of the interior of pipe. Besides that, the

reduction of the interior diameter of pipe due to sedimentation, scaling, organic

zowth, tuberculation, and corrosion also contribute to the changes. -

2.5 WATER SIMULATION PACKAGE AND SOFTWARE

There are many types of water simulation software used to analyzed hydraulic

network analysis. Some of those described briefly in the next page.

2.5.1 WATERCAD SOFTWARE

WaterCAD is developed by Haestad Methods and was easy to use and yet gives

accurate results. It is a powerful hydraulic analysis tools that enables engineers to

analyze water quality simulation and hydraulic networks. The advantages of

iVaterCAD are not only for experts like engineers, but also for beginners like student.

It is good for academic purposes since WaterCAD is simple and has a powerful

maphic interface and scenario management tool. This capability can help beginners to -

relate theory with practical situation by using computer application. WaterCAD can

%dorm steady-state and extended period simulation. The graphic layout is either

schematic or scaled. The scenario management tool contains base and child scenario

that enables designer to manage many different situations in one time.

3.5.2 PIPE2000 / KYPIPE SOFTWARE

Pipe2000 is seamlessl y integrated suite of software which includes the engines

KYPIPE, Steam, Gas, Surge, and GoFlow. This software is developed by University

of Kentucky. For thirty years, KYPIPE has developed and provided support for pipe

q stem hydraulic flow analysis software. The strength and flexibility of the Pipe2000

s ~ i t e of engines has made KYPIPE an industry leader and made their software the

most widely used pipe system hydraulic flow analysis software in the world. The

Diee2000 suite of software utilizes a consistent, intuitive Graphical User Interface;

?''o\ving the user to transition easily and efficiently between engines.

%~22000: KYPIPE which utilizes the software engines KYPIPE4, has been an

+ustry standard. This engine is the most widely used and trusted hydraulic analysis

-4ne in the world and has been qualified for nuclear applications. KYPIPE4

-\.ides many capabilities not available with other hydraulic analysis engines.

i. Pipe2000: KYPIPE supports EPANET, a combined hydrauliclwater quality

engine-modeling package created by the United States Environmental

Protection Agency primarily for water quality analysis. EPANET

unfortunately does not currently support some of the KYPIPE Graphical User

Interface modeling features but does allow hydraulic calculations.

. - 11. Pipe2000: Hydrant flow calculation in KYPIPE allows users to select

hydrants for a fire flow simulation and obtain calculated flow information for

a set pressure as printable fire flow graphs or as hydrant reports.

. - - trl. Pipe2000: KYPIPE generates direct parameter calculations as well as pump

and system curves.

3 EPANETI MIKE NET SOFTWARE

EPANET is a Windows 95/98/NT program developed by BOSS International,

'--S.A that performs extended period simulation of hydraulic and water-quality

'xhavior within pressurized pipe networks. A network can consist of pipes, nodes