Off JobSafetyBooklet

8/9/2019 Off JobSafetyBooklet

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/off-jobsafetybooklet 1/59



O-Job Saety Booklet

L o s s P r e v e n t i o n D e p a r t m e n t

© Copyright 2008, Saudi Aramco. All rights reserved.



Contents

1. Slips, Trips, and Falls at Home

2. Fire Saety

3. Electrical Saety

4. Accidental Poisoning

5. Food Saety

6. Choking

7. Drowning

8. Playground Saety

9. Toy Saety

10. Sports Saety

11. Sun Protection

12. Water Saety

13. Traic Saety

14. First Aid Basics

1

3

7

10

13

15

17

19

24

26

28

35

39

45

O-Job Saety Booklet



1

Make a living room livable

• Place throw rugs over rug-liners or choose rugs with nonskid

backs to reduce the chance o slipping.

• Avoid placing shag rugs, as they can cause alls by getting caught

on shoes.

• Arrange urniture so that they provide open pathways, clear o

obstructions.

• Avoid having glass tables, which can be especially dangerous

should you trip and all into one. Instead, choose sturdy woodentables with rounded corners.

Slips, Trips, and Falls

Home

Start at the ront door

• Make sure that there’s a contrast in

color and texture o ooring to help

accentuate height.

Every year, slips, trips, and alls

result in many o-job injuries;

some o these injuries can be

serious enough to land you in the

emergency room.

at

Prevent slips, trips, and alls by identiying and correcting the

hazards associated with these incidents.



O-Job Saety Booklet

• Keep your living room oor tidy

rom things you can trip over like

toys, tools, or books.

• Secure all telephone and electrical

cords out o walkways.

Step in and out o bathrooms saely

• Install handrails near your bath, shower, and toilet.

• Use nonslip mats in the bathroom; a bathmat on the oor, and anappropriate mat or adhesive saety strips or decals in the bathtub

or shower.

• Always keep your bathroom oor clean and dry by wiping up wet

oors immediately.

• Use a soap dish to keep soap and other items o the bathtub or

shower oor.

• Remove soap buildup regularly rom bathtubs or showers to

prevent slipping.

Keep the kitchen sae orcooking

• Wipe up spills immediately.

• Always use appropriate

stepladders or stools when

reaching items stored in high

cabinets or on high shelves.

2



Going up or down the stairssaely

• Keep staircases well-lit with light

switches installed at the top and the

bottom.

• Ensure that handrails are installed on

all stairways and steps.

• Install saety gates at the top and bottom o the stairs i you have

small children.

• Keep stairways clear o clutter and never use the stairs as

temporary storage or or displaying decorative items.

• Avoid placing throw rugs at the top, bottom, or on the staircase.

• Make sure all rugs have skid-resistant backing and the edges are

held down with carpet tape.

• Check your stairs regularly or worn or loose carpeting or

protruding carpet tacks, and to ensure that all steps are in good

condition.

• Install antislip tread i your steps have a smooth surace, to

provide saer traction.

• Always hold onto handrails when going up or down the stairs.

• Avoid carrying vision blocking loads. Carry a small enough load

so you can see where you are stepping and to easily keep one

hand ree to hold onto the handrail.

• Always remember to go slow — rushing or running on stairs is

asking or a all.

3



O-Job Saety Booklet

Using ladders saely

• Only use a ladder that is in

good condition. I your ladderhas any deects, have it fxed or

replaced immediately.

• Set a straight or extension

ladder at a 4:1 slope (i.e., or

every 4 m height, set the ladder

at a 1 m distance rom the

structure) and ensure it is stablebeore climbing up.

• Set the ladder up on a frm, level ooting. Have three points o

contact on the ladder — two hands and one oot, or two eet

and one hand while climbing; and two eet and one hand while

working. Ask someone to hold the ladder steady.

• Avoid overreaching. Use a ladder appropriate or the height you

are trying to reach.

4



Fire poses a serious threat to everyone in your home. These

basic preventive measures can help you minimize the risk o fre

and related injuries:

Fire Saety

• Ensure the electrical wiring in

your home is installed properly

and in good condition.

• Never overload electrical

circuits. Be cautious when using

extension cords and multiple

sockets.

• Frequently examine electric

heaters, cooking equipment,

and other appliances to ensurethat they are in good operating

condition. Replace rayed cords

and broken or loose plugs.

• Store oily cloths saely away rom heat sources in closed metal

containers. Discard trash promptly.

• Store ammable liquids in containers

specifcally designed and approved or

this use. Keep containers saely away

rom heat sources.

• Keep appropriate fre extinguishers in

your home and know how to use them

properly.

• Install smoke detectors on every oor o your home, especiallyoutside bedrooms, and make sure they’re properly maintained.

5



O-Job Saety Booklet

• Never smoke in bed! It’s the number one cause o fre-related

atalities. Make sure that ashtrays are large and deep, and that

cigarette butts are ully extinguished.

• Develop an escape plan in case you have to evacuate the house in

a fre, and make sure that every amily member knows the proper

evacuation procedures. Designate a meeting place outside so

that you can easily determine i all your amily members escaped

saely. Remind amily members to never go back inside a burning

building no matter what.

• I you live in a multi-story house, make sure there’s an escaperoute out o upstairs windows.

• Post the phone number o the local fre department near all

telephones in your home and make sure that every member o the

amily knows how to report a fre.

Kitchen fre

Kitchen or grease fres are a leading cause o home fres. Take these

steps to avoid them:

• Never leave cooking unattended.

• Keep appliances clean.

• Wear close-ftting clothing when you’re cooking.

• Heat oil slowly — preer to use temperature-controlled rying

pans.

• Turn pot handles in.

• Don’t overload electrical outlets.

• Only use microwave sae utensils and cookware in microwave

ovens.

• Keep combustibles away rom the stove.

6



Despite your best saetyeorts, a fre in your kitchenmay still start. I so, ollow

these actions to put it out:

• Smother a grease fre — never

put water on a cooking fre! I

a cooking pan catches fre, turn

o the burner, put on an oven

mitt, and slide an appropriate

size lid onto the pan. I ood in the oven catches fre, keep the

door shut and turn the oven o. I the fre doesn’t go out, callthe fre department.

• Keep the microwave door shut — i a fre starts in your

microwave, keep the door shut and turn o the appliance, then

unplug it. I you open the door, you will eed oxygen to the fre,

making it burn more.

• Use a fre extinguisher i necessary — make sure you know

how to use it beore a fre starts. A multipurpose class A:B:C

extinguisher is best or kitchen use.

7



O-Job Saety Booklet

8

Electrical Saety

Electricity is an essential part o our daily lie. It’s so

commonplace that at times we orget the dierent hazards

that it can cause. Follow these simple rules to ensure electrical

saety at home:

• Never orce a plug into an outlet i

it doesn’t ft properly.

• Put saety covers on all unused

outlets accessible to children.

• Don’t plug too many extension or

appliance cords into one outlet.

• Make sure outlets don’t have

loose-ftting plugs, which can

overheat and cause a fre.

• Make sure wall plates are on every

outlet and are in good condition.

• Make sure that outlets and switch plates are not hot to touch.

• Don’t nail or staple cords to the wall, baseboard, or any other

object.

• Inspect electrical cords regularly to make sure they’re in good

condition.

• Extension cords should only be used on a temporary basis, never

in place o permanent wiring.

• Turn o electrical equipment beore unplugging it; never use wet

hands to remove a plug.

• Unplug electrical equipment by frmly grasping the plug itsel,

never by pulling the cord.



9

• Never carry household appliances by the cord.

• Keep all electrical appliances away rom water.

• Use the proper wattage and type o bulb or each light fxture andensure that the bulb is screwed in securely.

• Install ground ault circuit interrupters (GFCIs) in wet locations or

near a water source (e.g., in the bathroom and kitchen). GFCIs are

used to help prevent shocks, burns, electrocutions, and fres by

automatically shutting o when the circuit is interrupted.

•

Make sure light fxtures (e.g., table or oor lamps) are owhenever a room will remain unoccupied or an extended time

period.

• Make sure space heaters are positioned at least 1 m away rom

combustible materials, such as bedding, clothing, curtains, and

rugs.

• Make sure portable heaters are plugged directly into an outlet not

into an extension cord and are turned o and unplugged whennot in use.

• For outdoor use, make sure extension cords are marked or

outdoor use and rated or the power needs o your tools.

• Keep outdoor electrical outlets covered and dry.

• Make sure electrical outlets around pools, ponds, and hot tubs are

equipped with GFCIs.

• Know where underground electrical lines are located on your

property.



O-Job Saety Booklet

10

Accidental Poisoning

Each year many people are accidentally poisoned. The causes o

poisoning oten vary according to age. Children younger than

6 years o age, or example, are at a greater risk o being poisoned

by household cleaners or products because they are curious and like

to put things in their mouths. Older adults who take medication are

poisoned by taking too much o a medication, the wrong kind, or

a mixture o medication. Here are ways to help poison-proo yourhome room-by-room.

Bathroom

• Place all medication inside childproo

cabinets that lock.

• Keep cosmetics and other bathroom

products, such as mouthwash, awayrom children’s reach.

• Use child-resistant caps and keep

medication lids tightly closed.

• Never take medication in ront o a

child or reer to it as candy. Children

oten mimic adult actions.• Always ollow the doctor’s

recommended dosage or the dosage

on the label.

• Never give medication to your child in the dark; you may give the

wrong dosage or even the wrong medication.

•Keep medicines in their original containers to prevent the wrongmedication being taken by mistake.



• Discard old and outdated

medicines by ushing them

down the toilet.

Bedroom

• Keep personal care items, such as hair sprays, perume, and nail

polish removers, away rom children’s reach.

• Keep mothballs and crystals in child-resistant containers.

• Only allow children to use toys and art supplies that are nontoxic

and lead ree.

Living room

• Visitors may carry medications in coat pockets, jackets, and

purses; make sure to hang garments and store purses out o

children’s reach.

• Make sure items used in your home are lead ree.

• Know the properties o all indoor and outdoor plants. Remove any

poisonous plants rom your home and garden.

Kitchen

• Never store cleaning products and ood in the same area.

• Store cleaning products in locked cabinets away rom the sight

and reach o children.

• Keep all cleaning products in their original containers.

• Never remove product labels. They contain important saety and

emergency inormation.

• Never leave opened cleaning products unattended.

• Always return a product to its proper storing place ater use and

make sure that you close it properly.

11



O-Job Saety Booklet

Garage

• Store all hazardous products, such as pesticides, lawn chemicals,

paint and paint thinners, and automotive products, on highshelves or locked cabinets away rom children’s reach.

Keeping seniors sae rom

poisoning

• Make sure that the older

members o your amily

always turn on the lightwhen taking medication at

night and double-check the

doctor’s instructions or the

appropriate dosage.

12



Food Saety

The potential or bacterial contamination is what makes eating

out in restaurants a saety concern. Food can be contaminated

with harmul bacteria i it has contact with:

• Pests (ies, rats, etc.).

•

People with poor hygiene.

• Contaminated tools (e.g., when

the same cutting board is used

or both raw and cooked ood

without being thoroughly

washed in between).

• Foods that are contaminated (e.g., when juice rom thawing

chicken drips onto salad greens).

• Food that’s not kept at the right temperature (e.g., ood that has

been let at room temperature or more than two hours).

Here are some things to look or when choosingwhere to eat out or buy ready-made ood.

Danger signs• Dirty public areas such as dirty toilets and bathrooms. I the areas

you can see are not clean and managed well, imagine the state o

the areas you cannot see.

• Dirty tables, crockery, cutlery, and glassware.

• Sta with dirty hands or fngernails, dirty aprons, or dirty hair that

is not tied back.

13



O-Job Saety Booklet

• Overowing trash bins or bags ull o trash outside the premises

that can attract pests and ies.

•

Hair, insects, or other oreign objects in ood.

Good signs

• Food that is very hot when served. Cold oods, such as salads, that

are properly cold when served.

• In open buet, a resh batch o ood is brought out when a batch

is fnished (an old batch o ood should never be topped up with a

resh one).

• Sel-service ridges are properly cold.

• Sta hygiene training certifcates posted on the walls or ood

saety instructions posted in ood preparation areas.

14



Choking

Worldwide, thousands o children die o choking-related

deaths every year. These tragic deaths are oten the result

o improper adult supervision. The best way to avoid choking is by

applying preventive measures.

Be aware o toys

• Pay close attention to the

age recommendations on the

package.

• Never let younger children play

with toys designated or older

children.

• Teach older children to put their toys away and out o the reach oyounger children.

• Make requent checks around the house to make sure that toys

are saely put away. Remember to check under urniture and

between cushions.

• Never give a small child a small toy, including toys small enough

to ft through a 3 cm circle, toys that are smaller than 6 cm long,small toy cars with removable rubber wheels, marbles, and small

balls.

Other dangerous items

• Keep coins, batteries, pens and caps, nails, rings, and other round

objects that can ft into a child’s mouth out o children’s reach.

•Never leave uninated or inated balloons where children can getto them.

15



O-Job Saety Booklet

• Keep oors, tables, and cabinet tops ree o small objects that

could be swallowed.

• When visiting amily and

riends, inspect and remove

choking hazards beore

allowing your child to

wander around.

Serve sae ood

•

Insist your child sits down when eating, preerably at the table.• Encourage your child to eat slowly and chew his/her ood well.

• Never eed your child in a moving vehicle and don’t let a child

suck on candies or eat ood while lying down.

• When serving hotdogs, slice each one down lengthwise and then

cut it into small pieces.

• Cut meat into very small bite-size pieces.

• Slice round ruit like grapes into quarters.

• Cut raw vegetables into small pieces.

16



Drowning

Drowning is a leading cause o death or children. A drowning

can happen very quickly and in very little water (3 to 5 cm).

Here are some guidelines you can ollow to prevent your children

rom drowning at home:

Bathtubs

• Never leave a baby alone

in the bathtub; always

keep the baby within

arm’s reach.

• Don’t leave a baby in the

care o another child.

• Never leave your baby

unattended to answer

the phone, door, or or

any other reason — not

even or a second. I you must leave, take the baby with you.

• Don’t rely on a bath seat as a substitute or proper supervision; it’s

only a bathing aid, not a saety device.

• Never use a baby bath seat in a nonskid, slip resistant bathtub

as the suction cups will not adhere to the bathtub surace or can

detach unexpectedly.

• Make sure to always drain the bathtub rom water ater each use.

Children can drown in very little water.

17



O-Job Saety Booklet

Toilets

• Keep the toilet lid down and consider using a toilet latch to stop

young children rom opening the lid. Better yet, keep bathroom

doors closed.

Buckets

• Never leave a bucket containing

even a small amount o liquidunattended. When you have

fnished using a bucket, empty it

immediately.

• Store buckets where children

cannot reach them.

18



Playground Saety

Playing at playgrounds promotes the healthy development

o children and gives them the opportunity to run, climb,

and explore with other children. However, many children visit

the emergency room every year because o playground-related

injuries. Here are some steps to help ensure children’s saety at

playgrounds.

• Stop horseplay and equipment misuse immediately.

Sot suraces

• The all zone (the area under and around the equipment where

a child alling rom the equipment would land) should extend at

least 2 m in all directions rom the edge o the equipment.

• The all zone surace should be ree o standing water, debris, and

sharp objects.

• The all zone should be flled with loose-fll material that cushions

alls, such as sand and wood chips. Concrete, asphalt, and grassare too hard to cushion alls.

Playground supervision

• Constantly supervise your child

at play.

• Make sure that your child plays

on age-appropriate equipment.

•

Give on-the-scene instructionsor sae play and then reinorce

the instructions during

playtime.

19



O-Job Saety Booklet

Sae equipment

Swings

• They should be equipped with sot plastic seats, not metal

or wooden ones. Metal seats can get too hot in the summer

causing burns, while wooden seats can have splinters or sharp

components that can injure.

• Swings should be set ar enough away rom other equipment to

prevent hitting children.

•

Each swing should support amaximum o two seats spaced at

least 60 cm apart.

• Younger children should only

use ull-bucket seats; hal-bucket

seats are dangerous or babies

and toddlers because their small

bodies can slide out o them.

Slides

• Slides should be well anchored

and have frm handrails and good

traction on the steps.

• Each slide should have a bar at

the top to ensure that children sitbeore they go down.

• No gaps should appear between

the slide itsel and the platorm.

• Children should not wear clothing with drawstrings, which can

get caught on slide parts.

20



Seesaws

• Don’t allow children to use

adjustable seesaws with chainsbecause they can crush their hands

under the chain.

• Allow children to only use seesaws

that have a tire or some other

object under the seat to keep it

rom hitting the ground.

Climbing equipment

• Children younger than 4 years should not be allowed to use

climbing equipment or horizontal ladders.

• Steps and handrails should be in good condition and guardrails or

barriers should surround raised platorms.

• Climbing ropes should be secured both at the top and bottom.

Special playground saety tips

• Inspect openings that can trap children (in guardrails or between

ladder rungs) to make sure they’re less than 9 cm or more than23 cm apart.

• Make sure that guardrails surround all elevated platorms and are

at least 78 cm high.

• Remove exposed concrete ootings, tree roots, or rocks that could

trip children.

• Make sure that there are no sharp edges and dangerous

hardware, like hooks and protruding bolts.

• Limit the number o children on each piece o equipment.

21



O-Job Saety Booklet

Sae playing rules

To avoid injuries that can result rom unsae behaviors, parents

must instruct and enorce these sae play rules.

Swinging

• Always sit in the center o the swing; never stand or kneel.

• Hold on with both hands.

• Stop the swing beore getting o.

• Walk around the swing, but not tooclose to the ront or the back.

• Never allow a child to push another

child on the swing.

• Only one person per swing.

• Never swing empty swings; never

twist chains.

• Never put head and/or eet through exercise rings on the swing

sets.

Sliding

• Hold on with both hands as you go up

and down the steps; take one step at a

time.

• Never go up the sliding surace or the

rame.

• Keep at least one arm’s length rom other

children.

• Slide down one child at a time, with eet

frst and always sitting up.

22



• Make sure no one is in ront o the slide beore sliding down.

• Wait your turn patiently, avoid pushing or shoving.

• Leave the bottom o the slide ater you have taken your turn.

Climbing

• Use both hands.

• Be careul when climbing down and watch out or others climbing

up.

• Avoid using the climbing equipment where there are too many

children.

• Start all rom the same end o the equipment and move in the

same direction.

• Stay well behind the person in ront and watch out or swinging

eet.

• Never use the climbing equipment when it is wet.

• Avoid speed contests or trying to cover too large a distance in one

move.

• Drop rom the bars with knees slightly bent and land on both eet.

Seesawing

• Sit acing each other, not leaning back.

• Keep a frm hold with both hands.

• Never stand or run on the board.

• Keep eet out rom underneath the

board as it descends.

23



O-Job Saety Booklet

Toy Saety

Playing with toys is an essential part o every child’s lie.

Unortunately, some toys can be dangerous or children. Poorly

constructed toys or toys that are inappropriate or a child’s age and

maturity level can lead to injuries and even death. (Inormation on

how to prevent choking on toys can be ound on page 15.)

• Look or good design and

quality construction in the toy

you buy.

• Choose a toy that is appropriate

or your child’s age and

maturity level and that is lead

ree.

• Careully inspect the toy beore purchasing it. Make sure that

all toy parts are properly secured so no part can accidentally be

swallowed. Avoid toys that have small, removable parts that can

be swallowed.

• Consider the noise level o the toy. Some toys, such as pop guns,

can produce noise levels that can damage hearing.

• Beore letting your child play with the new toy, discard all

accompanying plastic wrappers or bags. These pose a risk or

suocation i children place them over their head.

• Check toys regularly to ensure that they are not damaged or pose

hazards. Throw away broken toys.

• Store toys in open, plastic crates or on low shelving units easily

accessible to children.

24



• Toys that are used

outside should be stored

properly when children

fnish playing with them.A previously sae toy

can become dangerous

i damaged or rusted by

prolonged exposure to

moisture.

25

• Always supervise your child at all times even when he/she is

playing with a toy that is recommended or his/her age group.





Provide adequate adult supervision and commitment

to saety

•Select leagues and teams that value the importance o saety andinjury prevention during sports.

• Choose coaches trained and certifed in Basic Lie Support (BLS)

and First Aid.

• Enroll your child in a team with a coach who enorces sae playing

rules and requires the use o personal protective equipment.

Ensure proper preparation or the activity

• Make sure that children are matched in teams and types o sports

according to their skill level, size, and physical and emotional

maturity.

• Make sure your child is adequately prepared or the sport with

warm-up exercises and training sessions beore participating in

actual competitive games.

• Make sure your child drinks plenty o uids beore and ater the

activity.

27

Ensure ater-the-game precautions

• Cool down. Cooling down exercises will help

loosen the body’s muscles that have tightened

during sports.

• Injuries heal completely. I your child gets

injured during a game, minimize long-term

damage by allowing the aected area to heal

completely beore participating in the sport again.

• Don’t rush. It’s important or your child to ease back into a

routine i he/she has been inactive or a long period o time.

For example, ater a long summer break, children should beginphysical activity beore their sport ofcially begins.



O-Job Saety Booklet

Sun Protection

Staying cool in Saudi Arabia is more than a matter o comort;

it’s also a saety concern. Every year, high temperatures put

people at risk or heat-related illnesses.

Protecting babies rom the

heat

Babies need special care duringhot weather

• A tepid bath can help keep your

baby cool on a very hot day. The

water should be warm enough

to be comortable; cool or cold

water should not be used.

• Dress your baby in light, comortable clothing such as a singlet

or diaper. Make sure, however, that their bodies are completely

covered i out in the sun.

• Make sure that the room

temperature is comortable but not

too cold i the air conditioning is

on.• Avoid traveling with your baby in a

vehicle in hot weather, i possible.

I you must, travel early in the

day or in the evening. Babies can

overheat quickly in cars so keep

them in the shade as much as possible. Remember that babies’

skin can burn by sunlight passing through car windows. Never

leave a baby alone in a car.

28



Prickly heat

Prickly heat is a rash o tiny red pin-head spots and tiny blisters that

commonly occurs on parts o the skin that remain moist, such as thebaby’s diaper area or under the chin. Protect your baby’s skin rom

prickly heat by:

• Keeping the baby’s skin dry. For example, remove the baby’s

diaper rom time to time to allow the skin to dry.

• Applying creams, such as zinc and cod-liver oil, on the aected

area o the baby’s skin.

• Changing the baby’s clothes more oten and giving tepid baths.

Babies and the sun

A baby’s skin is thin and has not yet developed the natural protection

needed rom the sun, making it more susceptible to burns and sun

damage. For protection rom the sun:

• Keep your baby in the shade as much as possible.

• Cover your baby’s body, arms, and legs with clothing, and his/her

head with a wide-brimmed hat.

• Apply to your baby’s skin sunscreen made or babies or toddlers,

with sun protection actor (SPF) o at least 15.

Dehydration

I babies don’t get enough to drink or they lose a lot o uid through

diarrhea, vomiting, or sweating, they can become dehydrated. To

prevent dehydration:

• Provide breasted babies with extra breast milk to meet their uid

needs.

• Provide bottle-ed babies with extra drinks o cool, boiled water.

29



O-Job Saety Booklet

Symptoms of dehydration in babies

• Appearing unwell.

• More irritable than usual.

• Weight loss.

• Dried skin.

• Sunken ontanel.

• Fewer wet diapers than usual.

Most babies can recover rom minor dehydration with extra uids. Seekimmediate medical assistance i you suspect that your baby is seriously

dehydrated.

Heat stroke

Heat stroke, a serious or atal condition,

occurs when too much water is lost and

the baby’s or child’s temperature starts to

rise.

Symptoms of heat stroke in babies or

children

• Rising body temperature.

• Smaller amounts o urine than usual; dark colored urine.

• Increased thirst with decreased drinking as the baby gets weaker.

• Dry mouth and eyes.

• Headaches and muscle cramps.

• Drowsiness and lethargy.

• Conusion, shortness o breath, and vomiting.

• Coma

30



What to do for heat stroke

I your baby or child has any o the above signs o heat stroke, seek

immediate medical treatment. While waiting or medical help, youshould keep your child covered with cool, damp cloths. Keep trying to

give your child small amounts o uids — unless she/he is unconscious

and unable to swallow.

Protecting yoursel rom the heat

Causes of heat-related illnesses

Heat-related illnesses, ranging rom mild heat rash to severe heat stroke,occur when your body cannot cool itsel. As the air temperature rises,

your body stays cool by releasing uid onto the skin. When sweating

isn’t enough to cool your body, your body temperature rises and you

may become ill. Prevent heal-related illnesses by:

• Scheduling outdoor activities or the cooler time o the day, beore

10 a.m. and ater 4 p.m.

• Taking requent breaks and

drinking water or other non-

caeinated uids every 15 to

20 minutes, even i you don’t

eel thirsty during an outdoor

activity.

• Wearing light-weight, light-

colored, loose-ftting clothing.

• Protecting yoursel rom the sun by wearing a wide-brimmed hat

or using an umbrella. Don’t orget to apply sunscreen.

• Gradually exposing yoursel to the hot weather so your body can

adapt to the heat.

31



O-Job Saety Booklet

Heat rash

Also known as prickly heat, is a condition that occurs in hot, humid

environments.Symptoms of heat rash

• Tiny blister spots on the skin.

• Prickling sensation on the skin.

What to do to treat a heat rash

•

Clean skin.

• Apply mild drying lotion.

• Wear loose clothing.

• Rest in a cool place, and allow your skin to dry.

Heat cramps

Heat cramps are painul muscle spasms that occur rom drinking large

quantities o water without replacing lost body salt.

Symptoms of heat cramps

• Painul spasms o leg, arm, or abdominal muscles.

• Heavy sweating and thirst.

32

What to do to treat heat cramps

• Loosen clothing.

• Drink lightly salted beverages

such as sport drinks.

• Rest in a cool area.



Heat exhaustion

Heat exhaustion happens when one is exposed to heat or a prolonged

period o time and the body’s eort to cool itsel results in signifcantloss o body uid and certain essential minerals, such as sodium and

potassium. I not treated, heat exhaustion can lead to serious health

problems.

Symptoms of heat exhaustion

• Excessive sweating.

•

Cool, moist, pale skin.• Vomiting.

• Anxiety, conusion, ainting, and

decreased level o mental unction.

What to do to treat heat

exhaustion

• Move him/her to a cool,

shaded area.

• Administer uids by mouth

(0.15 L or hal a cup o

water every 15 minutes).

• Remove or loosen tight

clothing.

• Apply cool water on the

skin.

Heat stroke

Heat stroke occurs when the body’s temperature-regulating system ails.

A malunction o the temperature regulation center in your brain causes

sweating to stop and your body temperature to rapidly rise above 40 °C

33



O-Job Saety Booklet

(104 °F). At such high temperatures, vital organs are prone to damage

and ailure.

Symptoms of heat stroke• Blurred vision, dizziness, and nausea.

• Hot, dry, spotted skin.

• Mental conusion.

• Delirium, generalized convulsion, loss o consciousness.

•

Respiratory and cardiac arrest. What to do to treat heat stroke

• Call the emergency medical services (in Saudi Aramco

communities, dial 110; in the local communities, dial 997)

immediately.

• Move the victim to a cool, shaded area.

• Place wet sheets around the body or wrap ice in clean cloths andplace them on the victim’s wrist, ankles, and neck to cool the large

blood vessels.

• Monitor his/her breathing and pulse i the victim is unconscious.

• Perorm Basic Lie Support i the victim has no pulse and only i

you’re trained to do so.

34



Water SaetyPool Saety

Community pool safety rules

Follow these important safety rules

when visiting a community pool

• Obey the instructions o the

lieguard on duty.

• Never leave a child unsupervised

near or inside the pool. Appoint

responsible and capable adults

as designated watchers who can take turns. Don’t rely on older

siblings to provide adequate supervision.

• Don’t rely on lieguards to supervise your children.

• Obey the warning signs and notices around the pool.

• Make sure children don’t enter spas or hot tubs.

• Teach your children good pool saety habits, such as no running,

dunking, pushing, or jumping on others.

• Never assume your children cannot drown because they had

swimming lessons or are wearing otation devices.

• Don’t consider air-flled devices and toys, such as water wings

or even approved otation devices, as substitutes or adult

supervision.

• Don’t allow children to play as though they are drowning. A alse

alarm may mask a real emergency and delay rescue.

• Don’t allow diving rom the side o the pool unless the water is at

least 1.5 m deep.

35



O-Job Saety Booklet

• Never allow your children to

swim immediately ater eating.

•

Make sure that you and yourchildren wear proper swimsuits.

Wearing loose clothing can

contribute to drowning.

Home pool safety rules

A swimming pool in the yard can be an invitation to a drowning incident

or young children. In addition to the community saety rules, pool

owners can take the ollowing precautions to help make their home

pools less dangerous:

• Never allow children near the pool

area without responsible adult

supervision.

• Surround your pool with a ence or

barrier that is at least 1.7 m high andhas child-proo gate latches. The latch

should be sel-closing and placed

at the top o the gate so that it’s

inaccessible to children. Never leave a

gate to the pool area propped open.

• Keep the area outside the ence ree

o objects, such as chairs, tables, andbenches, that could help children

climb over the ence and gain access

to the pool.

• Keep rescue equipment, such as a shepherd’s hook, by the pool.

• Keep a telephone and emergency telephone numbers posted near

the pool.

36



• Teach your children how to swim.

Enroll them in swim classes when

they’re approximately 3 years o

age.

• Caregivers and baby-sitters should

learn Basic Lie Support.

• Keep CD players, radios, and other

electrical equipment away rom the

pool.

• Wear proper swimming attire. Never wear long, loose-ftting

clothing, such as an abaya or thobe, in water. Swimming ully

clothed adds a lot o extra weight and can increase your chance o

drowning.

• Always swim with a buddy; never swim alone.

• Swim in supervised areas only.

• Don’t let children with loose, long hair near a pool outlet. Thesuction can cause hair or body entrapment and drowning. Make

sure that they tie their hair up or wear a bathing cap.

• Keep kids out o the pool in a thunderstorm.

Beach saety

I you’re planning a day at the beach,

ollow the guidelines below to ensure

your own and your amily’s saety.

Learn to avoid drowning at the beach

by ollowing these guidelines:

• First and oremost you and your

amily should learn how to swim.

Learning to swim is the best wayto stay sae in and around water.

37



O-Job Saety Booklet

• Pay attention to local weather conditions and orecasts. Stop

swimming at the fst sign o bad weather and return to shore.

•

Always listen to the lieguard’s advice and heed any warnings.• Stay away rom piers, pilings, and diving platorms when in the

water.

• Watch or aquatic lie. Water plants and animals can be

dangerous.

• Don’t try to swim against a current i caught in one. Swim

gradually out o the current by swimming across it.

Stay safe at the shore

• Protect your skin. Limit the amount o direct sunlight you receive

between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., when the sun’s rays are the

strongest and always wear sunscreen with a sun protection actor

(SPF) o at least 15.

• Drink plenty o water regularly and oten, even i you don’t eel

thirsty.

• Wear eye protection. Choose

sunglasses that absorb at

least 90% o ultraviolet (UV)

sunlight.

•

Wear oot protection. Feet canget burned rom the sand or

cut rom broken glass hidden

beneath it.

38



Traic SaetyVehicle saety

Sae driving means driving deensively

to avoid a preventable incident.

Deensive driving can improve

your ability to think, observe,

communicate, coordinate, and

navigate in trafc. Practice thesepreventive measures or sae driving.

Before you start driving make sure that you

• Take proper driving training.

• Obtain a valid Saudi driver’s license.

When preparing to drive make sure that you

• Inspect the vehicle’s saety equipment (e.g., spare tires, headlights

and turn signals).

• Inspect and maintain the vehicle’s

tire pressure per the manuacturer’s

specifcations.

• Adjust your seat so you’re 10 to

15 cm rom the lower rim o the

steering wheel and able to press the

pedals frmly. Sit up straight.

• Fasten your seat belt and make

sure that all passengers are properly

39



O-Job Saety Booklet

restrained, including children with age- and size-appropriate child

restraints.

•

Adjust the rearview and side mirrors.

While driving make sure that you

• Keep constantly alert — look

ahead, in the mirrors, and

over your shoulders or blind

spots — so you’ll have advance

warning o potentially dangeroussituations.

• Watch the car ahead o you — and the car ahead o that one

— to give yoursel extra time to stop.

• Obey all trafc rules and regulations, especially speed limits.

• Never use a cell phone, eat, or drink.

• Never be under the inuence o medications, which can cause

impairment.

• Learn to anticipate potential hazards. For example, a deensive

driver expects the car ollowing the bus to suddenly swerve

around it into his lane.

• Use the horn whenever you’re not sure another driver sees you.

• At night, reduce your speed below the sae daytime speed.

• Day or night reduce speed or hazardous conditions such as bad

or adverse weather, broken pavement, children playing, highway

construction, camel crossings, congested areas, and hills or curves

that limit vision.

• I you’re tired or drowsy, stop and rest.

40



Bicycle saety

Bicycles are a wonderul source o

exercise and un but they’re notwithout danger. Serious incidents

have occurred rom bicycle and

vehicle collisions. The ollowing tips

can help you prevent these types

o incidents:

• Choose a bike that matches

your size and the kind o riding you do. Consider the bicycle’sweight, height, and design.

• Choose a bicycle with saety equipment such as a horn, a bell, a

light in ront, and reectors all around. Consider having a carrier

basket that can help you carry things while leaving both hands

ree to control the bicycle.

•

Always wear a helmet. Buy a helmet that meets or exceedscurrent international saety standards. Make sure that the helmet

fts correctly: it should ft one or two fngers above the eyebrows;

its straps, when strapped, should orm a “V” under the ears and

should eel tight when opening the mouth as wide as possible.

• Repair the bicycle’s broken or worn

parts immediately. Frequently check

to make sure that the reectors areclean and not damaged, the saddle

and handlebars are tight and at the

right height, the tires are frm with

plenty o treads, the brakes work

properly, the wheels are not wobbly,

and the bicycle’s chain is snug and not

damaged.

41



O-Job Saety Booklet

• Obey all trafc rules and regulations when you’re riding your bike.

Remember that on a bicycle you’re more vulnerable to incidents

than a driver inside the steel body o a vehicle.

Keep these additional tips in mind when riding your bicycle

• Avoid busy streets whenever you can.

• Keep your bicycle under control — don’t show o, weave, or race.

• Ride with trafc, not against it. Ride as ar to the right as possible.

•Ride on the street and not the sidewalk, which is meant orpedestrians.

• Watch or parked cars pulling out or car doors opening suddenly.

• Travel in single fle when riding with others and always allow one

ull bike length between bicycles.

• Steer with both hands on the handlebars except to signal when

turning, stopping or leaving the curb.

• Don’t ride double on a bicycle or carry an oversized package,

either o which can block your vision and throw you o balance.

• Come to a complete stop, look, and listen beore entering a street

rom a sidewalk, driveway, or alley. Drivers may not see you.

• When riding at night, wear light-colored or reective clothing.

• Be prepared to brake at intersections; don’t pump the pedals as

you approach. Get o and walk your bike across busy streets,

staying well inside the white lines and crosswalk.

42



Pedestrian saety

Being a pedestrian in trafc puts you at risk. Children rom 1 to 12 years

old are at risk when in trafc. It is your responsibility to teach childrenhow to stay sae. Demonstrate to your children the right way to be sae

pedestrians:

• Never walk between parked cars, jaywalk, or cross against trafc

signals or lights.

• Stay on the sidewalk. I there is no sidewalk, walk on the let

shoulder, as ar to the let as possible, acing the direction o

trafc.

• Beore stepping o a curb, look let, right, and let again or

trafc. Look over your shoulders or vehicles. Make eye contact

with drivers. Just because you see a driver doesn’t mean that the

driver sees you.

• Be alert or turning vehicles.

Never step out in ront o aturning vehicle. Drivers o

turning vehicles are typically

looking or an opening in

trafc and may ail to notice

pedestrians.

• Cross at intersections or

crosswalks, where possible.Obey all trafc signals and

walk signs. Wait until all vehicles stop or clear the intersection

beore stepping o the curb.

• See and be seen. Never dart out into the street. Drivers need to

see you to avoid you. Make eye contact with the driver when

crossing busy streets. Always wear brightly colored or reective

clothing. Consider carrying a ashlight when walking at night.

43



O-Job Saety Booklet

• Look or a car’s reversing

lights when walking

in parking lots or past

driveways. A car’s reverselights will indicate the

vehicle’s direction. Parking

lot incidents happen when

pedestrians don’t see

vehicles that are backing

out or drivers don’t notice

pedestrians beore putting

the car in reverse.

44



Burns

First degree burns

Classifed as minor, they are also

called superfcial burns. This type o

burn aects the outer layer o the

skin, which becomes painul and

red in color. While this type o burn

generally heals well by itsel, your

proper action can help the healing

process.

First Aid Basics

Treatment

• Stop the burning process by cooling the area. Apply a cool, wet

cloth to the burn or immerse the burned area in cool — not ice

— water until the victim no longer eels the pain.

• Don’t apply ointments or

other substances to the

burn but keep it covered

with a sterile, nonadhesive

bandage or clean cloth.

Second degree burns

Also called partial thickness burns, which go deeper into the skin into

the dermis area. This type o burn is generally accompanied by blistering

o the skin, which may leave a scar.

45



O-Job Saety Booklet

Treatment

Although this type o burn is usually

treatable with basic frst aid, a burnedvictim should seek medical attention.

I the burn covers a large area o the

body, cover loosely with dry, sterile

dressing. I the burn is smaller than

the palm o the hand, to treat it you

should:

• Immerse the burned area in cool water until the pain stops.

• Don’t clean it, apply ointment, or break the blisters.

• Treat or shock and elevate the burned area above the level o the

heart.

Third degree burns

Also called total thickness burns,

which penetrate through the layers

o the skin, and may burn muscle and

other tissue. This type o burn can be

lie threatening. The burned area will

appear charred or blackened or white

and leathery.

Treatment

• Call or emergency medical services (in Saudi Aramco

communities, dial 110; in the local communities, dial 997)

immediately.

• While waiting or medical help to arrive, cool the area with water

until the pain stops, then careully remove clothing i it’s not

sticking to the skin. Don’t use ice/ice water.

46



• Cover loosely with dry, sterile

dressings or with a dry clean

sheet i the burn is large. Don’t

clean, apply ointment, or breakblisters.

• Treat or shock and elevate the

burned area above the level o

the heart.

• Monitor the victim’s breathing and administer Basic Lie Support i

necessary and i you’re trained to do so, until emergency services

arrive.

Chemical burns

Should a chemical burn occur,

immediately call 110 or 997. I a

harmul corrosive chemical comes in

contact with the skin, ush the areawith water until emergency medical

services arrive.

Because chemicals may give o umes

— even i you don’t smell them — you should move the victim outdoors

into resh air. Ater ushing the burn with water, cover the area with a

loose, nonstick dressing.

I the burn was the result o contact with a dry chemical or powder,

brush the chemical o with a gloved hand beore ushing the burn with

water or at least 30 minutes.

I the chemical has made contact with the eye, ush the aected eye

immediately with water rom the nose outward until emergency services

arrives.

47



O-Job Saety Booklet

Shock

Always treat a seriously injured person

or shock. Severe shock can cause death.Don’t attempt to give the victim anything

to drink. Seek medical help immediately.

Symptoms o shock

• Pale, cold, clammy skin, mottled in color.

• Weak and shallow or deep but irregular breathing.

• Apathy

• Nausea

Treatment

• I the victim doesn’t have a head and/or neck injury, or broken hip

or leg bones, place the victim on his/her back and elevate the legs

about 30 cm.

• I the victim has a head or neck injury, keep the victim lying at.

Don’t move the victim unless there is immediate danger.

• I the victim vomits, place the victim on one side to let uids drain

rom the mouth.

• I the victim has difculty breathing, place him/her in a

semi-reclining position.

• Cover the victim with a sheet or light blanket.

Choking

Adults who are around children should

get proper training in First Aid to be able

to help children. Proper frst aid training

or choking depends on the age o thechild.

48



For a conscious child older than 1 year of age

Experts recommend abdominal thrusts, oten called the Heimlich

maneuver.To give abdominal thrusts

• Stand behind the victim.

• Wrap your arms around the victim’s waist.

• Make a fst with one hand and place the

thumb side o your fst, just above the

navel and below the breast bone.

• Grab your fst with your hand and give

quick inward and upward thrusts until the

object is orced out or the child becomes

unconscious.

For a conscious infant

Give fve back slaps and fve chest thrusts

To give back slaps

• Grasp the inant’s jaw with your

thumb and fngers.

• Support the back o the inant’s

head and neck.

• Turn the inant over ace down on your orearm, with the inant’s

head lower than his/her chest; rest your orearm on your thigh.

Support the inant’s head and neck by frmly holding the jaw.

• Give fve blows orceully between the shoulder blades.

To give fve chest thrusts

•Sandwich the inant between your orearms. Support the headand neck.

49



O-Job Saety Booklet

• Turn the inant onto his/her back. Rest your orearm on your

thigh. Keep the inant’s head lower than the chest.

•

Place your ring fnger on the inant’s breastbone just belowthe nipple line. Place the middle and index fngers next to the

ring fnger. Remove your ring fnger and compress with your

middle and index fngers. I you eel the notch at the end o the

breastbone, move your fngers slightly up.

• Give fve chest thrusts. Each thrust should be about 0.5 cm deep.

I the inant or child becomes unresponsive, call or emergency medical

services immediately (in Saudi Aramco communities, dial 110; in thelocal communities, dial 997); i you are properly trained, administer Basic

Lie Support techniques.

Poisoning

I a poisoning occurs:

• Stay calm and call thehospital (in Saudi Aramco

communities, dial 110;

in the local communities,

dial 997).

• Report the name o the

product, the amount

o the product that was ingested, the time that the poisoningoccurred, the age and weight o the person who was poisoned,

and the circumstances o the poisoning.

• Follow their instructions.

• Don’t induce vomiting unless told to do so. Vomiting can cause

urther harm i a substance was swallowed.

50



Here are some emergency tips or certain types o

poisonings.

Inhaled poison

• Take the person to resh air immediately, i the scene is sae.

• Open doors and windows.

• I the person is not breathing and you are properly trained, begin

Basic Lie Support.

Poison in the eye

• Wash the eyes outward with running lukewarm water or 15

minutes continuously.

• Ask the person to blink as much as possible to assist in irrigating

the eye.

• Don’t attempt to orce the eyelids open.

Poison on the skin

• Remove all clothing that’s contaminated and begin to wash the

skin with running water or 15 minutes.

Emergency action steps

51

1. Check the scene and the victim

Make sure the scene is sae or you

and any bystanders. Then check to

see i the victim is conscious. Tap

him/her on the shoulder and shout:

“Are you ok?”



O-Job Saety Booklet

2. Call

I the victim doesn’t respond, call the emergency medical services (EMS)

system at once, or have someone call (in Saudi Aramco communities,dial 110; in the local communities, dial 997) or do it yoursel i nobody is

available.

3. Care

l. Position i necessary

• I the victim is ace down and you can’t tell whether or not he/she

is breathing, position him/her on his/her back by kneeling acing

the victim’s hips and shoulders.

• Straighten his/her legs

and move the arm closer

to you above his/her

head, the other arm

along his/her body.

• Place one hand under his/her head and neck and the other hand

on his/her hip. Roll the victim toward you as a single unit.

• Place the victim’s arm which is urther rom you alongside his/her

body.

ll. Do the primary care

A. Open the airway

Place one hand on the victim’s orehead and two fngers o the

other hand under the bony part o the chin.

Tilt the head and lit the chin. Avoid closing the victim’s mouth or

pushing on the sot part under the chin.

52



B. Check or breathing

Place your ear over the victim’s

mouth and nose.Look at the chest, listen and

eel or breathing or fve to

ten seconds. I there is no

breathing, give two slow

breaths (1 second each breath).

Cover the victim’s mouth with your lips and make a tight seal,

pinch the nose shut and blow slowly or 1 ½ to 2 seconds. Pausebetween breaths to let air ow out.

Watch the victim’s chest rise each time you breathe to make sure

your breaths are going in.

C. I no response, start Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

CPR is a two minute cycle o 30 chest compressions and twobreaths repeated 5 times. Continue perorming CPR until the

victim starts to breathe on his/her own or until emergency medical

services arrives.

For more inormation on emergency action steps, Consult the SAMSO’s

Health Education’s Basic Lie Support (BLS) and Standard First Aid (SFA)

Booklet.

First aid kits

A well-stocked frst aid kit, kept

within easy reach, is a necessity in

every home. Having supplies gathered

ahead o time will help you handle an

emergency at a moment’s notice. You

should keep one frst aid kit in your

home and one in each car. Also be

53



O-Job Saety Booklet

sure to bring a frst aid kit on amily vacations. Include the ollowing in

each o your frst aid kits:

•

Sterile gauze• Adhesive tape

• Adhesive bandages in several sizes

• Elastic bandage

• Antiseptic wipes

•

Antibiotic cream• Antiseptic solution (like hydrogen peroxide)

• Hydrocortisone cream (1%)

• Acetaminophen and ibuproen

• Tweezers

•

Sharp scissors

• Saety pins

• Disposable instant cold packs

• Calamine lotion

• Alcohol wipes or ethyl alcohol

• Thermometer

• Plastic gloves (at least 2 pairs)

• Flashlight and extra batteries

• First aid manual

54



Emergency numbers

Local communities

Ambulance 997

Fire/Civil Deense 998

Local Police & Security 999

Trafc Accident 993

Saudi Aramco communities

Ambulance/Fire/Security 110

By mobile phone:

03-872-0110 (Central Area)

03-572-0110 (Southern Area)

03-673-0110 (Northern Area)

01-285-0110 (Central Region)

02-427-0110 (Western Region)

55



Documents

Off JobSafetyBooklet