OnCursingOnCursingOnCursingOnCursingYazdb.MuwiyahYazdb.MuwiyahYazdb.MuwiyahYazdb.MuwiyahImmIbnImmIbnImmIbnImmIbnajaralajaralajaralajaral----HaytamHaytamHaytamHaytam1

TranslatedbySidiAbuHasanReleasedbywww.marifah.net1428H

KnowthattheAhlal-SunnahdifferedinthematteroftherulinguponYazd,thesonofMuwiyah and his successor. That he was a disbeliever [takfr] is the opinion of thegrandsonofIbnal-Jawz[Sib3ibnal-Jawz]andothersandthat:When the blessed head of Immusayn was brought to him,Yazd assembled thepeopleofShmandrappedatitwithastickandutteredthefamouslinesofZabar:

laytaashykhibibadrinshahid2

Headded somemore lines to theabovewhichareexplicit inapostacy. Ibnal-Jawz asreportedbyhisgrandsonsaid:

It is not surprising that IbnZiydmurderedusayn; it is rather surprisingthat he humiliatedusayn and rapped upon his front teeth and lipswith acane;andhisforcingtheblessedprogenyoftheProphettoridebareheadedoncamelsandhementionedmanyotherugly things thatare famousaboutYazd.andthathesenttheblessedhead[ofImmusayn]backtoMadinahanditssmelltransformed.

[Ibnal-Jawz]thensaid,

Hissolepurposewastodisplaythe[blessed]headandcauseascandal.It ispermissibletowash,shroudandprayevenuponthecorpsesofKhawrijandotherrebels,andburythem[inMuslimgraveyards].Ifhe[Yazd]didnothavethegrudgeofpagantimesandthespiteofBadr inhisheart,hewouldhaverespectedtheblessedheadofImmusaynwhenitreachedhimandthen

1Excerptedfrom:Al->awyiqal-Mu@riqahbyImmIbnajaral-Haytam[ChapterElevenpg.270]2 laytaashykhbibadrinshahid: were it thatmy forefathers[infidelswhoperished] inBadrwitnessedthis;jazalkhazrajiminwaqayilasal:thewailsofKhazrajonourgettingevenwiththem

washed it, shrouded it and buried it. He would have behaved respectfullytowardstheblessedprogenyoftheProphetandbeenkindtothem.[EndofIbnal-Jawzscommentsreportedfromhisgrandson.]

Another group says: He is not a kfir because the reasons to rule one a kfir are notprovenforhimandwehavenoevidenceforthesame.Thefundamentalruleisthatheremainsamuslimunlessthereiscompellingproofthatmakeshimanapostate.TherearefamousreportsaboutYazdcontradictingthosewhichhavebeenmentionedabove.ItissaidthatwhentheblessedheadofImmusaynreachedhim,hesaid:MayAllahhavemercy on you O usayn. The man who murdered you did not recognize the right ofkinship.HerejectedIbnZiyd[andhisactions]andsaid:Hehasplantedmyhateintheheart of every good and bad until doomsday. He then sent the women of usaynshouseholdandtheblessedheadwiththemtoMadinahforaburial.Obviously, anything in the above two positions cannot be proven. Yet basically, he isconsideredaMuslim.Sowemust take this fundamentalpreceptandexamineanythingthat makes him go out of Islam. Therefore a group of researchers said that the mostaccuratepositioninthisissueistotarryuponhisstateandsurrender[tafwC]themattertoAllhbecauseHeknowsofthemysterious,thecovert, thesecretsthatarehiddenandthatwhichisconcealedinthehearts.Wedonotproposeforhisapostasyandthisismost accurate and the safest path. Yet, in spite of his being a Muslim, he was atransgressor,asinner,acriminal,adrunkandatyrant.TheProphetforetoldthisasreportedintheMusnadofAbuYalthoughitisaweakreportfromAbuUbaydahthatRaslAllhsaid:

The affairs of my ummah shall not be fissured until a man from the BanUmayyahnamedYazdshallcleaveit

Ruyan reported inhisMusnad fromAbDarda thathesaid: Iheard theProphetsay:

The first person to transmogrify my tradition is a man from the BanUmayyah,whoshallbecalledYazd

InthesetwohadiththereisproofthatthekhilafahorruleofMuwiyahisnotsimilartothatofhis sonorother successorsofBanUmayyah.Because theProphet foretoldthatthefirstonetocauseasplit intheaffairsofhisnationandtransmutehis traditionwould be Yazd; so, it is understood that Muwiyah did not alter the tradition of theProphetnordisunitedthenationithasbeendescribedearlierthathewasamujtahid.ThispositionisaidedbytheactionsofwhattherightlyguidedImm3didasdescribedbyIbn Srn and others that: someone attacked Muwiyah in the presence of Umar ibn

3 the phrase used is al-Imam al-Mahdi: lexically, it means the rightly guided imam; there is a cleverundertonetotheusage.IbnSrnisreportedtohavesaidthattheMahdimentionedintheHadithisnoneotherthanUmaribnAbdal-Azz.

Abdal-Azz, sohe lashed him thrice alongwith another person for callingYazd, hisson,astheLeaderofBelievers4,whowaslashedtwenty.Soponderonthehugedifferencebetweenthetwo[fatherandson].AbHurayrahhadthisknowledgeinformedbytheProphetonthatwhichshallcometopassconcerningYazd.Thereforeheusedtopray:OAllahIseekyourrefugefromtheheadof[theyear]Sixtyandtheruleofyouth5Allhacceptedhisprayerandhepassedawayintheyearfiftynine;thedeathofMuwiyahandthesuccessionofYazdisintheyearsixty.Thus,AbHurayrahknewaboutthesuccessionofYazd inthatyearhencehesoughtrefugefrom the evil of that year.Heknew theugliness of these events because theTrueandVeritableProphethadinformedhimoftheseevents.Nawfal ibn Abu Furt said: I was with Umar ibn Abd al-Azz and a man said: TheLeaderofBelievers,Yazd thesonofMuwiyahsaid.. Umarremarked: Didyou sayYazd,theLeaderofBelievers?Andheorderedthispersontobelashedtwentytimes.HisextravaganceinsinningterrorizedthepeopleofMadinah.WqidreportsinachainfromAbdullhibnHanNalah,thesonofal-Ghasl6:ByAllh!WedidnotgooutwithYazdexcept fearing that stonesmay rain from theheavens.Becausehewasapersonwhomarried the bondswoman-mothers 7 and his own sisters and daughters and drankwineandforsookprayer.Dhahabsays:WhenYazddealtwiththepeopleofMadinahinthemannerhedid,alongwithhisdrinkingwineandcommittingsins,thepeoplerevoltedandmanyrebelled;Allahdidnotgivehimabounteouslife.Afterwhathedidintheyear63andthisreachedthepeopleofMadinah,theywentoutagainsthimandtoousthim;Yazdsentahugearmywithorderstoexterminatethem[thenoblerebels].OntheoutskirtsofTaybahthebattleofarrahtookplace,andhowcanonedescribetheeventofarrah!asan8mentioneditonceandsaid:Itwasnighthatnoneinthatbattlewouldsurvive;agreathostofSahabahandothersweremartyredinthisbattle.WebelongtoAllahAloneandtoAllahisourreturn.Even though they9 are allunanimous thathewasa fsiq, a transgressor, a sinner; theydifferedwhetheritispermissibletocursehimspecificallybyhisname.Somehavepermittedit,likeIbnal-JawziwhoreportsfromImmA@madandothersinhisbooknamed:Al-Raddalaal-MutaSSibal-Andal-MniylimanDhammaYazd10:

4Amral-Muminn,thetitlegiventotheMuslimruler.5allahummainnadhubikaminraasissittnwaimratisSibyn6al-Ghaslisthetitlegiventothemartyredcompanionwhosemartyredbodywaswashedbytheangels.Abdullhinquestionhere,ishisson.7 umm walad means the mother of the child; if the bondswoman becomes the mother of the child, shebecomesfreeuponthedeathofhermasteranditisillegaltosellher.Thewordusedisummhtal-awld.8mostlikelyImamasanal-BaSr9thatisallgroups[regardingYazd]amongtheAhlal-Sunnah.

AquestioneraskedmeaboutYazd, thesonofMuwiyah.Isaid: Whathedid, is sufficient for him.He asked: Is it permissible to curse him? I said:ScrupulousandpiousscholarshavepermitteditamongwhomisA@madibnanbalbecausehementionedYazdandhesaidmayhebeaccursed.

Ibn al-Jawz then reports from QC Ab Yal that he reported it in his book Al-Mutamadthroughthechainreachingupto>lihibnA@madibnanbalthathesaid:

Isaidtomyfather[A@madibnHanbal]thatpeoplesaythatwe loveYazd.He said: My son. Does anyone who believes in Allh bear love for Yazd?Andwhyshouldonehesitatetosendcursesonhim,hewhohasbeencursedbyAllhinHisBook?Isaid,WheredidAllahcurseYazdinHisBook?Hereplied: Then,do you expect that if youwere given the ruleof the land toThen,do you expect that if youwere given the ruleof the land toThen,do you expect that if youwere given the ruleof the land toThen,do you expect that if youwere given the ruleof the land tocauseevilandmischiefonearthandseverethebondsofkinship?Thesearecauseevilandmischiefonearthandseverethebondsofkinship?Thesearecauseevilandmischiefonearthandseverethebondsofkinship?Thesearecauseevilandmischiefonearthandseverethebondsofkinship?ThesearetheoneswhomAllhhascursedandmadethemdeafandbltheoneswhomAllhhascursedandmadethemdeafandbltheoneswhomAllhhascursedandmadethemdeafandbltheoneswhomAllhhascursedandmadethemdeafandblindedtheirsightindedtheirsightindedtheirsightindedtheirsight11. [Imm A@mad said]: Is there any mischief or evil greater than thismurder?In another report, he said: My son! What can I say about that man whomAllhhascursedinHisBookandthenmentionedtheverse[above].

Ibnal-Jawzsaid:

QC Ab Yal wrote a book on those who deserve to be accursed andmentioned Yazd as one of them. He then quoted the adth: Whosovercaused fear for the people of Madinah and oppressed them, Allh shallmakehimafraid;andthedamnationofAllh,Hisangelsandallthepeoplebeupon him. Nobody disputes the fact that Yazd fought with the people ofMadinahandsentanarmythatterrorizedthepeopleofMadinah.[EndofIbnal-Jawzscomment]

The adth mentioned above has been reported in Muslim. The army sent by Yazdkilledand terrorizedtheresidentsofMadinah; theycommittedatrocitiesandMadinahwaspillagedfreely;thisiswellknown.Theyweresohorrificthatmorethan300virginswereviolatedandabout thesamenumberof companionswerekilledalongwithabout700peoplewhowererecitersoftheQurn.Madinahwaspillagedwithoutrestraintandthe congregation [jamah] in the Prophets Mosque was abandoned for many days.Nobodycouldentertheholymosque;dogsandwolvesenteredthemosqueandurinatedon the blessed pulpit of RaslAllh . This came true just as it was foretold byRaslAllh.

10Al-Raddalaal-MutaSSibal-AndAl-Mniy limanDhammaYazid :Refutationof theAdamantBigotwhoPreventspeoplefromcondemningYazd.11 fa hal asaytum in tawallaytum an tufsid fil arCi wa tuqa33i ar@makum. ulyikal ladhnalanahumullhfaaSammahumwaamabSrahum.[srahMu@ammad,v.22-23]

The commander of that army spared no quarter and hewas pleasedwith nothing lessthan swearing allegiance to Yazd on the pain of slavery, that if he [Yazd] wished hecouldmanumitthemorifhewishedhecouldsellthem.OneoftheMedinianssworeontheBookandSunnahorRaslAllh.Thecommandersmotehisneck.Thiswaswhathappenedintheeventofarrah.Thisarmy thenproceeded to [Makkah to] fight Ibnal-Zubayr.Theysurrounded itandbeganpeltingstonesontheholyKabahwithcatapults;andthentheyburneddowntheKabah 12. What can be worse or more depraved than these evil and horrendous actswhich were committed in his [Yazd] time and by his orders?Thisisafulfillingoftheprophecydescribedintheadth:Theaffairsofmynationshallbe steadfast and firm until they are split asunder by a man in Ban Umayyah namedYazd.Someotherssaidthatit isnotpermissibletocursehimbecausewehaveno[definitive]proofthatnecessitatesit.ImmGhazlruleditthusandhewrotealengthyjustification;thisisinaccordancewiththeprinciplesofourImms[Shfis]whowroteclearlythatitisnot permissible to curse a person specifically by his name, except those who areconfirmedtohavediedaskfir.Like,AbJahlandAbLahabetc.As for those whom we do not know for certain if that they died as kfirs, it is notpermissible to curse them. It is not permissible to curse even those disbelievers in thepresentwhoareinimical[toMuslims].Becausedamnation[laan]meanstoberejectedfromtheMercyofAllhandtodespair.Onlythosewhocanknow[withcertainty]thattheperson diedas adisbeliever can say so; and thosewhodont, cannot.Because it isquitepossiblethatadisbelievermightdieuponIslminhislastbreath.If you understand this, youwill see that [it is therefore] theymade it impermissible tocurseYazd,eventhoughhewasatransgressor,asinnerandafilthyperson.Even if we suppose that he [truly] ordered the assassination of usayn and he waspleasedwiththemurderitisafilthythingunlessheconsidereditasapermissibleact.Even ifyouextrapolate itwitherroneousreasoning, it is still remainsanenormity;notdisbelief,thatheorderedthemurderandwaspleasedwiththeact.Thereisnoauthenticevidencethatheorderedthemurder.Rather, theoppositeof it [thathedisavowed themurder]hasbeen reportedas Ihavedescribedearlier.AsfortheproofgivenbyImmA@madthatitispermissibletocursehimusingtheverseTheyarethosewhomAllhhasdamnedTheyarethosewhomAllhhasdamnedTheyarethosewhomAllhhasdamnedTheyarethosewhomAllhhasdamned[mentionedearlier];andtheevidenceusedbyothers from the adth of Muslim that RaslAllh said: Whosoever terrorized the

12TheroofofKabahwasmadeofwoodandtheybombeditwithfire-ladenstones.

residents of Madinah..: There is no proof in it to curse Yazd specifically and by hisname.Ifonesays,hewasamong those [whodeserveddamnation] then there isnodisputeaslong as it is not specifically by his name. Therefore it is unanimously agreed that it ispermissibletosenddamnationuponthemurdererofusaynoranyonewhoorderedhismurderorpermitteditorwaspleasedwithitwithoutmentioningthenameofYazd.Justlikeit ispermissibletosenddamnationupononewhodrinkswinewithoutnaminganyonespecifically.Thisishowitisintheverseandthetradition.Becausethedamnationthereisnotspecificandforaperson,butratheritisgenericforonewhocutsthebondsofkinshipandonewhoterrorizesthepeopleofMadinah.Itisunanimouslypermittedbecauseitisgenericandnotspecific.Then,howcanImmA@madorothersusethisasanevidencetocurseapersonbyhisname?Tosummarize,itisnotpermissibletocurseYazdspecificallyandbyhisname;andthereisnoproofintheBookortraditiontodoso[cursebythename].Ibn>al@isamongthegreatestandprominentimamsof[Shfi]fiqhandadth.Ihaveseenhis fatw inwhichhewasaskedabout sendingdamnationuponYazdbecauseheorderedthemurderofAl-usayn.

[He answered:] We have no evidence that he ordered the assassination ofImmusayn.Thatwhichispreservedisthatthepersonwhoorderedthemurder of Imm usayn may Allh honor him was Ubaydullh ibnZiyd and he was in Iraq at that time. It has been reported in adth thatcursingaMuslim is likekillinghim.ThemurdererofImmusaynwillnotbe ruled a disbeliever on account of this deed; rather, he committed anegregiousactandanenormity.Onlythemurdererofprophetswillberuledanapostate[notanyoneelse].ConcerningYazd,therearethreegroups:

1. Peoplewholovehimandpatronizehim;

2. Peoplewhocursehimandrevilehim;

3. Themoderateamongthese,whoneitherlovehimnordamnhimandconsider him [Yazd] like other kings in Islm and the unrighteouskhalfahs.13

This[third]groupisthecorrectoneandisthepath[madhhab]ofthosewhoarewellversedinhistoryandknowtheprinciplesof thePureSharah.MayAllhmakeusamong thebestand therighteousones in thispath. [EndofwhatIbn>al@said,quotedverbatim.]

13Thoserulerswhohavebeendepravedanddebauched;examplesabound inhistoryandpresent in thisage.Butwecannotsaythatalloftheserulersbecamekfirunlessthereishardevidence.

InthebookAl-Anwr,byoneofourlatterdayimams:Rebelsareneithertransgressorsnordisbelievers.Theyaremerelymistakeninwhattheyhavechosenandfollow;itisnotpermissibletorevile[3aan]Muwiyahbecauseheisamongtheprominentcompanions[kibral-Sa@bah];neitherisitpermissibletocurseYazd,norrulehimkfir,becauseheis considered among the group of Muslims. And what he did or [deserves for that] issurrenderedtoAllhsWishwhethertopunishhimorpardonhim.ThatiswhatGhazlandMutawallhavesaid.