oN THI dh THEO CD

8/9/2019 oN THI dh THEO CD

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N THI I HC THEO CH CHNG I. ESTE - LIPIT

A- MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG

1. Khi nim v dn xut ca axit cacboxylic

- Dn xut ca axit cacboxylic l nhng sn phm to ra khi thay th nhm hiroxyl -OHtrong nhm cacboxyl -COOH bng nguyn t hay nhm nguyn t khc: -COOH -COZ (viZ: OR', NH2, OCOR, halogen, )

- Este l dn xut ca axit cacboxylic. Khi thay th nhm OH nhm cacboxyl ca axitcacboxylic bng nhm OR' th c este.

- Halogenua axit (quan trng nht l clorua axit RCOCl). to ra halogenua axit c thdng cc tc nhn nh PCl5 (photpho pentaclorua), PCl3 (photpho triclorua), COCl2 (photgen),SOCl2 (thionyl clorua),

RCOOH + PCl5RCOCl + POCl3 + HCl3RCOOH + PCl33RCOCl + H3PO3

RCOOH + SOCl2RCOCl + SO2 + HClRCOOH + COCl2RCOCl + CO2 + HCl

- Anhirit axit, c 2 loi: i xng (dng (RCO)2O hoc (ArCO)2O; gi tn bng cch thay taxit bng anhirit (CH3CO)2O l anhirit axetic), v khng cn i (sinh ra t hai axitmonocacboxylic khc nhau nh CH3CO-O-OCC6H5; gi tn bng t anhirit cng vi tn ca haiaxit - anhirit axetic benzoic).

to thnh anhirit axit c th s dng nhiu phng php khc nhau nh dng tc nhn htnc P2O5 hay tc dng ca nhit,

2. Cng thc tng qut ca este

a/ Trng hp n gin: l este khng cha nhm chc no khc, ta c cc cng thc nh sau :

- To bi axit cacboxylic n chc RCOOH v ancol n chc R'OH: RCOOR'.- To bi axit cacboxylic a chc R(COOH)a v ancol n chc R'OH: R(COOR')a.- To bi axit cacboxylic n chc RCOOH v ancol a chc R'(OH)b: (RCOO)bR'.- To bi axit cacboxylic a chc R(COOH)a v ancol a chc R'(OH)b: Rb(COO)abR'a.Trong , R v R' l gc hirocacbon (no, khng no hoc thm); trng hp c bit, R c th

l H ( l este ca axit fomic H-COOH).

b/ Trng hp phc tp: l trng hp este cn cha nhm OH (hiroxi este) hoc este cncha nhm COOH (este - axit) hoc cc este vng ni phn t Este trong trng hp ny sphi xt c th m khng th c CTTQ chung c. V d vi glixerol v axit axetic c th c cchiroxi este nh HOC3H5(OOCCH3)2 hoc (HO)2C3H5OOCCH3; hoc vi axit oxalic v metanol

c th c este - axit l HOOC-COOCH3.c/ Cng thc tng qut dng phn t ca este khng cha nhm chc khc

Nn s dng CTTQ dng n 2n + 2 2 2aC H O (trong n l s cacbon trong phn t este n 2,

nguyn; l tng s lin kt v s vng trong phn t 1, nguyn; a l s nhm chceste a 1, nguyn), vit phn ng chy hoc thit lp cng thc theo phn trm khi lng canguyn t c th.

3. Tnh cht ho hc ca estea/ Phn ng thu phn este

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Tnh cht ho hc quan trng nht ca este l phn ng thu phn. S thu phn este ( vc bn, cha xt cc trng hp c bit) l :

C O + H OH

H+, to

C O H +

(este) (nc) (axit)

(ancol)Thu phn chnh l qu trnh nghch ca ca phn ng este ho .

Phn ng thu phn c th xy ra trong mi trng axit hoc mi trng baz.- Phn ng thu phn trong mi trng kim c gi lphn ng x phng ho.

c im ca phn ng thu phn este:

- Phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch. Sn phm ca phnng trong iu kin ny lun c axit cacboxylic. chuyn dch cn bng v pha to axit vancol, ta dng lng d nc.

- Phn ng thu phn este khng nhng thun nghch m cn rt chm. tng tc phnng thu phn ta un nng hn hp phn ng vi vi cht xc tc axit (H2SO4, HCl).

- Phn ng xphng ho ch xy ra mt chiu, sn phm thu c lun c mui ca axitcacboxylic.

C O + OH- to

C O- +

(este) (kim) (mui) (ancol, phenol, anehit )b/ Phn ng ca gc hirocacbon

Este khng no (este ca axit khng no hoc ancol khng no) c kh nng tham giaphn ngcngvphn ng trng hp y l tnh cht do lin kt quy nh (tng t nh hirocacbontng ng). Mt s phn ng thuc loi ny c ng dng quan trng l :

- Phn ng chuyn ho du (cht bo lng) thnh m (cht bo rn)(C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3H2

0Ni, t , p (C17H35COO)3C3H5(Triolein)

(Tristearin)- Phn ng trng hp vinyl axetat thnh poli(vinyl axetat)

CH2 CH OCOCH3xt, to, p CH CH2

OCOCH3nn

- Trng hp metyl metacrylat thnh poli(metyl metacrylat) thu tinh hu c plexiglas).

nCH2 CH COOCH3CH3

xt, to, p

metyl metacrylat poli(metyl metacrylat) (PMM)

CH CH2

CH3

COOCH3n

- Phn ng trng gng ca este ca axit fomic (xem li anehit).4. Phn ng kh este bi lti-nhm hirua LiAlH4 thnh ancol bc I

RCOOR' 4+3

1) LiAlH

2) H O RCH2OH + R'OH

(Ch : anhirit axit, halogenua axit cng b lti-nhm hirua kh tng t).

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5.Mt s phn ng thu phn c bit ca esteCn c vo s phn ng x phng ho hay phn ng thu phn este ta c th cn c

vo sn phm to thnh suy on cu to ca este ban u.Khng nht thit sn phm cui cng phi c ancol, tu thuc vo vic nhm OH nh

vo gc hirocacbon c cu to nh th no m s c cc phn ng tip theo xy ra c snphm cui cng hon ton khc nhau, hoc na l do cu to bt thng ca este gy nn.

Mt s trng hp thu phn c bit ca este (khng cha halogen) thng gp trong biton nh lng l : Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 anehit

Este n chc c gc ancol dng cng thc R-CH=CH-Th d CH3COOCH=CH-CH3 Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 xeton

Este n chc vi dng cng thc R COO C(R)=C(R)RTh d : CH3-COO-C(CH3)= CH2 to axeton khi thu phn. Este + NaOH 1 mui + 1 ancol + H2O

Este- axit : HOOC-R-COOR

Este + NaOH 2 mui + H2OEste ca phenol: C6H5OOC-R

Este + NaOH 1 mui + anehit + H2O Hiroxi- este: RCOOCH(OH)-R

Este + NaOH 1 mui + xeton + H2OHiroxi- este: RCOOC(R)(OH)-R

Este + NaOH 1 sn phm duy nhthoc m RN = mESTE + mNaOH.Este vng (c to bi hiroxi axit)

R C

CH

3CH C

Este + NaOH C MSP = MEste + MNaOHy chnh l este vng nhng c nhn di gc khc m thi

CH3 CH C O + NaOHto CH3 CH C

Ch cc kt lun in nghingngay di mi trng hp trn y ch l mt th d ngin nht, cc em ch c vn dng khi khng c du hiu cho php xc nh c th s nhmchc este trc .

6. Mt s phng php iu ch estea/ Phn ng ca ancol vi axit cacboxylic v dn xut nh clorua axit, anhirit axit, to ra este.

- Phn ng ca ancol vi axit cacboxylic (xem axit).RCOOH + R'OH

+ 0H , t RCOOR' + H2O

- Phn ng ca ancol vi anhirit axit hoc clorua axit th phn ng xy ra nhanh hn v mtchiu (khng thun nghch nh khi tc dng vi axit)

(CH3CO)2O + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + CH3COOHCH3COCl + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + HCl

b/ Phn ng ca phenol vi anhirit axit hoc clorua axit (phenol khng tc dng vi axitcacboxylic) to este ca phenol.

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V d: phn ng to phenyl axetat(CH3CO)2O + C6H5OH CH3COOC6H5 + CH3COOHCH3COCl + C6H5OH CH3COOC6H5 + HCl

c/ Phn ng cng vo hirocacbon khng no ca axit cacboxylicV d: phn ng to vinyl axetat

CH3COOH + CH CH0

xt, t CH3COOCH=CH2

d/ Phn ng ankyl halogenua v mui bc hay cacboxylat ca kim loi kimRCOOAg + R'I RCOOR' + AgIRCOONa + R I RCOOR' + NaI

7. Lipit

- Lipit l nhng hp cht hu c c trong t bo sng. Lipit bao gm cht bo, sp, sterit,photpholipit, hu ht chng u l cc este phc tp.- Cht bo l trieste ca glixerol vi cc axit monocacboxylic c s chn nguyn t C (thng t12C n 24C) khng phn nhnh, gi chung l triglixerit. Khi thu phn cht bo th thu cglixerol v axit bo.

- Khi un nng cht bo vi dung dch kim th to ra glixerol v hn hp mui ca cc axit bo.Mui natri (hoc kali) ca cc axit bo chnh l x phng.

Phn ng ca cht bo vi cht kim c gi l phn ng x phng ho. Phn ng x phngho xy ra nhanh hn phn ng thu phn trong mi trng axit v khng thun nghch.- Ch s axit: l s mg KOH cn trung ho axit bo t do c trong 1g cht bo.- Ch s x phng ho l tng s mg KOH cn x phng ho glixerit v trung ho axit bo tdo c trong 1g cht bo.- Ch s iot: l s gam iot c th cng hp vo cc lin kt bi c trong 100g cht bo.8. X phng v cht ty ra tng hp

B - MT S PHN NG HO HC THNG GP

1. RCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH0t RCOONa + CH3CHO

2. RCOOC6H5 + 2NaOH0t RCOONa + C6H5ONa + H2O

3. C3H5(OOCR)3 + 3NaOH0t 3 RCOONa + C3H5(OH)3

4. bR(COOH)a + aR'(OH)b+ 0H , t Rb(COO)abR'a + abH2O

5. (C17H35COO)3C3H5 + 3KOH0t C17H35COOK + C3H5(OH)3

6. 3CH3COOH + PCl33CH3COCl + H3PO37. 3CH3COOH + POCl3

0t 3CH3COCl + H3PO4

8. CH3COONa(r) + NaOH(r)0CaO, t

CH4 + Na2CO39. CH3CH2COOH + Br2

0photpho, t CH3CHBrCOOH + HBr

10. CH3-CO-CH3 + HCN (CH3)2C(OH)CN11. (CH3)2C(OH)CN + 2H2O (CH3)2C(OH)COOH + NH312. R-Cl + KCN R-CN + KCl13. R-CN + 2H2O R-COOH + NH314. C6H5-CH(CH3)2

2+

2

1) O

2) H O, H C6H5OH + CH3COCH3

15. RCOONa + HCl (dd long) RCOOH + NaCl

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16. 2CH3COONa(r) + 4O20tNa2CO3 + 3CO2 + 3H2O

17. CxHy(COOM)a + O20t M2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

(s phn ng t chy muicacboxylat).18. RCOOC(CH3)=CH2 + NaOH

0t RCOONa + CH3COCH3

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C- BI TP TRC NGHIMI BI TP C BNCu 1.1 Khi un hn hp gm etanol v axit axetic (c mt H2SO4 c lm xc tc), c th thuc este c tn l

A. ietyl ete. B. Etyl axetat.C. Etyl fomiat. D. Etyl axetic.

Cu 1.2 C cc nhn nh sau : (1) Este l sn phm ca phn ng gia axit v ancol; (2) Este lhp cht hu c trong phn t c nhm COO- ; (3) Este no, n chc, mch h c cng thcphn t CnH2nO2 , vi n 2 ; (4) Hp cht CH3COOC2H5 thuc loi este; (5) Sn phm ca phnng gia axit v ancol l este. Cc nhn nh ng l

A. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5). B. (1), (3), (4), (5).C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (3), (4), (5).

Cu 1.3 Xt cc nhn nh sau: (1) Trong phn ng este ho, axit sunfuric va lm xc tc va ctc dng ht nc, do lm tng hiu sut to este;(2) Khng th iu ch c vinyl axetat bng cch un si hn hp ancol v axit c axit H 2SO4c lm xc tc; (3) iu ch este ca phenol khng dng axit cacboxylic thc hin phnng vi phenol; (4) Phn ng este ho l phn ng thun - nghch. Cc nhn nh ng gm

A. ch (4). B. (1) v (4).C. (1), (3), v (4). D. (1), (2), (3), (4).

Cu 1.4 Hn hp X gm 2 este mch h E (C5H6O4) v F (C4H6O2). un hn hp X vi dungdch NaOH d, sau c cn dung dch, thu cht rn Y. Nung Y vi NaOH (c mt CaO) thc mt cht kh l CH4. Vy cng thc cu to ca E v F l

A. HOOCCH = CH COOCH3 v CH3OOC CH = CH2.B. HOOC COO CH2 CH = CH2 v H COO CH2 CH = CH2.C. HOOC CH = CH COO CH3 v CH2 = CH COO CH3.D. HOOC CH2 COO CH = CH2 v CH3 COO CH = CH2.

Cu 1.5 Tng s lin kt v s vng trong phn t este (khng cha nhm chc no khc) tobi glixerol v axit benzoic l

A. 3. B. 4.C. 14. D. 15.

Cu 1.6 ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2, s tn ti cc este vi tn gi : (1) etyl axetat; (2)metyl propionat; (3) metyl iso-propylonat; (4) propyl fomiat; (5) iso-propyl fomiat. Cc tn ging ng vi este c th c ca cng thc phn t cho l

A. (1), (2), (4), (5). B. (1), (3), (4), (5).C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (2), (3), (4), (5).

Cu 1.7 Phn ng thu phn ca este trong mi trng axit (1) v mi trng baz (2) khc nhau cc im : a/ (1) thun nghch, cn (2) ch mt chiu; b/ (1) to sn phm axit, cn (2) to snphm mui; c/ (1) cn un nng, cn (2) khng cn un nng. Nhn xt ng l

A. a, b. B. a, b, c.

C. a, c. D. b, c.Cu 1.8 Cng thc tng qut ca este to bi mt axit cacboxylic v mt ancol l

A. CnH2nO2. B. RCOOR.C. CnH2n 2O2. D. R b(COO)abRa.

Cu 1.9 Cng thc tng qut ca este to bi mt axit cacboxylic no n chc v mt ancol non chc (c axit v ancol u mch h) l

A. CnH2n+2O2. B. CnH2n 2O2.C. CnH2nO2. D. CnH2n + 1COOCmH2m +1.

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Cu 1.10 Este ca glixerol vi axit cacboxylic (RCOOH) c mt s hc sinh vit nh sau: (1)(RCOO)3C3H5; (2) (RCOO)2C3H5(OH); (3) (HO)2C3H5OOCR; (4) (ROOC)2C3H5(OH); (5)C3H5(COOR)3. Cng thc vit ng l

A. ch c (1). B. ch c (5).C. (1), (5), (4). D. (1), (2), (3).

Cu 1.11 Cng thc tng qut ca este thun chc to bi ancol no hai chc v axit khng no c

mt ni i, ba chc lA. CnH2n - 10O6. B. CnH2n -16O12.C. CnH2n - 6O4. D. CnH2n - 18O12.

Cu 1.12 Trong s cc phn ng c th c ca este gm: (1) phn ng trng hp; (2) phn ngcng; (3) phn ng thu phn; (4) phn ng oxi ha, phn ng c trng cho mi este l

A. (1). B. (4).C. (3). D. (3) v (4).

Cu 1.13 Nhng pht biu sau y : (1) Cht bo khng tan trong nc; (2) Cht bo khng tantrong nc, nh hn nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c; (3) Du n v m bi trn ccng thnh phn nguyn t; (4) Cht bo l este ca glixerol v axit hu c. Cc pht biu ngl

A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2).C. (1), (2), (4). D. (2), (3), (4).

Cu 1.14 Trong thnh phn ca mt s loi sn c trieste ca glixerol vi axit linoleicC17H31COOH v axit linolenic C17H29COOH. S lng cng thc cu to ca cc trieste c th ctrong loi sn ni trn l

A. 6. B. 18.C. 8. D. 12.

Cu 1.15 Este mch h, n chc cha 50%C (v khi lng) c tn gi lA. etyl axetat. B. vinyl axtetat.C. metyl axetat. D. vinyl fomiat.

Cu 1.16 Este X (C8H8O2) tc dng vi lng d dung dch KOH thu c 2 mui hu c v

H2O. X c tn gi lA. metyl benzoat. B. benzyl fomiat.C. phenyl fomiat. D. phenyl axetat.

Cu 1.17 Cht X c cng thc phn t C4H8O2. Khi X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra chtY c cng thc C2H3O2Na. Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. HCOOC3H7 B. C2H5COOCH3C. CH3COOC2H5 D. HCOOC3H5.

Cu 1.18 Khi un hn hp 2 axit R1COOH v R2COOH vi glixerol (axit H2SO4 lm xc tc) cth thu c my trieste ?

A. 6. B. 4.C. 18. C. 2.

Cu 1.19 Trong s cc este: (1) metyl axetat; (2) metyl acrylat; (3) metyl metacrylat; (4) metylbenzoat, este m polime ca n c dng sn xut cht do gmA. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (4).C. (2), (3); (4). D. (3), (4).

Cu 1.20 S nguyn t cacbon ti thiu trong phn t este khng no, mch h lA. 2. B. 5.C. 4. D. 3.

Cu 1.21 S nguyn t cacbon ti thiu trong phn t este (c to nn t axit v ancol) no achc, mch h l

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A. 2. B. 5.C. 4. D. 3.

Cu 1.22 un nng hn hp gm x mol axit axetic v y mol etylen glicol (xt H2SO4 c). Tithi im cn bng thu c 0,30 mol axit, 0,25 mol ancol v 0,75 mol este (khng tc dng viNa). x, y c gi tr l

A. x = 1,05; y = 0,75. B. x = 1,20; y = 0,90.

C. x = 1,05; y = 1,00. D. x = 1,80; y = 1,00.Cu 1.23 Trong s cc ng phn mch h c cng thc phn t C 2H4O2, s ng phn c khnng tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, natri kim loi, natri cacbonat, dung dch AgNO 3 trongamoniac ln lt l

A. 2, 2, 1, 2. B. 2, 1, 2, 1.C. 2, 2, 2, 1. D. 1, 2, 2, 1.

Cu 1.24 ng vi cng thc phn t C3H6O2, mt hc sinh gi tn cc ng phn este c th cgm: (1) etyl fomiat; (2) metyl axetat; (3) iso propyl fomiat; (4) vinyl fomiat. Cc tn gi ng l

A. ch c (1). B. (1) v (2).C. ch c (3). D. (1), (2) v (3).

Cu 1.25 Tn gi ca este (c to nn t axit v ancol thch hp) c cng thc phn t C 4H6O2

lA. Metyl acrylat. B. Metyl metacrylat.C. Metyl propionat. D. Vinyl axetat.

Cu 1.26 Cho 2 mol CH3COOH thc hin phn ng este ho vi 3 mol C2H5OH. Khi t trngthi cn bng trong hn hp c 1,2 mol este to thnh. nhit hng s cn bng Kc caphn ng este ho l

A. 1. B. 1,2.C. 2,4. D. 3,2.

Cu 1.27 Cht X tc dng vi NaOH cho dung dch X1. C cn X1 c cht rn X2 v hn hphi X3. Chng ct X3 thu c cht X4. Cho X4 trng gng c sn phm X5. Cho X5 tc dngvi NaOH li thu c X2. Vy cng thc cu to ca X l

A. HCOO C(CH3) = CH2. B. HCOO CH = CH CH3.C. CH2 = CH CH2 OCOH. D. CH2 = CH OCOCH3.

Cu 1.28 Hn hp T gm 2 cht X, Y mch h (C,H,O) n chc u khng tc dng c viNa, nhng u tc dng vi dung dch NaOH khi un nng. t chy hon ton m g T, thu 6,72lt (ktc) CO2 v 5,4g H2O. Vy X, Y thuc dy ng ng

A. este n, no. B. este n no, c 1 ni i.C. este n, c mt ni ba. D. este n c 2 ni i.

Cu 1.29 Pht biu no sau y sai ?A. Phn ng x phng ho l phn ng thu phn este trong mi trng kim, un nng.B. Cht bo l este ca glixerol vi cc axit bo.C. Glixerol kh nc hon ton cho sn phm l acrolein.

D. Cc axit bo c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh, s nguyn t cacbon chn.Cu 1.30 Cch no sau y c th dng iu ch etyl axetat ?A. un hi lu hn hp etanol, gim v axit sunfuric c.B. un hi lu hn hp axit axetic, ru trng v axit sunfuric c.C. un si hn hp etanol, axit axetic v axit sunfuric c trong cc thu tinh chu nhit.D. un hi lu hn hp etanol, axit axetic v axit sunfuric c.

Cu 1.31 Cht hu c X c cng thc phn t l C5H6O4. Thu phn X bng dung dch NaOHd, thu c mt mui v mt ancol. Cng thc cu to ca X c th l

A. HOOCCOOCH2CH = CH2. B. HOOCCH2COOCH = CH2.

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C. HOOCCH = CHOOCCH3. D. HOOCCH2CH = CHOOCH.Cu 1.32 Thu phn este E c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 vi xc tc axit v c long, thu c 2sn phm hu c X, Y (cha cc nguyn t C, H, O). T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y bngmt phn ng duy nht. Cht E l

A. etyl axetat. B. propyl fomiat.C. isopropyl fomiat. D. metyl propionat.

Cu 1.33 Cho cc cu sau :a/ Cht bo thuc loi hp cht este.b/ Cc este khng tan trong nc do chng nh hn nc.c/ Cc este khng tan trong nc v ni ln trn mt nc l do chng khng to c lin kthiro vi nc v nh hn nc.d/ Khi un cht bo lng vi hiro c xc tc niken trong ni hp th chng chuyn thnh chtbo rn.e/ Cht bo lng l cc triglixerit cha gc axit khng no trong phn t.Nhng cu ng l p n no sau y ?

A. a, d, e. B. a, b, d.C. a, c, d, e. D. a, b, c, d, e.

Cu 1.34 Ch s axit ca cht bo lA. S mol KOH cn x phng ho mt gam cht bo.B. S miligam NaOH cn trung ho cc axit t do c trong 1 gam cht bo.C. S miligam KOH cn trung ho cc axit t do c trong 1 gam cht bo.D. S lin kt c trong gc hirocacbon ca axit bo.

Cu 1.35 Cho a mol cht bo (C17H35COO)3C3H5 tc dng ht vi NaOH thu c 46g glixerol, ac gi tr l

A. 0,3 mol. B. 0,4 mol.C. 0,5 mol. D. 0,6 mol.

Cu 1.36 un nng hn hp X v Y c cng thc C5H8O2 trong dung dch NaOH, thu sn phm2 mui C3H5O2Na, C3H3O2Na v 2 sn phm khc. Cng thc cu to ca X v Y l

A. CH2=CHCH2CH2 COOH v CH3CH2CH=CHCOOH.B. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2 v CH2=CHCOOCH2CH3.C. CH3CH(OH)CH(OH)CH=CH2 v CH2=CHCH2CH2COOH.D. O=HCCH2CH2CH2CH=O v O=HCCH(OH)CH2CH=CH2.

Cu 1.37 T nguyn liu u l eten v benzen (xc tc v iu kin phn ng c ), iuch c ba polime gm polistiren, polibutaien v poli(butaien-stiren), cn thc hin s lngphn ng ho hc t nht l

A. 5. B.6.C. 7. D. 8

Cu 1.38 Cho 10 gam hn hp X gm etanol v etyl axetat tc dng va vi 50g dung dchnatri hiroxit 4%. Phn trm khi lng ca etyl axetat trong hn hp bng

A. 22%. B. 44%.C. 50%. D. 51%.

Cu 1.39 Trong phng th nghim c cc ho cht c dng lm thuc th gm: (1) dd brom;(2) dd NaOH; (3) dd AgNO3/NH3; (4) axit axetic; (5) cn iot. phn bit 3 este: anlyl axetat,vinyl axetat v etyl fomiat cn phi dng cc thuc th l

A. 1, 2, 5. B. 1, 3.C. 2, 3. D. 1, 2, 3.

Cu 1.40 Cho 0,15 mol este n chc X (C5H8O2) tc dng va vi dung dch NaOH, c cndung dch sau phn ng thu 21g mui khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l

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CH2 CH COOC2H5 CH2 CH(CH3)COOA. C..

Cu 1.41 F l cht hu c c cng thc phn t C5H8O2. F tc dng vi NaOH to ra mt ancol

T, khi t chy mt th tch ancol T cn 3 th tch oxi (o cng iu kin). Axit to F lA. axit axetic. B. axit valeric.C. axit acrylic. D. axit fomic.

Cu 1.42 t chy hon ton m g hn hp cc este no, n chc, mch h. Sn phm chy cdn vo bnh ng dung dch nc vi trong d thy khi lng bnh tng 6,2g. S mol H 2O sinhra v khi lng kt ta to ra l

A. 0,1 mol; 12g. B. 0,1 mol; 10g.C. 0,01mol; 10g. D. 0,01 mol; 1,2g.

Cu 1.43 Cho ancol X tc dng vi axit Y thu c este Z. lm bay hi 8,6g Z thu c th tchbng th tch ca 3,2g O2 cng iu kin nhit v p sut. Bit MY > MX. Tn gi ca Y l

A. axit fomic. B. axit metacrylic.

C. axit acrylic. D. axit axetic.Cu 1.44 Cho hn hp E gm 2 este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 v C3H6O2 tc dng hon tonvi NaOH d thu c 6,14g hn hp 2 mui v 3,68g mt ancol Y duy nht c t khi so vi oxil 1,4375. Cng thc cu to mi este v s gam tng ng l

A. C2H5COOCH3 (6,6g); CH3COOCH3 (1,48g).B. CH3COOC2H5 (4,4g); HCOOC2H5 (2,22g).C. C2H5COOCH3 (4,4g); CH3COOCH3 (2,22g).D. CH3COOC2H5 (6,6g); HCOOC2H5 (1,48g).

Cu 1.45 t chy 6g este E thu c 4,48 lt CO2 (ktc) v 3,6g H2O. Bit E c phn ng trnggng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3. Vy cng thc cu to ca E l

A. CH3COO CH2CH2CH3. B. HCOO CH2CH2CH3.

C. HCOO C2H5. D. HCOOCH3.Cu 1.46 Thu phn hon ton 8,8g este n chc, mch h X vi 100ml dung dch KOH 1M(va ) thu c 4,6g mt ancol Y. Tn gi ca X l

A. Etyl fomiat. B. Etyl propionat.C. Etyl axetat. D. Propyl axetat.

Cu 1.47 Lm bay hi 7,4g mt este X thu c mt th tch hi bng th tch ca 3,2g kh oxi cng iu kin nhit , p sut. Khi thc hin phn ng x phng ho 7,4g X vi dung dchNaOH (phn ng hon ton) thu c sn phm c 6,8g mui. Tn gi ca X l

A. etyl fomiat. B. vinyl fomiat.C. metyl axetat. D. isopropyl fomiat.

Cu 1.48 t chy hon ton 2,28g X cn 3,36 lt oxi (ktc) thu hn hp CO 2 v H2O c t l th

tch tng ng 6 : 5. Nu un X trong dung dch H2SO4 long thu c axit Y c=

2Y / Hd 36

vancol n chc Z. Cng thc ca X lA. C2H5COOC2H5. B. CH3COOCH3.C. C2H3COOC2H5. D. C2H3COOC3H7.

Cu 1.49 t hon ton 4,2g mt este E thu c 6,16g CO 2 v 2,52g H2O. Cng thc cu toca E l

A. HCOOC2H5. B. CH3COOC2H5.C. CH3COOCH3. D. HCOOCH3.

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Cu 1.50 un nng 0,1 mol X vi dung dch NaOH (), thu 13,4g mui ca axit a chc v9,2g ancol n chc, c th tch 8,32 lt ( 1270C, 600 mmHg). X c cng thc

A. CH(COOCH3)3. B. C2H4(COOC2H5)2.C. (COOC2H5)2. D. (COOC3H5)2.

Cu 1.51 X phng ho hon ton 0,1 mol este X (ch cha 1 loi nhm chc) cn 0,3 molNaOH, thu 9,2g ancol Y v 20,4g mt mui Z (cho bit 1 trong 2 cht Y hoc Z l n chc).

Cng thc ca X lA. CH3CH2OOC-COOCH2CH3. B. C3H5(OOCH)3.C. C3H5(COOCH3)3. D. C3H5(COOCH3)3.

Cu 1.52 x phng ho hon ton 19,4g hn hp 2 este n chc X, Y cn 200ml dung dchNaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phn ng hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c hn hp 2 ancol ng ngk tip nhau v m g mt mui khan duy nht Z. CTCT, % khi lng ca X trong hn hp banu v gi tr m l

A. HCOOCH3 66,67%; 20,4g. B. HCOOC2H5 16,18%; 20,4g.C. CH3COOCH3 19,20%; 18,6g. D. CH3CH2COOCH3; 19,0g.

Cu 1.53 Cho 21,8g cht hu c X ch cha mt loi nhm chc tc dng vi 1 lt dung dchNaOH 0,5M thu c 24,6g mui v 0,1 mol mt ancol Y. Lng NaOH d c trung ho ht

bi 0,2 mol HCl. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X lA. CH3C(COOCH3)3. B. (C2H5COO)3C2H5.C. (HCOO)3C3H5. D. (CH3COO)3C3H5.

Cu 1.54 Khi thu phn a g mt este X thu c 0,92g glixerol, 3,02g natri linoleat(C17H31COONa) v m g mui natri oleat (C17H33COONa). Gi tr ca a, m ln lt l

A. 8,82g ; 6,08g. B. 7,2g ; 6,08g.C. 8,82g ; 7,2g. D. 7,2g ; 8,82g.

Cu 1.55 Trong cht bo lun c mt lng axit bo t do. S miligam KOH dng trung holng axit bo t do trong mt gam cht bo gi l ch s axit ca cht bo. trung ho 2,8gcht bo cn 3ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn l

A. 8. B. 15.

C. 6. D. 16.Cu 1.56 Tng s miligam KOH trung ho ht lng axit t do v x phng ho ht lngeste trong mt gam cht bo gi l ch s x phng ho ca cht bo. Vy ch s x phng hoca mu cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 cha 89% tristearin l

A. 185. B. 175.C. 165. D. 155.

Cu 1.57 Khi thu phn (xc tc axit) mt este thu c glixerol v hn hp cc axit stearic vaxit panmitic theo t l mol tng ng bng 2 : 1. Este c th c cng thc cu to no sau y?

A.

17 35 2|

17 35|

17 35 2

C H COO CH

C H COO CH

C H COOCH

B.

17 35 2|

15 31|

17 35 2

C H COO CH

C H COO CH

C H COOCH

C.

17 35 2|

17 33|

15 31 2

C H COOCH

C H COOC H

C H COOCH

D.

17 35 2|

15 31|

15 31 2

C H COOC H

C H COO C H

C H COOCH

Cu 1.58 Trong cht bo lun c mt lng axit bo t do. Khi thu phn hon ton 2,145kgcht bo, cn dng 0,3kg NaOH, thu 0,092kg glixerol, v mg hn hp mui Na. Khi lng xphng 60% (v khi lng) thu c l

A. 7,84kg. B. 3,92kg.

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C. 2,61kg. D. 3,787kg.Cu 1.59 Trong thnh phn ca mt loi sn c cc triglixerit l trieste ca glixerol vi axitlinoleic C17H31COOH v axit linolenic C17H29COOH. Cng thc cu to c th c ca cc trieste l : (1) (C17H31COO)2C3H5OOCC17H29;(2) C17H31COOC3H5(OOCC17H29)2; (3) (C17H31OOC)2C3H5OOCC17H29;(4) (C17H31OCO)2C3H5COOC17H29. Nhng cng thc ng l

A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (2).C. (1), (2), (4). D. (2), (3), (4).Cu 1.60 un si a g mt triglixerit X vi dung dch KOH cho n khi phn ng hon ton, thuc 0,92g glixerol v 9,58g hn hp Y gm mui ca axit linoleic v axit oleic. Gi tr ca a l

A. 8,82g. B. 9,91g.C. 10,90g. D. 8,92g.

Cu 1.61 Khi lng x phng thu c t 1 tn m ng vt (cha 50% trioleoyl glixerol,30% tripanmitoyl glixerol (panmitin) v 20% tristearoyl glixerol (stearin) v khi lng) khi xphng ho bng natri hiroxit, gi s hiu sut qu trnh t 90% l

A. 988kg. B. 889,2kg.C. 929,3kg. D. 917kg.

Cu 1.62 Thu phn hon ton cht bo E bng dung dch NaOH thu c 1,84g glixerol v18,24g mui ca axit bo duy nht. Cht bo lA. (C17H33COO)3C3H5. B. (C17H35COO)3C3H5.C. (C15H31COO)3C3H5. D. (C15H29COO)3C3H5.Cu 1.63 t chy 3,7g cht hu c X cn dng 3,92 lt O 2 (ktc) thu c CO2 v H2O c t lmol 1:1. Bit X tc dng vi KOH to ra 2 cht hu c. Vy cng thc phn t ca X l

A. C3H6O2. B. C4H8O2.C. C2H4O2. D. C3H4O2.

Cu 1.64 un nng 215g axit metacrylic vi 100g metanol (vi Hp = 60%). Khi lng estemetyl metacrylat thu c l

A. 100g. B. 125g.C. 150g. D. 175g.

Cu 1.65 Mt cht hu c X c2

2 X COd = . Khi un nng X vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui ckhi lng ln hn khi lng X phn ng. Tn X lA. iso propyl fomiat. B. metyl axetat.C. etyl axetat. D. metyl propionat.

Cu 1.66 Este X c2/

44X Hd = . Thu phn X to nn 2 hp cht hu c X1, X2. Nu t chycng mt lng X1 hay X2 s thu c cng mt th tch CO2 ( cng nhit v p sut). Tngi ca X l

A. etyl fomiat. B. isopropyl fomiat.C. metyl propionat. D. etyl axetat.

Cu 1.67 X phng ho 22,2g hn hp gm 2 este ng phn, cn dng 12g NaOH, thu 20,492gmui khan (hao ht 6%). Trong X chc chn c mt este vi cng thc v s mol tng ng l

A. H COOC2H5 0,2 mol. B. CH3 COOCH3 0,2 mol.C. H COOC2H5 0,15 mol D. CH3 COOC2H3 0,15 mol.

Cu 1.68 un nng 3,21g hn hp X gm hai cht hu c Y v Z cng nhm chc vi dungdch NaOH d, thu c hn hp mui natri ca hai axit ankanoic k tip nhau trong dy ngng v mt cht lng L (t khi hi

4/3,625 L CHd = ). Cht L phn ng vi CuO un nng cho sn

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phm c phn ng trng gng. Cho1

10lng cht L phn ng vi Na c 0,015 mol H 2. Nhn

nh no sau y l sai ?A. Nung mt trong hai mui thu c vi NaOH (vi ti xt) s to metan.B. Tn gi ca L l ancol anlylic.C. Trong hn hp X, hai cht Y v Z c s mol bng nhau.D. t chy hn hp X s thu c

2 20,02CO H On n = .

II BI TP NNG CAO

Cu 1.69 Tng s lin kt v s vng trong phn t este (khng cha nhm chc no khc)to bi glixerol v axit aipic l

A. 0. B. 6.C. 7. D. 8.

Cu 1.70 Cho 7,4g este E thu phn trong dung dch NaOH th thu c 8,2g mui natriaxetat.Cng thc ca este E l

A. (CH3COO)2C2H4. B. (CH3COO)3C3H5.C. CH3(CH2)2COOCH3. D. CH3COOCH3.Cu 1.71 X l mt este hu c n chc, mch h. Cho mt lng X tc dng hon ton vi

dung dch NaOH va , thu c mui c khi lng bng41

37khi lng este ban u. X l

A. H-COOCH3. B. CH2=CHCOOCH3.C. C17H35COO(CH2)16CH3. D. CH3COOCH3.

Cu 1.72 Thu phn este X (C4H6O2) trong mi trng axit ta thu c mt hn hp cc chtu c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. CH2 = CH COO CH3. B. CH3 CH = CH OCOH.C. CH2 = CH OCO CH3. D. HCOO CH2 CH = CH2.

Cu 1.73 Mt este X to bi axit n chc v ancol n chc c t khi vi He bng 22. Khi un

nng X vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui c khi lng bng17

22lng este phn ng. Tn X

lA. Etyl axetat. B. Metyl axetat.C. Isopropyl fomiat. D. Metyl propionat.

Cu 1.74 un hp cht X vi H2O (xc tc H+) c axit hu c Y ( 2/ 2,57Y Nd = ) v ancol Z.Cho hi Z qua ng bt ng Cu xc tc un nng th sinh ra cht T c kh nng tham gia phnng trng gng. t chy hon ton 2,8g X th cn 3,92 lt O2 (ktc) v thu c

2:3:22=OHCO VV . Bit Z l ancol n chc. Tn gi ca X, Y ln lt l

A. axit acrylic; ancol anlylic. B. axit acrylic; ancol benzylic.C. axit valeric; ancol etanol. D. axit metacrylic; ancol isopropylic.

Cu 1.75 X phng ho mt este no n chc E bng mt lng va dung dch NaOH ch thuc mt sn phm X duy nht. Nung X vi vi ti xt thu c ancol Y v mui v c Z. tchy hon ton Y thu c CO2 v H2O c t l th tch 3 : 4. Bit oxi ho X bng CuO un nngc sn phm c phn ng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ca E l

A. CH3OCOCH=CH2. B. CH2CH2C=O.

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CH2OC. C2H5CHC=O. D. CH3CHCH2

O O C=O.Cu 1.76 3,52g mt este E ca axit cacboxylic no n chc v ancol no n chc (c hai umch h) phn ng va ht vi 40ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c cht X v cht Y. t chy

0,6g cht Y cho 1,32g CO2. Khi b oxi ho cht Y chuyn thnh anehit. CTCT ca este E v chtY l (gi s cc phn ng u t 100%)A. HCOOCH(CH3)CH3; CH3CH2OH. B. C2H5COOCH3; CH3CH2OH.C. CH3COOCH2CH3; CH3CH2OH. D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3; CH3CH2CH2OH

Cu 1.77 Thu phn hon ton 0,1 mol este E (cha mt loi nhm chc) cn dng va 100gdung dch NaOH 12%, thu c 20,4g mui ca axit hu c X v 9,2g ancol Y. Xc nh cngthc phn t v gi tn X, Y. Bit rng mt trong 2 cht (X hoc Y) to thnh este l n chc.

A. X: C3H6O2, axit propionic; Y: C3H8O3, glixerol.B. X: CH2O2, axit fomic; Y: C3H8O3, glixerol.C. X: C2H4O2, axit axetic; Y: C3H8O3, glixerol.D. X: C2H4O2, axit axetic; Y: C3H8O, ancol propylic.

Cu 1.78 Cho 12,9g mt este n chc (mch h) tc dng va vi 150ml dung dch KOH1M, sau phn ng thu c mt mui v mt anehit. CTCT ca este khng th lA. HCOOCH=CHCH3 v CH3COOCH=CH2. B. HCOOCH2CH=CH2.C. CH3COOCH=CH2.

D. HCOOCH=CHCH3.Cu 1.79 t chy 1,60g mt este E n chc c 3,52g CO2 v 1,152g H2O. Cho 10g E tcdng vi lng NaOH va , c cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 14,00g mui khan G.Cho G tc dng vi axit v c long thu c G1 khng phn nhnh. S lng CTCT tho mntnh cht nu ca E l

A. 4. B. 6.C. 2. D. 8.

Cu 1.80 x phng ho 100kg du n thuc loi trioleoyl glixerol c ch s axit bng 7 cn14,10kg natri hiroxit. Gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton, khi lng mui natri thu c lA. 108,6kg. B. 103,445kg.C. 118,245kg. D. 117,89kg.

Cu 1.81 Khi thu phn (trong mi trng axit) mt este c cng thc phn t C 7H6O2 sinh rahai sn phm X v Y. X kh c AgNO3 trong amoniac, cn Y tc dng vi nc brom sinh rakt ta trng. Tn gi ca este l

A. phenyl fomiat. B. benzyl fomiat.C. vinyl pentanoat. D. anlyl butyrat.

Cu 1.82 Mun thu phn 5,6g hn hp etyl axetat v etyl fomiat cn 25,96ml NaOH 10%, (D =1,08g/ml). Thnh phn % khi lng ca etyl axetat trong hn hp l

A. 47,14%. B. 52,16%.C. 36,18%. D. 50,20%.

Cu 1.83 un a gam este mch khng phn nhnh CnH2n+1COOC2H5 vi 100ml dd KOH. Sauphn ng phi dng 25ml dd H2SO4 0,5M trung ho KOH cn d. Mt khc mun trung ho20ml dd KOH ban u phi dng 15ml dd H2SO4 ni trn. Khi a = 5,8g th tn gi ca este l

A. etyl axetat. B. etyl propionat.C. etyl valerat. D. etyl butyrat.

Cu 1.84 Thuc chng mui (DEP) thu c khi cho axit thm (X) tc dng vi ancol Y. Muntrung ho dung dch cha 0,9035g X cn 54,5ml NaOH 0,2M. Trong dung dch ancol Y 94%

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(theo khi lng) t s mol =2

ancol

H O

n 86

n 14. Bit rng <


16/114

C. 188,920. D. 173,736.Cu 1.92 Mt mu cht bo cha gm trilein v tripanmitin c ch s iot l 19,05. Phn trm vkhi lng ca mt trong hai glixerit phi l

A. 20,18%. B. 22,1%.C. 18,20%. D. 20,19%.

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CHNG II. CACBOHIRAT

A MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG1. Cu trc phn ta) Glucoz v fructoz (C6H12O6)

Glucozl monosaccarit, cu to bi mt nhm cacbonyl C1 (l anehit) v nm nhm OH nm nguyn t cacbon cn li (l poliancol): CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO.

Trong thin nhin, glucoz tn ti ch yu hai dng -glucoz v -glucoz (dngmch vng). Trong dung dch, hai dng vng ny chim u th v lun chuyn ho ln nhau theomt cn bng qua dng mch h.

OH

OH

H

OH

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

1 C

OH

OH

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

23

4

5

6

OH

OH

OH

H

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

1

23

4

5

6

1

H

H

O

23

4

5

6

-glucoz glucoz -glucoz

Glucoz c y cc tnh cht ca ru a chc v anehit n chc.Fructozl ng phn ca glucoz, cu to bi mt nhm cacbonyl v tr C 2 (l xeton)

v nm nhm OH nm nguyn t cacbon cn li (l poliancol): CH2OH[CHOH]3COCH2OH.Cng vi dng mch h fructoz c th tn ti dng mch vng 5 cnh hoc 6 cnh

CH2OH

HOH

OH H

H OH

O

CH2OH

H

OH

CH2OH

OH H

H OH

O

HOCH21

2

3 4

5

6

1

2

3 4

5

6CH2OH

HO

OH H

H OH

O

H

HOCH21

2

3 4

5

6

-fructoz fructoz -fructoz

Trong mi trng baz, fructoz c s chuyn ho thnh glucoz.

CH2OH[CHOH]4CHOCH2OH[CHOH]3-CO-CH2OHOH-

b) Saccaroz v mantoz (C12H22O11)Saccarozl mt isaccarit, cu to bi C1 ca gc - glucoz ni vi C2 ca gc -

fructoz qua nguyn t O (C1 O C2). Trong phn t khng cn nhm OH semiaxetal, nnkhng c kh nng m vng.

Mantozl ng phn ca saccaroz, cu to bi C1 ca gc - glucoz ni vi C4 ca

gc - hoc - glucoz qua nguyn t O (C1 O C4). n v monosaccarit th hai c nhmOH semiaxetal t do, do c th m vng to thnh nhm anehit ( CHO).c) Tinh bt v xenluloz (C6H10O5)n

Tinh bt l polisaccarit, cu to bi cc mt xch -glucoz lin kt vi nhau thnhmch xon l xo, phn t khng c nhm CHO v cc nhm OH b che lp i.

Xenluloz l ng phn ca tinh bt, cu to bi cc mt xch -glucoz lin kt vinhau thnh mch ko di, phn t khng c nhm CHO v mi mt xch cn 3 nhm OH t do,nn cng thc ca xenluloz cn c th vit [C6H7O2(OH)3]n.

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2. Tnh cht ho hc

Cacbohirat

Tnh cht

Glucoz Fructoz Saccaroz Mantoz Tinh bt Xenluloz

T/c caanehit +

[Ag(NH3)2]OHAg + - Ag - -

T/c ring caOH

hemiaxetal+ CH3OH/HCl

Metyl glucozit - - Metyl glucozit - -

T/c capoliancol+ Cu(OH)2

dd mu xanhlam

dd mu xanhlam

dd mu xanhlam

dd mu xanhlam

- -

T/c ca ancol(P/ este ho)+ (CH3CO)2O

+ HNO3/H2SO4

+ + + + +Xenluloztriaxetat

+ + + + +Xenluloz

trinitrat

P/ thu phn+ H2O/H+

- -Glucoz +Fructoz

Glucoz Glucoz Glucoz

P/ mu+ I2

- - - -mu xanhc trng

-

(+) c phn ng, khng yu cu vit sn phm; (-) khng c phn ng.(*) phn ng trong mi trng kim.

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1.CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO+5CH3COOH0Xt,t

CH3COOCH2[CHOOCCH3]4CHO

(pentaaxetyl glucoz)

+ H2O2. CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + H2

0Ni,t CH2OH[CHOH]4CH2OH

Sobit (Sobitol)3. CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + 2Cu(OH)2

0t CH2OH[CHOH]4COOH + Cu2O+

+2H2O4.

ot

2 4 3 2 2 4 4 3 2CH OH[CHOH] CHO 2[Ag(NH ) ]OH CH OH[CHOH] COONH 2Ag 3NH H O+ + + + glucozamoni gluconat

5. C6H12O6 Men ru

2C2H5OH + 2CO26. C6H12O6Men lactic 2CH3CHOHCOOH

Axit lactic (axit sa chua)

7. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O Men +Hoac H nC6H12O6(Tinh bt) (Glucoz)

8. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O 0t

+xt: HnC6H12O6

(Xenluloz) (Glucoz)

9. 6HCHO Ca(OH)2 C6H12O6

10.

OH

OH

H

OH

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

1

OH

OH

H

OCH3

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

+ HOCH3HCl + H2O

23

4

5

6

1

23

4

5

6

metyl -glucozit

11. CH2OH[CHOH]3COCH2OHOH CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO

12. CH2OH[CHOH]4CHO + Br2 + H2O

CH2OH[CHOH]4COOH + 2HBr13. CH2OH[CHOH]4COOH + Fe3+ to phc mu vng xanh.

14. C12H22O11 + H2OH SO loang42 C6H12O6(Glucoz) + C6H12O6(Fructoz)

15. C12H22O11 + Ca(OH)2 + H2O C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O16. C12H22O11.CaO.2H2O + CO2 C12H22O11 + CaCO3+ 2H2O

17. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O0Axit voc loang, t

hoac mennC6H12O6

tinh bt glucoz

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18. 6nCO2 + 5nH2O Diep luc

a/ s mat tri (C6H10O5)n

19. (C6H10O5)n + nH2O 0Axit voc loang, t nC6H12O6

xenluloz glucoz

20. [C6H7O2(OH)3]n + 3nHONO2 0H SO , t42 [C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n + 3nH2O

(HNO3)xenluloz trinitrat

C- BI TP TRC NGHIM

I- BI TP C BN

Cu 2.1 Tm t thch hp in vo ch trng trong on vn sau: dng mch h glucoz v fructoz u c nhm cacbonyl, nhng trong phn t glucoz

nhm cacbonyl nguyn t C s , cn trong phn t fructoz nhm cacbonyl nguyn t Cs. Trong mi trng baz, fructoz c th chuyn ho thnh v

A. 1, 2, glucoz, ngc li. B. 2, 2, glucoz, ngc li.C. 2, 1, glucoz, ngc li. D. 1, 2, glucoz, mantoz.Cu 2.2 Cacbohirat l g?

A. Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c a chc v a s chng c cng thc chung lCn(H2O)m.B. Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc v a s chng c cng thc chung lCn(H2O)m.C. Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc.D. Cacbohirat l nhng hp cht hu c a chc v a s chng c cng thc chung lCn(H2O)n.

Cu 2.3 C my loi cacbohirat quan trng?

A. 1 loi. B. 2 loi.C. 3 loi. D. 4 loi.Cu 2.4Nhng th nghim no chng minh c cu to phn t ca glucoz?

A. phn ng vi Na v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac.B. phn ng vi NaOH v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac.C. phn ng vi CuO v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac.D. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac.

Cu 2.5 trng bc mt chic gng soi, ngi ta phi un nng dung dch cha 36g glucozvi lng va dung dch AgNO3 trong amoniac. Khi lng bc sinh ra bm vo mt knhca gng v khi lng AgNO3 cn dng ln lt l (bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton)

A. 68,0g; 43,2g. B. 21,6g; 68,0g.

C. 43,2g; 68,0g. D. 43,2g; 34,0g.Cu 2.6 Phng n no di y c th phn bit c saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz dngbt?

A. Cho tng cht tc dng vi dung dch HNO3/H2SO4.

B. Cho tng cht tc dng vi dung dch iot.

C. Ho tan tng cht vo nc, sau un nng v th vi dung dch iot.D. Cho tng cht tc dng vi vi sa Ca(OH)2.

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Cu 2.7 phn bit cc dung dch glucoz, saccaroz v anehit axetic c th dng cht notrong cc cht sau lm thuc th ?

A. Cu(OH)2/OH. B.

NaOH.

C. HNO3.

D. AgNO3/NH3.Cu 2.8 C bn l mt nhn cha: Glixerol, ancol etylic, glucoz v axit axetic.Thuc th no sau y c th dng phn bit cc dung dch trong tng l trn ?

A. [Ag(NH3)2]OH. B. Na kim loi.

C. Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim. D. Nc brom.Cu 2.9 phn bit cc cht: Glucoz, glixerol, anehit axetic, lng trng trng vru etylic, c th ch dng mt thuc th no sau y?

A. dung dch HNO3. B.Cu(OH)2/OH

.

C. dung dch AgNO3/NH3. D. dung dch brom.

Cu 2.10 Chn cch phn bit cc dung dch sau y: Lng trng trng, h tinh bt, glixerol.A. Iot lm h tinh bt ho xanh, glixerol tc dng vi Cu(OH) 2 nhit thng to dungdch xanh lam c trng, cn li lng trng trng.

B. Glixerol tc dng Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to dung dch xanh lam c trng, lng trngtrng tc dng Cu(OH)2 cho mu xanh tm, cn li h tinh bt.C. Iot lm h tinh bt ho xanh, khi un nng lng trng trng ng t, cn li glixerol.

D. C B, C u ng.

Cu 2.11 C 4 dung dch long khng mu gm: Lng trng trng, glixerol, KOH v axit axetic.Ch dng mt thuc th no sau y phn bit chng.

A. dung dch HCl. B. dung dch CuSO4.

C. dung dch KMnO4. D. dung dch HNO3c.

Cu 2.12 Chn cu pht biu sai:A. Saccaroz l mt isaccarit.B. Tinh bt v xenluloz u l polisaccarit, ch khc nhau v cu to ca gc glucoz.

C. Khi thu phn n cng saccaroz, tinh bt v xenluloz u cho mt loi monosaccarit.

D. Khi thu phn n cng, tinh bt v xenluloz u cho glucoz.

Cu 2.13 Cng l cht rn kt tinh, khng mu, khng mi, d tan trong nc, c v ngt l tnhcht vt l v trng thi t nhin ca nhm cht no sau y?

A. glucoz v saccaroz. B. glucoz v tinh bt.C. glucoz v xenluloz. D. saccaroz v tinh bt.

Cu 2.14 Cho cc cht glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz, tinh bt, xenluloz. Cht va c tnh chtca ancol a chc, va c tnh cht ca anehit l

A. ch c glucoz. B. glucoz vfructoz.

C. glucoz, fructoz v saccaroz. D. tt c cc cht cho.

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Cu 2.15 trng bc mt s rut phch, ngi ta phi dng 100g saccaroz. Khi lng AgNO 3cn dng v khi lng Ag to ra ln lt l (gi thit rng, s chuyn ho ca fructoz l khngng k v hiu sut cc phn ng u t 90%)

A. 88,74g; 50,74g. B. 102,0g; 52,5g.

C. 52,5g; 91,8g. D. 91,8g;

64,8g.Cu 2.16 Khi t chy hon ton mt hp cht hu c thu c hn hp kh CO2 v hi nc ct l mol l 1:1. Cht ny c th ln men ru (ancol). Cht l cht no trong cc cht sau ?

A. axit axetic. B. glucoz.C. sacacroz. D. hex-3-en.

Cu 2.17 Khi thu phn 1kg bt go c 80% tinh bt, th khi lng glucoz thu c l baonhiu ? Gi thit rng, phn ng xy ra hon ton.

A. 0,80kg. B.0,90kg.

C. 0,99kg. D.0,89kg.Cu 2.18 Tnh khi lng glucoz to thnh khi thu phn 1kg mn ca c 50% xenluloz. Githit hiu sut phn ng l 80%.

A. 0,555kg. B.0,444kg.

C. 0,500kg. D.0,690kg.

Cu 2.19Nhm gluxit u tham gia phn ng thu phn lA. Saccaroz, mantoz, glucoz. B. Saccaroz, fructoz, xenluloz.C. Mantoz, tinh bt, xenluloz. D. Saccaroz, glucoz, tinh bt.

Cu 2.20Nhm gluxit u c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng gng lA. Glucoz, fructoz, saccaroz. B. Glucoz, fructoz, tinh bt.C. Glucoz, fructoz, xenluloz. D. Glucoz, fructoz, mantoz.

Cu 2.21 Cho glucoz ln men to thnh ancol, kh CO2 to thnh c dn quadung dch nc vi trong d, thu c 50g kt ta, bit hiu sut ln men l 80%,khi lng ancol thu c l

A. 23,0g.B. 18,4g.C. 27,6g.D. 28,0g.

Cu 2.22 Chn s phn ng ng ca glucozA. C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 kt ta gch

B. C6H12O6 m e n CH3CH(OH)COOH

C. C6H12O6 + CuO Dung dch mu xanhD. C6H12O6 m e n C2H5OH + O2

Cu 2.23Nhm gluxit khi thu phn hon ton u ch to thnh glucoz l:A. Saccaroz, mantoz, tinh bt.

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B. Saccaroz, mantoz, xenluloz.

C. Mantoz, tinh bt, xenluloz.

D. Saccaroz, mantoz, tinh bt, xenluloz.Cu 2.24 Pht biu no sau y khng ng ?

A. Glucoz v fructoz l ng phn cu to ca nhau.

B. Metyl - glucozit khng th chuyn sang dng mch h.C. Trong dung dch, glucoz tn ti dng mch vng u tin hn dng mchh.D. C th phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng trng bc.

Cu 2.25 Bit CO2 chim 0,03% th tch khng kh, th tch khng kh (ktc) cncung cp cho cy xanh quang hp to 162g tinh bt l

A. 112.103 lt. B. 448.103 lt.C. 336.103 lt. D. 224.103 lt.

Cu 2.26 Glucoz tc dng c vi tt c cht trong nhm cht no sau y?

A. H2/Ni , nhit ; Cu(OH)2; [Ag(NH3)2]OH; H2O/H+

, nhit .B. [Ag(NH3)2]OH; Cu(OH)2; H2/Ni, un nng; CH3COOH/H2SO4 c, unnng.C. H2/Ni , nhit ; [Ag(NH3)2]OH; NaOH; Cu(OH)2.D. H2/Ni , nhit ; [Ag(NH3)2]OH; Na2CO3; Cu(OH)2.

Cu 2.27 Chn cu pht biu sai:A. Phn bit glucoz v saccaroz bng phn ng trng gng.

B. Phn bit mantoz v saccaroz bng phn ng trng gng.C. Phn bit tinh bt v xenluloz bng I2.

D. Phn bit saccaroz v glixerol bng Cu(OH)2.

Cu 2.28 Chn cu pht biu ng:A. Phn bit glucoz v fructoz bng phn ng trng gng.

B. Tinh bt c cu trc phn t mch khng phn nhnh.C. Dung dch mantoz c tnh kh v b thu phn thnh glucoz.

D. Phn bit saccaroz v glixerol bng phn ng thu phn.

Cu 2.29 Phng trnh: 6nCO2 + 5nH2O asmt

Clorofin (C6H10O5)n + 6nO2, l phn ng ho hc

chnh ca qu trnh no sau y?

A. qu trnh h hp. B. qu trnh quanghp.

C. qu trnh kh. D. qu trnhoxi ho.Cu 2.30 Cho s phn ng: Thuc sng khng khi X Y sobit. Tn gi X, Y lnlt l

A. xenluloz, glucoz. B. tinh bt, etanol.

C. mantoz, etanol. D. saccaroz, etanol.

Cu 2.31 Phn ng kh glucoz l phn ng no sau y ?

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A. Glucoz + H2/Ni , to. B. Glucoz + Cu(OH)2.

C. Glucoz + [Ag(NH3)2]OH. D. Glucoz men etanol.

Cu 2.32 iu ch 45g axit lactic t tinh bt v qua con ng ln men lactic, hiu sut thuphn tinh bt v ln men lactic tng ng l 90% v 80%. Khi lng tinh bt cn dng l

A. 50g. B. 56,25g.

C. 56g. D. 60g.Cu 2.33 Phn ng chuyn glucoz, fructoz thnh nhng sn phm ging nhau l

A. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2. B. phn ng trng gng.

C. phn ng vi H2/Ni. to. D. phn ng vi kim loi Na.

Cu 2.34 Thuc th phn bit glucoz vi fructoz lA. [Ag(NH3)2]OH. B. Cu(OH)2.

C. dung dch Br2. D. H2.Cu 2.35 Cacbohirat (gluxit) l nhng hp cht hu c tp chc v c cng thc chung l

A. Cn(H2O)m. B. C.nH2O.C. CxHyOz. D.

R(OH)x(CHO)y.Cu 2.36 Cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca xenluloz ln lt l

A. (C6H12O6)n, [C6H7O2(OH)3]n. B. (C6H10O5)n, [C6H7O2(OH)3]n.

C. [C6H7O2(OH)3]n,(C6H10O5)n. D. (C6H10O5)n, [C6H7O2(OH)2]n.

Cu 2.37 Mt polisaccarit (C6H10O5)n c khi lng phn t l 162000u, n c gi tr lA. 900. B. 950.

C. 1000.D. 1500.

Cu 2.38 Gluxit khng th thu phn c na lA. Glucoz, mantoz. B. Glucoz, tinh bt.

C. Glucoz, xenluloz. D. Glucoz, fructoz.Cu 2.39 Cacbohirat khi thu phn to ra 2 phn t monosaccarit l

A. Saccaroz, tinh bt. B. saccaroz,xenluloz.

C. Mantoz, saccaroz. D. Saccaroz, glucoz.Cu 2.40 Saccaroz v glucoz c c im ging nhau l

A. u ly t c ci ng.

B. u tham gia phn ng trng gng.C. u ho tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng to dung dch mu xanh c trng.

D. u c trong bit dc huyt thanh ngt.Cu 2.41 Polisaccarit khi thu phn n cng to ra nhiu monosaccarit l

A. Tinh bt, amiloz. B. Tinh bt, xenluloz.

C. Xenluloz, amiloz. D. Xenluloz,amilopectin.

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Cu 2.42 Cht khng phn ng vi glucoz lA. [Ag(NH3)2]OH. B. Cu(OH)2.

C. H2/Ni. D. I2.Cu 2.43 Trong mu ngi, nng ca glucoz c gi tr hu nh khng i l A. 0,1%.

B. 0,2%.

C. 0,3%.D. 0,4%.

Cu 2.44 xc nh trong nc tiu ca ngi b bnh tiu ng c cha mt lng nhglucoz, c th dng 2 phn ng ho hc l

A. phn ng trng gng, phn ng cng hiro.

B. phn ng trng gng, phn ng ln men ru etylic.

C. phn ng trng gng, phn ng kh Cu(OH)2.

D. phn ng trng gng, phn ng thu phn.Cu 2.45 Sobit (sobitol) l sn phm ca phn ng

A. kh glucoz bng H2/Ni, to.

B. oxi ho glucoz bng [Ag(NH3)2]OH.

C. ln men ru etylic.

D. glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2.Cu 2.46 Gluxit chuyn ho thnh glucoz trong mi trng kim l

A. saccaroz. B. mantoz.

C. fructoz. D. tinh bt.Cu 2.47 Tinh bt trong go np cha khong 98% l

A. amiloz. B.amilopectin.

C. glixerol. D.alanin.Cu 2.48 Phn ng chng t glucoz c nhiu nhm OH cc nguyn t cacbon lin tip nhau lphn ng vi

A. dung dch AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3.

B. Cu(OH)2 nhit thng.

C. tc dng vi axit to este c 5 gc axit.D. Cu(OH)2 nhit cao.

Cu 2.49 Phn ng chng minh glucoz c nhm chc anehit l

A. tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 to dung dch c mu xanh c trng.B. tc dng vi axit to sobitol.

C. phn ng ln men ru etylic.D. phn ng trng gng.

Cu 2.50 Phn t glucoz tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 cho , vy trong phn t Tng t nhglucoz, cng vi hiro cho , b oxi ho bi trong mi trng baz. Cacbohirat lnhng v a s chng c cng thc chung l

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(1) dung dch mu xanh lam; (2) c nhiu nhm OH; (3) v tr k nhau;(4) fructoz; (5) poliancol; (6) phc bc amoniac; (7) hp cht hu c tp chc; (8) Cn(H2O)m.

T hay cm t thch hp nhng ch trng trong cc cu on vn trn ln lt l

A. (2), (3), (1), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8).B. (1), (2), (4), (5), (3), (6), (7), (8).

C. (1), (2), (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), (8).D. (1), (2), (3), (4), (8), (6), (7), (5).

Cu 2.51 Khi no bnh nhn c truyn trc tip dung dch glucoz (cn c gi vi bit danhhuyt thanh ngt).

A. Khi bnh nhn c lng glucoz trong mu > 0,1%.

B. Khi bnh nhn c lng glucoz trong mu < 0,1%.

C. Khi bnh nhn c lng glucoz trong mu = 0,1%.

D. Khi bnh nhn c lng glucoz trong mu t 0,1% 0,2%.

Cu 2.52 Phng php iu ch etanol no sau y ch dng trong phng th nghim ?

A. Ln men glucoz.B. Thu phn dn xut etyl halogenua trong mi trng kim.

C. Cho etilen tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long, nng.D. Cho hn hp etilen v hi nc qua thp cha H3PO4.

Cu 2.53 Fructoz khng phn ng vi cht no sau y?A. H2/Ni, to. B.

Cu(OH)2.

C. dung dch brom. D.AgNO3/NH3.

Cu 2.54 Phn ng no sau y chng t glucoz c dng mch vng?

A. phn ng vi Cu(OH)2. B. phn ng viAgNO3/NH3.

C. phn ng vi H2/Ni, to. D. phn ng viCH3OH/HCl.

II- BI TP NNG CAO

Cu 2.55 Phn ng tng hp glucoz trong cy xanh cn c cung cp nng lng l 2813kJcho mi mol glucoz to thnh.

6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2Nu trong mt pht, mi cm2 l xanh nhn c khong 2,09J nng lng mt tri, nhng

ch 10% c s dng vo phn ng tng hp glucoz. Vi mt ngy nng (t 6h00 17h00)din tch l xanh l 1m2, lng glucoz tng hp c bao nhiu?

A. 88,26g.B. 88.32g.C. 90,26g.D. 90,32g.

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Cu 2.56 Cho 10kg glucoz cha 10% tp cht, ln men thnh ancol etylic. Trong qu trnh chbin, ancol b hao ht 5%. Khi lng ancol etylic thu c bng bao nhiu?

A. 4,65kg.B. 4,37kg.

C. 6,84kg.

D. 5,56kg.Cu 2.57 Ln men a g glucoz, cho ton b lng CO2 sinh ra hp th vo dung dch nc vitrong to thnh 10g kt ta. Khi lng dung dch so vi ban u gim 3,4g. Bit hiu sut caqu trnh ln men l 90%, gi tr ca a l

A. 12.B. 13.C. 14.D. 15.

Cu 2.58 Cho 4 cht hu c X, Y, Z, T. Khi oxi ho hon ton tng cht u cho cng kt qu:C to ra 4,4g CO2 th km theo 1,8g H2O v cn mt th tch oxi va ng bng th tch CO2 thuc. T l phn t khi ca X, Y, Z, T ln lt l 6:1:3:2 v s nguyn t cacbon trong mi chtkhng nhiu hn 6. Cng thc phn t ca X, Y, Z, T ln lt l

A. C6H12O6, C3H6O3, CH2O, C2H4O2. B. C6H12O6, C3H6O3, C2H4O2, CH2O.

C. C6H12O6, CH2O, C3H6O3, C2H4O2. D. C6H12O6, CH2O, C2H4O2, C3H6O3.Cu 2.59 Saccaroz u tc dng c vi nhm cht no sau y ?(1) H2/Ni, to; (2) Cu(OH)2; (3) [Ag(NH3)2]OH; (4) CH3COOH (H2SO4 c)

A. (1), (2). B. (2),(4).

C. (2), (3). D. (1),(4).

Cu 2.60 Mt cacbohirat (Z) c cc phn ng din ra theo s chuyn ho sauZ

Cu(OH)2/NaOH to

Vy Z khng th l

A. glucoz. B.saccaroz.

C. fructoz. D. mantoz.

Cu 2.61 t chy hon ton 0,01 mol mt cacbohirat (X), thu c 5,28g CO2 v 1,98g H2O.Bit rng, t l khi lng H v O trong X l 0,125:1. Cng thc phn t ca X l

A. C6H12O6. B. C12H24O12.

C. C12H22O11. D. (C6H10O5)n.Cu 2.62 Cho m g tinh bt ln men sn xut ancol etylic, ton b lng CO2 sinh ra cho quadung dch Ca(OH)2 d, thu c 750,0g kt ta. Bit hiu sut mi giai on ln men l 80%. Gitr m cn dng l bao nhiu ?

A. 940,0. B.949,2.

C. 950,5. D.1000,0.

27

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Cu 2.63 Cho s chuyn i sau (E, Q, X, Y, Z l hp cht hu c, mi mi tn biu th mtphn ng ho hc). Cng thc ca E, Q, X, Y, Z ph hp vi s sau l

E

Q

CO2

C2H5OH

X

Z

Y

E Q X Y Z

A. C12H22O11 C6H12O6 CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5 CH3COONa

B. (C6H10O5)n C6H12O6 CH3CHO CH3COOH CH3COOC2H5C. (C6H10O5)n C6H12O6 CH3CHO CH3COONH4 CH3COOH

D. A, B, C u sai.

Cu 2.64 Xenluloz trinitrat l cht d chy v n mnh, c u ch t xenluloz v axit nitric.

Mun iu ch 29,70kg xenluloz trinitrat (hiu sut 90%) th th tch axit nitric 96% (D=1,52g/ml) cn dng l bao nhiu ?

A. 14,39 lt. B.15,00 lt.

C. 15,39 lt. D.24,39 lt.Cu 2.65 Chn cu ng trong cc cu sau:

A. Xenluloz v tinh bt c phn t khi nh.

B. Xenluloz c phn t khi nh hn tinh bt.

C. Xenluloz v tinh bt c phn t khi gn bng nhau.

D. Xenluloz v tinh bt u c phn t khi rt ln, nhng phn t khi caxenluloz ln hn nhiu so vi tinh bt.

Cu 2.66 sn xut ancol etylic ngi ta dng nguyn liu l mn ca v v bo t g cha50% xenluloz. Nu mun iu ch mt tn ancol etylic, hiu sut qu trnh l 70% th khilng nguyn liu xp x

A. 5031kg.B. 5000kg.

C. 5100kg.D. 6200kg.

Cu 2.67 Chn pht biu sai:

A. C th phn bit mantoz v ng nho bng v gic.B. Tinh bt v xenluloz khng th hin tnh kh v trong phn t khng c nhm

chc anehit (CH=O).

C. Tinh bt c phn ng mu vi iot do tinh bt c cu to mch dng xon c lrng.

D. C th phn bit glucoz v saccaroz bng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 /OH-, to.

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Cu 2.68 Cho xenluloz phn ng vi anhirit axetic (xc tc H2SO4 c), thu c 11,1g hnhp X gm xenluloz triaxetat, xenluloz iaxetat v 6,6g CH3COOH. Thnh phn % theo khilng ca xenluloz triaxetat v xenluloz iaxetat trong X ln lt l

A. 77% v 23%. B.77,84% v 22,16%.

C. 76,84% v 23,16%. D. 70% v30%.Cu 2.69 Ln men 1 tn tinh bt cha 5% tp cht tr thnh ancol etylic, hiu sut ca mi qutrnh ln men l 85%. Khi lng ancol thu c l

A. 400kg.B. 398,8kg.C. 389,8kg.D. 390kg.

Cu 2.70 Pha long 389,8kg ancol etylic thnh ancol 40o, bit khi lng ring ca ancol etylic l0,8 g/cm3. Th tch dung dch ancol thu c l

A. 1206,25 lt. B.1246,25 lt.

C. 1218,125 lt. D. ttc u sai.Cu 2.71 Kh cacbonic chim t l 0,03% th tch khng kh. Mun to ra 500g tinh bt th cnbao nhiu lt khng kh (ktc) cung cp lng CO2 cho phn ng quang hp? Gi thit hiusut qu trnh l 100%

A. 1382666,7 lt. B.1382600 lt.

C. 1402666,7 lt. D. ttc u sai.Cu 2.72 t chy hon ton 0,0855g mt cacbohirat X. Sn phm c dn vo nc vitrong thu c 0,1g kt ta v dung dch A, ng thi khi lng dung dch tng 0,0815g. unnng dung dch A li c 0,1g kt ta na. Bit khi lm bay hi 0,4104g X thu c th tch khng bng th tch 0,0552g hn hp hi ancol etylic v axit fomic o trong cng iu kin. Cngthc phn t ca X l

A. C12H22O11. B. C6H12O6.C. (C6H10O5)n. D. C18H36O18.

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P N V HNG DN GII CHNG II

2.1A

2.2B

2.3C

2.4D

2.5C

2.6C

2.7A

2.8C

2.9B

2.10D

2.11B

2.12C

2.13A

2.14A

2.15A

2.16B

2.17D

2.18B

2.19C

2.20D

2.21A

2.22B

2.23C

2.24D

2.25B

2.26B

2.27D

2.28C

2.29B

2.30A

2.31A

2.32B

2.33C

2.34C

2.35A

2.36B

2.37C

2.38D

2.39C

2.40C

2.41B

2.42D

2.43A

2.44C

2.45A

2.46C

2.47B

2.48B

2.49D

2.50C

2.51B

2.52B

2.53C

2.54D

2.55A

2.56B

2.57D

2.58C

2.59B

2.60B

2.61C

2.62B

2.63B

2.64A

2.65D

2.66A

2.67A

2.68B

2.69C

2.70C

2.71A 2.72A

CHNG III. AMIN AMINO AXIT PROTEIN

A MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG1. Cu to phn t: Cc nhm c trng

R NH2; R CH COOH;

RNH2

H2 N CH CO NH CH COOH

1 Rn

...

amin - amino axit peptit

2. Tnh chta) Tnh cht ca nhm NH2+ Tnh baz

R NH2 + H2O [R NH3]+ + OH-

Tc dng vi axit cho mui:

R NH2 + HCl [R NH3]+Cl-

Lu : Miyu t lm tng mt electron nguyn t nit trong phn t amin trung ho ni

chung u lm tng tnh baz(tr trng hp chu nh hng ca hiu ng che chn khng gianv kh nng solvat ho trong dung mi nc).

Nhng nhm y electron, chng hn cc gc ankyl c hiu ng +I, s lm cho tnhbaz tng ln.

Ngc li nhm phenyl c hiu ng C ht electron, s lm tnh baz yu i.V vy cc amin mch h c tnh baz mnh hn (dung dch trong nc ca chng c th

lmxanh giy qu) so vi amin thm (Anilin khng lm xanh giy qu).

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iu ny c gii thch l: Amin thm cha vng benzen ht electron, ng thi trongphn t xut hin hiu ng lin hp p - theo chiu chuyn dch electron hng vo vngbenzen, lm gim mt in tch m nguyn t N, do kh nng nhn proton ca anilingim.

V nguyn tc, cng thay th nhiu nguyn t H trong phn t NH 3 bng nhng nhmc hiu ng y electron +I tnh baz cng tng, ngc li cng c nhiu nhm gy hiu ng Ctnh baz s cng gim. V vy, ta c th vit:

(CH3)2NH > CH3NH2 > NH3 > C6H5NH2 > (C6H5)2NH > (C6H5)3N.

+ Tc dng vi HNO2Da vo kh nng phn ng khc nhau i vi HNO2 ca cc amin mi bc, ngi ta c

th phn bit c chng. Thc t HNO2 khng bn, nn phi dng hn hp (NaNO2 + HCl).

Amin bc 1Amin bo bc 1

Tc dng vi axit nitr to ancol tng ng v gii phng kh nit (hin tng si btkh).

R NH2 + HONO R OH + N2 + H2OHCl

Th d: C2H5NH2 + HONONaNO +HCl

2 C2H5OH + N2 + H2O

Amin thm bc 1

Tc dng vi axit nitr trong mi trng axit nhit thp to mui iazoni, un nngdung dch mui iazoni s to ra phenol v gii phng nit.

ArNH2 + HNO2 + HCl ArN2+Cl- hay ArN2Cl

0-5oC-2H2O

Th d: C6H5NH2+HONO+HClNaNO +HCl

2

+ -ClC H N N

6 5

+2H2O (1*)

(anilin) (phenyliazoni clorua)

un nng dung dch mui iazoni:

+ -ClC H N N6 5 + H2O

0t C6H5OH + N2+ HCl (2*)

Lu : Trong cng thc phn t khng cn vit cc phn ng (1* v 2*), ch cn nu hin tng.

Amin bc 2Cc amin bc 2 thuc dy thm hay dy bo u d dng phn ng vi HNO 2 to thnh

nitrozamin (Nitroso) mu vng:

R(R)N H +HO N=O R(R)N N =O + H2O(Nitroso mu vng)

Amin bc 3: Khng phn ng (khng c hin tng g).+ Tc dng vi dn xut halogen:

R NH2 + CH3I R NHCH3 + HI

b) Amino axit c tnh cht ca nhm COOHTnh axit

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RCH(NH2)COOH + NaOH RCH(NH2)COONa + H2OPhn ng este ho:

RCH(NH2)COOH + R OH RCH(NH2)COOR + H2OH2SO41 1

c) Amino axit c phn ng gia nhm COOH v nhm NH2To mui ni (ion lng cc):

R

H2 N CH COOH

R

H3N+ CH COO-

Phn ng trng ngng ca cc - v - amino axit to poliamit:

nH2 N [CH2]5 COOH NH [CH2]5 CO + nH2Oto

n

d) Protein c phn ng ca nhm peptit CO-NH+ Phn ng thu phn:

R

HN CH CO NH CH COOH + nH2O3 Rn

...

R2HN CH CO

R1H2 N CH CO

H2SO4hay enzim

R1H2 N CH COOH

R2H2 N CH COOH

R3H2 N CH COOH

RnH2 N CH2 COOH+ + + +...

+ Phn ng mu vi Cu(OH)2 cho dung dch mu xanh tm (dng nhn bit protein).e) Anilin v nhiu protein c phn ng th d dng nguyn t H ca vng benzen

+ 3Br2(dd) + 3HBr(dd)

NH2BrBr

NH2

Br

(dd)


1. C2H5NH2 + HONONaNO +HCl

2 C2H5OH + N2 + H2O

2. C6H5NH2+HONO+HClNaNO +HCl

2

+ -ClC H N N6 5 +2H2O

3.

+ -ClC H N N6 5 + H2O C6H5OH + N2+ HCl

4. R(R)N H +HO N=O0t R(R)N N =O + H2O

(nitroso mu vng)

5. CH3 NH2 + H2O CH3 NH3+ + OH-

6. CH3NH2 + HCOOH HCOONH3CH3metylamoni fomiat

7. C6H5NH2 + HCl C6H5NH3Clphenylamoni clorua

8. CH3NH3Cl + NaOH CH3NH2 + NaCl + H2O9. C6H5NH2 + CH3COOH CH3COONH3C6H510. C6H5NH2 + H2SO4 C6H5NH3HSO4

32

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11. 2C6H5NH2 + H2SO4 [C6H5NH3]2SO412.

H2N H2N SO3H+ H2SO4 + H2O180oC

13.

+ 3Br2(dd) + 3HBr(dd)

NH2BrBr

NH2

Br

(dd)

14. RNO2 + 6 [ ]H Fe +HCl RNH2 + 2H2O

15. C6H5NO2 + 6 [ ]H Fe +HCl C6H5NH2 + 2H2OCng c th vit:16. RNO2 + 6HCl + 3Fe RNH2 + 3FeCl2 + 2H2O

17. R OH + NH3Al O P2 3, RNH2 + H2O

18. 2R OH + NH3Al O P2 3, (R)2NH + 2H2O

19. 3R OH + NH3Al O P2 3, (R)3N + 3H2O

20. R Cl + NH3 2 50C H OH

100 C R NH2 + HCl

21. R NH2 + HCl R NH3Cl

22. R Cl + NH3 2 50C H OH

100 C R NH3Cl

23. R NH3Cl + NaOH R NH2 + NaCl + H2O

24. 2R Cl + NH3 2 50C H OH

100 C (R)2 NH + 2HCl

25. 3R Cl + NH3 2 50C H OH

100 C (R)3 N + 3HCl

26. H2NRCOOH H2NRCOO- + H+ H3N

+R COO-

27. H2NR(COOH)a + aNaOH H2N(COONa)a + aH2O28. 2(H2N)bR(COOH)a + aBa(OH)2 [(H2N)bR(COO)a]2Baa + 2aH2O

29. H2NRCOOH + Na H2NRCOONa +1

2H2

30. (H2N)b R (COOH)a + aNa (H2N)bR(COONa)a +a

2H2

31. 2(H2N)bR(COOH)a + aNa2O 2(H2N)b R(COONa)a + aH2O

32. H2 NRCOOH + ROH HC l

H2 NRCOOR + H2O

33. H2 NRCOOH + ROH + HCl HC l [H3N+RCOOR]Cl- + H2O

34. [H3N+RCOOR]Cl- + NH3 H2 NRCOOR + NH4Cl35. H2 NRCOOH + HCl ClH3NRCOOH36. 2(H2N)bR(COOH)a + bH2SO4 [(H3N)bR(COOH)a]2(SO4)b37. ClH3 NRCOOH + 2NaOH H2 NRCOONa + NaCl + H2O38. H2 NRCOOH + HONO HCl HORCOOH + N2 + H2O

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39.nH2N[CH2]5COOH NH[CH2]5CO n + nH2O

xt, to, p

40.nH2N[CH2]6COOH

xt, to, pHN[CH2]6CO + nH2On

41. CH3CH(Br)COOH + 3NH3 CH3CH(NH2)COONH4 + NH4Br

C- BI TP TRC NGHIM

I- BI TP C BN

Cu 3.1 S sp xp theo trt t tng dn tnh baz gia etylamin, phenylamin v amoniac ng lA. amoniac < etylamin < phenylamin. B. etylamin < amoniac < phenylamin.C. phenylamin < amoniac < etylamin. D. phenylamin < etylamin < amoniac.

Cu 3.2 Cch thun li nht nhn bit l ng dung dch CH3NH2 lA. nhn bit bng mi.B. thm vi git dung dch H2SO4.C. thm vi git dung dch Na2CO3D. a u a thu tinh nhng vo dung dch HCl m c ln pha trn ming

l ng dung dch CH3NH2.Cu 3.3 S lng ng phn ng vi cng thc phn t C3H9N l

A. 2. B. 3.C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 3.4 S lng ng phn amin bc 2 ng vi cng thc phn t C4H11N lA. 2. B. 3.C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 3.5 S lng ng phn amin c cha vng benzen ng vi cng thc phn t C7H9N lA. 2. B. 3.C. 4. D. 5.

Cu 3.6 Amino axit l mt hp cht hu c tp chc, trong phn t ca n va c nhm (1)va c nhm (2)nn va c tnh cht (3)va c tnh cht (4). Amino axit thngtn ti di dng (5)cn bng vi dng (6)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)

A. amin cacbonyl oxi ho Axit phn t phn t

B. amino cacboxyl baz Axition lng

ccphn t

C. hiroxyl metylen kh oxi ho cation anionD. xeton metyl axit lng tnh nguyn t cation

Cu 3.7 C 3 cht hu c gm NH2CH2COOH, CH3CH2COOH v CH3[CH2]3NH2. nhn radung dch ca cc hp cht trn, ch cn dng thuc th no sau y?

A. NaOH. B. HCl.

C. CH3OH/HCl. D. qu tm.

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Cu 3.8 Este A c iu ch t amino axit B (ch cha C, H, O, N) v ancol metylic. T khihi ca A so vi H2 l 44,5. t chy hon ton 8,9g este A thu c 13,2g CO 2, 6,3g H2O v1,12 lt N2 (ktc). Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A, B ln lt l

A. CH(NH2)2COOCH3; CH(NH2)2COOH.

B. CH2(NH2)COOH; CH2(NH2)COOCH3.

C. CH2(NH2)COOCH3; CH2(NH2)COOH.D. CH(NH2)2COOH; CH(NH2)2COOCH3.

Cu 3.9 Thuc th no di y dng phn bit cc dung dch glucoz, glixerol, etanol vlng trng trng?

A. NaOH. B.AgNO3/NH3.

C. Cu(OH)2. D. HNO3.Cu 3.10 Khi thu phn 500g protein A thu c 170g alanin. Nu phn t khi ca A l 50.000,th s mt xch alanin trong phn t A l bao nhiu?

A. 189. B. 190.

C. 191. D. 192.Cu 3.11 Cht no sau y khng c phn ng vi dung dch C2H5NH2 trong H2O?

A. HCl.B. H2SO4.

C. NaOH. D. qutm.Cu 3.12 Glixin phn ng c vi tt c cc cht trong nhm cht no sau y (iu kin phnng xem nh c ):

A. Qu tm , HCl , NH3 , C2H5OH.B. NaOH, HCl, C

2H

5OH, CH

2COOH.

NH2C. Phenoltalein , HCl , C2H5OH , Na.

D. Na , NaOH , Br2 , C2H5OH.Cu 3.13 Tm cng thc cu to ca hp cht hu c X cha 32% C; 6,667% H; 42,667% O;18,666% N. Bit phn t X c mt nguyn t N v X c kh nng tham gia phn ng trngngng.

A. H2NCH2COOH. B. C2H5NO2.

C. HCOONH3CH3. D. CH3COONH4.Cu 3.14 Hp cht hu c A c cng thc phn t l C3H7O2N, A tc dng c vi dung dchNaOH, dung dch HCl v lm mt mu dung dch brom. Cng thc cu to ng ca A l

A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH. B. CH2=CHCOONH4.

C. HCOOCH2CH2NH2. D. H2NCH2CH2COOH.Cu 3.15 Cho cc cht: etylen glicol (1), axit aminoaxetic (2), axit oxalic (3), axitacrylic (4). Nhng cht c th tham gia phn ng trng ngng l

A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (2).

C. Ch c (2). D. Cbn cht.

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C. phn t lun c lin kt .

D. mch cacbon trong phn t c lin kt .

Cu 3.24 X l mt axit -monoamino monocacboxylic, c t khi hi so vi khng kh l 3,07.X l

A. glixin. B. alanin.

C. axit - aminobutiric. D. axit glutamic.Cu 3.25 Khi un nng cht bo vi dung dch kim ....

A. lun thu c glixerol v phn ng xy ra thun nghch.B. lun thu c glixerol, phn ng xy ra nhanh hn v mt chiu.

C. lun thu c mui ca axit bo v phn ng xy ra thun nghch.

D. lun thu c x phng, phn ng xy ra chm hn.

Chn mt phng n trong s cc phng n trn in vo ch trng trong cu sao chong ngha ho hc.Cu 3.26 Amino axit l

A. hp cht hu c a chc, c cha 2 nhm chc COOH v NH2.B. hp cht hu c a chc, c cha 2 loi nhm chc COOH v NH2.

C. hp cht hu c tp chc, c cha 2 nhm chc COOH v NH2.

D. hp cht hu c tp chc, c cha 2 loi nhm chc COOH v NH2.Cu 3.27 Cng thc tng qut ca amino axit l

A. RCH(NH2)COOH. B. R(NH2)x(COOH)y.

C. R(NH2)(COOH). D.RCH(NH3Cl)COOH.Cu 3.28 Chn cu pht biu sai:

A. Amino axit l hp cht hu c tp chc.B. Tnh baz ca C6H5NH2 yu hn NH3.

C. Cng thc tng qut ca amin no, mch h, n chc l CnH2n + 3N (n 1).

D. Dung dch ca cc amino axit u lm qu tm chuyn sang mu .Cu 3.29 Hai phng trnh phn ng ho hc sau, chng minh c nhn nh rng:

H2NCH2COOH + NaOH H2NCH2COONa + H2O.

H2NCH2COOH + HCl HOOCCH2NH3Cl.

A. Glixin l mt axit. B. Glixin l mt baz.C. Glixin l mt cht lng tnh. D. Glixin l mt cht trung tnh.

Cu 3.30 Hp cht hu c X c cng thc cu to thu gn: HOOCCH 2CH2CH(NH2)COOH. Tngi ca X lA. glixin. B. alanin.

C. axit aipic. D. axit glutamic.Cu 3.31 Cho s chuyn ho sau:

X Y CH3 CH COO C2H5H2SO4

- Na2SO4

C2H5OH, H2SO4, to

NH3HSO4

- Na2SO4

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Cng thc cu to ph hp ca X, Y ln lt lA. CH3 CH COONa, CH3 CH COOH.

NH2 NH2

B. CH3 CH COONa, CH3 CH COOH.

NH3HSO4 NH2C. CH3 CH COONa, CH3 CH COOH.

NH2 NH3HSO4

D. CH3 CH COOH, CH3 CH COOH.

NH3HSO4 NH2

Cu 3.32 Phng trnh phn ng ho hc sau chng minh c rng:

H2NCH2COOH + C2H5OH H2NCH2COOC2H5 + H2O.H+, to

A. H ni vi O ca ancol linh ng hn axit. B. Glixin c nhm NH2.

C. H ni vi O ca axit linh ng hn ancol. D. Glixin c nhm COOH.Cu 3.33 iu khng nh no sau y l sai ?

A. Phn t khi ca mt amin n chc lun l s chn.B. Amino axit c tnh lng tnh.

C. Amino axit tham gia phn ng trng ngng.

D. Amin n chc u cha mt s l nguyn t H trong phn t.

Cu 3.34 Mui ca axit glutamic dng lm bt ngt (cn gi l m chnh), c cng thc cu tothu gn l

A. HOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COOH.

B. NaOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COOH.

C. HOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COONH4.

D. NaOOC CH2 CH2 CH(NH2) COONa.Cu 3.35 Cng thc cu to thu gn ca axit 2 amino 3 phenylpropanoic lA. CH2 CH COOH.

C. CH3 CH2 CH COOH.

NH2 C6H5

C6H5 NH2

B. CH2 CH COOH.

D. CH3 CH2 CH COOH.

C6H5 NH2

NH2 C6H5Cu 3.36 Chn cu pht biu sai:

A. Protein c trong mi b phn ca c th ng vt l hp cht hu c a chc.

B. Cc protein u cha cc nguyn t C , H , O , N.

C. nhit thng di tc dng ca men, protein b thu phn to ra cc aminoaxit.

D. Mt s protein b ng t khi un nng.

Cu 3.37 iu ch glixin theo s : Axit axetic axit cloaxetic glixin. Cn dng thm cc

cht phn ng no sau y (khng k xc tc):A. Hiroclorua v amoniac. B. Clo v amin.

C. Axit clohiric v mui amoni. D. Clo v amoniac.

Cu 3.38 Tnh baz ca amin no trong s cc amin sau y l yu nht ?A. anilin.B. iphenylamin.

C. triphenylamin.D. khng xc nh c.

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Cu 3.39 Sn phm ca phn ng este ho gia amino axit X v metanol thu c este c t khihi so vi propin bng 2,225. Tn gi ca X l

A. alanin.B. glixin.

C. axit glutamic. D. tt

c A, B, C u sai.Cu 3.40 Cho dung dch metylamin n d vo cc dung dch sau: FeCl 3, CuSO4, Zn(NO3)2,CH3COOK th s lng kt ta thu c l

A. 0.B. 1.

C. 2.D. 3.

Cu 3.41 Cho 15g hn hp cc amin gm anilin, metylamin, imetylamin, ietylmetylamin tcdng va vi 50ml dung dch HCl 1M. Khi lng sn phm thu c c gi tr l

A. 16,825g.

B. 20,18g.C. 21,123g.D. khng d kin tnh.

Cu 3.42 Cho dung dch metylamin n d vo cc dung dch sau: (CH3COO)2Cu,(CH3COO)2Pb, (CH3COO)2Mg, CH3COOAg, th s lng kt ta thu c l

A. 0.B. 1.

C. 2.D. 3.

Cu 3.43 Khi nu canh cua, riu cua ni ln c gii thch l do:

A. Cc cht bn trong cua cha c lm sch ht.B. C phn ng ho hc ca NaCl vi cht c trong nc lc khi xay (gi) cua.

C. S ng t ca protit.D. Tt c cc nguyn nhn nu A, B, C.

Cu 3.44 iu ch anilin bng cch kh nitrobenzen th dng cht kh no sau y ?A. NH3.B. kh H2.

C. cacbon. D. Fe +dung dch HCl.

Cu 3.45 Hn hp (X) gm hai amin n chc. Cho 1,52g X tc dng va vi 200ml dungdch HCl thu c 2,98g mui. Tng s mol hai amin v nng mol/l ca dung dch HCl l

A. 0,04 mol v 0,2M. B. 0,02 mol v 0,1M.C. 0,06 mol v 0,3M. D. kt qu khc.

Cu 3.46 Cho 3,04g hn hp Y gm hai amin n chc, no, mch h tc dng va vi dungdch HCl thu c 5,96g mui. Bit trong hn hp, s mol hai amin bng nhau. Cng thc phnt ca hai amin l

A. CH5N v C2H7N. B. C 3H9N v C2H7N.

C. C3H9N v C4H11N. D. kt qu khc.

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Cu 3.47 Hp cht hu c (X) c cng thc phn t CxHyNO c khi lng phn t bng 113u.X c c im cu to v cc tnh cht sau: phn t c mch cacbon khng phn nhnh, khnglm mt mu dung dch Br2, khi tc dng vi dung dch NaOH ch thu c sn phm hu c duynht. Ngoi ra, X cn c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng hp. Cng thc cu to ca X l

CH2 CH2 CH2

CH2 CH2 NHC = O.A. B. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 C NH2.

O

C. H2N[CH2]4 CHO. D. kt qu khc.Cu 3.48 Hy ch ra cu sai trong cc cu sau:

A. Cc amin u kt hp vi proton.

B. Tnh baz ca cc amin u mnh hn NH3.

C. Metylamin c tnh baz mnh hn anilin.

D. Cng thc tng qut ca amin no, mch h l CnH2n+2+kNk.Cu 3.49 t chy hon ton hn hp hai amin no, n chc, l ng ng lin tip, thu c2,24 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 3,6g H2O. Cng thc phn t ca 2 amin l

A. CH5N v C2H7N. B. C 2H7N v C3H9N.C. C3H9N v C4H11N. D. kt qu khc.

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II- BI TP NNG CAO

Cu 3.50 C hai amin bc mt gm A (ng ng ca anilin) v B (ng ng ca metylamin).t chy hon ton 3,21g amin A sinh ra kh CO2, hi H2O v 336 cm3 kh N2 (ktc). Khi tchy amin B thy

2 2CO H OV : V 2 : 3= . Bit rng tn ca A c tip u ng para. Cng thc cu

to ca A, B ln lt l

NH2

CH3

CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2.,B.

NH2

CH3

C4H9-NH2.,A.

CH3-C6H4-NH2 CH3-CH2-CH2-NH2.,C. CH3-C6H4-NH2 CH3-CH-NH2.CH3

,D.

Cu 3.51 t chy hon ton m g mt amin A bng lng khng kh va , thu c 17,6g khcacbonic, 12,6g hi nc v 69,44 lt kh nit. Gi thit khng kh ch gm nit v oxi, trong

nit chim 80% th tch (cc V o ktc). Gi tr m v tn gi ca amin lA. 9, etylamin. B. 7,imetylamin.

C. 8, etylamin. D. 9,etylamin hoc imetylamin.

Cu 3.52 Khi t chy hon ton mt amin n cht X, ngi ta thu c 10,125g H 2O, 8,4 ltkh CO2 v 1,4 lt N2 (cc V o ktc). X c cng thc phn t l

A. C4H11N.B. C2H7N.

C. C3H9N.

D. C5H13N.Cu 3.53 Cho 20g hn hp gm 3 amin no, n chc l ng ng lin tip ca nhau, tc dngva vi dung dch HCl, c cn dung dch thu c 31,68g hn hp mui. Nu 3 amin trnc trn theo t l s mol 1:10:5 v th t phn t khi tng dn th cng thc phn t ca 3amin l

A. C2H7N, C3H9N, C4H11N. B. C 3H9N, C4H11N, C5H13N.

C. C3H7N, C4H9N, C5H11N. D. CH 3N, C2H7N, C3H9N.

Cu 3.54 Dung dch X cha HCl v H2SO4 c pH = 2. trung ho hon ton 0,59g hn hp 2amin no, n chc, bc I (c s nguyn t C nh hn hoc bng 4) phi dng mt lt dung dch X.Cng thc phn t ca hai amin ln lt l

A. CH3NH2 v C4H9NH2. B. C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2.C. C2H5NH2 v C4H9NH2. D. A v C ng.

Cu 3.55 Khi t chy mi ng ng ca ankylamin, th t l th tchX =

2 2CO H OV : V bin i nh th no theo s lng nguyn t cacbon tng dn trong phn t ?

A. 0,4 X < 1,2. B. 0,8 X < 2,5.

C. 0,4 X < 1. D. 0,75 < X 1.

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Cu 3.56 t chy hon ton mt amin thm X thu c 3,08g CO2, 0,99g H2O v 336ml N2(ktc). trung ho 0,1 mol X cn 600ml dung dch HCl 0,5M. Bit X l amin bc I, cng thccu to thu gn c th c ca X l

A. CH3C6H2(NH2)3. B. CH3NHC6H3(NH2)2.

C. H2NCH2C6H3(NH2)2. D. c A, C u ng.

Cu 3.57 Cc cht A, B, C c cng cng thc phn t C 4H9O2N. Bit A tc dng vi c HCl vNa2O; B tc dng vi H mi sinh to ra B; B tc dng vi HCl to ra B; B tc dng viNaOH to ra B; C tc dng vi NaOH to ra mui v NH3. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca A, B,C ln lt l

A. C4H9NO2, H2NC3H6COOH, C3H5COONH4.

B. H2NC3H6COOH, C3H5COONH4, C4H9NO2.

C. C3H5COONH4,H2NC3H6COOH, C4H9NO2.

D. H2NC3H6COOH, C4H9NO2, C3H5COONH4.

Cu 3.58 Mt hp cht hu c A mch thng c cng thc phn t l C3H10O2N2. A tc dng vikim to thnh NH3. Mt khc, A tc dng vi dung dch axit to thnh mui amin bc I. Cngthc cu to ca A l

A. H2NCH2CH2COONH4. B. CH3CH(NH2)COONH4.

C. A v B u ng. D. A v B u sai.

Cu 3.59Nhng t hay cm t thch hp vi nhng ch trng cc cu trong on vn sau l

Amin l nhng hp cht hu c c to thnh (1)mt hay nhiu (2)trong phnt amoniac bi (3). Amino axit l loi hp cht hu c ...(4)m phn t cha (5). Vc nhm (6) v nhm (7) trong phn t, amino axit biu hin tnh cht (8)v tnhcht c bit l phn ng (9)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

A.khithayth

nguynt hiro

mt hay nhiugc hirocacbon

lungtnh

ng thi nhmcacboxyl vnhm amino

tpchc cacboxyl amino

trngngng

B.khithayth

cacboxyl mt hay nhiugc hirocacbon

tpchc


aminonguynt hiro

lungtnh

trngngng

C.khithayth

nguynt hiro

mt hay nhiugc hirocacbon

tpchc


amino cacboxyllungtnh

trngngng

D.

nguyn thir

o

khi thayth mt hay nhiu

gc hirocacbontp

chc


amino cacboxyllungtnh

trngngng

Cu 3.60 Amino axit X cha mt nhm chc amin bc I trong phn t. t chy hon ton mtlng X thu c CO2 v N2 theo t l th tch 4:1. X l hp cht no sau y?

A. H2NCH2COOH. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH.

C. H2NCH(NH2)COOH. D. tt c u sai.

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Cu 3.61 Khi t chy hon ton ng ng X ca axit aminoaxetic, thu c2 2CO H O

V : V 6 : 7= .Cng thc cu to thu gn c th c ca X l

A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH, H2NCH2CH2COOH, CH3NHCH2COOH.B. H2N[CH2]3COOH, CH3CH(NH2)CH2COOH, CH3NH[CH2]2COOH.

C. H2N[CH2]4COOH, H2NCH(NH2)[CH2]2COOH, CH3NH[CH2]3COOH.

D. kt qu khc.Cu 3.62 Hp cht X cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, N v c phn t khi l 89. Khi t chy 1mol X thu c hi nc, 3 mol CO2 v 0,5 mol N2. Bit rng, X va tc dng c vi dungdch HCl va tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH, ngoi ra cn tc dng c vi nc brom. Xl hp cht no sau y?

A. H2N-CH=CH-COOH. B. CH 2=C(NH2)-COOH.C. CH2=CH-COONH4. D. c A, B, C u sai.

Cu 3.63 Hp cht hu c X c phn t khi nh hn phn t khi ca benzen, ch cha nguynt C, H, O, N trong hiro chim 9,09%, nit chim 18,18%. t chy 7,7g cht X, thu c4,928 lt kh CO2 (o 27,3oC, 1atm). Bit X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH v dung dch HCl.

Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X lA. H2NCH2COOH.

B. CH3COONH4 hoc HCOONH3CH3.

C. C2H5COONH4 hoc HCOONH3CH3.

D. c A, B, C u sai.Cu 3.64 Cho a g hn hp hai amino axit A, B u no, mch h, khng phn nhnh , cha 1 chcaxit, 1 chc amino tc dng vi 40,15g dung dch HCl 20% c dung dch A. tc dng htvi cc cht trong dung dch A, cn 140ml dung dch KOH 3M. Mt khc, t chy a g hn hphai amino axit trn v cho sn phm chy qua dung dch NaOH d, th thy khi lng bnh nytng thm 32,8g. Bit rng, khi t chy thu c kh nit dng n cht. Cho t l phn t khi

ca chng l 1,37. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca hai amino axit ln lt lA. H2N[CH2]3COOH, H2NCH2COOH.B. H2NCH2COOH, H2N[CH2]3COOH.

C. H2N[CH2]4COOH, H2NCH2COOH.

D. c A, B u ng.

Cu 3.65 A l mt amino axit trong phn t ngoi cc nhm cacboxyl v amino khng c nhmchc no khc. Bit 0,1 mol A phn ng va ht vi 100ml dung dch HCl 1M to ra 18,35gmui. Mt khc, 22,05g A khi tc dng vi mt lng NaOH d, to ra 28,65g mui khan. Bit Ac cu to mch khng phn nhnh v nhm amino v tr . Cng thc cu to thu gn ca Al

A. HOOCCH(NH2)COOH. B.HOOCCH2CH(NH2)COOH.

C. HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH. D. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH.

Cu 3.66 X l mt -amino axit no ch cha mt nhm NH 2 v mt nhm COOH. Cho 15,1gX tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c 18,75g mui ca X. Cng thc cu to ca X l

A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH. B.H2NCH2CH2COOH.

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C. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH. D. kt qu khc.

Cu 3.67 Chn pht biu sai:A. Thu phn protein bng axit khi un nng s cho mt hn hp cc amino axit.

B. Phn t khi ca mt amino axit (gm mt chc amino v mt chc cacboxyl) lunlun l s l.

C. Cc amino axit u tan trong nc.D. Dung dch amino axit khng lm giy qu i mu.

Cu 3.68 Hy in nhng t hoc cm t thch hp vo cc ch trng cc cu sau- Protein c trong - Cc protein u cha cc nguyn t

- nhit thng di tc dng ca men, protein to ra cc amino axit.

- Mt s protein b khi un nng hoc khi cho thm mt s ho cht.

(1) mi b phn ca c th; (2) b thu phn; (3) cacbon, hiro, oxi, nit; (4) ng t

Nhng t hoc cm t thch hp theo trnh t t trn xung l

A. (1), (2), (3), (4). B. (1), (3), (2), (4).C. (1), (4), (3), (2). D. (4), (2), (3), (1).

Cu 3.69 Cu khng nh no sau y lun ng:A. Phn t khi ca mt amin n chc lun l s chn.

B. Amin lun lun phn ng vi H+.C. Mi amin n chc u cha mt s l s nguyn t H trong phn t.

D. B v C u ng.

Cu 3.70 Cho cc cht: (1) amoniac; (2) anilin; (3) p-nitroanilin; (4) p-nitrotoluen; (5)metylamin; (6) imetylamin. Trnh t tnh baz tng dn theo chiu t tri sang phi l

A. (1) < (4) < (3) < (2) < (5) < (6). B. (2) < (1) < (3) < (4) < (5) < (6).C. (4) < (3) < (2) < (1) < (5) < (6). D. (1) < (2) < (4) < (3) < (5) < (6).

Cu 3.71 t chy hon ton 0,02 mol mt amin bc I (X) vi lng oxi va , thu ton b snphm qua bnh cha nc vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh ng nc vi trong tng 3,2g vcn li 0,448 lt (ktc) mt kh khng b hp th, khi lc dung dch thu c 4,0g kt ta. X ccng thc cu to no sau y?

A. CH3CH2NH2. B.H2NCH2CH2NH2.

C. CH3CH(NH2)2. D. B, C u ng.

Cu 3.72 Amino axit (Y) c cng thc dng NCxHy(COOH)m. Ly mt lng axit aminoaxetic

(X) v 3,82g (Y). Hai cht (X) v (Y) c cng s mol. t chy hon ton lng (X) v (Y) trn,th tch kh oxi cn dng t chy ht (Y) nhiu hn t chy ht (X) l 1,344 lt (ktc).Cng thc cu to thu gn ca (Y) l

A. CH3NHCH2COOH. B. H2NCH2CH2COOH.

C. N(CH2COOH)3. D. NC4H8(COOH)2.Cu 3.73 Hp cht X cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, N vi t l khi lng tng ng l 3:1:4:7.Bit phn t X c 2 nguyn t nit. Cng thc phn t ca X l

A. CH4ON2. B. C3H8ON2.

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C. C3H8O2N2. D. kt qu khc.

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P N V HNG DN GII CHNG III

3.1C

3.2D

3.3C

3.4B

3.5D

3.6B

3.7D

3.8C

3.9C

3.10C

3.11C

3.12B

3.13A

3.14B

3.15A

3.16A

3.17A

3.18A

3.19A

3.20A

3.21B

3.22B

3.23A

3.24B

3.25B

3.26D

3.27B

3.28D

3.29C

3.30D

3.31C

3.32D

3.33A

3.34B

3.35B

3.36A

3.37D

3.38C

3.39B

3.40B

3.41A

3.42C

3.43C

3.44D

3.45A

3.46A

3.47A

3.48B

3.49A

3.50B

3.51D

3.52C

3.53A

3.54D

5.55C

3.56D

3.57D

3.58C

3.59C

3.60A

3.61A

3.62C

3.63B

3.64D

3.65C

3.66D

3.67D

3.68B

3.69D

3.70C

3.71D

3.72C

3.73A

CHNG IV. POLIME

A- MT S VN L THUYT CN NM VNG

1. Khi nim v polimePolime l cc hp cht c phn t khi rt ln do nhiu n v nh gi l mt xch lin kt

vi nhau to nn.- S mt xch (n) trong phn t polime c gi l h s polime ho hay polime ho.

- Theo ngun gc, ta phn bit polime thin nhin, polime tng hp, polime nhn to (bntng hp).- Theo phn ng polime ho, ta phn bit polime trng hp v polime trng ngng.

Phn ng

Mc so snh

Trng hp Trng ngng

nh ngha

L qu trnh kt hpnhiu phn t nh gingnhau hoc tng t nhau

(monome) thnh phn tln (polime)

L qu trnh kt hpnhiu phn t nh thnhphn t ln (polime),

ng thi gii phngnhng phn t nh (nhH2O,)

Qu trnh n Monome Polime n Monome Polime+nH2O

Sn phm Polime trng hp Polime trng ngngKhi lung n.M = M.n n.M = M.n + n.18iu kin ca monome C lin kt i hoc vng

khng bnC hai nhm chc ckh nng phn ng tr

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ln

2. Cu trc

- Phn t polime c th tn ti dng mch khng phn nhnh, dng mch phn nhnh vdng mch khng gian.

- Phn t polime c th c cu to iu ho (nu cc mt xch ni vi nhau theo mt trtt xc nh) v khng iu ho (nu cc mt xch ni vi nhau khng theo mt trt t no c).

3. Tnh chta) Tnh cht vt l

Hu ht polime l cht rn, khng bay hi, khng c nhit nng chy xc nh, mt s tantrong cc dung mi hu c. a s polime c tnh do; mt s polime c tnh n hi, mt s ctnh dai, bn, c th ko thnh si.b) Tnh cht ho hc: c 3 loi phn ng

- Phn ng ct mch polime: Polime b gii trng nhit thch hp. Polime c nhmchc trong mch nh CO-NH, -COOCH2- d b thu phn khi c mt axit hay baz.

- Phn ng gi nguyn mch polime: Phn ng cng vo lin kt i hoc thay th ccnhm chc ngoi mch.Th d:

CH2 CH

OH

+ nNaOH + nCH3COONato

CH CH2

OCOCH3

n n

- Phn ng khu mch polime: Phn ng to cu ni gia cc mch (cu -S-S- hay -CH 2-)thnh polime mng khng gian hoc phn ng ko di thm mch polime.4. Khi nim v cc vt liu polime

- Cht do: vt liu polime c tnh do.

- T: vt liu polime hnh si, di v mnh.- Cao su: vt liu c tnh n hi.- Keo dn hu c: vt liu polime c kh nng kt ni chc chn hai mnh vt liu khc.- Vt liu compozit: vt liu t hp gm polime lm nha nn v cc vt liu v c, hu

c khc.


1. Nhaa) Nha PE

nCH2 CH2CH

2CH

2

xt, to, p

netilen polietilen(PE)

b) Nha PVC

nCH2 CH

Cl

CH2 CH

Cl

xt, to, p

vinyl clorua poli(vinyl clorua) (PVC)

n

c) Nha PS

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CH CH2C6H5

CH CH2C6H5

xt, to, pn

n

d) Nha PVA

CH2

CH OCOCH3

xt, to, p CH CH2OCOCH3 n

n

Thu phn PVA trong mi trng kim:

CH2 CH

OH

+ nNaOH + nCH3COONato

CH CH2

OCOCH3

n n

e) Nha PMM (thu tinh hu c - plexiglas)

nCH2 CH COOCH3

CH3

xt, to, p

metyl metacrylat poli(metyl metacrylat) (PMM)

CH CH2

CH3

COOCH3n

f) Nha PPF

Poli(phenol - fomanehit) (PPF) c 3 dng: nha novolac, nha rezol, nha rezit.

Nha novolac: Nu d phenol v xc tc axit.OH OH

CH2 n+ nHCHOH+, to + nH2On

Nha rezol: Nu d fomanehit v xc tc baz.OH

CH2

CH2OH

CH2 CH2 OH

CH2

...

...

Nha rezit (nha bakelt): Nha rezol nng chy (150oC) v ngui thu c nha c cu trcmng li khng gian.

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OH

CH2H2C

OH

CH2

CH2

OH

CH2

OH

CH2

H2C CH2

OH

CH2

CH2

OH

CH2

CH2

... ...

.

.

.

.

.

.

......

2. Cao su

a) Cao su bunanCH2=CHCH=CH2

0Na,t ( 2CH CH CH= )2 nCH

buta-1,3-ien (butaien) polibutaien (cao su buna)

b) Cao su isopren

nCH2 C CH CH2

CH3CH3

CH2 C CH CH2 nxt, to, p

poliisopren (cao su isopren)2-metylbuta-1,3-dien (isopren)

c) Cao su buna SnCH2 CH CH CH2 + nCH CH2

C6H5

to, p, xtCH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2

C6H5

n

d) Cao su buna N

nCH2 CH CH CH2 + nCH CH2

CN


CNn

e) Cao su clopren

CH2 CH C CH2nto, p, xt CH2 CH C CH2

Cl Cl

n

f) Cao su flopren

nCH2 C CH CH2F F

CH2 C CH CH2 nxt, to, p

3. Ta) T capron (nilon 6)

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nH2N[CH2]5COOH NH[CH2]5CO n + nH2Oxt, to, p

NH[CH2]5CO n

CH2 CH2 CH2

CH2 CH2 NHC = On

xt, to, p

b) T enang (nilon 7)nH2N[CH2]6COOH

xt, to, pHN[CH2]6CO + nH2On

c) T nilon 6,6)

nNH2[CH2]6NH2 + nHOOC[CH2]4COOH NH[CH2]6NHCO[CH2]4CO + 2nH2Oxt, to, p

n

d) T clorin

CH2 CH CH2 CH CH2 CH CH CH

Cl Cl Cl Cl Cl

+ Cl2

2

+ HClxt, to, p

n 2

n

2

n 2

n

e) T dacron (lapsan)nHOOC C6H4 COOH + nHO CH2 CH2 OH

CO C6H4 CO O CH2 CH2 O + 2nH2On

axit terephtalic etylen glicol

poli(etylen terephtalat) (lapsan)

xt, to, p

C- BI TP TRC NGHIM

I BI TP C BN

Cu 4.1 Hp cht u v cc hp cht trung gian trong qu trnh iu ch ra cao su buna (1) l:etilen (2), metan (3), ru etylic (4), ivinyl (5), axetilen (6). Hy sp xp cc cht theo ng tht xy ra trong qu trnh iu ch

A. 3 6 2 4 5 1. B. 6 4 2 5 3 1.C. 2 6 3 4 5 1. D. 4 6 3 2 5 1.

Cu 4.2 T nilon 6,6 c cng thc lNH[CH2]5CO n

NH[CH2]6NHCO[CH2]4CO n

NH[CH2]6CO n

NHCH(CH3)CO n

A. B.

C. D.

.

. .

.

Cu 4.3 Khng nn i (l) qu nng qun o bng nilon; len; t tm, v:

A. Len, t tm, t nilon km bn vi nhit.B. Len, t tm, t nilon c cc nhm (- CO - NH -) trong phn t km bn vi nhit.C. Len, t tm, t nilon mm mi.

D. Len, t tm, t nilon d chy.Cu 4.4Nhng phn t no sau y c th tham gia phn ng trng hp ?

CH2=CH2(1); CH CH(2); CH2=CHCl(3); CH3CH3(4)A. (1), (3). B. (3), (2).

C. (1), (2), (3), (4). D. (1), (2), (3).

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Cu 4.5 Khi H2SO4 m c ri vo qun o bng vi si bng, ch vi b en li do c snphm to thnh l

A. cacbon. B. S.C. PbS. D. H2S.

Cu 4.6 Cho s sau: CH4X Y Z cao su buna. Tn gi ca X , Y , Z trong s trnln lt l

A. Axetilen, etanol, butaien. B. Anehit axetic, etanol,butaien.

C. Axetilen, vinylaxetilen, butaien. D. Etilen, vinylaxetilen, butaien.Cu 4.7 Cao su buna S c cng thc l

nCH2 CH CH CH2A.CH2 C(COOCH3)

CH3

nB.

CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2

C6H5

nC. CH CH2

C6H5

nD.

.

. .

.

Cu 4.8 Cao su buna - S c iu ch bng :

A. Phn ng trng hp. B. Phn ng ng trng hp.C. Phn ng trng ngng. D. Phn ng ng trng ngng.

Cu 4.9 Thu tinh plexiglas l polime no sau y?A. Polimetyl metacrylat (PMM). B. Polivinyl axetat (PVA).C. Polimetyl acrylat (PMA). D. Tt c u sai.

Cu 4.10 Tn ca polime c cng thc sau lOH

CH2n

A. nha phenol-fomanehit. B. nha bakelt.

C. nha do. D. polistiren.Cu 4.11 T enang thuc loi

A. t axetat. B. t poliamit.

C. t polieste. D. t tm.

Cu 4.12 Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm l cao su buna S?

nCH2 CH CH CH2 + mCH CH2

C6H5


C6H5n m

.

CH2 CH CH CH2nto, p, xt

nCH2 CH CH CH2A.

CH2 CH C CH2nto, p, xt

CH2 CH C CH2B.

Cl Cln


CH2 CH C CH2C.CH3 CH3

n

D.

.

.

.

Cu 4.13 Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm l cao su isopren?

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C6H5


C6H5n m

.


nCH2 CH CH CH2A.


CH2 CH C CH2B.

Cl Cln


CH2 CH C CH2C.

CH3 CH3

n

D.

.

.

.

Cu 4.14 Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm l cao su cloropren?


C6H5

to, p, xt CH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2

C6H5n m

.


nCH2 CH CH CH2A.

CH2 CH C CH2nto, p, xt CH2 CH C CH2B.

Cl Cln


CH2 CH C CH2C.CH3 CH3

n

D.

.

.

.

Cu 4.15 Hiro ho hp cht hu c X c isopentan. X tham gia phn ng trng hp c mtloi cao su. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca X l

CH3 CH2 C CH

CH2 C CH CH2 CH2 CH CH CH2

CH3

A.

C. D.

.

. .

CH3 C C CH2

CH3

B. .

Cu 4.16 iu ch nilon - 6,6 ngi ta dng axit no trng ngng vi hexametylen

iamin ?A. axit axetic. B. axit oxalic.C. axit stearic. D. axit aipic.

Cu 4.17 Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm l cao su buna N?


C6H5


C6H5n m

.


CH2 CH C CH2B.

Cl Cln

CH2 CH C CH2nto, p, xt CH2 CH C CH2A.

CH3 CH3n

D.

.

.

nCH2 CH CH CH2 + nCH CH2

CN

to, p, xtCH2 CH CH CH2 CH CH2C.

CN

n .

Cu 4.18 Tn ca monome to ra polime c cng thc

C CH2

CH3

COOHn

l

52


53/114

A. axit acrylic. B. metyl acrylat.C. axit metacrylic. D. metyl metacrylat.

Cu 4.19 Sn phm ca phn ng trng hp metyl metacrylat c gi lA. nha bakelt. B. nha PVC.C. cht do. D. thu tinh hu c.

Cu 4.20 T capron c iu ch t monome no sau y ?

A. axit metacrylic. B. caprolactam.C. phenol. D. axit caproic.

Cu 4.21 T enang c iu ch bng cchA. trng hp axit acrylic. B. trng ngng alanin.C. trng ngng H2N-(CH2)6-COOH. D. trng ngng HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH.

Cu 4.22Nha PS c iu ch t monome no sau y?A. axit metacrylic. B. caprolactam.C. phenol. D. stiren.

Cu 4.23 Cht c kh nng trng hp thnh cao su l

CH2 C CH CH2.CH3

A.

CH3 CH2 C CH.C.

CH3 C C CH2.CH3

CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3.

B.

D.

Cu 4.24 T monome no sau y c th iu ch c poli(vinyl ancol) ?CH2 CH COOCH3. CH2 CH OCOCH3.CH2 CH COOC2H5. CH2 CH CH2 OH.

A.

C.

B.

D.

Cu 4.25 T poliamit l nhng polime tng hp c cha nhiu nhmA. CONH trong phn t. B. CO trong phn t.

C. NH trong phn t. D. CH(CN) trong

phn t.Cu 4.26 Mt polime Y c cu to mch nh sau:

CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2

Cng thc

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