8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

1/83

NOUNS

COUNTABLE NOUNS

UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

2/83

Countable used with: a/an or numbers (one, two,

three, etc.), or plural formsEx: a cat; eleven matches

Many; several; various;few; a few; how many;fewerthanEx: several jumbo jets; afew jokes

Uncountable

CANNOT be used witha/an; numbers; in plural

forms BUT: They ordered a wine

that wasnt included in our

list. (a kind of wine)

much; how much;little; a little;lessthanEx: There was less

rainfall last year.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

3/83

a number of/ the numberofEx:- A number of peopledecided to withdraw a lot ofmoney from their account.- The number of peoplewho decided to withdraw alot of money from their

account was low.

A great number of/ alarge number of/ themajority of

Ex:- A great number ofwhales were killed for meat

Each (of)+ NEvery (of)+N+ Verb (sing.)

the amount of/ alarge amount of/ agreat deal of

Ex:A large amount offood was taken to thenorth.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

4/83

Expressions used with both count. &uncount. nouns

Some (of)Any (of)A lot ofLots of

Plenty (of)Almost (of)All (of)None (of)

Ex: - Some of the food in the fridge was spoiled.- Some children are overindulged and spoiled bytheir parents

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

5/83

Some expressions used with uncount.

1. A bar of chocolate / two bars ofchocolate

2. A kilo/ a cube/ a spoon/ a jar of sugar

3. A tube of toothpaste / two tubes of .

4. A glass/ a carton/ a liter of milk

5. A packet/ a cup of flour

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

6/83

Notes

Some of

All of

Any of + the/ possessive adj.+ Noun

Most ofNone of

One of

Ex: - Some comments are helpful.- Some of hercomments are helpful.

- Some of thecomments are helpful.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

7/83

IRREGULAR NOUNS

A. IS -> ESSINGULAR PLURAL

axis axes analysis analyses basis bases crisis crises

diagnosis diagnoses ellipsis ellipses hypothesis hypotheses oasis oases

paralysis paralyses parenthesis parentheses synthesis syntheses synopsis synopses thesis theses

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

8/83

B. IX -> ICES

SINGULAR PLURAL

appendix appendices

index indeces /indexes

matrix matrices /matrixes

C. OUSE -> ICE

SINGULAR PLURAL

louse lice

mouse mice

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

9/83

D. EAU -> EAUXSINGULAR PLURAL beau beaux bureau bureaus/bureaux tableau tableaux/tableaus

E. -> ENSINGULAR PLURALchild children

man menox oxenwoman women

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

10/83

F. UM A

SINGULAR PLURAL

bacterium bacteria corpus corpora

criterion criteria

curriculum curricula datum data

genus genera

medium media

memorandum memoranda

phenomenon phenomena

stratum strata

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

11/83

G. OO -> EE

SINGULAR PLURAL

foot feet goose geese

tooth teeth

H. A -> AE

SINGULAR PLURAL

antenna antennae/antennas

formula formulae/formulas nebula nebulae

vertebra vertebrae

vita vitae

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

12/83

I. UNCHANGED

SINGULAR PLURAL deer deer

fish fish

means means offspring offspring

series series

sheep sheep

species species

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

13/83

A hour agoAn hour ago

A honest manAn honest man

An universityA university

A one-eyed man(correct)An SAT test

(correct)

A MPAn PM

A member of Parliament(correct)

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

14/83

ARTICLES A+ nouns beginning with a consonant.

An+ nouns beginning with a vowel.

BUT: A+ uniform/ one-dollar coin/

/ju/ /wn/

An+ honest person/ honorable prizeSOS signal/ MP/ anSAT test

BUT: amember of Parliament

I d fi it ti l

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

15/83

Indefinite articles

When the person/ thing is not yetmentioned before or not definite.Ex: I saw apoor child begging for food in thestreets.

To talk about a job or professionEx: Jenny is ataxi driver.

As a synonym of per

Ex: 200km perhour/ anhour

To mention the quantity of people or thingsEX: Theres a/ oneslice of bread in the toasteroven.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

16/83

DEFINTE ARTICLES

When the person/ thing has already been

mentioned before or definite.Ex: Thechild was about 6 years old.

The only/ unique things: themoon, thesun

The first, the second, etc.

The corner of/ the top of / the middle of

Before a class/ species of animal:Ex: Thewhale is in danger of becoming extinct.

( Or: X Whales are in danger of extinction.)

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

17/83

The+ adj: as a group of peopleEx: the poor, the rich

Before familys last name: The Smiths

Before rivers, channels, seas, oceans,

mountain ranges, deserts, hotels,Ex: The Alps, the English Channel, The PacificOcean

BUT X Everest (as a single mountain)

A people:Ex: The Vietnamese/ X Vietnamese people

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

18/83

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

19/83

Go to the cinema/ the theatre/the opera

listen to the radio

BUT: watch X TV

Have a cold/ a headache/ a backache have the flu/ the measles

DO NOT use thebefore an illness:Ex: have cancer/ have pneumonia

Abbreviations and organizations:"the UN", "the USA", "the IMF/ the WorldHealth Organization

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

20/83

The + university/ college ofEx: the university of Technology

BUT: X Saigon UniversityThe university of Saigon

The of

Ex: - the top of the mountain

Tittle

Ex: - the Queen of England //

- x Queen Elizabeth

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

21/83

Names of countries which contain thewords "union" or "united":

The Soviet Union

The United Kingdom

But:France, Japan.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

22/83

NO ARTICLES Nouns in general

Singular uncount.N:Ex: Milk is good.

Plural count. N:Ex: - Bananas are good.

- Whales are in danger of becomingextinct.

BUT: Man and woman were created equal.

CountriesX Vietnam/ The Socialist Republic of Vietnam

T / t/ i / f h l (/ i it / h h/ i /

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

23/83

To/at/ in/ from school (/university/ church/ prison/college)Ex: - James is in hospital right now to have his eyes

checked.- Go to university

By + means of transportationEx: He often went there on foot.

Some expressions

make friends, shake hands, have faith, take part insomething, pay attention, take advantage of

something/someone, etc.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

24/83

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

25/83

SUBJECT-VERB Agreement

Singular Verb:

Clause + Verb + Ex:- What hes saying is unbelievable.

- Who hes making friends with makeshis parents very worried.

Indefinite pronouns as the subject (someone, something, anything,nothing, etc)Ex: Someone is standing outside.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

26/83

A sum of money/a duration of timeEx: Ten dollars isnt a big sum of money.

Some nouns (of illnesses/ subjects,etc.) ending insEx:- Physics is my favorite subject.

None of/ neither of/ either of + N (count/uncount.)

Ex: - None of the dogs belongs to us.- Neither of the employees has agreedwith me.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

27/83

The number of+ Nouns (plural) + verb

Ex: The number of tenants without heat isincreasing.

When all parts of a compound subject aresingular and refer to the same person orthing:

Ex: The head of the expedition and themajor of the village was the same person.

PLURAL VERBS

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

28/83

PLURAL VERBS

(both) N1 + and N2Ex: Both Jim and John like football.

Subjects such asPeople/ those/ police/ cattle/glasses /etc.

Ex: Those who register at this hotel canget a discount.

A number of+ N (plural) + Verb

Ex: A number of tenants are in the building.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

29/83

The rich/ the poor/... + Verb (plural)Ex: The sick are taken to hospital immediately.

Trousers/ pliers/ binoculars/ etc.+ Verb(plural)

Ex: The binoculars which John bought were brand-new.

Ex: These trousers cost him $100.

But: A pair of + + V (singular)

Ex: This pair of trousers costs him $100.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

30/83

SINGULAR or PLURAL N1 + together with/ with/ as well as/

accompanied by + N2 + V (N1)Ex: John together with his children iscoming here.

Either + N1 or + N2 + V (N2)Neither nor

Ex: Either John or his children are cominghere.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

31/83

All of N (plural) + Verb-PluralSome of +Most of N (sing.) + Verb- singularEx: - All of the cake has been eaten.

- All of the cakes on the plate have beeneaten.

Collective nouns + Verb (plural orsingular)

family, jury, majority, minority, etc.Ex: The committee has been working for 3hours.

The committee have been working for three

hours.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

32/83

When the subject is a fraction or a word(half, part, plenty, rest, etc.):

Ex: Three fourths of the enemys armywaswounded.

Ex: Three fourths of the enemys soldierswere wounded.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

33/83

ONETHE OTHER

ONEANOTHERTHE OTHERS

SOMEOTHER

Mentioning 2 people or things: ONE- THE OTHER

(the restsingular meaning)

Ex: - Pat offered us two options- oneis to stay at

his home during the vacation, the otheris to stay in avery comfortable but cheap inn.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

34/83

Mentioning at least three people or thingsONEANOTHERTHE OTHERS (the rest-plural meaning)

Ex: - I saw a lot of cars in their garage- one is aMercedes, anothera Honda, and the others

Fords.(the other cars were Fords)

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

35/83

SomeOther

Ex:Somepeople are calm, othersare quite easilyto lose their temper.(others means other people, doesnt mean the rest)

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

36/83

I or ME

It was she who made those loud noises.It was I who broke the promise.

Preposition + Obj pronoun

Ex: Between you and me, I can share withyou some of her secrets.

NOTES about PRONOUNS

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

37/83

NOTES about PRONOUNSReflexive pronouns

Did you compose the song by yourself/ on your own?

EMPHASIS

I myselfwrote that song.

Indefinite PronounsIndef.pron.+ adj

Ex: I had expected something newfrom this article but Icouldnt

Indef.Pron.+ Verb-Sing.

Ex: Somebody isknocking at the door.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

38/83

EMPHASIS On Verbs

Phil madethe announcement about his wedding.Phil did makethe announcement about his wedding.

You have certainly grown.You certainly havegrown.

On Adverb I seldomcall them.Seldom do Icall them.

We go off.Off we go.

Pete and Jane go off.Off go Pete and Jane.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

39/83

Cleft structures

John paid for the next drink.

It was John who paid for the next drink.

I need a good rest.

What I need is a good rest.

SUBJUNCTIVES

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

40/83

SUBJUNCTIVES WISH

I wish you werehere now.(present)I wish you would behere tomorrow.(future)

I wish Jack had not saidanything insulting to

his colleagues. (Past)(in fact, he did say something.)

Some structures used with subjunctives

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

41/83

Some structures used with subjunctives

Wish that

Would rather that

If only

As if

As though Its (high) time that

It is advisable that

Subj. + recommend/ propose/ that

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

42/83

Ex: If onlyPhil had told me about theschedule changes. (He didnt say

anything)

Ex: Jane would rather thatwe came to

help her now. (We cant come now.)

Ex: Laura talked to us as ifshe had been

our boss.( She was not our boss)

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

43/83

I would rather / Id rather that you wouldcometo help me.

Id rather doit on my own than ask Johnfor help.

Its time (that) we stoppedfor lunch.

Its time to stopfor lunch.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

44/83

NOTES on CONDITIONALS

Ex1:- If you had helpedme do that, I wouldhave finished it on time.= Had you helpedme do that, I would have

finished it on time.

Ex2: If she were my daughter, she wouldnt

behave as a cheater.= Were shemy daughter,.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

45/83

Ifnot = Unless

Ex: If she doesntcome, well leave without

her.= Unless she comes, well leave withouther.

Ex: Ill take the job unless the pay istoo low.= If the pay isnt too low,

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

46/83

COMPARISONS

Ex: Im trying to work harder for the

coming examination. Im trying to work muchharder for the

coming exam.

The test was more difficult than I hadexpected.

The test was farmore difficult than I hadexpected.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

47/83

Ex: Alain is two years youngerthan I am.

Jack earns three times as much asI do. Or: Jack earns twice as much as/three

times more thanI do.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

48/83

E S h i iti t d

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

49/83

Ex: Sarah is writing a postcard.

The postcard (be) written by

Sarah.

Ex: They will be discussing this issue at this

time tomorrow.This issue (be) discussed at

this time tomorrow.

PASSIVES

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

50/83

PASSIVESFormation of Passive structures Subj + Be (tenses) + Verb (past participle)Ex: Sarah (has) returned the books to me.

The books were/ have been returned to me.

Verb + Sb + to-infinitive (v2) Verb + to be past participle (v2)

Ex1: I wanted them to inform me of theconference.

I wanted to be informed of the conference.

Verb + Sb +V-ing (v2)

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

51/83

g ( ) Verb + Being- past participle (v2)

Ex2: Pete disliked them discriminating himself. Pete disliked being discriminated.

Verb (v1) + sb + bare-inf

Verb-past part. (v1) + to-inf.

Ex2: I saw him come out of the house.

He was seen to come out of the house.

S1+ V1 that S2 +V2 +

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

52/83

S1+ V1- that S2 +V2 +

It + be + V1-past part.+ that S2+V2+

S2 + be + V1 + to-infinitive V2

Ex: They said that Joe was a doctor.

It was said that Joe was a doctor.Joe was said to be doctor.

This structure is often used with some verbs:say, tell, think, believe, expect, consider,rumor, etc.

Verbs with two objects.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

53/83

Verbs with two objects.

Send sth to sb/ send sb sth

Explain

Show

Give

Bring

Ex: He sent us a postcard.

or: He sent a postcard to us. We were sent a postcard.

A postcard was sent to us.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

54/83

Ex: He sent us a postcard.

or: He sent a postcard to us.

He sent it to us.He sent Kim a postcard.

Never say: - He sent us it.

P i ith iti D t d

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

55/83

Passive with prepositions: Do not dropthe preposition when using passive

voice.They filled the tank with gas.

The tank was filled with gas.

What was the tank filled with?OR: Withwhat the tank filled? (formal)

They brought up the boy so well.The boy was brought up so well.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

56/83

COMPOUND SENTENCES Compound sentences

Ex: Pat is abroad right now, butshe can contact heroffice regularly.

Ex: Pat is abroad right now; however,she can contact

her office regularly.Ex: Pat is abroad right now. However,she can contact

her office regularly.

Ex: Noah has finished all his homework, sohe can goout with his friends now.

Ex: Noah has finished all his homework; therefore, hecan go out with his friends now.

Ex: Noah has finished all his homework. Therefore, he

can go out with his friends now.

E D t d ff ll th li ht i th d

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

57/83

Ex: Dave turned off all the lights in the room, andthen went out.

Ex: Dave turned off all the lights in the room.Afterthat, he went out.

Complex sentences

Ex:AlthoughPat is abroad right now, she cancontact her office regularly.

Ex: Since/ BecauseNoah has finished all his

homework, he can go out with his friends now.Ex: AfterDave turned off all the lights in the room.

He went out.

Coordinating

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

58/83

CoordinatingConjunctions(Conjunctive adverbs)

1. moreover; furthermore2. Besides

3. In fact

4. In other words

5. In that case

6. Otherwise; if not

7. On the other hand; in

contrast8. However; nevertheless

SubordinatingConjunctions

1. In addition to the fact

that2. N/a

3. N/a

4. N/a

5. If; provided that; as longas

6. Unless

7. Whereas; while

8. Although; even though;even if;

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

59/83

9. (cause)

10. Therefore; as aresult; thus;consequently; so

11. previously;

12. Until then

13. After that;

afterwards; then14. Since then

15. For this reason

9. because, since, as,due to the fact that

10. So

11. before12. until

13. After

14. since

15. So that; in order that

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

60/83

A compound sentence contains twoindependent clauses joined by a

coordinator. The coordinators are asfollows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.

Ex: I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend

tried to speak English.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

61/83

A complex sentenceconsists of oneindependent clause, and one or more

dependent clauses. The clauses areconnected through either a subordinateconjunction or a relative pronoun.

Ex: As long as it isn't cold(Dependentclause) , it doesn't matter if it rains(Independent clause).

Ex: The housewhich Abraham Lincoln wasborn in is still standing.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

62/83

ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

Defining adjective clauses

Ex: Have you ever spoken to the peoplewholivenext door? (not yet identified) (subject)

Have you ever spoken to the peoplethatlivenext door? (subject)

Ex: I dont know the manwhom/ who/ that/

(not yet identified) (Object)Jane is talking to.

The relative pronouns as the subject:

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

63/83

Ex: The trees WHICH/THATat one time lined thisroad have all been cut down.

Ex: Do you like the car that/ whichis in

(not yet identified) (subject)

Johns garage?

The relative pronouns as the object:Ex: Can I borrow the CDWHICH/ THAT/ you

bought?

Ex: Theres a programon tonight which/ that/ (not yet identified) (Object)

you might like.

Non-defining Relative clauses

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

64/83

Ex: This is Mr. Rogers, whois our new(definite) (subject)

manager.

BUT we cannot use THAT. It is INCORRECT.This is Mr. Rogers, THATis our new

(definite) (subject)

manager.

We cannot use THATin non-defining Relativeclauses.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

65/83

Ex: This is Mr. Rogers, whomJane

(definite) (object)

is going to marry.

But we cannot use WHO.It is INCORRECT.

This is Mr. Rogers, who Jane is going

(definite) (object)

to marry.

We cannot use THAT or WHO

or OMIT whomin non-defining Relative clauses.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

66/83

Ex: Janes house, WHICHis in District 8,has a garden.

BUT we cannotuse THATin non-definingclauses.

Y t l t h hi h th t h it

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

67/83

You cannot leave out who, which, thatwhen: itis the subject of the verb in the relative clause

and in non-defining relative clauses

DEFINING CLAUSES

Person Thing Place Time Reason

Subject Who/ that Which/that

Object Who/whom/that/ Which/that / Where When Whypossession Whose Whose

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

68/83

NON-DEFINING CLAUSES

Person Thing

Subject Who Which

Object Whom Whichpossession Whose Whose

WHOSE = of sth

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

69/83

WHOSE = of sth

Ex: Ive just talked to the man. His houselooks over the river.

Ive just talked to the man WHOSEhouse

looks over the river.

Ex: Look at that man. His son is a pop singer.

Look at that man WHOSE SONis a popsinger.

WHERE = preposition (in/ at/ on/ etc )+ Noun of

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

70/83

WHERE = preposition (in/ at/ on/ etc.)+ Noun ofplace

Ex: This is the place. I was born there/ in thatplace.

This is the place WHEREI was born

This is the place IN WHICHI was born.

Ex: - I dislike the hotel. We are going to stay at that

hotel.I dislike the hotel wherewe are going to stay.

I dislike the hotel at whichwe are going to stay.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

71/83

NOTES

Noun of place = WHICH Ex: They are going to move to Ottawa. Itis

the capital of Canada.

They are going to move to Ottawa, whichisthe capital of Canada.

Ex: He works for a spy network,about which

I know nothing.

OR: He works for a spy network (which)Iknow nothing about.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

72/83

Ex: The people with whomhe workedhave all been arrested. (Formal)

OR: The people (who)he worked withhaveall been arrested. (Informal)

We often use THAT instead of who or which

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

73/83

We often use THATinstead of who or whichwhen the antecedents are the followingphrases:

All, every(thing), some(thing), any(thing),no(thing), little, few, much, only, and after

superlative structures

Ex: The onlything THATmatters is to find our wayhome.

Ex: Its the bestfilm THAThas ever been made.

NOUN CLAUSES

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

74/83

NOUN CLAUSES

A Noun Clause often begins with:

that (That-clause), who, which, how, etc.Ex: HER STORY WAS NOT TRUE

(Subj.) V

Ex: - What he was sayingwasnot true.Ex: - Im not sure where he is from.

Ex: - Do you know what he is doing?

Ex: - That he is not here nowworries allof us.

A noun clause can be the subject object

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

75/83

A noun clause can be the subject, object,complement.

AS THE SUBJECT:

Ex: WHAT the little boy has done

recentlyis really worrying.

Ex: THAT Jane received the scholarship

satisfied her parents.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

76/83

As the object of a verb:

Ex: - Joe asserted that he hadnt beenthere on Tuesday night.

Ex: - She never tells me where Joan lives.

Ex: Mary is not responsible for what Billydid.

As a complement:

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

77/83

As a complement:

Ex: Billys mistake was that he refused totake lessons.

Ex: Everybody is sad that Billy drowned.

ADVERB CLAUSES

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

78/83

ADVERB CLAUSES

Adv clauses of time:as, when, as soon as, before, after, now that, since,

while, etc.Ex: When I came, they were discussing the

meeting.

Adv clauses of manner:as if, as though, etc.

Ex: She made us work hard as if we had been herslaves.

Adv clauses of condition:unless, if, even if, whether or not, provided that, etc.

Ex: I wont tell you that secret unless youpromise not to tell it to anyone.

Adv clauses of cause and effect:

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

79/83

Adv clauses of cause and effect:because, since, so that, in order that, etc.

Ex: He put on more warm clothessince it wasso cold outside.

Adv clauses of concession:although, while, though, even though, whereas, etc.

Ex: Although its raining heavily, theyre stillworking in the rain.

Adv clauses of comparison:more than, as as, etc.

Ex: Hes worked much harderthan I have.

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

80/83

REPORTED SPEECH

Reported speech

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

81/83

A. StatementsEx: Harry said, Im leaving for China tomorrow.

Harry said to me that he was leavingfor Chinathe next day.

B. Yes-No questions

Ex: Ted asked, Will you come tomorrow, Tom?Ted asked Tom IF/ WHETHERTom (he) would

cometomorrow.

Ex: Bill asked, Laura, are you free now?Bill asked Laura IF/ WHETHER she was free at

that moment.

C. Wh-questions

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

82/83

Ex: Jack asked, Lilly, where are you going?Jack asked Lilly where she was going?

EX: Tom asked, What did you do yesterday?Tom asked me what I had donethe day before.

D. An imperative.Ex: Jim said, Go out!Jim told me to go outJim shouted at me to go out.

D. An offer/ request

8/12/2019 ONTAP p2-2009

83/83

D. An offer/ request

Ex: Jane asked, Tim, can you help me move this

table?

Jane wanted Tim to help her move that table.

Jane asked Tim if he could help her move thattable.

Ex: Ted asked, Would you please come back at

10a.m.?

Ted wanted me to come there at 10a.m.Ted asked me if I would come there at 10 a.m.