Overview of “Liulin” portable devices – High Altitude … seminar 28 february...Solar Energetic Particles Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are atoms that are associated with

Overview of Overview of ““LiulinLiulin”” portable devices portable devices ––High Altitude and Latitude ground based High Altitude and Latitude ground based

and Air/Space Applications and Air/Space Applications

Tsvetan DACHEV, Borislav TOMOV, Yury MATVIICHUK, Tsvetan DACHEV, Borislav TOMOV, Yury MATVIICHUK, Plamen DIMITROVPlamen DIMITROV

[email protected]@bas.bgSolarSolar--Terrestrial Influences Laboratory Terrestrial Influences Laboratory

Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, BulgariaBulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgariawww.stilrad.stil.bas.bgwww.stilrad.stil.bas.bg

mailto:[email protected]

Overview of Liulin...Overview of Liulin... Sofia, 28 February 2006Sofia, 28 February 2006 22/106/106

OutlookOutlook

IntroductionIntroductionLiulin type spectrometersLiulin type spectrometersCalibration resultsCalibration resultsSpace experimentsSpace experimentsInIn--flight Interflight Inter--calibrations with other instrumentscalibrations with other instrumentsShort term and unique InShort term and unique In--flight resultsflight resultsLong term flights on CSA airline Boeing A310Long term flights on CSA airline Boeing A310--300 300 aircraftaircraftGroundGround--level event (GLE60) on 15.04.2001 inlevel event (GLE60) on 15.04.2001 in--flight resultsflight resultsComparison of data from aircrafts and ISS & Comparison of data from aircrafts and ISS & Forbush decrease studyForbush decrease studyWho is using Liulin type spectrometers and Who is using Liulin type spectrometers and where?where?ConclusionsConclusions


IntroductionIntroduction


The SolarThe Solar--Terrestrial influences are part of the International Terrestrial influences are part of the International Living with a Star Program (ILWS) Living with a Star Program (ILWS)

(A New Collaborative Space Program in Solar, Heliospheric (A New Collaborative Space Program in Solar, Heliospheric and Solar Terrestrial Physics)and Solar Terrestrial Physics)

httphttp://://ilwsilws..gsfcgsfc..nasanasa..govgov//


Candidate missions in ILWSCandidate missions in ILWS


Relations of ILWSRelations of ILWS

Mission: Stimulate, strengthen and coordinate space research to Mission: Stimulate, strengthen and coordinate space research to understand the governing processes of the connected Sununderstand the governing processes of the connected Sun--Earth Earth

system as an integrated entitysystem as an integrated entity


Cycle of the solar activityCycle of the solar activity

Solar plasma flowDynamics of a solar flare


The solar minimum is expected in December 2006The solar minimum is expected in December 2006


Coronal mass ejection (CMI)Coronal mass ejection (CMI)

CME start with a CME start with a blast on the Sunblast on the Sun

CME as seen by CME as seen by SOHOSOHO CME as seen CME as seen

from the Earthfrom the Earth

The mass of the matter can be as high as 1 billion tonsThe mass of the matter can be as high as 1 billion tons! !


Magnetospheric effects during a magnetic stormMagnetospheric effects during a magnetic storm

Auroras are the most beautiful effect of the magnetic stormsAuroras are the most beautiful effect of the magnetic stormsEarth auroraEarth aurora

Some sub sequential phases in a magnetic stormSome sub sequential phases in a magnetic storm

Jupiter auroraJupiter auroraSaturn auroraSaturn aurora


Magnetic storm effects on the EarthMagnetic storm effects on the Earth

Higher pipe Higher pipe corrosioncorrosion

Power blackoutsPower blackoutsRadiocommunicationRadiocommunication

problemsproblems

Less accuracy in the Less accuracy in the navigationnavigationNoise in media

Noise in media!!


Van Allen BeltsVan Allen Belts

ProtonsProtons ElectronsElectrons


Solar Energetic ParticlesSolar Energetic Particles

Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are atoms that Solar energetic particles (SEPs) are atoms that are associated with solar flares. SEPs are a type are associated with solar flares. SEPs are a type

of cosmic ray. They move away from the Sun of cosmic ray. They move away from the Sun due to plasma heating, acceleration, and due to plasma heating, acceleration, and

numerous other forces. Flares frequently inject numerous other forces. Flares frequently inject large amounts of energetic nuclei into space, large amounts of energetic nuclei into space, and the composition varies from flare to flare. and the composition varies from flare to flare. On the scale of cosmic radiation, SEPs have On the scale of cosmic radiation, SEPs have relatively low energies. relatively low energies. SEP have to be more SEP have to be more

than 1 than 1 GeVGeV to penetrate to sea levelto penetrate to sea level


Galactic Cosmic RaysGalactic Cosmic RaysGalactic cosmic rays (GCRs) come from outside the solar system bGalactic cosmic rays (GCRs) come from outside the solar system but ut generally from within our Milky Way galaxy. GCRs are atomic nuclgenerally from within our Milky Way galaxy. GCRs are atomic nuclei ei from which all of the surrounding electrons have been stripped afrom which all of the surrounding electrons have been stripped away way during their highduring their high--speed passage through the galaxy. They have been speed passage through the galaxy. They have been accelerated within the last few million years, and have travelleaccelerated within the last few million years, and have travelled many d many times across the galaxy, trapped by the galactic magnetic field.times across the galaxy, trapped by the galactic magnetic field. GCRs GCRs

have been accelerated to nearly the speed of light, probably by have been accelerated to nearly the speed of light, probably by supernova remnants.supernova remnants.

The image on the right is the EGRET gamma ray all-sky survey. Some GCRs

interact with the interstellar medium and produce gamma rays.

Crab Crab NebulaNebula

Remnant of Remnant of Supernova Supernova

19871987

Overview of Liulin...Overview of Liulin... Sofia, 28 February 2006Sofia, 28 February 2006 1515/106/106Marsh and Svensmark, 2003

Globally averaged adjusted low cloud cover and Globally averaged adjusted low cloud cover and Solar activitySolar activity

Normalised Normalised solar irradiancesolar irradiance

Clear view Clear view of low cloudof low cloud

GCRGCR


Cosmic rays and Spriral Arm CrossingsCosmic rays and Spriral Arm Crossings**

Galaxtic year Galaxtic year --Ca. 240 Mill. YearsCa. 240 Mill. Years

Spiral Arm crossing Spiral Arm crossing ––140 Mill Years140 Mill Years

Cosmic ray intensityCosmic ray intensityLargest in spiral armsLargest in spiral arms

*Shaviv (2002)

Svensmark, 2004


Particles from space seems to influence Earths climate,ranging from years to 109 years.

As result the history of the whole Milky Way could be of importance in the evolution of the Earth

It is not suggested that it is the only cause of climate change.

How can such a minute energy input affect the atmosphere?

What is needed is a physical mechanism• A link could be via clouds?• A microphysical mechanism involving aerosol formation?

Understanding the cosmic ray climate link could have large implications in our understanding of climate changes.

Svensmark, 2004


What Galactic and Solar Cosmic Rays are producing?What Galactic and Solar Cosmic Rays are producing?


Why space radiation monitoring on near Earth orbits and on Why space radiation monitoring on near Earth orbits and on aircraft altitudes is important?aircraft altitudes is important?

SSingle ingle EEvent vent UUpsetspsets onon thethe SEASTAR SEASTAR flightflight datadata recorderrecorderatat 705 705 kmkm altitudealtitude clearlyclearly showshow thethe locationlocation of of trappedtrappedprotonsprotons inin thethe SouthSouth AtlanticAtlantic AnomalyAnomaly, by , by JanetJanet L. L. BarthBarth

Latitude vs. Altitude Autopilot SEUs

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000

Altitude (Feet)

Latit

ude

(Deg

rees

)

Single Event Upsets Observed in Autopilot in Single Event Upsets Observed in Autopilot in Boeing Commercial AircraftBoeing Commercial Aircraft

Elec

tron

ics

dam

ages

Elec

tron

ics

dam

ages

Bone marrow cells are Bone marrow cells are damaged by radiation and damaged by radiation and

stop to produce erythrocytes stop to produce erythrocytes

Hum

an b

ody

dam

ages

H

uman

bod

y da

mag

es

DNA damages by different DNA damages by different kind of radiations kind of radiations

X-Ray track

Heavy-Ion track


Liulin type spectrometers Liulin type spectrometers


First Liulin dosimeterFirst Liulin dosimeter--radiometer was successfully radiometer was successfully flown on Mir space station between 1988 and 1994flown on Mir space station between 1988 and 1994

Detector Block:Detector Block:Size: 40x100x160mmSize: 40x100x160mm

Weight: 0.49 kgWeight: 0.49 kg

Control Block:Control Block:Size: 300x220x170 mmSize: 300x220x170 mm


Charge sensitivepreamplifier-shaper A225

AmplifierVoltage toFrequencyConverter

Discriminator

Microcomputer65C02

Telemetry

RS2322cm2, 0.306 mmSurface Barrier

Detector

Detector Unit Microcomputer Unit

AnalogSwitch

AmplifierIntegrator

Fluence

Dose

Uref. Display

Display


LiulinLiulin--3 and Liulin3 and Liulin--3M instruments3M instruments

LiulinLiulin--3M, prepared with 3M, prepared with GSFCGSFC--NASA, 1997NASA, 1997

Flown on aircrafts and Antarctida balloonFlown on aircrafts and Antarctida balloon

LiulinLiulin--3 3 –– 2 detector telescope (1995)2 detector telescope (1995)

Proton tests at Indiana University Proton tests at Indiana University cyclotron facility, 1995 cyclotron facility, 1995 SofiaSofia--NY flight data by LiulinNY flight data by Liulin--3M, June 16, 1997 3M, June 16, 1997

LiulinLiulin--3 3 DIMENSIONS:DIMENSIONS:WeightWeight: : 480480 gg

SizeSize: : 150150x80x50 mmx80x50 mm


LiulinLiulin--4 Mobile Dosimetry Unit (MDU) 4 Mobile Dosimetry Unit (MDU) flown on ISS, 2001flown on ISS, 2001

Internal view of MDUInternal view of MDU

Detector + Detector + preamplifierpreamplifier

BatteryBatterycompartmentcompartment

ElectronicsElectronics

SPECIFICATIONS OF MDUSPECIFICATIONS OF MDU-- Dose range: 0.093 nGy Dose range: 0.093 nGy –– 1.56 mGy;1.56 mGy;-- Flux range: Flux range: -- 0.01 0.01 -- 1250 part/cm1250 part/cm22s;s;-- Energy loss range: Energy loss range: -- 0.0407 0.0407 –– 20.83 MeV;20.83 MeV;-- Pulse height analysis range: Pulse height analysis range: -- 19.5 mV 19.5 mV –– 5.0 V; 5.0 V; -- LET range: 0.27LET range: 0.27-- 69.4 keV/69.4 keV/μμ;;-- Temperature range: 0Temperature range: 0°°C C -- +40+40°°C;C;-- Power consumption: typically 72 mW;Power consumption: typically 72 mW;

External view of MDUExternal view of MDU

--Size 100x64x24 mm;Size 100x64x24 mm;--Total mass (including 0.08 Total mass (including 0.08 kg battery pack): 0.23 kg. kg battery pack): 0.23 kg. -- Operation time 5 daysOperation time 5 days


LiulinLiulin--E094 instrument, flown successfully on American E094 instrument, flown successfully on American Laboratory module MayLaboratory module May--August 2001 as a part of German lead August 2001 as a part of German lead

Dosimetric mapping experimentDosimetric mapping experiment

LiulinLiulinControlControl

And And InterfaceInterface

UnitUnit(CIU)(CIU)

LiulinLiulinMobileMobile

DosimetryDosimetryUnitUnit

(MDU)(MDU)

PillePille LiulinLiulin--E094E094

DOSTELDOSTEL

Dosimetric mapping instrumentsDosimetric mapping instruments


R3DR3D--B1 instrument for ESA BiopanB1 instrument for ESA Biopan--4 facility outside of 4 facility outside of Foton M1 satellite. On 16 October 2002 it was unsuccessfully lauFoton M1 satellite. On 16 October 2002 it was unsuccessfully launched. The nched. The mission was repeated in June 2005. The spectrometer is mutually mission was repeated in June 2005. The spectrometer is mutually developed developed

with the University in Erlangen, Germany with the University in Erlangen, Germany

PAR channel

UV-A channel

UV-B channel

UV-C channel

256 ChannelsLET spectrometer

R3DR3D--B DIMENSIONS:B DIMENSIONS:

WeightWeight: 1: 1229 9 ggSizeSize: : 8282x57x25 mmx57x25 mm

ConsumptionConsumption: : 8484 mWmW

BiopanBiopan--4 Facility4 Facility


LiulinLiulin--ISS Instrument ISS Instrument was launchedwas launched in September 2005 to the Russian in September 2005 to the Russian Segment of ISS. It is a part of Russian segment service dosimetSegment of ISS. It is a part of Russian segment service dosimetric ric

system and will be activated by the system and will be activated by the current crewcurrent crew in the beginning of 2006in the beginning of 2006

MDU LiulinMDU Liulin--ISS dimensions:ISS dimensions:WeightWeight: : 22229 9 g incl. 80 g batteryg incl. 80 g battery

SizeSize: : 110110x80x25 mmx80x25 mmConsumptionConsumption: : 8484 mWmW


The R3D spectrometer is mutually developed with the University iThe R3D spectrometer is mutually developed with the University in Erlangen, n Erlangen, Germany and is expected to be launched first to Russian segment Germany and is expected to be launched first to Russian segment of ISS of ISS in in

2006 and next to ESA Columbus module in 20082006 and next to ESA Columbus module in 2008

R3D DIMENSIONS:R3D DIMENSIONS:

WeightWeight: 1: 1889 9 ggSizeSize: : 7676x76x36 mmx76x36 mm


PAR channel

UV-A channel

UV-B channel

256 ChannelsLET spectrometer

Flight unit mounted in the Flight unit mounted in the EXPOSE facility (May 2003)EXPOSE facility (May 2003)

EXPOSEEXPOSE

ColumbusColumbus

UV-C channel

Vibration tests in ESAVibration tests in ESAMay, 2003May, 2003


LiulinLiulin--spectrometersspectrometers for monitoring of the space for monitoring of the space radiation at aircraft altitudesradiation at aircraft altitudes

SPECIFICATIONS:SPECIFICATIONS:-- Dose rate: 0.093 nGy Dose rate: 0.093 nGy –– 1.56 mGy;1.56 mGy;-- Flux range: 0.01 Flux range: 0.01 -- 1250 part/cm1250 part/cm22s;s;-- Temperature range: 0Temperature range: 0°°C C -- +40+40°°C;C;-- Power consumption: typically 52 mWPower consumption: typically 52 mW

More than 100 days More than 100 days independent use on independent use on commercial aircraftscommercial aircraftswith Liwith Li--Ion primary Ion primary

batteriesbatteries

Weight:Weight: 33220 0 g*g*Size:Size: 110000x10x1000x50 mmx50 mm

6 Liulin instruments at the NASA Space 6 Liulin instruments at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory tests held on 25Radiation Laboratory tests held on 25--

28 September 200428 September 2004

Liulin spectrometer with GPS Liulin spectrometer with GPS receiver for 3D and time receiver for 3D and time positioning on aircraftspositioning on aircrafts

with 28 DC power supplywith 28 DC power supply

Weight:Weight: 110110 ggSize:Size: 8585x52x35 mmx52x35 mm

More than 30 days More than 30 days independent multi independent multi

session use on session use on commercial aircraftscommercial aircrafts

with rechargeablewith rechargeablebatteriesbatteries

Weight:Weight: 28280 0 g*g*Size:Size: 9595x8x855x55 mmx55 mm

Weight:Weight: 12120 0 g*g*Size:Size: 104104x40x20 mmx40x20 mm

More than 50 hours More than 50 hours independent multi independent multi

session use on session use on commercial aircraftscommercial aircrafts

with rechargeablewith rechargeablebatteriesbatteries

*With the batteries inside*With the batteries inside


2 WEB based Liulin spectrometers was delivered2 WEB based Liulin spectrometers was deliveredand now and now are workingare working at at ALOMAR observatory, Norway (69ALOMAR observatory, Norway (6900N) N) and and

at at Jungfraujoch (3475 m asl), SwtzerlandJungfraujoch (3475 m asl), Swtzerland

Weight:Weight: 140140 ggSize:Size: 8484x40x40 mmx40x40 mm

Cons.: 200 mA, 12 VDCCons.: 200 mA, 12 VDC

Internet moduleInternet module

Master processorMaster processor

Slave Slave processor and processor and

detector detector

Internet page viewInternet page view

http://128.39.135.6/

http://130.92.231.184/


LiulinLiulin--6U instrument for NASA DSTB mission6U instrument for NASA DSTB mission

MDU-4

CIUM RS232Balloon(DSTB

PC)

+28 V DC100 mA

+8 V DC15 mA

+8 V DC15 mA

MDU-2+8 V DC15 mA

MDU-1+8 V DC15 mA

MDU-3

CIUM DIMENSIONS:CIUM DIMENSIONS:

WeightWeight: : 210210 ggSizeSize: : 155155x60x20 mmx60x20 mm


DU DIMENSIONS:DU DIMENSIONS:

WeightWeight: : 6565 ggSizeSize: : 9090x40x20 mmx40x20 mm



Last modificationsLast modifications

LiulinLiulin--4SA 4SA GPS antennaGPS antenna

Display and GPS receiverDisplay and GPS receiver

Battery pack Battery pack

USB port USB port

Preamplifier

GPSMCU

MasterMCU

Detector2 cm2 0.3 mm

1 MBFlash

Memory

12-35 V DCAircraft(PowerSupply)

GPSreceiver

PCUSBport

InsulatedDC/DC

ConverterPower

managesystem

GPSantenna

0 V DC

Discriminator

SlaveMCU

12 bitADC

GreenPowerLED

On/Offswitch

RedStatusLED

RechargeableBattery package(PowerSupply)

GreenGPS LED

DysplayRed Alarm LED

and sound

LiulinLiulin--6SP for the fleet of IBERIA airlines 6SP for the fleet of IBERIA airlines LiulinLiulin--6MB for BEOBAL project6MB for BEOBAL project

LiulinLiulin--4SA for University of NSV, Sydney4SA for University of NSV, Sydney


Examples of Windows Environment SoftwareExamples of Windows Environment Software

Initialization screenshot of 4 Initialization screenshot of 4 slot CIU with 4 MDUsslot CIU with 4 MDUs

Initialization Initialization screenshotscreenshot

List of dose and flux dataList of dose and flux data

Quick look graph of dose and Quick look graph of dose and flux dataflux data

Quick look graph of spectraQuick look graph of spectra

Quick look graph of ET Quick look graph of ET spectrogramspectrogram


Usual blockUsual block--diagram of the Dosimetry Unitdiagram of the Dosimetry Unit

Charge sensitivepreamplifier Discriminator

12 bit Analogto digitalconverter

Micro-controller

MasterMicrocontroler Port

Flashmemory1024 kB

SRAM512 b

Silicon Detector2 cm2 ; 0.3 mm

Lithium-Ion Batteries or ExternalPower Suply Clock-Calendar


MDU calibration curves obtained by Dr. Uchihori at MDU calibration curves obtained by Dr. Uchihori at different NIRS sourcesdifferent NIRS sources

0 5000 10000 15000 200000

50

100

150

200

250

Deposit Energy (keV)

ADC

Ch.

Y=X*0.0123

Ne(400)

C(400)He

p

Comparison between predicted (dotted line) Comparison between predicted (dotted line) and obtained (points) deposited energiesand obtained (points) deposited energies


Calibration resultsCalibration results


MDU spectra from different sources and conditionsMDU spectra from different sources and conditions

0.10 1.00 10.00Deposited energy (MeV)

1E+0

1E+1

1E+2

1E+3

1E+4

1E+5

1E+6

1E+7

Cou

nts

per

chan

nel

Background

at 12000 m. alt.

X rays

Alpha part.

90^Sr

137^Cs

Protons 60 MeV


Some Some LouvainLouvain--lala--NeuveNeuve, Belgium, Belgium cyclotron facilitycyclotron facilityproton calibration results (1999proton calibration results (1999--2000) 22000) 2

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70Incident energy (MeV)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Ener

gy lo

st (M

eV)

GEANT

Tables

Liulin

""BetheBethe--Bloch" behavior of Liulin experimental Bloch" behavior of Liulin experimental data at normal incidence (red crosses) versus data at normal incidence (red crosses) versus energy. The blue squares refer to Ziegler and energy. The blue squares refer to Ziegler and Williamson estimations while the continuous Williamson estimations while the continuous green line is the prediction of GEANT 3.21.green line is the prediction of GEANT 3.21.

Theoretical and experimental deposited energy Theoretical and experimental deposited energy spectra recorded by Liulin spectrometer for 7.8 spectra recorded by Liulin spectrometer for 7.8

MeV proton irradiation at different incidence MeV proton irradiation at different incidence anglesangles

0 2 4 6 8 10 12Energy lost (MeV)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Cou

nts

0° Liulin

0° GEANT

30° Liulin

30° GEANT

60° Liulin

60° GEANT

75° Liulin

75° GEANT


Some Some LouvainLouvain--lala--NeuveNeuve, Belgium, Belgium cyclotron facility cyclotron facility proton calibration results (1999proton calibration results (1999--2000) 2000)

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Energy loss (MeV)

1E+0

1E+1

1E+2

1E+3

1E+4

1E+5

Coun

ts p

er c

hane

l

9910042107.li160 MeV proton beam 0.2 mm Al shield

0°

10°

30°

50°

60°

70°

75°

90°

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90Incidence angles (degree)

0

1

10

100

Ener

gy lo

ss (

MeV

)

60 MeV GEANT60 MeV Ziegler60 MeV Liulin

12.6 MeV GEANT

12.6 MeV Ziegler

12.6 MeV Liulin

Experimentally obtained energy spectra Experimentally obtained energy spectra recorded by Liulin spectrometer for 60 MeV recorded by Liulin spectrometer for 60 MeV

proton irradiation at different incidence anglesproton irradiation at different incidence angles

Comparison between theoretical and experimental Comparison between theoretical and experimental places of the maxima of the deposited energies places of the maxima of the deposited energies recorded by Liulin spectrometer for 12.6 and 60 recorded by Liulin spectrometer for 12.6 and 60

MeV proton irradiation at different incidence anglesMeV proton irradiation at different incidence angles


HIMAC experiment setupHIMAC experiment setup

SC PSD InstrumentXZ

stage

Theta stage


Protons 40 MeVProtons 40 MeV

Uchihori, Y., et all, Analysis of the calibration results obtaiUchihori, Y., et all, Analysis of the calibration results obtained with Liulinned with Liulin--4J spectrometer4J spectrometer--dosimeter on protons and heavy ions, Radiation Measurements, 35,dosimeter on protons and heavy ions, Radiation Measurements, 35, 127127--134, 2002.134, 2002.

NIRS cyclotron experimental resultsNIRS cyclotron experimental results**

MDU data acquisition system MDU data acquisition system efficiencyefficiency


History of the irradiation of the MDU#8 with Carbon ions with diHistory of the irradiation of the MDU#8 with Carbon ions with different anglesfferent angles

HIMAC experimental resultsHIMAC experimental results


Fragmentation of Acryl target by 500 Fragmentation of Acryl target by 500 MeV/u Iron ions beam. The MDU is at 1.5 MeV/u Iron ions beam. The MDU is at 1.5

degree from the beam line directiondegree from the beam line direction

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22Deposited Energy (MeV)

1E-1

1E+0

1E+1

1E+2

1E+3

1E+4

Cou

nts

Polyacryl Target with 2 mm thickness

MDU at 1.8 deg from the beam

Carbon at 5.6

Nitrogen at 7.6Oxygen at 10.0

Fluorine at 12.7Neon at 15.6

Natrium at 18.9

Boron at 3.9

Carbon ions 400 MeVCarbon ions 400 MeV

RRMDRRMD--III dataIII data

HIMAC experimental results 2HIMAC experimental results 2


100

10000

. uni

ts

Comparison of the spectra obtained during the calibrations at Comparison of the spectra obtained during the calibrations at Chiba, Japan (February, 2002) with 400 MeV/u Carbon ions by Chiba, Japan (February, 2002) with 400 MeV/u Carbon ions by the 4 MDUs of Liulinthe 4 MDUs of Liulin--E094 and DOSTELE094 and DOSTEL--1 instrument build by 1 instrument build by

Kiel University, GermanyKiel University, Germany

The deposited energies in 300 The deposited energies in 300 µµm thick silicon detector from 400 MeV carbon ions m thick silicon detector from 400 MeV carbon ions were estimated using a computer calculation (were estimated using a computer calculation (SalamonSalamon, 1980), to be ~6.1 MeV in the , 1980), to be ~6.1 MeV in the

silicon detector (Uchihori et al, 2002)silicon detector (Uchihori et al, 2002)


Comparisons with more instrumentsComparisons with more instruments(Uchihori, Y., WRMISS, Vienna, September 2004)(Uchihori, Y., WRMISS, Vienna, September 2004)


Comparison of experimentally measured energy Comparison of experimentally measured energy deposition spectrum with Landau and deposition spectrum with Landau and VavilovVavilov theoretical theoretical

distributionsdistributions

MDUMDU--301 301 Landau Landau distribution, distribution, Helium 150 MeV/n Helium 150 MeV/n 16.02.200416.02.2004

MDUMDU--301 301 VavilovVavilov distribution, distribution, Helium 150 MeV/n Helium 150 MeV/n 16.02.200416.02.2004

The calculations indicated that the difference doesnThe calculations indicated that the difference doesn’’t exceed 3%t exceed 3%(Benghin, V., et all, WRMISS, Vienna, September 2004.)(Benghin, V., et all, WRMISS, Vienna, September 2004.)


Relative dose distributions in different Relative dose distributions in different onon--Earth fields as obtained by F. SpurnyEarth fields as obtained by F. Spurny


Relative dose distributions in different Relative dose distributions in different onon--Earth fields and on balloons and aircrafts as Earth fields and on balloons and aircrafts as

obtained by F. Spurny obtained by F. Spurny


InIn--flight Interflight Inter--calibrationscalibrationswith other instrumentswith other instruments


LiulinLiulin--4SN comparisons with TEPC data during aircraft 4SN comparisons with TEPC data during aircraft experiments performed by Royal College, Canadaexperiments performed by Royal College, Canada**

Elapsed Flight T ime (m in)0 200 400 600 800

Abs

orbe

d D

ose

per I

nter

val (μ G

y/20

min

)

0 .0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Alti

tude

(ft)

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

LIULINTEPCAltitude

DLIULIN (μGy)

0 5 10 15 20 25D

TEP

C (μ

Gy)

0

5

10

15

20

25

*Bennett, L.G.I; Lewis, B.J.; *Bennett, L.G.I; Lewis, B.J.; KitchingKitching, F.; Green, A.R.; Butler, A., An Empirical Approach to the , F.; Green, A.R.; Butler, A., An Empirical Approach to the Measurement of the Cosmic Radiation Field at Jet Aircraft AltituMeasurement of the Cosmic Radiation Field at Jet Aircraft Altitudes, COSPAR04des, COSPAR04--AA--01135, Presented at 01135, Presented at 35th COSPAR Assembly, Paris, July 2004.35th COSPAR Assembly, Paris, July 2004.


Comparison between Liulin MDUs and Comparison between Liulin MDUs and NASA TEPC at ISSNASA TEPC at ISS**

1E-2

1E-1

1E+0

1E+1

Dos

e R

ate

(uG

y/m

in)

UT (HH:MM:SS)

Spec

ific

Dos

e (n

Gy/

part

)

MDU#1

MDU#2

MDU#3

MDU#4

TEPC

TEPC SD

MDU#4 SD

19:37:30 19:42:30 19:47:30 19:52:30 19:57:30 20:02:30

*Dachev, T.; Atwell, W.; *Dachev, T.; Atwell, W.; SemonesSemones, E.; Tomov, B.; Reddell, B. ISS Observations of the Trapped Pro, E.; Tomov, B.; Reddell, B. ISS Observations of the Trapped Proton ton Anisotropic Effect: A Comparison with Model Calculations, paper Anisotropic Effect: A Comparison with Model Calculations, paper F2.6F2.6--00220022--04, presented at 35th 04, presented at 35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Paris, France July 2004. (will be puCOSPAR Scientific Assembly, Paris, France July 2004. (will be published in ASR, 2005)blished in ASR, 2005)


Space experimentsSpace experiments


First Liulin dosimeterFirst Liulin dosimeter--radiometer was successfully flown on radiometer was successfully flown on Mir space station between 1988 and 1994Mir space station between 1988 and 1994

Detector Block:Detector Block:Size: 40x100x160mmSize: 40x100x160mm


Control Block:Control Block:Size: 300x220x170 mmSize: 300x220x170 mm


Charge sensitivepreamplifier-shaper A225

AmplifierVoltage toFrequencyConverter

Discriminator

Microcomputer65C02

Telemetry

RS2322cm2, 0.306 mmSurface Barrier

Detector

Detector Unit Microcomputer Unit

AnalogSwitch

AmplifierIntegrator

Fluence

Dose

Uref. Display

Display


Global variations of the LIULIN flux data for 1991 in Global variations of the LIULIN flux data for 1991 in comparison with the altitude of MIR space stationcomparison with the altitude of MIR space station

Flux

(cm

^-2

s^-1

)

LIULIN MIR FLUX DATA FOR 1991

01.01.91-25.01.91

04.02.91-28.02.91

01.03.91-22.03.91

29.03.91-14.04.91

14.04.91-05.05.91

17.06.91-10.07.91

10.07.91-01.08.91

01.08.91-27.08.91

05.09.91-02.10.91

02.10.91-02.11.91

02.11.91-05.12.91

05.12.91-31.12.91

-50.00

0.00

50.00

-50.00

0.00

50.00

-50.00

0.00

50.00

GEO

GR

APH

IC L

ATIT

UD

E (d

eg)

-50.00

0.00

50.00

-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180

GEOGRAPHIC LONGITUDE (deg)

-50.00

0.00

50.00

0.100.130.170.250.350.500.560.640.751.503.005.007.5010.0015.0025.00

-50.00

0.00

50.00

-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180

Altit

ude

(km

)

LIULIN MIR ALTITUDE VARIATIONS FOR 199101.01.91-25.01.91 387 km

04.02.91-28.02.91 378 km

01.03.91-22.03.91 388 km

29.03.91-14.04.91 374 km

14.04.91-05.05.91 376 km

17.06.91-10.07.91 402 km

10.07.91-01.08.91 396 km

01.08.91-27.08.91 395 km

05.09.91-02.10.91 400 km

02.10.91-02.11.91 409 km

02.11.91-05.12.91 398 km

05.12.91-31.12.91 393 km

-50.00

0.00

50.00

-50.00

0.00

50.00

-50.00

0.00

50.00

-50.00

0.00

50.00-50.00

0.00

50.00

GEO

GR

APH

IC L

ATIT

UD

E (d

eg)

-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180

GEOGRAPHIC LONGITUDE (deg)

-50.00

0.00

50.00

-180 -120 -60 0 60 120 180

360365370375380385390395400405410415420425430435


3D Curve fitting of the SAA region for September (4153D Curve fitting of the SAA region for September (415--425 km) 425 km) and November (410and November (410--420 km) 1991420 km) 1991


LiulinLiulin--E094 instrument, flown successfully on American E094 instrument, flown successfully on American Laboratory module MayLaboratory module May--August 2001 as a part of German lead August 2001 as a part of German lead

Dosimetric mapping experimentDosimetric mapping experiment


Ascending/descending spectra comparison for MDU#2 on ISS in 11Ascending/descending spectra comparison for MDU#2 on ISS in 11--19 19 May 2001 time intervalMay 2001 time interval

Tota

l Dep

osite

d en

ergy

in c

hann

el N

(MeV

)

1

10

100

1

10

100

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

AscendingDescending

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.01

10

100

Deposited energy in channel N (MeV)0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

L=1.24/1.22 L=1.32/1.32 L=1.37/1.36

L=1.38/1.134 L=1.37/1.38 L=1.57/1.54

L=1.54/1.52 L=1.68/1.167 L=1.75/1.75

2-50 MeV60-200 MeV

300-400 MeV

DescendingDescending

AscendingAscending


Summary of SAA Summary of SAA observations on ISS in 2001observations on ISS in 2001

-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Longitude (deg)

-50-30-10103050

02351329456080100150200300

Prot

ons?

(cou

nts)

-50-30-10103050

37911162130456080100140170200300

Bre

ms.

?, (c

ount

s)

-50-30-10103050

Latit

ude

(deg

)

0.300.370.450.500.560.640.751.503.005.007.5010.0015.0025.00

-50-30-10103050

02351329456080100150200300

Dos

e (u

Gy/

hour

)Fl

ux (c

m^-

2s^-

1)

ISS, +XVV attitude Liulin-E094, MDU-2 11-27 May 2001

-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

-50-30-10103050

0.10.51.01.31.41.61.71.81.92.02.12.2

D/F

(nG

y.cm

^2/p

art.)

Model PredictionsAP-8 MAX and AE-8 MAX

-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180

Longitude (deg)

-50

-30

-10

10

30

50

Latit

ude

(deg

)

150

200

300

1.73

1.97

2.06

170

200

300

Bre

ms.

? (c

ount

s)

D/F

(nG

y.cm

^2/p

.)

Prot

.? (c

ount

s)

Summary plot ofSAA phenomena


R3DR3D--B2 instrument for ESA BiopanB2 instrument for ESA Biopan--5 facility outside of 5 facility outside of Foton M2 satellite. On June 16 2005 it was successfully returnedFoton M2 satellite. On June 16 2005 it was successfully returned after 2 weeks after 2 weeks in space. The mission will be repeated in 2007. The spectrometerin space. The mission will be repeated in 2007. The spectrometer is mutually is mutually

developed with the University in Erlangen, Germany developed with the University in Erlangen, Germany

PAR channel

UV-A channel

UV-B channel

UV-C channel

Detector of 256 ChannelsLET spectrometer

SizeSize: : 8282x57x25 mmx57x25 mmWeightWeight: 1: 1229 9 gg


4 Channels UV spectrometer


SoyuzSoyuz--U launcher and Foton M spacecraftU launcher and Foton M spacecraft

Foton Foton ММ11

ReRe--entry Module entry Module of Foton of Foton ММ2,2,16 June 200516 June 2005

Launch of Foton Launch of Foton ММ2,2,31 May 200531 May 2005

SoyuzSoyuz--UU

Foton Foton ММ componentscomponents

Biopan 5Biopan 5


Biopan Biopan 5 5 platform on Foton M2platform on Foton M2

Biopan Biopan 3 3 beforebeforethe flightthe flight R3DR3D--BB22

Biopan Biopan 3 3 after after the flightthe flight

R3DR3D--B(1)B(1) in Biopan 4in Biopan 4

Biopan 5Biopan 5 during tests, December during tests, December 2004 2004

Biopan Biopan 4 4 after after the crashthe crash


All available UV and temperature data All available UV and temperature data in the flash memory of R3Din the flash memory of R3D--B2B2

Orbital dataOrbital dataBefore Before

the flightthe flight

TemperatureTemperature UV and PARUV and PAR

Low ResolutionLow ResolutionHigh ResolutionHigh Resolution


All available ionization radiation (doses and fluxes) data in thAll available ionization radiation (doses and fluxes) data in the e flash memory of R3Dflash memory of R3D--B2B2

R3DR3D--B2 60 sec expositionB2 60 sec exposition

Aircraft flightsAircraft flights

Inside of Foton M2Inside of Foton M2

Orbital dataOrbital data


Comparison of the R3DComparison of the R3D--B2 and LiulinB2 and Liulin--E094 mean daily doses E094 mean daily doses with (Johnson et al, 1993)with (Johnson et al, 1993)


Comparison of R3DComparison of R3D--B2 global data distribution with AEB2 global data distribution with AE--8 Min8 Minand APand AP--8 Min models8 Min models

About 10 degree westward movement of the SAA center R3DAbout 10 degree westward movement of the SAA center R3D--B2 B2 data toward the models is seen, because of the century drift of data toward the models is seen, because of the century drift of the the

magnetic polesmagnetic poles (Models are based on 1960(Models are based on 1960--1970 data)1970 data)

-180 -150 -120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120 150 180-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

Latit

ude

(deg

)

0.30.40.50.81.01.53.05.07.010.017.027.037.050.0

Flux

(cm

^-2

s^-1

)

Models dataModels dataR3DR3D--B2 dataB2 data

R3DR3D--B2 flux distribution dataB2 flux distribution data


3 more experiments are under development3 more experiments are under development

LiulinLiulin--R instrument for R instrument for ESAESA--Norwegian rocketNorwegian rocketLaunch in February Launch in February 2007 2007

Rocket launch up to Rocket launch up to 280 km from Andoya, 280 km from Andoya, Norway (69.3Norway (69.3°° N)N)

WeightWeight: : 120120 ggSizeSize: : 7676x86x25 mmx86x25 mmConsumptionConsumption: : 120120 mWmW

LiulinLiulin--F instrument for F instrument for Russian PhobosRussian Phobos--Ground satelliteGround satellite2009/2011 2009/2011

Satellite at 100 km Satellite at 100 km over the Phobos over the Phobos surface for 2 yearssurface for 2 years


RADOM instrument for RADOM instrument for Indian ChandrayaanIndian Chandrayaan--1 1 satellitesatellite2007/2008 2007/2008

Satellite at 100 km over Satellite at 100 km over the Moon surface for 2 the Moon surface for 2 yearsyears



Results from aircraft and groundbased Liulin type Results from aircraft and groundbased Liulin type spectrometers spectrometers


Comparison of LiulinComparison of Liulin--R and LiulinR and Liulin--6I data with Neutron 6I data with Neutron monitors data during the Forbush decrease in September 2005monitors data during the Forbush decrease in September 2005

5060708090

100110120130140150

Cou

nts

52005300540055005600570058005900600061006200

Cor

rect

ed C

ount

s

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30Day of September 2005

Oulu NM data

Liulin-R data

Jungfraujoch (Jungfraujoch (http://130.92.231.184http://130.92.231.184/)/)

ALOMAR observatory ALOMAR observatory ((http://128.39.135.6http://128.39.135.6))

((JungfraujochJungfraujoch data are obtained by Prof. E. Flueckiger, Switzerland)data are obtained by Prof. E. Flueckiger, Switzerland)

http://130.92.231.184/

http://128.39.135.6/


Short term and unique InShort term and unique In--flight resultsflight results



1E+0

1E+1

1E+2

1E+3

1E+4

Cou

nts

per

chan

nel

Point 1 (X rays)

Flight time dose and flux dynamics Flight time dose and flux dynamics

1E-1

1E+0

1E+1

Dos

e (u

Gy/

hour

)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6Time (Hours)

1E-2

1E-1

1E+0

1E+1

Flux

(cm

-2 s

-1)

MDU 2

MDU 3

MDU 4

Sofia-Frankfurt 07.07.1999

Point 1

Point 2

Point 3


1E+0

1E+1

1E+2

1E+3

1E+4

Cou

nts

per

chan

nel

Point 1 (X rays)

Point 2 (Backgound)


1E+0

1E+1

1E+2

1E+3

1E+4

Cou

nts

per

chan

nel

Point 1 (X rays)

Point 2 (Backgound)

Point 3 (At 12000 m)


First aircraft resultsFirst aircraft results**

LiulinLiulin--3M, prepared for 3M, prepared for GSFCGSFC--NASA, 1997NASA, 1997

Flown on Antarctida balloonFlown on Antarctida balloon

SofiaSofia--NY flight data by LiulinNY flight data by Liulin--3M, June 16, 1997 3M, June 16, 1997

Dachev, Ts.P., E.G. Dachev, Ts.P., E.G. StassinopoulosStassinopoulos, B.T. Tomov, , B.T. Tomov, Pl.GPl.G. Dimitrov, . Dimitrov, Yu.N. Matviichuk, V.A. Shurshakov, V.M. Petrov, Analysis Of The Yu.N. Matviichuk, V.A. Shurshakov, V.M. Petrov, Analysis Of The Cyclotron Facility Calibration And Aircraft Results Obtained By Cyclotron Facility Calibration And Aircraft Results Obtained By LIULINLIULIN--3M Instrument, Adv. Space Res., vol. 32, No 1, pp. 673M Instrument, Adv. Space Res., vol. 32, No 1, pp. 67--71, 71, 2003.2003.


Balloon results obtained on 14th June 2000. Balloon Balloon results obtained on 14th June 2000. Balloon was launched from Gap (France). was launched from Gap (France). **

Baloon flight, June 2000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Time of flight, hours

Flig

ht a

ltitu

de, f

eet

0

3

6

9

Dose

rat

es,

Sv(G

y)/h

our

flight altitude, feetE-rate (CARI6)D(Si) LIULIN

*F. Spurny, Ts. Dachev, B. Tomov, Yu. Matviichuk, Pl. Dimitrov, *F. Spurny, Ts. Dachev, B. Tomov, Yu. Matviichuk, Pl. Dimitrov, K. Fujitaka, Y. Uchihori, H. Kitamura, K. Fujitaka, Y. Uchihori, H. Kitamura, Dosimetry Measurements During a Balloon and Aircraft Flights ProDosimetry Measurements During a Balloon and Aircraft Flights Proceedings of 7th STILceedings of 7th STIL--BAS BAS conference, 169conference, 169--173, Sofia, November, 2000.173, Sofia, November, 2000.


Flight over the magnetic equator Flight over the magnetic equator -- ParisParis--BuenosBuenos--Aires Aires

PAR BUE 27/03/04

0,0

1,8

3,6

5,4

7,2

9,0

0 3 6 9 12 15Flight time, h

H,(E

) rat

es,

Sv/h

0

3

6

9

12

15

Alti

tude

, km

Htot Hlow

Hhigh CARI-E

Altitude


Results from NASA ERResults from NASA ER--2 high altitude aircraft flights 2 high altitude aircraft flights obtained by Uchihori et allobtained by Uchihori et all**

*Uchihori Y, Benton E, Moeller J, *Uchihori Y, Benton E, Moeller J, BendrickBendrick G., Radiation measurements aboard NASA ERG., Radiation measurements aboard NASA ER--2 high 2 high altitude aircraft with the Liulinaltitude aircraft with the Liulin--4J portable spectrometer, Adv Space Res., 32(1), 414J portable spectrometer, Adv Space Res., 32(1), 41--6. 2003.6. 2003.


NASA NASA DDeepeep SSpace pace TTestest BBeded (DSTB) balloon c(DSTB) balloon certificationertification fflightlight on on June 11 2005, New Mexico, USAJune 11 2005, New Mexico, USA

2 of 3 Liulin Mobile Dosimetry Units2 of 3 Liulin Mobile Dosimetry Units

GondolaGondola

BalloonBalloon

Liulins DataLiulins Data

(Liulin data were obtained by Dr. E. Benton, USA and presented a(Liulin data were obtained by Dr. E. Benton, USA and presented at t 1010thth WRMISS meeting, Chiba, Japan, September 2005.)WRMISS meeting, Chiba, Japan, September 2005.)


Last results 1: SydneyLast results 1: Sydney--Los AngelisLos AngelisFebruary 8 2006 February 8 2006

Syd-Lax QF107 8th Feb 2006 FH41B H*(10) 'A' = 31 MicroSv; 'B' = 29 MicroSv ; Liulin H*(10) = 35.53 MicroSv ; BD 100R = 10.6 MicroSv

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

01:55

02:14

02:33

02:52

03:11

03:31

03:50

04:09

04:28

04:47

05:07

05:26

05:45

06:04

06:23

06:43

07:02

07:21

07:40

07:59

08:19

08:38

08:57

09:16

09:35

09:55

10:14

10:33

10:52

11:11

11:31

11:50

12:09

12:28

12:47

13:07

13:26

13:45

14:04

14:23

14:43

15:02

Time (UTC)

Dos

e M

icro

Siev

erts

/hr

Series1 Series2 Series3 Series4 Series5


Last results 2: JohannesburgLast results 2: Johannesburg--SydneySydneyFebruary 23 2006 February 23 2006

Jbg-Syd QF64 23rd Feb 2006 FH41B H8(10) = 40 MicroSv; FH41B (Correct'd) H*(10)= 51.84 MicroSv; Liulin 4SA (linear) H*(10)= 51.06 MicroSv; Liulin4SA (Poly) H*(10) = 55.36 MicroSv; Liulin (Measured)= 20.54 MicroGy; BD100R = 18

Neutrons

-4

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

16:27

16:53

17:18

17:44

18:10

18:35

19:01

19:26

19:52

20:18

20:43

21:09

21:34

22:00

22:26

22:51

23:17

23:42

00:08

00:34

00:59

01:25

01:50

02:16

02:42

03:07

03:33

Time (UTC)

Dos

e R

ate

Mic

roSv

/hr a

nd G

y/hr

Measured FH41B H*(10) Correct'd FH$!B H*(10) Liulin 4SA Linear H*(10)MicrSv/hrLiulin 4SA Poly H*(10)MicroSv/hr Liulin 4SA MicroGy/hr CARI 6 H*(10)


Long term flights on CSA airline Boeing Long term flights on CSA airline Boeing A310A310--300 aircraft300 aircraft


Flight doses and fluxes on Flight doses and fluxes on CSA CSA aircraft betweenaircraft between 2222 MarchMarchandand 77 May 20May 200101 compared with compared with OuluOulu NM dataNM data


Mean doses and fluxes long term variations including Forbush Mean doses and fluxes long term variations including Forbush decreases and GLE#60 as seen by Liulin data on CSA aircraft decreases and GLE#60 as seen by Liulin data on CSA aircraft

Prague NewPrague New--York routes, 22 March York routes, 22 March –– 7 May 20017 May 2001

1

2

3

Mea

n D

ose

rate

(uG

y/ho

ur)

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

Oul

u N

M c

orre

cted

Cou

nt ra

te (c

ount

s)

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

M

ean

Even

t rat

e (c

m^-

2 s^

-1)

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125Day in 2001

15 April1 April 30 April

NM counts

Dose

Event Rate


Flight doses and fluxes on Flight doses and fluxes on CSA CSA aircraft aircraft betweenbetween 30 May30 May andand 24 July 2024 July 200101

compared with compared with OuluOulu NM dataNM data


Mean doses and fluxes long term variations including end of Mean doses and fluxes long term variations including end of 27.05.2001 Forbush decrease as seen by Liulin data on CSA aircra27.05.2001 Forbush decrease as seen by Liulin data on CSA aircraft ft

Prague NewPrague New--York routes, 30 May York routes, 30 May –– 24 July 200124 July 2001

0.8

1.2

1.6

2.0

2.4

Mea

n D

ose

Rat

e (u

Gy/

hour

)

5700

5800

5900

6000

6100

6200

6300

Oul

u N

M c

orre

cted

Cou

nt R

ate

(cou

nts)

150 160 170 180 190 200 Day in 2001

30 May 24 June 4 July 24 July

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

Mea

n Ev

ent R

ate

(cm

^-2

s^-1

)

5700

5800

5900

6000

6100

6200

6300

Oulu NM counts

Event Rate

Dose


Altitudinal dependence by aircraft dataAltitudinal dependence by aircraft data

9000 10000 11000 12000Altitude (m)

0

1

2

3D

ose

rate

(uG

y/ho

ur)


D o s e d is tr ib u tio n c o m p a r is o n

0,00001

0,0001

0,001

0,01

0,1

1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22E d e p , M e V

Rel

ativ

e do

se

C ERN T Cb allo o nOs ak a-Z u r ichg am m a

Dose distribution comparison

0,00001

0,0001

0,001

0,01

0,1

1

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22E dep, MeV

Rel

ativ

e do

se

CERN TC

252Cfgamma

MDU MDU –– interpretation procedureinterpretation procedure

1) Dose in Si is calculated as: Dose in Si is calculated as: D = K * ∑(Ei x Ai)/MD, whereMD – mass of the detector;Ei – energy loss in the channel i;Ai – events number in the channel i;K – coefficient

2)2) Ambient dose equivalent Ambient dose equivalent (H*(10) is calculated as: (H*(10) is calculated as:

D(SiD(Si) above ) above ∼∼ 1 MeV (1 MeV (DhighDhigh) ) -- neutron neutron component component

D(Si) D(Si) belowbelow ∼∼ 1 MeV 1 MeV -- ((DlowDlow ) ) nonnon--neutronneutroncomponentcomponent

DlowDlow and and DhighDhigh –– multiplied by a coefficient to multiplied by a coefficient to get H*(10)highget H*(10)high

Coefficients Coefficients –– established in CERN Reference established in CERN Reference fields and/or on the base of comparison fields and/or on the base of comparison with TEPC resultswith TEPC results

*Procedure is developed by Prof. F. Spurny*Procedure is developed by Prof. F. Spurnyon the base of results from on the base of results from 5 CERN calibration sessions5 CERN calibration sessions


GroundGround--level event (GLE60) on 15.04.2001 level event (GLE60) on 15.04.2001 inin--flight resultsflight results


Solar Proton Event observation by Liulin on MirSolar Proton Event observation by Liulin on Mir

Before the SPE of 29.09.1989Before the SPE of 29.09.1989

Flux Max = 250 p/cmFlux Max = 250 p/cm22 ss

Dose max = 3000 mGy/hDose max = 3000 mGy/h

Universal Time (hours)

1E-3

1E-2

1E-1

1E+0

1E+1

1E+2

1E+3

MIR

LIU

LIN

(Cou

nts/

cm^2

sec

)

3 7 11 15 19 23

1E-3

1E-2

1E-1

1E+0

1E+1

1E+2

1E+3

GO

ES-7

SEM

(Cou

nts/

cm^2

sec

sr)

3 7 11 15 19 23

29.09.1989 30.09.1989

MIR LIULIN

GOES-7 SEM

After the SPE of 29.09.1989After the SPE of 29.09.1989


Flight data dynamics close to the Ground level Flight data dynamics close to the Ground level event number 60 on 15.04.2001event number 60 on 15.04.2001


Flight profiles during and after GLEFlight profiles during and after GLE


5E+3

6E+3

7E+3

8E+3

9E+3

Oul

u N

M c

ount

s

0

1E-3

2E-3

3E-3

4E-3

5E-3

HEP

AD@

GO

ES-8

>8

50 M

eV p

roto

ns(c

m-2

s-1

sr

-1)

1

2

3

4

Si D

ose

Rat

e (u

Gy/

h)

0.8

0.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

Even

t rat

e (c

m-2

s-1

)

13.00 14.00 15.00 16.00 17.00Universal time

Event rate

Dose rate

HEPAD

Oulu NM

Comparisons of the Liulin data with Comparisons of the Liulin data with OuluOulu NM and HEPAD NM and HEPAD (GOES(GOES--8) protons close to Ground level event number 60 8) protons close to Ground level event number 60

on 15.04.2001on 15.04.2001


Comparison of data from aircrafts and ISSComparison of data from aircrafts and ISS& Forbush decrease study& Forbush decrease study


Configuration of ISS and CSA aircraft orbitsConfiguration of ISS and CSA aircraft orbits

-80-70-60-50-40-30-20-10 0 10 20Longitude (deg)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Latit

ude

(deg

)

ISS 28 May 2001

ISS 30 May 2001

ISS 2 June 2001

CSA 1 June 2001

NewNew--YorkYork

PraguePrague


Oulu Neutron Monitor Data Oulu Neutron Monitor Data


Global view of ISS MDUs dataGlobal view of ISS MDUs data


Presentation of the ISS dataPresentation of the ISS data

1 2 3 4 5L value

1

10

Dos

e (u

Gy/

h)Fl

ux (c

m-2

s-1

)D/F

(nG

y cm

2/pa

rt.)

1

10

1

10

ISS Liulin-E094 MDU#$ Descending orbits -80°<Long<20°

2-3 June 2001

28-29 May 2001

22-23 May 2001

Dose

Flux

D/F


Variations of the GCR in dependence of L value Variations of the GCR in dependence of L value as observed by MDU#4 on ISS.as observed by MDU#4 on ISS.

1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5L value

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

MDU#4

Flu

x (c

m-2

s-1

)

Fit 2 June

Fit 30 May

Fit 28 May

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

MDU#4

Dos

e (u

Gy/

hour

)

2 June

30 May

28 May

Liulin-E094ISS US Lab


Aircraft data Aircraft data


Variations of the CSA aircraft dose and flux data for 30 May Variations of the CSA aircraft dose and flux data for 30 May and 2 June 2001 on the route Pragueand 2 June 2001 on the route Prague--New York and backNew York and back

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160Number of measurements

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Dos

e (u

Gy/

hour

)

Dose 30.05.02

Dose 02.06.01

Prague-New Yourk and back

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

Flux

(cm

^-2

s^

-1)

Flux 30.05.02

Flux 02.06.02


Simultaneously plotted Flux data from MDUs on CSA and on Simultaneously plotted Flux data from MDUs on CSA and on ISS from 21 May to 10 June 2001ISS from 21 May to 10 June 2001

1

2

MD

U#4

Flu

x (c

m^-

2s^-

1)

5600

5800

6000

6200

Oul

u N

M c

orre

cted

cou

nts

20.05 25.05 30.05 04.06 09.06May 2001 June 2001

Oulu NM counts

MDU#5 Ave. Flux on CSA

MDU#4 Flux on ISS

Aver. MDU#4 Flux on ISS


Cl KOTC

Comparison of ISS and Comparison of ISS and aircraft dose and NM dataaircraft dose and NM data

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Neu

tron

mon

itor

cou

nts

1

2

3

4

5

6

GC

R D

ose

Rat

e (u

Gy/

hour

)

Oulu

Kiel

Thule

MDU on Aircraft (aver.)

MDU-2 on ISS aver.

May 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 June

2001

Normal to Forbush Normal to Forbush RatiosRatios

On CSA aircraft: N/F=1.29On CSA aircraft: N/F=1.29

On ISS: N/F=1.21On ISS: N/F=1.21


Comparison of the spectra obtained on ISS and on CSA Comparison of the spectra obtained on ISS and on CSA aircraft for the time before and after Forbush Decreaseaircraft for the time before and after Forbush Decrease

1E-2 1E-1 1E+0 1E+1 1E+2Deposited energy in Si (MeV)

1E-5

1E-4

1E-3

1E-2

1E-1

1E+0Fl

ux (c

m2

s-1

)Y = pow(X,-2.62117) * 0.00268503 CSAY = pow(X,-2.35256) * 0.0090629 ISS

CSA 30.05

CSA 02.06

Fit CSA

ISS 28.05

ISS 02.06

Fit ISS


Fitting curves of the Dose, Flux and dose to flux ratio from Fitting curves of the Dose, Flux and dose to flux ratio from MDU#4 on ISS for 3 different periods before, during and after MDU#4 on ISS for 3 different periods before, during and after

the Forbush decrease on 27 May 2001the Forbush decrease on 27 May 2001

1 2 3 4 5L value

1

10

Dos

e (u

Gy/

h)

Flux

(cm

^-2

s^-1

) D

/F (n

Gy

cm^2

/par

t.)

1

10

1

10

ISS Liulin-E094, Descending orbits -80°<Long<20°

2-3 June 2001

28-29 May 2001

22-23 May 2001

Dose Polynomial Fit

D/F Linear Fit

Fit 10: Polynomial

Note:Note:

-- Dose/Flux ratio being Dose/Flux ratio being almost constant about almost constant about

1.08 [mGy cm1.08 [mGy cm22 pp--11];];

-- Average Dose L>2,5 Average Dose L>2,5 is 5.28 [is 5.28 [μμGy/h];Gy/h];

--Average Flux isAverage Flux is1.62 [cm1.62 [cm--2 2 ss--11]]


Dose and dose to flux ratio from MDU#5 Dose and dose to flux ratio from MDU#5 on CSA for 2on CSA for 2--10 June 200110 June 2001

0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3Flux (cm^-2 s^-1)

0.1

1

10

Dos

e (u

Gy/

hour

)

Dos

e/Fl

ux (n

Gy

cm^2

par

t.^-1

)

MDU#5 on CSA aircraft 2-10 June 2001 Dose > 1.0 [uGy/hour]

Dose

Dose/Flux

Linear fit

Note:Note:

-- Dose/Flux ratio being Dose/Flux ratio being almost constant about almost constant about

0.63 [mGy cm0.63 [mGy cm22 pp--11];];

-- Average Dose isAverage Dose is1.68 [1.68 [μμGy/h];Gy/h];

--Average Flux isAverage Flux is0.95 [cm0.95 [cm--2 2 ss--11]]


Halloween magnetic storm data by Liulin MDU on CSAHalloween magnetic storm data by Liulin MDU on CSANeutron monitor stations dataNeutron monitor stations data

Liulin/EPCARD3.2=0.74Liulin/EPCARD3.2=0.74Liulin/EPCARD3.2=0.98Liulin/EPCARD3.2=0.98


Ratios of ambient dose equivalent values for total Ratios of ambient dose equivalent values for total flights estimated from MDUflights estimated from MDU--Liulin measurementsLiulin measurements

and calculated by means of EPCARD3.2 codeand calculated by means of EPCARD3.2 code

RemarksRemarks: : 1) L1) LŠŠ: difference of counts at : difference of counts at LomnickýLomnický ŠŠttíítt cosmic ray neutron monitorcosmic ray neutron monitor

2) April 2001: PRG2) April 2001: PRG--JFK flights; October 2003: PRGJFK flights; October 2003: PRG--SOF (25/10); SOFSOF (25/10); SOF--PRG (29/10)PRG (29/10)


Who is using Liulin type spectrometers and where?Who is using Liulin type spectrometers and where?Dr. G.Dr. G. ReitzReitz, , DLR, Institute DLR, Institute fuerfuer LuftLuft--und und RaumfahrtmedizinRaumfahrtmedizin, Cologne, Germany , Cologne, Germany -- Cigarettes box size Cigarettes box size LSsLSs andandCIU used in the Experiment CIU used in the Experiment ““Dosimetric MappingDosimetric Mapping””, May, May--August, 2001 on the International Space Station; August, 2001 on the International Space Station; Dr. E.G. Dr. E.G. StassinopoulosStassinopoulos, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, USA , Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, USA -- large large LSsLSs used for characterization of used for characterization of radiation field at Antarctic balloons;radiation field at Antarctic balloons;Dr. Y. Dr. Y. UchihoriUchihori, , National Institute of Radiological SciencesNational Institute of Radiological Sciences--STA, Chiba, Japan STA, Chiba, Japan -- Cigarettes box size Cigarettes box size LSsLSs andandlarge size large size LSsLSs used for characterization of dose at HIMAC and for 23 ERused for characterization of dose at HIMAC and for 23 ER--2 flights in period 20002 flights in period 2000--2002;2002;Prof. F. Prof. F. SpurnySpurny, , Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech AS, Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech AS, PrahaPraha, large MDUs and , large MDUs and Cigarettes box size Cigarettes box size LSsLSs used used for about 9x2 months flights on CSA A310for about 9x2 months flights on CSA A310--300 aircraft in 2001300 aircraft in 2001--2005;2005;Dr. V. Dr. V. Petrov Petrov and Dr. V. Shurshakov, and Dr. V. Shurshakov, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia Cigarettes box size Cigarettes box size MDUs with displays MDUs with displays will be used in the Service Radioprotection System on the Russiawill be used in the Service Radioprotection System on the Russian segment of the n segment of the International Space Station for 15 years starting from 2006;International Space Station for 15 years starting from 2006;Dr. J.Dr. J.--F. F. BottollierBottollier, Institut de Protection , Institut de Protection eses de de SureteSurete NucleaireNucleaire –– CEA, CEA, FontenayFontenay--AuxAux--Roses, FranceRoses, FranceCigarettes box size LSCigarettes box size LS large LS are used on Air France aircrafts;large LS are used on Air France aircrafts;Dr. P. Dr. P. BilskiBilski, , Health Physics Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow,Health Physics Laboratory, Institute of Nuclear Physics, Krakow, Poland Poland -- large LS is used on large LS is used on aircrafts;aircrafts;Dr. Les Dr. Les BennettBennett, , Royal Military ColleagueRoyal Military Colleague, Ontario, Canada , Ontario, Canada -- spectrometers with GPS on aircrafts;spectrometers with GPS on aircrafts;Prof. D.Prof. D.--P. P. HaederHaeder, University of Erlangen, Germany , University of Erlangen, Germany –– R3DR3D--B type and R3D spectrometers for ESA Biopan B type and R3D spectrometers for ESA Biopan and EXPOSE facilities on Foton M satellites and ISS;and EXPOSE facilities on Foton M satellites and ISS;Dr. Eric Dr. Eric BentonBenton, ERIL Research, USA, , ERIL Research, USA, Cigarettes box size MDUs for NASA balloon mission;Cigarettes box size MDUs for NASA balloon mission;Prof. Erwin Prof. Erwin FlueckigerFlueckiger, University of Bern, Switzerland, Internet based spectrometer o, University of Bern, Switzerland, Internet based spectrometer on n JungfraujochJungfraujoch((http://130.92.231.184/http://130.92.231.184/););Dr. Michael Dr. Michael GausaGausa, Andoya Rocket Range, Norway, Internet based spectrometer on AL, Andoya Rocket Range, Norway, Internet based spectrometer on ALOMAR observatory OMAR observatory ALOMAR (ALOMAR (http://128.39.135.6http://128.39.135.6););Dr. Peter Dr. Peter BeckBeck, Head Radiation Safety R&D, ARC Seibersdorf research, Austria , Head Radiation Safety R&D, ARC Seibersdorf research, Austria –– DU with RS232 port and DU with RS232 port and external power supply 9external power supply 9--36 V for aircraft measurements; 36 V for aircraft measurements; Dr. Jose Carlos Dr. Jose Carlos SaezSaez--VergaraVergara, CIEMAT, and Dr. Dr. Ram, CIEMAT, and Dr. Dr. Ramóón n DomDomííngueznguez--MompellMompell, IBERIA, Health Services, , IBERIA, Health Services, AeropuertoAeropuerto de Barajas, Madrid de Barajas, Madrid –– LiulinLiulin--4S LETS with GPSs for aircraft measurements; 4S LETS with GPSs for aircraft measurements;

http://130.92.231.184/

http://128.39.135.6/


ConclusionsConclusions

Different modifications of Liulin type spectrometers was Different modifications of Liulin type spectrometers was developed and build by SRIG in STILdeveloped and build by SRIG in STIL--BAS between 1985 and BAS between 1985 and 2006. For the period the weight and power consumption of the 2006. For the period the weight and power consumption of the instruments was decreased more than 100 times, while the instruments was decreased more than 100 times, while the obtained scientific information was increased more than 10 obtained scientific information was increased more than 10 times;times;Calibrations of Liulin type spectrometers on radiation sources Calibrations of Liulin type spectrometers on radiation sources and different type accelerators with electrons, protons and and different type accelerators with electrons, protons and heavy ions was performed. The obtained results well coincide heavy ions was performed. The obtained results well coincide with the theoretical predictions;with the theoretical predictions;Liulin spectrometers proved their availability to qualify the Liulin spectrometers proved their availability to qualify the different radiation fields in space, on aircraft and on ground;different radiation fields in space, on aircraft and on ground;Comparison of Liulin type spectrometers with other high Comparison of Liulin type spectrometers with other high statistics instruments and statistics instruments and TEPCsTEPCs show that in many cases they show that in many cases they are compatible;are compatible;Future experiments in space are under development and will be Future experiments in space are under development and will be

performed up to 2019;performed up to 2019;


Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

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