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CWwv=B1. joint contracts tribunal (JCT)2. institution of civil engineering (ICE)3. liquidated and ascertained damages4. liquidated damage5. delay damage6. cost7. direct Loss and/or expense

8. disruption9. pro�t

�References� `@=vt1. Gri�ths, P.; Birchall, S. and Ramus, J.W., Contract

Practice for Surveyors, Fourth Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann (2006).

128

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"�1378 3 3�3. Eggleston, B., The ICE Conditions of Contract: Seventh

Edition, Second Edition, WileyBlackwell (2001).4. Chappell, D., Parris's Standard Form of Building Con-

tract, Third Edition, Blackwell (2002).5. Speaight, A. and Stone, G., Architect's Legal Handbook,

Eighth edition, Architectural Press (2004).6. F�ed�eration Internationale des Ing�enieurs- Conseils

(FIDIC), Conditions of Contract for Construction, MDBHarmonised Edition (2006).

7. Jeremy, G.; Christopher, T. and Simon, H., Understand-ing the New FIDIC Red Book: A Clause-by-Clause Com-mentary, Sweet & Maxwell (2006).

8. Davison, R.P. and Mullen, J., Evaluating ContractClaims, Second Edition, Blackwell Publishing (2009).

|twta \}=QW xU}=kt w Okv '|@DHt 'QwB|rav}UL w Q=} QyW '|t} QmOtLt "9Q_vt R= �l}O}i w ICE 'JCT� |rrtr= u}@ |=yO=OQ=Qk \}=QW =@ u=Q}= u=t}B"�1388� u=Q}= 'u=QyD 'xSwQB C} Q}Ot |rrtr= u}@ Tv=Qivm u}tHvB 'u=tR O}OtD

129

TO STUDY AND REVIEW THEDIFFERENCE BETWEEN THEGENERAL CONDITION OFCONTRACT OF IRAN AND THEREQUIREMENTS OFINTERNATIONAL CONTRACTSS. M. Karimikarimi.sh@srbiau.ac.irDept. of Civil EngineeringIslamic Azad University, Science and ResearchBranchS. M. Hosseinalipour?m-hosseinalipour@sbu.ac.irSchool of Architecture and urbanShahid Beheshti UniversityN. Arabshahitarhandishan@Taceco.comMarine EngineeringUniversity of Geneva

Sharif Civil Engineering JournalVolume 28, Issue 2, Page 123-129, Research Note

c Sharif University of Technology

AbstractTime is an extremely important issue in construction.Together with cost and quality, it is a primary objectiveof project management, and a major criterion by whichthe success of a project is judged. In practice, projectsare required to be completed by a certain date, and, inthe case of commercial projects, this usually means assoon as possible. Time is also of fundamental impor-tance to the contractor in that he must assess his per-formance capabilities and resources in order to carry outand complete the work within a given time. Whilst boththe employer and the contractor would prefer the cer-tainty of a �xed completion date, delays are an inevitablepart of the construction process. With regard to theimportance of time for project parties, most construc-tion contracts include provisions for delay to oblige theresponsible party to pay damages. Contractors would

normally want to be paid as much as possible, and foras little risk as possible. Conversely, owners will wantto pay as little and as late as possible, and possibly,and/or forcibly, transfer all risk, expense and cost tothe contractor. In the event of one of the party incur-ring those costs, he will certainly look for reimburse-ment from the other party. For years, there have been anumber of construction disputes involving delay in con-struction projects. So, most standard-form internationalconstruction contracts currently in use contain detailedprovisions, under which the contractor can claim againstthe employer for any losses su�ered if the work is dis-rupted due to certain speci�ed causes. From the view-point of indemnifying damages, Iranian General Con-ditions of Contracts have shortcomings, and the risksof increasing costs for delays are not apportioned fairlyin its provisions. For renovation, indemnifying damageprovisions, and a fair apportioning of incurring costs, acomparative comparison between the general conditionsin Iran and international conditions are used in this ar-ticle. The general purpose of this paper is to discussand compare conditions of contract provisions for recov-ering delay damages in Iran and international standards(JCT, ICE and FIDIC). In particular, the paper focuseson the shortcomings of the Iranian General Conditionsof Contracts, regarding the recovery of delay damages.The result of research shows that reconsideration of theindemnifying contractor and owner damage provisionsof Iranian General Conditions of Contracts is necessary.One of the most important results of the research is thehigh level risk of Iranian General Conditions of Con-tracts in the case of owner delays, since few events forrecovery of owner damage are predicted in the IranianGeneral Conditions of Contracts. Also, no mechanismfor claiming recovery of owner damage from the con-tractor is predicted in the Iranian General Conditions ofContracts.

Key Words: delay, general conditions of contract, claim.

? corresponding authorReceived 30 November 2009; received in revised form 29 January2011; accepted 15 June 2011