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&
Invitalia
181/89
Invitalia
-324-
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Invitalia ( 3000 ( 2250 ) ( 3000 )
25
25 40Invitalia
30
181/89
-325-
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i i
i i
Via Calabria, 46 00187 Roma
[email protected] [email protected]
www.invitalia.it
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Agenzia nazionale per lattrazione degli investimenti e lo
sviluppo dimpresa SpA
RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN ITALY Market Analysis and Business
Opportunities
Taipei, 26th April 2012
Res Market Analysis
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Source: ENEA Energy and Environment Report 2009, November
2010
Energy market in Italy and RES contribution
Energy demand by source, 2009 Dependence on energy from
abroad
Due to limited national energy resources, Italys average
dependence rate from abroad is equal to 88% versus the 55% EU- 27
average.
Italy has no electronuclear generation and covers 77% of primary
energy consumption via oil and gas. In 2009 RES share accounts for
11%.
Source: Enerdata, December 2011
2011 PV market forecasts: Italy solar champion of the year
PV expected installations in 2011 Top 6 countries in the
world
In 2011, according to an IHS iSuppli PV Market Brief report
Italy added more solar capacity than any other country in the
world, with 6,9 GW of new installations.
After two years at the top, Germany lost its place as the worlds
top PV market, slipping to No. 2 behind former runner-up Italy. PV
solar system installations in Germany during 2011 are expected to
decline to 5.9 gigawatts (GW), down 20% from 7.4 GW in 2010.
Behind the two giant European players there are the United
States in third place, with 2.7 GW worth of installations in 2011;
China in fourth, with 1.7 GW; Japan in fifth with 1.3 GW and France
in sixth with approximately 1.0 GW of new installations.
Source: IHS iSuppli Research, December 2011
2011 rank Country PV installations (MW)
1 Italy 6.900
2 Germany 5.923
3 USA 2.703
4 China 1.726
5 Japan 1.300
6 France 963
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21.294 22.307 23.859
26.518
30.284
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
RES in Italy: sustained growth, notably photovoltaics
Source: GSE Statistical Report, 2011
Cumulated power capacity from RES, 2006-2010 (MW)
RES cumulated power capacity by source, 2010 (MW)
Growth rate (2009-2010)
Wind
Photovoltaics
18,7%
203,3%
Bioenergy 16,5 %
CAGR 9,2%
Hydro59%Wind
19%
Geothermal3%
Solid Biomass4%
Biogas 2%
Bioliquid 2%
Solar 11%
Source: GSE Statistical Report, 2011
In 2010 Italy invested around 14 bln $ in RES - 4th largest
investment among G-20 countries - with a growth rate 2009/2010
equal to +124% (it is the 3rd best growth rate registered among
G-20 countries).
RES investments in G20 countries in 2010 (bln $)
Source: The Pew Charitable Trusts Edition 2010
RES in Italy: a huge amount of investments in 2010
4
4
4,9
5,6
7,6
13,4
13,9
34
41,2
54,4
France
India
Spain
Canada
Brazil
Rest of EU27
Italy
USA
Germany
China
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Italy ranks fifth in the EU for RES-E production
RES-E production in 2010 - Top 10 EU countries, (TWh)
RES-E production in Italy by source in 2010
With a yearly electricity production from renewable sources
(RES) equal to 77 TWh, Italy is one of the European leaders in
RES-E development.
12
24
25
28
45
77
78
84
96
101
Denmark
Finland
UK
Portugal
Austria
Italy
France
Sweden
Spain
Germany
Source: GSE Statistical Report, 2011
Hydro66%
Wind12%
Geothermal7%
Solid Biomass6%
Biogas Biomass3%
Bioliquid Biomass4%
Solar 2%
Source: GSE Statistical Report, 2011
Italys targets for renewable energy at 2020
Cumulated power capacity in 2010 = 30.283 MW
Expected Overall installed power capacity from RES at 2020 =
43.823 MW
17.876
5.814
3.470
772
2.351
17.800
12.680
8.600
920
3.820
-
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
16.000
18.000
20.000
Hydro Wind Solar Geothermal Biomass
2010
target 2020
118%
148%
19%62%
Source: GSE - Statistical Report, 2011; Italian Economic
Development Ministry - National Action plan for the RES
Development, July 2010
Significant investment opportunities in RES, notably in the wind
and PV segments, where the most relevant growth is expected
(MW)
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CHOSE
ENEA EA
Univ. Verona
CNR-ITAE CCC
CNR-IENI
CNR-IMM
Main R&D centers and hi-tech districts dealing with green
technologies
Tecnopolo Tiburtino
Etna Valley
v. VeeeeV roHabitech
HI-MECH
Veneto Nanotech
IMAST
DITNE
Excellent academic and research background ENEA, Italian Agency
for New Technologies, Energy and Environment CNR, National Research
Council, with IMM, ITAE and IENI institute specialized on solar
energy research University of Verona - Laboratory for Solar Energy
Conversion RSE, National Research Center for electricity system
CHOSE, Center for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy at the Tor
Vergata University campus (Rome)
Hi-tech districts They provide industrial competencies, R&D
facilities, technological services, location opportunities
Veneto Nanotech, National District for nanotechnologies DITNE,
National District for Energy (Apulia) Habitech, National District
on Eco-Building and Renewables (Trento) IMAST, National District on
polimeric and composite materials engineering and structures
(Naples) HI-MECH, National District for Mechatronic
(Emilia-Romagna) Tecnopolo Tiburtino, Technology Park (Rome)
focused on ICT, RES and aerospace Etna Valley, the microelectronics
cluster in Catania, where only last July
Enel-Sharp-STMicroeletronics inaugurated their thin film PV
manufacturing plant
Italian R&D network in the RES sector
RSE
Photovoltaic sector
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World PV market: the EU leadership
World PV market: cumulated power capacity from 2000 to 2010
World PV market reached record levels in 2010 with approx. 18 GW
estimated new installed power capacity (50% increase versus 2008)
taking the entire PV capacity to 39 GW. In 2010, the EU confirmed
as the main driver of the world PV market: 70% of installed power
capacity (15 GW).
Source: PV Status Report 2011, European Commission Joint
Research Centre Institute for Energy
ITALY
ITALY
Germany remains the worlds largest PV market. Italy is one of
the most promising mid term markets: in 2010 with 2.321 MW new
installations it was one of the world fastest growing country,
increasing considerably its share in the global PV market. World
cumulative power capacity is expected to increase between 13,7 GW
(moderate scenario) and 30 GW (Policy-driven scenario) by 2014.
Source: EurObservER 2011
PV cumulated power capacity in 2010 (MW)
PV installed power capacity during 2010 (MW)
*Estimate
PV power capacity installed in the EU in 2010*
Italy 2009:
698 MW new installations 2010:
2.321 MW new installations (2nd most growing country in EU after
Germany)
3.478 MW cumulated power capacity
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Italys solar radiation ranks among the best in
Europe Northern Italy: 1,000-1,200 kWh/kWp /year.
Central Italy: 1,100-1,300 kWh/kWp / year
Southern Italy: 1,300-1,500 kWh/kWp /year
Southern Italy is one of the best European locations for solar
energy production.
Overall annual energy produced by 1kWp PV systems with
optimally-inclined modules
Italian favourable climate for PV energy production
Ideal solar radiation conditions,
notably in Southern Italy
Fast growing PV manufacturing value chain in Italy
Approx. 800 enterprises operate throughout Italys PV market.
The whole value chain turnover reached 7.6 billion (+162% with
respect to 2009).
Higher dregree of internatinalization of italian companies.
Italys enterprises own the lions share in the later phases
(distribution/installation), where contacts with final clients
(residential/industrial) and the widespread presence on the
territory play a key role.
Over the past 2 years, Italian entrepreneurs - often in
partnership with foreign investors - have announced new innovative
manufacturing initiatives to preside over the value chain earlier
phases, where marginalities prove higher.
Source: Solar Energy Report 2011 Polytechnic University of
Milan
Delivery & Installation
7.600 mn
Residential 1.950 mn
KW 20
Cells & Modules
3.460 mn
Industrial 1.470 mn
20 KW 200
Huge plants 1.600 mn KW > 1000
Inverters and other
Components
2.170 mn
Silicon &
Wafer
1.400 mn
Medium plants 2.630 mn
200 KW 1000
Total Turnover: 7,6 billion
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Wind sector
In 2010 global installed wind power capacity increased by 24.1%
with 38,3 GW new installations, reaching the value of 197 GW
cumulated power capacity. The main markets driving growth continued
to be Asia and Europe, which installed 21.5 GW and 9.9 GW
respectively in 2010. However, emerging markets in Latin America
are beginning to take off, led by Brazil and Mexico. China,
accounting for half the new global wind installations (18.9 GW),
now has 44.7 GW of wind power, and has surpassed the US to claim
the number one spot in terms of total installed capacity. During
2010, 9,9 GW of wind power was installed across Europe, with
European Union countries accounting for 9,295 MW of the total.
Germany ranks 3rd in the world and remains the European leader with
27,2 GW cumulated power capacity. Italy is the 6th largest wind
market in the world and the 3rd in Europe, with a total installed
capacity of 5.8 GW.
Global wind market: leading countries
Cumulated wind power capacity - top 10 countries, 2010
Source:GWEC Global Wind 2010 Report
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Source: EurObservER 2011
Wind cumulated power capacity by the end of 2010 (MW)
Wind installed power capacity during 2010 (MW)
Italy 2010:
899 MW new installations
5.798 MW cumulated power capacity
3rd largest wind market in Europe after Germany and Spain
Wind power capacity installed in the EU in 2010*
*Estimate
Capacities decommissioned during 2010 (MW)
487 active wind plants at the end of 2010, 193 of them installed
only in 2010
Cumulated wind power capacity accounts for 19% of installed
power capacity from renewable sources in Italy
98% of installed capacity is in Southern Italy, which offer
ideal environmental conditions for wind energy production
Sicily, Apulia and Campania are the leading regions with over
60% of overal Italian wind power installations
0 MW
Wind power in Italy: key figures
Source: ANEV, Italian National Association for wind energy
Cumulated wind power capacity by region, 2010
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The Italian National Association for Wind Energy (ANEV) has
estimated, taking in account all possible constraints, a wind power
potential market of 16.200 MW overall installations by the end of
2020, corresponding to 27,5 TWh, 6.7% of national electricity
consumption. Italy shows great opportunities for future onshore
plants especially in the Centre and in the South: while Europe is
seeing increasing saturation of onshore market, Italy has still a
wide potential to fulfill.
MW installed/to be installed TWh of electricity production from
wind
Source: ANEV, Italian National Association for wind energy
Wind power in Italy: growth potential
Growth potential for wind installations in Italy from 2011 to
2020 (MW)
Source: EWEA, European Wind Energy Association ANEV, Italian
Wind Energy Association
Wind Sector: Italian value chain
Manufacturing
21 companies
Business Development
34 companies
Utilities
12 companies
Consultancy 3 companies
R&D 4
companies
Logistic 1 company
Sales & Marketing
8
companies
Generator(19%)
Tower(14%)
Turbine(10%)
Components(14%)
Controls(24%)
Gearbox (19%)
Italian wind industry is growing with the market:
Many Italian SMEs operate in
manufacturing of components, such gearbox, tower, etc. and are
suppliers of major wind turbine manufactures.
A study conducted by ANEV in
2008 revealed that 15.152 people were employed in the Italian
wind energy sector (4.430 directly employed);
Assuming that Italy reaches its goal of 16,200 MW by 2020, the
total number of jobs expected is 66,010 units.
Italian wind industry (number of companies and type of
production)
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Bioenergy sector
Bioenergy production derives from a great number of materials of
different origins.
Italian Law (Dlgs 29 december 2003, N.387) defines biomass as
the biodegradable part of products, waste and residues from
agriculture (plants and animals), forestry and connected industrial
activities, but also the biodegradable part of industrial and
municipal waste.
This definition includes numerous products and organic waste
coming from different activities, that can be classified in five
main categories:
agriculture: dedicated cultivations, agricultural waste;
agroforestry: waste from forestry cultivations, agroforestry,
use of copse woods, etc.;
zootechnics: waste materials from zootechnics and animals;
manufacturing: waste from wood and paper industry, agro and food
industry, etc.;
municipal waste: waste from up keeping of green areas or wet
waste.
Biomasses can be used directly in energy production or
transformed in liquid or gaseous biofuels. For this reason,
bioenergies can be classified in 3 main categories: solid, liquid
and gaseous biomasses.
The characteristics of these biofuels allow their use in several
fields: power production, heat energy, biofuel for transports.
Bioenergy: definition and features
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Hydro59%Wind
19%
Geothermal3%
Solid Biomass4%
Biogas 2%
Bioliquid 2%
Solar 11%
Bioenergies account for 8% of installed power capacity from
renewable sources in Italy, with a total value of 2.351 MW in 2010
(an annual increase of +16,5%, equal to +333MW).
669 production plants (250 new plants in 2010): biogas plants
(66%), biomasses plants (20%), bioliquid plants (14%).
Biomass plants - accounting for 53% of total installed capacity
are the biggest with an average size of 9 MW in comparison with
biogas plants (1 MW).
Bioenergy: the relevance of the sector in Italy
Number and capacity of bioenergy plants in Italy
Installed capacity in Italy by renewable energy source in
2010
Tot. Bioenergies 8%
9.440 GWh of power energy in 2010 produced thanks to bioenergies
(+24,9% vs 2009). It represents 12% of the total national
production from renewable energies (77.000 GWh).
In the last 10 years, power generated from bioenergies has grown
by 30% every year (from 1.505 GWh to 9.440 GWh).
Sectors with higher increase value in 2010 (both for installed
capacity and for energy supplied): biogasses deriving from animal
droppings or agricultural and forestry activities and bioliquids
composed by raw plant oils.
Source: GSE Statistical Report, 2011
In the last 10 years, installed power capacity from bioenergies
has grown steadily by 13% every year (from 685 in 2000 to 2.352 MW
in 2010).
As for the number of plants, it registered a sharp growth last
year, soaring from 419 to 669 in 2010.
Bioenergy plants in Italy: installed power capacity and number
evolution (2000-2010, MW)
Source: GSE Statistical Report, 2011
Bioenergy: growth over the past decade
Number of plants
Installed power capacity
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Bioenergy: leaderships in Europe and in Italy Power production
from bioenergies in the EU(15) in 2010 amounted to 109.066 GWh.
Germany is the leader and represents almost one third of the total
European production. Italy produces 9% and has the 4 position in
Europe.
Lombardy and Emilia Romagna are the two leader regions in Italy,
respectively with 24,1% and 13,5% of plants and installed capacity.
Local specializations: Municipal waste in Lombardy; biomasses in
Calabria, Friuli Venezia Giulia and Sardinia; bioliquids in Apulia
(1 region) and Campania (3 region).
Power production from bioenergies in the EU (15) in 2010
Regional distribution of installed capacity from bioenergies
(2010)
Germany 31%
UK 11%
Finland 10%Italy 9%
Sweden 8%
Austria 7%
Netherlands 6%
Denmark 4%
France 4%
OTHERS 10%
Italys installed power capacity from bioenergies: 2.352 MW
(itemised by installed capacity percentage rank)
Source: GSE Statistical Report, 2011
Business Opportunities
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1
Renewable Energies: Business opportunities
The investments made by corporate and local
academic/technological communities have produced a great number of
innovative start-up / spin-off companies with concrete portfolio of
cutting-edge eco-technologies projects in the following niche
segments:
Energy efficiency Sustainable development Sustainable Transport
Waste cycle Conservation
Many of these companies are currently investigating new
technical, industrial and financial opportunities, through research
of partners, with the aim to upgrade their business potential in
Italy. As reference point for foreign investors, Invitalia plays a
key role in conveying investment opportunities to the business
community and facilitating strategic contacts with local partners.
The company profile and the relative projects whose detalied
disclosure has been authorized are attached to this document.
Investments into eco-technologies
1
List of the business proposals - 1 No COMPANY KEY SECTORS MAIN
APPLICATIONS KEY PRODUCTS / STAGE REVENUES EXPECTED IN 2011 (k)
FINANCIAL NEEDS (USD)
1 ANGELANTONI Renweable Energy, Energy Efficiency
Photovoltaic CdTe, mono and & polycristalline
silicon Ready to the market 25'205 13 million
2 SOLAR BUILDINGS S.R.L (TOLO GREEN) Renewable Energy
Sources,
Energy Efficiency polycrystalline silicon Under development 0 50
million
3 COLOMBUS SUPERCONDUCTORS S.P.A
Renewable Energies sources, Energy efficiency, Energy grid &
smart grids
Generators, Power cables, Fault current
limiters, magnetic energy storage, medical MRI
Ready to market, Under development 2'000 28 million
4 ENERGIFERA S.R.L Renewable Energies
sources, Energy efficiency, Energy grid & smart grids
Hybrid electrification of isolated remote areas
with water purification, Energy efficiency in
public buildings
Commercialized, Ready for market 7'881 14 million
5 VENETO NANOTECH S.C.P.A
Renewable energies, Environment Management
, Energy efficiency, eco-agriculture, energy grids &
smart grids
Materials, manufacturing, energy, environment,
clothing, safety/nanotox
Under development, Ready to market, to
develop in the next time 2'245 15 million
6 GENPORT S.R.L Renewable energies sources
Military, electro medical, telecom, nautical,
camper, exploration, unmanned systems
Under development, Ready to market, to
develop in the next time 0,3 7 million
7 MINTEOS S.R.L Energy Efficiency,
environment Management, Eco-agriculture
Smart Energy, agrisense, contamination alert, oil & Gas
suite, air monitoring,
sewage
Under development, Ready to market, to
develop in the next time 2'400 7 million
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1
List of the business proposals - 2
No COMPANY KEY SECTORS MAIN APPLICATIONS KEY PRODUCTS / STAGE
REVENUES
EXPECTED IN 2011 (k)
FINANCIAL NEEDS (USD)
8 NANTO PROTECTIVE COATING Renewable Energies
sources
transports, trains, public lightinh, cranes, liftings,
tugs, boats, ships, barges, led lighting
Ready to market, Under development 1'000 7 million
9 KITENERGY S.R.L Renewable Energies sources Electricity
generation, wind farm applications
Under development, to develop in the next time 0 7 million
10 EUROPLAST S.R.L Environment
Management, Energy Efficiency
building line Ready to market, to develop in the next time 4'200
4-6 million
11 CHISMATECH S.R.L Energy Efficiency Marine, Automotive,
Rail, Aircraft/Aerospace, Construction
Ready for qualification 132 4 million
12 MONTALBANO TECHNOLOGY S.P.A
Energy Efficiency, Environment
Management, Eco-Agriculture
Cold Chain Monitoring, predictive diagnostics,
waste reduction in heating plants
Ready to market, Ready to market, Under
develoment 1'500 3,5 million
13 INGENIA S.R.L Energy efficiency n.a Under development, Ready
to market, to
develop in the next time 744 3 million
14 SCRIBA NANOTECHNOLOGY S.R.L
Sustainable Mobility & Biofuels, Environment
management, Eco-Agriculture
Security, brand protection, quality
inssurance, traceability in agro-food products
Ready to market 0 2 million
1
List of the business proposals - 3
No COMPANY KEY SECTORS MAIN APPLICATIONS KEY PRODUCTS / STAGE
REVENUES EXPECTED IN 2011 (k) FINANCIAL NEEDS
(USD)
15 TURF EUROPE S.R.L Environment Management, Eco-Agriculture
Sports turf, ornamental turf, environmental management, bio-
architecture
Under development 140 1,5 million
16 EGT - EASY GREEN TECHNOLOGY S.R.L Energy efficiency,
environment Management Residential Ready to market 722 0,5
million
17 GLAXY S.R.L Renewable Energies sources, Energy Efficiency
power generation, heat process generation,
industrial steam generation, desalination,
solar cooling
Under development, Ready to market 0 0,5 million
18 ORGANIC SPINTRONICS S.R.L
Renewable enery sources, Sustainable mobility &
Biofuels
Photovoltaics, Flexible displays, hard and ultra
hard coatings
On the market, under development, fully
developed, to develop in the next time
1'500 3,5 - 5 million
19 SIENA SOLAR NANOTECH S.P.A Renewable Energies
sources
deposition of absorber/buffer layer thin film, deposition of
transparent conductive
oxides thin film
Under development, To be developed on demand 641 3,5 million
20 SPRIN S.P.A Energy efficiency,
Sustainable mobility & Biofuels
Immobilised enzymes for industrial application (including
biodiesel)
Ready to market 100 1,5 million
21 DYERS S.R.L Renewable Energies sources
Photovoltaic devices, building integrated
Photovoltaics, Portable and flexible PV
technology for electronic products
Under development, Ready to market, on the
market 113 1,3 million
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List of the business proposals - 4
o CO PANY EY SECTORS AIN APPLICATIONS EY PROD CTS STA E REEN
ES
EPECTED IN
INANCIAL NEEDS SD
22 TESS TI CERA IATI S.R.L Energy Efficiency,
Environment anagement
Upholstery fabrics for home and community,
indoor and outdoor awnings, sanitary fabrics
Under submission 0,2 1 million
23 ARCHE PANNELLI S.R.L Energy efficiency,
sustainable mobility & Biofuels
roofs and claddings, city car and campers,
refrigerators, interiors design
Under development, Ready to market, to
develop in the next time 0 0, million
24 A RINE TECH LTD Eco-gricutlure Sustainable agriculture,
composting, plant disease management
Ready to market, to develop in the next time 0, 0,4 million
25 N ILA S.A.S Environment anagement
agriculture, radar calibration, water
management
Under development, Ready to market, to
develop in the next time na from 0,3 million
26 ATE ENER IA S.R.L Renewable Energies sources Power plants
Under evelopment 40 to be discussed
2 IO SEARCH A IENTE S.R.L
Renewable energies sources, Energy
Efficiency, Sustainable mobility & Biofuels,
Environment anagement
research carried out in environmental
microbiology laboratory, sustainable low cost,
low cost environmental impact
Under development, Ready to market,
already to the market 0, 3,5million
2 REENISION A IENTE SPA Renewable Energies
sources, Environment anagement
ogeneration plant, composting system Ready to market 9'202 400
million
Gateway to Italy: One Stop Shop for Foreign Investors
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Invitalia, the National Agency for Investment Promotion and
Enterprise Development, operates on behalf of the Italian
Government. Its aims are increasing the countrys competitiveness,
especially in the Southern regions and supporting strategic sectors
for development.
Invitalia mission
Pre-Investment Information
Business Set-Up Support
Financial Support Packages
Location Scouting & Site Visits Incentives Schemes and
Financial Modeling
Partner Search Company Set-up
Recruiting and visa support Relations Management with National
and Local Authorities
Red Tape troubleshooting
Business Environment Legal & Tax System
Incentives Vertical Market Analysis
Living & Working Environment Labor Law
Project Feasibility
Law 181/89 Development Contract
Tourism, Logistics, Life Sciences, ICT, Renewable Energies
Sector-related Business
Opportunities
Business Advisory & Financial Support
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Preliminary information to understand the overall quality and
cost of doing business in Italy: Market and business environment:
regional and national data; Aspects of tax system, legal system,
fiscal system, labor market; Incentives programmes framework;
Living and working environment: overview on national education
system, research and development, availability of professional know
how; Project feasibility: evaluation of the business idea on
technical, financial and market feasibility, bureaucratic
procedures.
Comprehensive assistance throughout the set-up process, ranging
from incorporation to partner search, from real estate and location
scouting to labor selection and recruitment:
Location scouting & site visit; Incentives schemes and
financial modelling; Company set-up; Human Resources recruitment;
Liaison Office with Public Administration and local
authorities.
Our Services: Pre-investment and Business set-up information
Financial Support Packages for Investors
Invitalia manages a set of Financial Support packages, under
mandate of the Ministry of Economic Development, which are
applicable to given industries and designated Italian regions:
Development Contract; Law 181/89.
For such incentive programme, Invitalia exclusively manages and
assesses all business applications to access the Financial Package,
likewise defines project viability, manages aid disbursement and
executes project monitoring.
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A Development Contract is an agreement between the Ministry of
Economic Development, Invitalia and one or more companies involved
with a view to implementing development projects in: industrial
sector (a minimum of 30 mln eligible expenditures) tourism sector
(a minimum of 22.5 mln eligible expenditures) commercial sector (a
minimum of 30 mln eligible expenditures) The following programmes
are eligible for incentives: setting-up of new production unit;
expansion of existing production unit; diversification of the
output of an production unit into new additional products;
fundamental change in the overall production process of an existing
production unit. Subsidised companies have to contribute to the
project with the 25% of the investment required. Incentives are
provided in the form of cash grants or soft loans as well as
combinations of the two forms; the awarded percentage depends on
the companys requirements.
Development Contract
Eligible projects: set up of new plants or for the expansion,
modernization, restructuring, conversion, reactivation and
relocation of production plant leading to the creation of new jobs.
Beneficiaries: company of all sizes operating in the mining,
manufacturing, power generation and service industries (with the
exclusion of activities associated with the steel and coal
industry). Incentives: the subsidies consist of grants covering up
to 25% of eligible costs of the entire investment project in
central and northern Italy and up to 40% in the South; grants and
subsidised financing are awarded on the condition that Invitalia
acquires a temporary minority stake in the beneficiary company,
which can be repurchased over a period of five years. Subsidised
companies have to contribute to the project with the 30% of the
investment required; the incentives are calculated on the basis of
eligible investment costs.
Law 181/89
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A purpose-built network dedicated to bringing foreign business
to Italy
Invitalia Business
Network
Regions and local
IPAs
Institutional Partnership
Provide opportunities to exchange information and know-how
Organize qualified projects targeting the domestic and
international business
communities
Italian Diplomatic network Italian Trade Commission
Confindustria Foreign Italian Chamber of
Commerce Foreign institutions
One stop shop
INVITALIA
Define investment packages Promote business opportunities
Provide with investors tailored made services and facilitate the
implantation process
Giuseppe Arcucci Inward Investment Director Invitalia Agenzia
nazionale per lattrazione degli investimenti e lo sviluppo dimpresa
SpA Via Calabria, 46 00187 Roma [email protected]
www.invitalia.it
Contact
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21
Lighting for the 21st Century
Davies
( UK Trade and Investment)
Global Strategy & Technology Adviser,
UK Trade and Investment, UK
-
Lighting for the 21st Century
John K Davies Global Strategy and Technology Adviser
Taipei April 2012
Applied Research through Development to International
Commercialisation
University Research (170)
British Council
Research Councils (RC-UK)
Dept Innovation Universities and Skills
Technology Strategy Programme Knowledge Transfer Networks
Innovation Platforms
Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform
Collaborative R&D Programme
Regional Trade and Investment Teams
Foreign & Commonwealth Office Science & Innovation
Network
UKTI R&D Programme
UK ICT Marketing Board
UK Trade & Investment
Trade Associations Special Interest Groups
Intellect, MBO, MDA, DTG
Mobile VCE
Communications Research Network
OFCOM
Overseas Commercial Networks
Indu
stry
Sub
Sec
tors
UK
CA
PA
BIL
ITY
Inte
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iona
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OP
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RTU
NIT
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A UK National Picture
Venture Capitalists
Business Angels
Technology SMEs Mid Corps Large Multi-Nationals
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The UK as a Centre for Research
Technology Clusters of excellence:
Silicon Fen East of England & Cambridge
Silicon Glen Scotland Oxford ISIS M4 Corridor Digital Yorkshire
North England South Wales Northern Ireland
IBM Research Centre Hursley British Telecom (BT) Adastral Park
Microsoft Research Centre Cambridge Qinetiq (Commercial and
Defence) Cambridge Network Knowledge Transfer Networks (KTNs) Roke
Manor Research
How do we do it?
UK Technology Strategy Programme Technology Strategy Board to
identify new and emerging technologies critical to
economic growth 2005~2012 R&D grants totalling > $1bn
Delivery through Collaborative R&D and Knowledge Transfer
Networks Key Technology Areas:
High value manufacturing Advanced materials Nanotechnology
Bioscience Electronics, photonics and electrical systems
Information and communication technology
The Technology Strategy Board innovation platforms are:
Intelligent Transport Systems and Services Network Security Low
Carbon Vehicles Assisted Living Low Impact Buildings Detection and
Identification of Infectious Agents
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The Technology Strategy Board
Support/define The Innovation Climate Build networks within
communities with similar skills or goals, where knowledge about
needs and capabilities can be exchanged Knowledge Transfer Networks
(KTNs) Use the stories of projects we support to inspire others
Support the exchange of knowledge at the individual level Knowledge
Transfer Partnerships (KTPs)
UK Thinking INNOVATION, COLLABORATION, GLOBALLY
Knowledge Transfer Networks KTN Web Address
Aerospace and Defence www.aeroktn.co.uk
Biosciences www.biosciencektn.com
Chemistry Innovation www.chemistryinnovation.co.uk
Creative Industries www.citin.org CyberSecurity
www.cybersecurity-ktn.com
Digital Communications www.dcktn.org.uk
Electronics www.electronics-ktn.com
Environmental Sustainability www.esktn.org.uk
Grid Computing Now! www.gridcomputingnow.org
HealthTech & Medicines www.healthtechktn.com
Industrial Mathematics www.industrialmaths.net
Intelligent Transport systems
www.its-ktn.org.uk
Location and Timing www.locationktn.com
Low Carbon www.lowcarbonfuelcellktn.org.uk Materials
www.materialsktn.net
Micro and Nanotechnology www.nanotechnologyktn.com
Modern Built Environment www.mbektn.co.uk
Photonics & Plastic Electronics
www.photonicsktn.org
Sensors and Instrumentation
www.sensorsktn.com
Energy Generation & Supply
http://ktn.innovateuk.org/web/energy-generation-and-supply2
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Top Three Major World Problems
Climate change Energy Drinkable Water
GaN LEDs can help solve all three top problems
US DoE Report
By 2025 Solid-State Lighting could reduce the global amount of
electricity used for lighting by 50%
No other consumer of electricity has such a large energy-savings
potential
In the US alone 133 power stations could be closed (1000 MW
each)
Eliminate 255 metric tons of CO2 Save $115 billion of
electricity costs
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Numbers of light bulbs
The average house has: 45 light bulbs in the USA 30 light bulbs
in Canada 25 light bulbs in the UK
Average use 4 hours/day If 50 Watt incandescent Average UK house
uses 25x4x50 = 5 kWh electricity per day for lighting
The Need Super-Efficient Lighting
Inorganic LEDs
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Light emitting diodes
Made from solids that emit light
LEDs last 100,000 hours
Light bulbs last 1,000 hours
LEDs fail by slow intensity decrease
Light bulbs fail totally and suddenly
Red LEDs for Rear Bicycle Light
Efficacy of: Light Bulbs = 15 lm/W Red Light Bulbs = 4 lm/W Red
LEDs = 100 lm/W
Batteries last 25 times as long
LEDs last 100 times longer than bulbs
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Why is Gallium Nitride such an ..Exciting Material?
LEDs of all Colours
Made possible by new designed material gallium nitride (GaN)
InN GaN AlN Bandgap 0.7eV 3.4eV 6.2eV Light IR Near-UV Deep-UV
Inx Ga1-x N. Vary x. Get light of any colour Strong atomic
bonds
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The Potential of LED Lighting
Electricity generation is the main source of energy-related
greenhouse gas emissions
Lighting uses one-fifth of its output LEDs are poised to reduce
this figure by at least 50% Lighting will then use 10% CO2
emissions in 5 years time Save >15% CO2 emissions in 10 years
time
Efficiency of a Tungsten Light Bulb
5% 95% lost as heat stays near the ceiling Light bulbs are 95%
inefficient 79% of global lamp sales by volume
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Replacing incandescent light bulbs by compact fluorescent
lamps
27.09 2007: UK Government announced shops would stop
selling:
150 W bulbs by Jan 2008 100 W bulbs by Jan 2009 60 W bulbs by
Jan 2010 40 W bulbs by Dec 2011
Replacements for incandescent bulbs
White inorganic LEDs based on GaN Billions being sold (mobile
phone backlighting, interior
lighting in cars, buses, aircraft, etc) Not yet ready for
home/office lighting
White organic LEDs (OLEDs) No white OLED is commercially
available
Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) The only option today
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Introduction of CFLs
Angela Merkel lobbied by Osram Philips lobbied Netherlands PM
Angela Merkel, strongly supported by Netherlands PM,
unexpectedly pushed through banning incandescent lights bulbs in
EU from 2009 when she chaired the EU Summit meeting in March
2007
Gives huge market opportunity to Osram and Philips 5-year window
of opportunity before LEDs are ready. No hope of
selling CFLs after that UK rushed through ban on incandescent
light bulbs in September
2007 Would have been better to wait a few years for LEDs
Fluorescent tubes and Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs)
Slow turn-on time (improving) Poor colour rendering (improving)
Glassware not sparkle Each lamp contains 5 mg of Mercury 23 million
houses in UK. 25 bulbs/house 575 million light bulbs Widespread Hg
contamination in incinerators and landfill
sites
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CFLs: The Mercury Problem
Over 2 million grams of Hg in CFLs in UK houses if all light
bulbs replaced by CFLs
Packaging gives no warning of Hg UK government is providing no
special disposal facilities
(cf US States) Hg will end up in incinerators and landfill sites
One in 12 US women of child-bearing age have Hg in
their blood above the safe level
CFLs: The coating problem
Fluorescent tubes emit deep-UV Coated with phosphor: emits white
light Easy to coat long tube More difficult to coat CFLs Imported
CFLs recently found to be poorly coated Emit deep-UV: damages DNA,
can cause cancer, etc
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Efficiency of a fluorescent tube and a compact fluorescent lamp
(CFL)
25% for long tube (already replaced light bulbs in offices)
20% for compact fluorescent lamp (CFL)
CFLs are 80% inefficient and contain Hg CFLs ready now to
replace light bulbs Walmart sold 100 million CFLs in 2007
Lifetime of CFLs
6000-15000 hours continuous use
1000 hours if turned on and off every 5 minutes
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Global CO2 Emissions from Lighting
Lighting is one of the biggest causes of greenhouse gas
emissions
1,900 Megatonnes of CO2 emissions per year (from power stations
for lighting)
70% of the global CO2 emissions of all cars 3 times more than
emissions from aviation
(International Energy Agency Report, 2006)
Predicted Lighting Demand
In last 200 years annual consumption of artificial light per
person in UK increased 12,000 times
US consumes 30 times as much lighting per person than India 1.6
billion people have no access to electric light My projection:
global demand for lighting will be 300% higher by
2030 Will emit >2x emissions of all of todays cars Will emit
>9x emissions of all of todays aircraft
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LED Traffic Lights
EXAMPLES OF LED USES TODAY
The largest LED screen in the world, in Arkansas. A replay
screen with 2.5 million LEDs
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Fremont Street, Las Vegas 1500 feet long Largest LED display in
world picture continually changes Initial display contained 2.1
million filament light bulbs New display (2004) contains 12.5
million LEDs
LED Applications
Billions already used in: Displays Mobile phone backlighting
Flashlights Interior lighting in cars, aircraft, buses, etc Front
bike lights
New major markets since 2007: Backlighting for LCD screens (in
TVs, computers) External car lights: headlamps, daytime running
lights
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LEDs for Future Home and Office Lighting
Requirements for Home and Office Lighting
High efficiency
Excellent colour rendering
Long life
Low cost
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Efficiency of light sources
Incandescent light bulb = 5% (15 lm/W)
Fluorescent tube (long) = 25% (80 lm/W)
Fluorescent lamp (CFL) = 20% (60 lm/W)
White LEDs (350 mA) = 30% (100 lm/W)
White LEDs (target) = 60% (200 lm/W)
Sodium lamp (high P) = 40% (130 lm/W)
How to make solid-state white light:
Blue LED + yellow phosphor = cool white (now)
Blue LED + Y+R phosphors = warm white
Commercially available since 2007, less efficient
UV LED + RGB phosphors = best white (future)
R+G+Y+B LEDs = most efficient white (future)
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White light: Blue LED + yellow phosphor
Have now - front bike light - torches
Problem - cool white
- not good colour rendering
White light: UV or blue LEDs + RGB phosphors
Could have excellent colour rendering
natural lighting Natural skin tones Clothes, lipstick, etc.,
looks same colour inside as out Better for our health Need better
red phosphors Need to match LED wavelength to the excitation
wavelength of
the phosphor We are working on
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White light: Mix R+G+Y+B LEDs
Excellent colour rendering possible Colour tunability possible
without filters
Problem - Efficiency of G
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GaN LEDs on 150 mm (6-inch) Si
Cambridge has grown crack-free GaN on 150 mm Si wafers and blue
LED structures with an IQE of 58%
Easily the best in the world
Exploitation of Cambridge Research
Large TSB grant awarded to Cambridge plus 4 UK industries
(Aixtron Ltd, QinetiQ, RFMD UK, Forge Europa)
Bulk manufacture of LEDs in the UK planned at RFMD UK (was
Filtronic) in Newton Aycliffe, Durham
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Lack of Drinkable Water
Over half of the hospital beds in the world are occupied by
people with water related diseases (BMJ 2004)
Probably more people will die this century from the lack of
drinking water than from global warming
At least 10% of child mortality is directly related to poor
quality water
A Scientific Approach to Purifying Water
Need to destroy bacteria, viruses, mosquito larvae, etc., in
water Preferably without chemicals Earths atmosphere completely
blocks deep-UV radiation from the
Sun Biological organisms on Earth never developed a tolerance
for
deep-UV radiation
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Effects of Deep-UV Radiation
265 nm radiation damages nucleic acids in DNA, RNA Bacteria,
viruses, unicellular organisms, cannot reproduce Fungi, mosquito
larvae, etc., killed 265 nm radiation purifies water
Sources of Deep-UV Radiation
Mercury, xenon, deuterium lamps Demonstrated to purify water
BUT
Require high operating voltages Large size Main peak is at 254
nm, not 265nm Not very efficient Mercury not environmentally
friendly
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New Material
AlGaN Can make AlGaN LEDs tailored to emit 265 nm Low voltage 4
V Power by solar cells Ideal for fitting to water pipes at point of
use in
developing world (and developed world)
AlGaN LEDs for Water Purification
Emission at 265 nm achievable now BUT efficiency is much too low
for flowing water state-
of-the-art is
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Home Lighting in the Developing World
White LED + solar cell + battery = $20 Still too expensive, but
cost reducing No electricity costs Light to study when it is dark
Light to work when it is dark Help people get out of poverty
Energy/CO2 savings in the UK from Solid State Lighting
Potential savings of 1.7 B in annual energy costs
Could close 8 large power plants
Potential reduction in CO2 emissions of 31 million tons
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Energy and Carbon Conclusions
Efficiency. Good progress. What is limiting? Quality of light.
Good progress. Lifetime. Problem solved. 100,000 hours with
good
packaging. 60 years of household use Cost. Good progress. Can we
get really efficient GaN
LEDs on 6-inch Si? Looking good to have GaN LEDs in our homes
and
offices in 5-10 years time, save 10% CO2 and 10% electricity
consumption
15% savings in 10-15 years
The next 5-20 years
LED lighting will probably be the dominant form of lighting in:
Homes Offices Cities Transport
Throughout the world Deep-UV LEDs will be used for water
purification
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The Future
4V circuit for lighting - ultra-safe and cheap
Power by solar cells-batteries
Last 10 years continuously
Last 60 years at 4 hours per day
Reduce CO2 emission by 10% world-wide
Reduce by 15% in ten years time
Never change a light bulb!
THANK YOU
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