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kµ¿ -ß-fn¬ A`n-hr-≤n-bpsS am¿

§-Øn-ep-≈-bmƒ Abm-fpsS hnizm-

k-Øns‚ _ew sIm≠pw ssZh-hp-

ambn Abmƒ°p≈ ]tXy-I-amb

_‘-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw

A¤p-X-I-c-amb coXn-bn¬ klm-bn-

°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ssZh-

Øns‚ kvt\lw hnkva-b-I-c-amb

coXn-bn¬ Ah\n-se-Øp-∂p. AXv

Imc-W-ambn CØcw cl-ky-ß-

fn¬ PmK-X-bp≈ Abm-fpsS lr

Zbw Abm-f-dn-bm-sX-Xs∂ ssZh-k-

lmbw e`n-°p-∂-bm-fm-sW∂v km

£yw hln-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

A©v: A`n-hr-≤n-bpsS am¿§-

Øn¬ ]m¿∞n-°p-∂-bmƒ Znhym-\p-

K-l-ß-fpsS kzoI¿Øm-hm-bn-

cn°pw. k¿∆-i-‡-\mb ssZhw

Abm-fpsS F√m Imcy-Ønepw

kwc-£-I-\m-bn -cn -°pw. ssZh-

Øns‚ kvt\l-]-Im-ihpw ssZh-

kzo-Im-cy-XbpsS AS-bm-fhpw B

flo-b-l¿jhpw A\p-K-l-ßfpw

Abm-fpsS apJ-ß-fn¬ ]I-S-am-°n-

s°m≠v C]-Imcw hnfn®v ]d-bp-∂-

Xv t]mse bmbn-cn-°mw. "Ah-cpsS

apJ-ß-fn¬ kpJm-\p-`q-Xn-bqsS

]k-∂X \o I-≠n-cn°pw' (83:25).

]d-bpI: Xo¿®-bmbpw A√m-lp-

hns‚ anX-߃ Ah¿°v Hcp

`bhpw D≠m-bn-cn -°p-I-bn-√.

Ah¿ hyk-\n-°p-I--bp-an-√. (10:63).

(X-kvZo-°≥ \_n 43-˛45)

(The Essence of Islam - P-161)

Da¿(-d) \nth-Z\w Xncp-ta-\n(-k) Cßns\ Acp-fp-∂Xv

Rm≥ tI´p: a¿b-ans‚ ]pXs\ In-kvXym-\n-Iƒ AXn-

cp-I-S∂p ]iw-kn-°p-t]mse Fs∂ \n߃ ]iw-kn-

°-cp-Xv. Rm≥ A√m-lp-hns‚ Zmk≥ am-X-am-Ip-∂p.

AXp-sIm≠v Fs∂-°p-dn®v A√m-lp-hns‚ Zmk≥.

Ahs‚ ZqX≥ Fs∂√mw ]d-™p-sIm-≈p-I.

(_p-Jm-cn)

apJ-kvXpXn

439

8 kXyZqX≥

Ckvemw _em¬°m-c-Øn

s‚ aX-am-sW∂v AapkvenwIƒ

]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ hkvXp-X-sb-¥mWv?

Ch¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv ss_km‚nbw

cmPm-hn\v Jp¿-Bs‚ Iev]-\-I-sf-

°p-dn®v hnh-c-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂m

Wv. F∂m¬, Jp¿-B≥ F¥mWv

]d--bp-∂-sX∂p t\m°p-I. A√mlp

]d-bp∂p:

A√m-lp, \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-

sb-s°m≠v hnfw-_cw sNøn-®p.

temI-tØmSp ]d-bp-I, Ckvemw

kXy-am-Wv. AXv \nß-fpsS c£n-

Xm-hn¬ \n∂pf-f-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm

≠v GsXm-cmƒ Dt±-in-°p-∂p thm

Ah≥ hniz-kn-°-s´. GsXm-cmƒ

Dt±-in-°p-∂pthm Ah≥ Ahn-iz-

kn-°-s´. (18:30) ImcWw Zo\n-"aX'

Im-cy-ß-fn¬ _e-]-tbmKw ]mSn√.

ho≠pw A√mlp hnip≤ -Jp¿-

B-\n¬ ]d-bp∂p:

]hm-N-I-tc, Xm¶ƒ P\-ß-

tfmSp ]d-bp-I. a\p-jy-tc, \nß-fp

sS c£n-Xm-hn¬ \n∂v \n߃°v

kXyw h∂p-In-´n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-

\m¬ Bsc-¶nepw t\¿am¿§w ]m

]n-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ Ah≥ Xs‚

KpW-Øn-\p-t-h-≠n-Ø-s∂-bmWv

t]m∏ns‚ Ckvemw hna¿i-\-Ønse A\u-Nn-Xy-߃ (XpS¿®)

dkq¬ Xncp-ta-\n(-k)bpsS PohnXw Xs∂ aX-k-ln-jvWp-X-bp-tSbpw

kulm¿±-Øn-t‚bpw D÷z-e am-Xr-I-I-fm-Wv.

Jeo- -Øp¬ akolv V

t\¿am¿§w ]m]n-°p-∂-Xv. h√-

h\pw hgn-sX-‰n-t∏m-Ip-∂-]£w

X\n°v tZmj-I-c-am-bn-´p-X-s∂-bm-

Wv Ah≥ hgn sX‰n-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xv.

Rm≥ \nß-fpsS ta¬ Imcy-\n¿hm-

l-I-\√ (10:109)

CXv \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n ]m

h¿Øn-I-am°n ImWn-°p-Ibpw sN

bvXp. A≥km-dp-Iƒ X߃°p

P\n® Ip´n-Isf Ah-cpsS P\-\-k-

a-bØv blq-Zn-I-fmb _\p-\-ko¿

tKmX-°m¿°v hf¿Øp-hm≥ sIm

Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. _\p \ko¿ tKmXw

Nne Ip‰w sNbvX ImcW-Øm¬

\mSp-I-S-Ø-s∏-´p. At∏mƒ A≥

km-dp-Iƒ Xß-fpsS a°sf Xncn®p

tNmZn-®p. \_n(-k) ]d™p: AXv

]mSn-√. \n߃ sImSp-Ø-Xv, sImSp-

Ø-Xp-Xs∂. Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈

_em¬°m-chpw ]mSn-√. Ah¿

Ah-cp-sS-b-Sp-Øp-Xs∂ Xma-kn

°pw. CXm-bn-cp∂p Ahn-SsØ

A≤ym-]-\w. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ Ahn-

SsØ A\p-bm-bn-I-fpw Jeo-^-

amcpw AXv a\- n-em°n ]h¿Øn-

®n-cp∂p.

lkvdØv Da¿(-d)s‚ Hc-Sna

kzbw ]d-bp∂p: apkvenam-Im≥

lZvdØv Da¿ ]e ]mhiyw F

t∂mSp ]d-™p. ]t£, Rm≥

\ntj-[n-°p-tºmƒ Ahn-S∂v ]d-

bpw, icn-X-s∂. Ckveman¬ _e-

]-tbm-K-an-√. Ahn-SsØ ac-W-k-

abw ASp-Øp-h-∂-t∏mƒ, Rm≥

\ns∂ kzX-¥-\m-°p-∂p-sh∂v

Da¿ Xs‚ ASn-a-tbmSp ]d-™p.

\n\-°n-jvS-ap-≈-S-tØ°v t]mImw.

Ckvemanse aX-kzm-X-¥y-Øns‚

]mT-an-Xm-Wv. ]h¿Ø\w CXm-Wv.

ASn-a-bpsS ta¬t]mepw _ew

]tbm-Kn-®n-√. t]m∏v kmln_v ]d-

bp-∂Xv AI-ahpw _em¬°m-chpw

sNøm≥ Ckvemw Iev]n-°p-∂p-sh-

∂mWv.

Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv,

]hm-N-I-tc, KŸw \evI-s∏-

´-h-tcmSpw \nc-£-c-tcmSpw (_-lp-

ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-tcm-Spw) \n߃ Ckv

emw kzoI-cn-°p-∂pthm F∂p tNm

Zn-°p-I. Ah¿ A\p-k-cn-°p-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬, Ckvemw kzoI-cn-°p-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ Ah¿ t\¿am¿§w ]m]n-

®p. C\n Ah¿ ]n¥n-cn™p If-

bp-∂-Xm-bm¬ FØn-°pI F∂Xp

amX-amWv \n\-°p≈ _m[y-X.

A√mlp (-X-s‚) Zmk-∑m-cpsS

440

92006 \hw-_¿

ÿnXn-K-Xn-Iƒ \√-t]mse I≠p-

sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-h-\m-Wv. (3:21). A

Xm-b-Xv, Bsc ]nSn-Iq-S-W-sa∂pw

Bsc in£n-°-Wsa∂pw Fßs\

s]cp-am-d-W-sa-∂p-sams° t\mt°-

≠Xv A√m-lp-hns‚ tPmen-bm-Wv.

Rmt\m-Xnb Ah-km-\sØ hN\w

a°m-hn-P-b-Øn-\p-tijw Ah-X-cn-

®-Xm-Wv. A∂v i‡nbpw ]Xm-

]hpw Ckveman\v ssIh∂n-cp-∂p.

Bt£]w D∂-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw

hn-th-I-tØmSpw \oXn-tbm-Spw-IqSn

Imcy-߃ hni-Ie\w sNøp-I-

bmWv th≠-Xv.

_e-]-tbmKw \S-Øn-sb∂v

]d-bp-∂-Xn\v Hcp-Zm-l-cWw t]mepw

Ckveman¬ In-´p-I-bn-√. \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta\n _e-]-tbmKw \S-Øn-

sb∂ Bt£]w D∂-bn-°m\pw

Im]-Sy-tØmsS Bsc-¶nepw Ckv

emw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mepw Ahn-

S∂v kln-®n-cp-∂n-√. Hcp \nth-Z-\-

Øn¬ h∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ahn-izm-kn-

bmb Hcp XS-hp-Im-c≥ lmP-cm-°-

s∏-´p. Xs∂ F¥n-\mWv XS-hn-em-

°n-b-Xv? Xm≥ apk¬am\m sW∂v

Abmƒ ]d-™p. Ahn-Sp∂v ]d-

™p. Aß-s\-b-√, \o BZysa

Ckvemw kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

AXv t\cm-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ

Xm¶ƒ bp≤-Ø-S-hp-Im-c-\m-Wv. kz

X-¥-\m-Ip-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv ap

kvenam-Ip-∂-Xv. \n¿_-‘n®v At±

lsØs°m≠v Ckvemw kzo-I-cn-∏n-

°m≥ Ahn-Sp∂v CjvS-s∏-´n -√.

F∂-√, Ahn-Sp∂v BK-ln-®n-cp-

∂Xv lrZbw A√m-lp-hns‚ k∂n-

[n-bn¬ ka¿∏n-°m-\m-Wv. ]n∂oSv

B XS-hp-Im-cs\ tamNn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

Ckveman¬ bp≤w sNøm≥

Iev]-\-bp-≠v. AXv iXp bp≤w

XpS-cp-∂-Xp-hsc amX-am-Wv. As√-

¶n¬ Acm-P-IXzw C√m-Xm-Ip-∂-Xp-

h-sc-bm-Wv. Ahÿ km[m-cW

\nebn-em-hp-Ibpw, Ipg∏w Ah-km-

\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ ]ns∂ \n

߃°v bp≤w sNøm≥ Ah-Im-i-

an-√. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ A√mlp

]d-bp∂p:

A√tbm apkvenwI-tf, \nß-

tfmSp bp≤w sNøp-∂-h-tcmSv \nß

fpw bp≤w sNøpI; ^nXv\ C√m-

Xm-Ip-Ibpw aXw (kzo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv)

A√m-lp-hn-\p-th-≠n-bp-≈-Xm-hp-I

bpw sNøp-∂-Xp-hsc. F∂m¬, A

h¿ hnc-an-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, AI-

an-I-f-√m-Ø-h-cp-sS-ta¬ Hcp ssI

tø‰w hnln-X-a-√. (2:194)

\nß-tfmSp bp≤w sNøp∂

kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-tfmSp nXv\ C√m-

Xm-Ip-∂-Xp-hsc \nßfpw bp≤w

sNøm≥ A√mlp ]d-bp-∂p. CXn

s\ hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v Hcn-SØv

]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. C_v\p Da¿(-d)

]d-bp∂p: Rm≥ Cu Iev]\ ]m

h¿Øn-I-am-°n-b-Xn-ß-s\-bm-Wv.

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ImeØv

apkvenwIƒ hfsc Ipd-hm-bn-cp-∂-

t∏mƒ, Ckvemw hniz-kn-°p-∂-bm

sf aX-Øns‚ t]cn¬ kXy-\n-tj-

[n-Iƒ ]oUn-∏n-®n-cp∂p. Nnesc

sIm√p-Ibpw Nnesc XS-hn-em-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. apkvenwI-fpsS

FÆw s]cp-Ip-Ibpw i‡n IqSp-

Ibpw ]pXp-hn-izm-kn-Isf Hcp ^n

Xv\bpw _m[n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂-Xp-hsc R߃ bp≤w

sNbvXp. kXy-\n-tj-[n-I-fn¬ \n

∂p≈ nXv\ Ah-km-\n-®-tXmsS,

F√m Imcy-ßfpw Ah-km-\n-®p.

ho≠pw A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:

hniz-kn-®-h-tc, \n߃ \oXn

°p km£yw hln-°p-∂-h-cmbn

A√m-lp-hn\v th≠n \ne-sIm-≈p

I. Hcp kap-Zm-b-tØm-Sp≈ hn

tcm[w Ah-tcmSv \oXn-]m-en°mXn-

cn-°m≥ \nßsf t]cn-∏n-°m-Xn-cn-

°-s´. \n߃ \oXn ]men-°p-I.

AXv ssZh-`-‡n-bp-ambn G‰hpw

ASp-Ø-Xm-Wv. \n-߃ A√m-lp-

hns\ `b-s∏-Sp-I. Xo¿®-bmbpw

A√mlp \n߃ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-

Xn-s\-°p-dn®v kq£va-ambn Adn-hp-

≈-h-\m-Wv. (5:9)

Cu \oXn-bm-bn-cp∂p \_n

(k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-Im-e

Øv Hcp C≥Izn-em_v D≠m-°n-b-Xv.

AXn-\p-ti-jhpw Cu am‰w D≠m-

bn. klm_namcpsS PohnXw t\m

°p-Ibpw, ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw sN

øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, Ah-cn-ep-≠mb

am‰w _em¬°m-c-]q¿∆w aXw amdp-

∂-Xp-sIm≠v D≠m-Ip-I-bn-s√∂v

ImWmw. F∂m¬, lrZ-b-Øn¬ am

‰-ap-≠m-Ip-tºmgpw iXp-°ƒt]m

epw BIr-jvS-cmbn amdpw-hn-[-ap≈

s]cp-am‰w D≠m-Ip-tºm-gp-amWv B

Ahÿ hcp-∂-Xv.

a°m-hn-P-b-Øns‚ Ah-k-c-

Øn-ep-≠mb kw`hw t\m°p-I.

CIvcna Ckvemans‚ ITn-\-i-Xp-hm-

bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ \mSp-hn-t´m-Sn.

At±-l-Øns‚ `mcy At±-lsØ

Xncn-®p-sIm-≠p-h-cm≥, \_n(-k) Xn-

cp-ta-\n-tbmSv am∏n\v At]-£n-®p.

Ahn-Sp∂v am∏v \evIn. ]n∂oSv At±-

-l-Øn-ep-≠mb am‰w F¥m-bn-cp-

∂p? hmfns‚ i‡n-bm-ep-≠m-°m-

hp∂ am‰-am-bn-cp-∂n√ A-Xv. kvt\

l-Øn-eq-sS-b-√msX D≠m-°m≥

Ign-bmØ A`n-hr-≤n-bmWv At±-l-

Øns‚ hn-izm-k-Øn-ep-≠m-b-Xv.

Bflm¿∞-X-sIm≠v At±-l-Øn

s‚ lrZbw \nd-™p. AXv kvt\l-

Øn-eq-sS-b-√msX D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-

∂n-√. XymK-Øns‚ \ne Db¿∂p.

AXv lrZ-b-Øn\p am‰-ap-≠m-ImsX

h¿≤n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ckveman

s‚ A`n-am\w At±-l-Øn¬ Ae-

X-√n. AXv Ckveman-I-]m-Tw- a-\- n-

em-°msX km[y-am-bn -cp -∂n-√.

kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw CkvemanIm`n-

am-\-Øn-s‚bpw amXrI klm-_

Øv ImgvN-sh-®p. CkvemanI Ncn

Xw Cu kw -h-ß-fm¬ \nd-™p-In-

S-°p-∂p. Ah-cn¬ Hcm-sf-°p-dn-

®mWv Rm≥ ]d-™p-h-cp-∂-Xv.

CIvcn-a, F√m bp≤-ß-fnepw \_n

(k)-s°-Xn-cn¬ t]mcm-Sn. Ckveman

s\ D∑qe-\w sNøm≥ F√m coXn

bnepw ]b-Xv\n-®p. Ah-km\w

a°m-hn-P-b-ap-≠m--b-t∏mƒ \_n(-k)-

441

10 kXyZqX≥

bpsS ap-ºn¬ \nµy-\m-I-W-at√m

Ft∂m¿Øv a°-bn¬ \n∂v HmSn-

t∏m-bn. F∂m¬, At±lw apkven

am-bn-°-gn-™-t∏mƒ Bflm¿∞X

FX-amXw XpSn-®p-sh-∂p-sh-®m¬,

lZvdØv A_q-_-°-dns‚ Jnem-

^Øp ImeØv At±lw cmPy-tZm-

ln-Isf D∑q-e\w sNøm≥ Poh≥

]Wbw sh®v t]mcm-Sn. Acn-hmƒ

sIm≠v ]p√p-Iƒ Acn-™p-ho-gp-∂-

Xp-t]mse Bfp-Iƒ acn-®p-ho-Wp.

B ka-bØv CIvcna, Iq´p-Im-tc

bpw Iq´n iXp-hns‚ \Sp-hn-te°p

IpXn-®p-Nm-Sn. Nne-bm-fp-Iƒ At±-

lsØ XS-™n-cp-∂p. ]t£, CIv

cna AXw-Ko-I-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn-√.

emØbv°pw D bv°pw th≠n

Rm≥ apl-ΩZv (k)-s∂-Xnsc t]m

cm-Sn-b-h-\m-Wv. C∂v A√m-lp-hns‚

am¿§-Øn¬ t]mcm-Sp-∂-Xn¬ Rm≥

]n∂n-em-hp-I-bn-√. bp≤w Ign-™-

t∏mƒ, Ip¥hpw hmfpw sIm≠v

icocw apgp-h≥ apdn-hp-]-‰nb \ne-

bn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ PUw I≠p.

At±-l-Øns‚ kmº-ØnI XymK-

sØ--°p-dn®v ]d-bp∂p: K\o-a-Øp-ap-

X¬ In´p-tºmƒ CIvcna AXv Zm\w

sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Iøb®v sNe-h-

gn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. lrZ-b-Øn-ep-≠m-

Ip∂ am‰-am-Wn-Xv. hmfns‚ i‡n-

bm¬ Cu am‰w D≠m-Ip-I-bn-√.

_ew ]tbm-Kn®v Ckveman¬

Bsf tN¿Øn-cp∂p F∂ hna¿i-

I-cpsS Bt£]w If-hm-sW∂v

sXfn-bn-°p∂ [mcmfw kw -h-߃

sIm≠v NcnXw \nd-™p-In-S-°-∂p.

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS A≤ym-]-

\-sa-¥m-bn-cp-∂p? Nne kw`-h-߃

\mw I≠p-I-gn-™p.

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n ]d-bp∂p:

a≥J-Xe apB-ln-Z≥ ew bdlv

dmC-l-ج P∂Øn

hm°mtem ]hr-Øn-bmtem

D≈ DS-º-Sn-bpsS ^e-ambn Ckv

emanI`c-W-Øn≥ Iogn¬ ]th-in-

®p-I-gn-™n´p≈ Hcp Aapkven

ans\ h√ apkvenapw h[n-®m¬ Cl-

temI in£ IqSmsX ]c-tem-I

Øpw kz¿§-Øns‚ kp -K‘w

Ah≥ Bkz-Zn-°p-∂-X-√.

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS J-eo-

^-am-cpsS kº-Zmbw F¥m-bn-cp-

∂p? AapkvenwI-fn¬ \n∂v I¿i-

\-ambn Pnkvb ]ncn-s®-Sp-°p∂ Hcp

ÿeØv IqsS lZvdØv Da¿(-d)

t]mIp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp I≠-

t∏mƒ DSs\ At±lw AhnsS

\n∂p. F¥mWv ]iv\-sa∂v tZzjy-

tØmsS tNmZn-®p. Ch¿ Pnkvb

AS-°p -∂n -s√∂pw, X߃°v

AXn\v Ign-hn-s√∂v Ch¿ ]d-bp-

∂p-sh∂pw Adn-bn-®p. lZvdØv

Da¿(-d) ]d™p: Ah¿°v Ign-hn-

√m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v Ah-cp-sS-ta¬

`mcw Npa-Øm≥ Hcp Imc-W-hp-an-√.

Ahsc hn´-b°pI. "Bcm-tWm

Cl-tem-IØv P\ßsf _p≤n-ap-

´n-°p-∂Xv Ah≥ Jnbm-a-Øp-∂mƒ

A√m-lp-hns‚ in£-bv°n-c-bmIpw'

F∂v \_n(-k) ]d-™Xv Rm≥

tI´n -´p -≠v. Aßs\ Ah¿°v

Pnkvb am∏m-°-s∏-´p.

\_n(-k) Xn-cp-ta\n Xm°oXv

sNbvXp ]d™ Imc-W-Øm¬ lZv

dØv Da¿ (d) Aapkvenw ]P-Isf

]tXyIw Ku\n-®n-cp-∂p. AXns‚

^e-ambn ac-W-i-ø-bn¬ sh®v

Xs‚ tijw hcp∂ Jeo- -am-tcmSv

At±lw Cßs\ hkn-øØv sN

bvXn-cp-∂p. F\n-°p-tijw hcp∂

Jeo-^sb Rm\p-]-tZ-in-°p-I-bm-

Wv. CkvemanI `c-W-Øn≥Io-gn¬

Ign-bp∂ Aapkvenw ]P-I-tfmSp

hfsc arZp-hmbpw kvt\l-tØm-Sp-

Iq-Snbpw s]cp-am-td-≠-Xm-Wv. Ah-

tcmSv sNbvXn- p≈ Icm-dp-I-ƒ ]men-

°p-I. Ahsc kwc-£n-°p-I.

Ah¿°p th≠n Ah-cpsS iXp-°-

tfmSp bp≤w sNøp-I. Ah¿°v

hln-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ

IqSp-X¬ `mcw Ah-cp-sS-ta¬ Npa-

Ø-cp-Xv.

apkvenwIƒ _ew ]tbm-Kn-

°p-∂-h-cmbncps∂-¶n¬ Cu Ah

ÿ AhnsS Fß-s\-bm-Wp-≠m-

bXv? Jbv_dnse blq-Zn-I-tfmSp

\_n(-k) sNbvX DS-º-Sn-sb-°p-dn®v

t\m°p-I. aZo-\-bn¬ sN∂-t∏mƒ

Ah-cp-ambn sNbvX DS-º-Sn-bm-bn-

cp∂p AXv. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n

Ah-cpsS hnf-sh-Sp∏v ka-bØv

apkvenwI-fpsS Hm-lcn hmßp-∂-Xn-

\mbn lZvdØv A_vZp-√m-lp_v\p

dhm-l(-d)sb Ab-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-

∂p. Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bpsS \n¿t±-i-a-

\p-k-cn®v A_vZp-√mlv _n≥ dhm-

l(-d) hfsc arZp-e-ambn Ah-tcmSp

s]cp-am-dn-bn-cp-∂p. AsX-X-tØm-f-

sa-∂p-sh-®m¬, [m\yw c≠mbn ho

Xn-®v, GsXmcp `mK-amtWm CjvS-

s∏-Sp∂Xv AsX-Sp-Øp-sIm-≈m≥

blq-Zn-I-tfmSp ]dp-b-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Ah-sc-Sp-Ø-Xns‚ _m°n-bmWv

At±lw FSp-°m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

lZvdØv Da¿(-d) ZnΩn-Isf ]

tXyIw i≤n-°-W-sa∂v Xs‚

A\p-bm-bn-I-tfmSp ]d-bm-dp-≠m-bn-

cp-∂p. Fs¥¶nepw hnj-a-apt≠m

F∂v Ft∏mgpw Ah-tcmSv tNmZn-

°p-am-bn-cp-∂p.

ZnΩn-I-fpsS Hcp kwLw lZv

dØv Da¿ (d)s‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ lm

P-cm-°-s∏-´p. apkvenwI-fn¬ \n∂v

\n߃°v Fs¥-¶nepw _p-≤n-ap-

´pt≠m F∂mWv BZy-ambn lZv

dØv Da¿(-d) Ah-tcmSp tNmZn-®-Xv.

]Xn⁄m \n¿h-l-Whpw \√ s]

cp-am-‰-hp-a-√msX as‰m∂pw X߃

apkvenwI-fn¬ I≠n-´n-√∂v Ah¿

]d-™p.

imw Pbn-®-S-°n-b-t∏mƒ apkv

enwIƒ Ahn-sSsØ InkvXym-\n-

I-fn¬ \n∂v SmIvkv ]ncn-®p. Ipd-

®p-\mƒ°p-tijw ho≠pw tdmam-`-

c-W-Iq-S-Øn¬ \n∂pw bp≤- o-j-Wn-

bp-≠m-bn. At∏mƒ imanse Ckv

eman Aao¿ lZvdØv A_q-D-_-

bvZ(-d) ]ncn-s®-SpØ F√m SmIvkpw

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v Xncn-®p-\-evIn-

s°m≠p ]d-™p. bp≤w Imc-W-

Øm¬ \nß--tfm-Sp≈ ISa \nd-th-

442

112006 \hw-_¿

‰m≥ R߃°v km[n-°msX h∂n-

cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v Cu

SmIvkv ssIbn¬h-bv°pI. CXv

R߃°v A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√. In

kvXy-\nIƒ CXv I≠n´v apkvenw

Iƒ°p th≠n ]m¿∞n-°m≥ XpS-

ßn. Ah¿ ]d™p: tdmam-°m-cpsS

ta¬ hnPbw hcn-°m≥ ssZhw

\nßsf A--\p-K-ln-°p-am-dm-I-s´.

ho≠pw Cu cmPy-Øns‚ c-Wm-[n-

Im-cn-I-fm-bn-Øo-c-s´. CXm-bn-cp∂p

apkvenwI-fpsS \S-]-Sn. Aßs\

ho≠pw hnP-b-ap-≠mbn. apkvenw

Iƒ `c-W-Øn¬ h∂p. ho≠pw

SmIvkv hm-ßm≥ XpS-ßn.

CXn-\mtWm _e-]-tbmKw

F∂p ]d-bp∂Xv? \_n(-k) Xncp-

ta-\n-bpsS ]cn-ip≤ hy‡n-Xz-Øn-

\p-ta¬ Bt£]w D∂-bn-°p-∂-h¿

\oXn-tbm-Sp-IqSn t\m°p-Ibpw Ncn

Xw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ AapkvenwIƒ°pth≠n A

hn-Sp∂v FX-tØmfw thZ-\n-®n-cp-

∂p-sh∂v ImWm≥ Ign-bpw. Ckvem

an-te°v Ahsc £Wn-®Xv kvt\

l-tØmSpw im¥-X-tbmSpw IqSn-bm-

bn-cp-∂p. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\nbpw

Ahn-SpsØ klm-_n-amcpw Xß-

fpsS hnP-b-Øn-t‚bpw `c-W-Øn-

t‚bpw ImeØpw AapkvenwI-

fpsS Imcy-߃ Hcp-]mSv i≤n-®n-

cp-∂p-sh∂v Hcp \nth-Z-\-Øn¬

h∂nc-n -°p-∂p. aZo-\-bn¬ Hcp

blqZn sNdp-∏-°m-c\v AkpJw

]nSn-s∏-´p. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n

AXdn-™-t∏mƒ Ahs\ ImWm≥

t]mbn. Ahs‚ ]cn-Xm-]-I-c-amb

Ahÿ I≠n v Ahn-Sp∂v Ah-s\

-Ckveman-te°v £Wn-®p. \_n

(k)s‚ hm°p-I-fn¬ Ah≥ X¬]-

c-\m-bn. B ka-bØv Xs‚ ASpØv

Ahs‚ ]nXmhv \n¬]p≠-mbn-cp-

∂p. Hcp tNmZyw F∂ cq]-Øn¬

Ah≥ Xs‚ ]nXm-hn-s\-t\m-°n. \o

kzoI-cn-°p-s∂-¶n¬ kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-

≈pI F∂v ]nXmhv ]d-™p.

Ah≥ Iena sNm√n apkvenambn.

AXn¬ \_n (k) Xncp-ta\n hfsc

kt¥m-jn-®p, ]d-™p: A√m-lp-

hns‚ Hcm-flmhv A·n-bpsS hgn-

bn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏´p.

Rm≥ hnh-cn® Jp¿-B-\nI

]mT-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw \_n(-k) Xncp-

ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-am-Xr-I-bn¬

\n∂pw AXn-Iaw ImWn®p F∂v

Ch¿ D∂-bn-°p∂ Btcm-]-W-

Øns‚ bmYm¿∞yw F¥m-sW∂v

hy‡-am-bn. Ckvemw hmfns‚

i‡n-bm-emtWm ]c-∂-sX∂v ]I-

S-am-bn. kvs]bn-\n¬ Ch¿ ImWn®

]h¿Ø-\-sØ-°p-dn®v XpS-°-

Øn¬ Rm≥ kqNn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. AXn-

eqsS C°q-´-cpsS X\n-\n-dhpw hy

‡-am-bn. ]t£, Hmdn-b‚-en-Ãp-I-

fn¬ \oXnsb kvt\ln-°p∂ In

kvXym-\n-I-fp-≠v. Ah¿ \_n(-k)-

sb-°p-dn®v F¥mWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv?

Im¿sse¬ Xs‚ KŸ-Øn-se-

gp-Xp-∂p: apl-ΩZv I-≈-hm-Zn-bm-bn-

cp∂p F∂ Imcyw \Ω-fn¬ (In-

kvXym-\n-I-fn¬) hnJym-X-am-bn- p≈

XmWv. At±-l-Øns‚ aXw `m¥-

Xzhpw aqV-k-¶-ev]-hp-am-Wv. Cu

F√m Imcy-ßfpw sX‰m-bn-cp-∂p-

sh∂v C∂v P\߃°v t_m[y-am-

bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu a\p-jy-

s\-°p-dn®v (ap-l-ΩZv (k)s\ °pdn-

®v) bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-cmb InkvXym-

\n-Iƒ ]d-™p-]-c-Ønb If-hmb

Imcy-ß-sf√mw \ΩpsS \nµy-X

bv°p Imc-W-am-Ip-∂p. Cu a\p-

jy≥ (\-_n(-k) Xn-cp-ta\n, ]d™

Imcy-߃ 1200 h¿j-ambn 18 tImSn

P\-ß-fpsS k∑m¿§-ambn \ne-sIm-

≈p-∂p. C°m-eØv FX-tØmfw

Bfp-Iƒ ap-l-ΩZv (k)s‚ KŸ-

Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p-thm, AXn-t\-

°mƒ IqSp-X¬ Bcp-tSbpw KŸ-

Øn¬ C°m-esØ P\-߃ hniz-

kn-°p-∂n-√. Hcp I≈-hm-Zn-bmWv

Cu aXw ]c-Øn-bXv F∂ A`n-]m-

b-tØmSv F\n-s°m´pw tbmPn-∏n-√.

A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap≈ Imcy-

ß-fpw, sX‰mb Imcy--ß-fp-sams°

Fgp-Xn-bp- p≈ BfmWv k¿ hneyw

aq¿. F¶n-epw- A-t±lw Fgp-Xp∂p:

\_n(-k) Xncp-ta\n Fs∂-t∂-°p-

ambn Atd-_y≥ \m´n¬ Zo¿ L-Im-

e-ambn \ne-\n-∂p-h∂ F√m \nc¿

∞I Imcy-ß-tfbpw C-√m-Xm-°n.

CkvemanI kaq-l-Øn-\p≈ khn-

ti-j-Kp-W-߃ Ipd-®-√. a‰p≈

Hcp aX-Øn-ep-an-√mØ tijvT-amb

KpW-߃ Ckveman-ep-s≠-∂-Xn¬,

AXn\v A`n-am-\n-°m≥ hI-bp-≠v.

FtUz¿Uv Kn∫¨ Fgp-Xp

∂p: \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-

X-Ønse G‰hpw Ah-km-\sØ

Nn¥-\o-b-amb Imcyw, At±-l-

Øns‚ ]hm-N-IXzw P\-߃°v

KpWw sNbvtXm AX√ tZmjw

sNbvtXm F∂-Xm-Wv. \_n(-k)

Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS ITn-\-hn-tcm-[n-I-fpw,

InkvXym-\n-I-fpw, blq-Zn-Ifpw

At±-lsØ ]hm-N-I-\mbn AwKo-

I-cn-°m-Xn-cn-s°-Ø-s∂, Ahn-S∂v

(k) ]hm-N-I-Xz-hmZw Hcp ^e-]-

Z-amb Imcy-Øn-\p-th≠n sNbvXp

F∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. AXm-

b-Xv, kz¥w aXsØ°mfpw \√-

XmWv Ckvemw aXw F∂v Ah¿

kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p. \_n(-k) Xncp-ta-\n,

]m]-]-cn-lmc kn≤m-¥sØ \a-

kvIm-c-ßfpw, t\mºpw, Zm\-[¿Ω-

ß-fp-am-°n-am-‰n. AXv hfsc at\m-

l-c-am-bXpw EPp-hm-b-Xp-amb Imcy-

am-Wv. _nw_-ß-fn¬ A¿∏n-®n-cp∂

a\p-jys‚ Xym-K-߃ hn]m-S\w

sNbvXp. \_n(-k) apkvenwI-fn¬

kvt\l-Øn-t‚bpw sFIy-Øn-t‚

bpw Hcp B-flmhv DuXn. ]c-kv]cw

\∑ sNøm≥ \n¿t±-in-®p. Ah-cpsS

]Icw ho´m-\p≈ hmRvO Xs‚

Iev]-\-Ifpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw sIm≠v

C√m-Xm-°n. AI-a-ßfpw tZml-

ßfpw XS™p. ]c-kv]cw P∑-i-

Xp-°-fmb Ah¿ kvt\ln-X-cmbn

amdn. B`y-¥c Ie-l-ß-fnepw

IpSpw-_-h-g-°p-I-fnepw Ign-™p-Iq-

Sn-bn-cp-∂-h¿ H‰-s°-´mbn \n∂v ]p

dw-i-‡n-Isf t\cn-Sp -∂-h-cmbn

Øo¿∂p.

hnh: apl-ΩZv Ckvam-bn¬

443

12 kXyZqX≥

temIw Ggp `qJ-WvU-߃ tN¿∂m-Wp, \nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂-

Xv. \mw Pohn-°p∂ C¥y Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Gjy apX¬ bqtdm-∏v, B^n-°,

BkvtS-enb, kuØv Ata-cn-°, t\m¿Øv Ata-cn-°, ]ns∂ a™p-aq-Sn-

°n-S-°p∂ A‚m¿´n-°-bpw.

C∂sØ AXym-[p-\nI imkvXo-b-t\-´-ßfpw H∏w am\hkwkvIm-

c-ß-fpsS ]ucm-WnI ]mc-º-cyhpw Hs° Xo¿Øpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ cmPy-

߃ apgp-h≥ bqtdm-∏n-em-sW-∂mWv ]cs° hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

H´msI Ccp-]-Xn-e-[nIw sNdp-cm-Py-ß-fpsS Hcp kaq-l-amWv bqtdm∏v.

Imem-h-ÿ-]-Imcw sImSpw-ssiXyw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ cmPy-߃

F∂ \ne-bn¬ ]m›m-Xy¿ ˛ Cu ]m›m-Xy-cn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Ata-cn-°-

°mcpw ˛ _p≤n-i‡n Gsd IqSp-X-ep-≈-hcpw DjvW-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Pohn-

°p∂ \mw, Gjy-°m¿ _p≤n-bn¬ Ipd-™-h-cp-am-sW∂ Hcp [mcW

s]mXp-sh-bp-≠v. \n¿`m-Ky-h--im¬ Cu \mapw Hcp ]cn-[n-hsc AXw-Ko-I-

cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-sh∂p tXm∂p∂p.

kqcy-\-kvX-an-°mØ kmam-Py-]-`p-°-fpsS \pI-Øn¬ Iogn¬ ASn-

a-I-sf-t∏mse Pohn-®n-cp∂ \nc-h[n Gjy≥ cmPy-ß-fnse km[m-cW

P\-߃, kao-]-Imew hsc ˛ F¥n\v Cu B[p-\nI Ime-Øp-t]mepw

˛ _lp-am-\m-Z-c-hp-I-tfm-sS-bmWv ]m›m-Xy-sc, ]tXy-In®v Cw•o-jp-Imsc

t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂-Xv. Cw•o-jp-Im¿ amX-a√ ]Sn-™m-dp-\n∂pw t]m¿®p-

Ko-kp-Imcpw U®p-Imcpw, ^©p-Im-cp-sams° Hcp ImeØv IS¬Xm≠n

"B[p-\nI bqtdm-]y≥ \mK-cn-I-Xbpwapkvenw kvs]bn\pw '

C¥y-bn¬ hcn-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ah¿

\ΩpsS \m´p-cm-Py-ßsf n∂n-∏n-°p-

Ibpw \ΩpsS ]S-bm-fn -I-fpsS

hmfpw ]cn-N-sbbpw Aºpw hn√n-

s\-bp-sams° AkvX-]-⁄-am°n

shSn-a-cp-∂p-sIm≠v hn\miw hnX-

bv°m≥ Ign-hp≈ tXm°p-Ifpw

]oc-¶n-I-fp-ambn Ggmw IS¬ IS-∂p-

h∂v \sΩ Iog-S-°n, \nc-h[n

Imew `cn®v Imem-Imew \ΩpsS

hne-]n-Sn® kº-Øp-Iƒ ssIø-

S°n sIm≠p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

e≠\pw ]mco-kp-sams° C∂v

temIsØ G‰hpw ]cn-jvIrX \K-

c-ß-fpsS \nc-bn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-°p-

∂p. Cu \K-c-߃ Dƒs°m-≈p∂

bqtdm-]y≥ kaq-l-Øn¬ Pohn-®n-

cp∂ Ahn-SsØ ap≥Km-an-I-sf-∏-‰n,

Ah¿ Xosc ]mIr-X-cpw, A]-cn-

jvIr-X-cpw, \·X ad-bv°m-\mbn

tXm¬°-jWw sIm≠v Kply- mKw

ad-®n-cp-∂-h-cp-sam-s°-bm-bn-cp-∂p-

sh∂v ]d™m¬ \maXp hniz-kn-

°ptam? ]mco-knepw e≠-\nepw

A°m-eØv apf-sIm-≠mWv hoSp-

Iƒ \n¿Ωn-®p-cp-∂-sX∂pw ]d-

™m¬ \ap-°Xv Dƒs°m≈m-\m-

hptam? ]pX-bv°p-hm-\p-]-tbm-Kn-

°p∂ hncn-∏n-s\-°p-dn®p t]mepw

Ah¿ A⁄-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw

G. Iyp. alvZn

Ncn-X-Ønse Xa-kvI-c-W-ßsf Ipdn®pw

aX-]-£-]m-Xn-Xz-ßsf Ipdn®pw

Hch-tem-I\w

444

132006 \hw-_¿

AXn-\mbn Ah¿ ssht°m-emWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp-∂-sX∂pw tI´m¬

hnkvabw tXm∂nt√?

F∂m¬ hniz-knt® Ign-bq, kXy-a-XmWv; Hcp Ncn-X-k-Xyw. CsX-

∏‰n kqN\ \¬In-bXv a‰m-cp-a-√, kp]-kn≤ kv]m\njv Ncn-X-Im-c-\mb

Jkvho\n-bm-Wv. At±lw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp Ncn-X-]-WvUn-X-\m-bn-cp-

∂p. Ak-Xy-ß-fpsS \ndw Nmen-°mØ B[n-Im-cn-I-X, kXy-k-‘-X,

At±-l-Øns‚ Ncn-X-]-T-\-߃°v temIw I¬∏n-®n-cp-∂p.

C∂v hn⁄m-\-hn-Imkw Cw•ojv `mj-bn-eq-sS-bm-sW-¶n¬ A∂v,

B Ime-L-´-Øn¬, ssIkvX-h¿ Bi-bn-®n-cp-∂Xv Ad_n `mj-sb-bm-

Wv. C∂sØ B[p-\nI P\X D]-cn-]-T-\m¿∞w Ata-cn-°bpw bqtdm∏pw

t\m°n-°m-Wpw-t]mse apkvenw\m-Sp-I-sf-bmWv A∂v temIw Bi-bn-

®n-cp-∂-Xv; ][m-\-ambpw apkvenw kvs]bn≥. A∂v bqtdm-]y≥ \mSp-

Iƒ°v hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ amXr-Ibpw A`-b-tI-µ-hp-am-bn-Øo¿∂Xv

kvs]bn≥ Bbn-cp-∂p.

CsX-∂mWv; GXp Ime-L-´-Øn¬.....?

]d-bmw. AXn\p apºv NcnXw F∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰n A¬∏w ]d-tb-≠n-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. NcnXw F∂m¬ Hcp Ime-Øn-s‚tbm Ime-L- -Øn-s‚tbm

kXy-k-‘hpw hniz-k-\o-bp-amb tcJ-bm-Wv. AXp hnI-e-ambm¬ Ncn-

X-Øns‚ B[n-Im-cn-IX Xs∂ tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Spw, tNm¿∂p-t]m-Ipw.

Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m-cm¬ kz¥w `mh-\bv°pw k¶¬∏-߃°pw Bi-b-

߃°pw hnizm-k-߃°pw A\p-kr-X-ambn Fgp-X-s∏´ Ncn-X-tc-J-I-

fmWv temIw ]e-t∏mgpw Ct∂mfw I≠p-t]m-∂n-´p-≈-Xv. ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-

B-\p-ambn _‘-s∏´ NcnX tcJ-I-fpsS ssh⁄m-\nI mh-Øn\p amXw

˛ AsXmcp ssZhnI K∞-am-b-Xn-\m¬ ˛ Ct∂mfw Hcp sshI-eyhpw

h∂n-´n√; Hcn-°epw hcn-I-bn-s√∂v \mw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

Rm\pw \nß-fp-sams° kv°qfn¬ ]Tn® temI-N-cn-X-Øn-s‚bpw

C¥ym-N-cn-X-Øn-t‚bpw Nne `mK-ß-fpsS kXyk-‘X tNmZyw sNø-

s∏-S-Ø° B[n-Im-cnI tcJ-Iƒ Ct∏mƒ hniz-k-\o-b-ambn Is≠-Øn-

bn- p-≠v. B ]gb Ncn-X-ß-sfms° Fgp-Xn-∏n-Sn-∏n-®-Xv Cw•o-jp-Im-cmWv;

_n´o-jp-Im¿. Ah¿ Fgp-Xnb Ncn-X-amWv C∂v apgp-tem-IØpw Acßp

hmgp-∂-Xv. kXy-k-‘cpw \njv]-£-a-Xn-I-fp-amb \nch[n B[p-\nI Ncn-

X-Im-c-∑m¿ Ct∏mƒ Cu "Cw•ojv NcnX'sØ X≈n-∏-d-bp-Ibpw IqSp-

X¬ Kth-j-W-߃ \SØn ]pXnb tcJ-Iƒ°v ÿm\w \¬Ip-Ibpw

sNbvXn-´p-≠v.

\n߃t°m¿Ω-bpt≠m, \mw kvIqƒ¢m-kp-I-fn-¬ ]Tn® Sn∏p

kp¬Øm-s\-∏‰n? At±-lsØ AXn-Iq-c-\mb Hcp c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bmWv

Cw•ojv Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv. "ssakq¿°-Sph' F∂-t±-l-

Øn∂-h¿ \ma-I-cWw sNøp-I-t]mepw sNbvXp. aX-`m-¥-\m-bn-cp-∂p Sn∏p

F∂-h¿ ]N-cn-∏n-®p. tIc-f-Øn¬ ]S-tbm´w \SØn lnµp-°sf HmSn-

°p-Ibpw aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v A\y-a-X-ÿsc \n¿_-‘n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp-sh-∂p-hsc Sn∏p kp¬Øm-s\-∏‰n Ah¿ Fgp-Xn-sh-®p.

\oXn-\n-jvT-\mb Hcp `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p Sn∏p kp¬Øm≥.

i‡\pw ss[cy-im-en-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. _o´ojv `c-W-Øn-s\-Xnsc Hcp

\o°p-t]m-°n\pw Xøm-dm-ImsX ]S \bn® Sn∏p, Cw•o-jp-Imsc A∂p

h√msX sNmSn-∏n-®p. At±-lsØ Ncn-X-Øm-fp-I-fn-eqsS tXtPm-h[w

sNøp-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p _o´ojv Ncn-X-Im-∑m-cpsS Dt±-iw.

Imew sshIn-sb-¶nepw Ct∏m

ƒ kXyw ]pd-Øp-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

C¥ym Ncn-X-Øn¬ Adw-K-ko-

_n-s\-∏-‰nbpw kXy-Øn\p \nc-

°mØ tcJ-I-fmWv Ncn-X-Im-c-

∑m¿ Na-®-Xv. At±lw Iqc-\mb

`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p kz¥w

]nXm-hns\ I¬Øpd-¶n-e-S-®n- mWv

kzbw NI-h¿Øn-bm-b-Xv, F∂p

XpSßn FX tami-ambn Hcp `c-

Wm-[n-Im-cnsb NnXo-I-cn-°ptam

AX I≠v Ah-tl-f-\m-]-c-amb

Ncn-X-tc-J-I-fmWv Na-bv°-s∏-´-Xv.

F∂m¬ kXy-sa-¥m-bn-cp-∂p.

apKƒ c-W-I¿Øm-°-fn¬ G‰hpw

kmXznI\pw, \oXn-am-\p-amb c-Wm-

[n-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp∂p Adw-K-ko-_v.

AXy¥w aX-\njvT ]pe¿Ønb

Hcp Pohn-X-]-∞m-hm-bn-cp∂p At±-

l-Øn -t‚ -X v . s]mXp -J -P -\m -

hn¬\n∂v kz¥w sNe-hn -\p -

t]mepw At±lw Hcp ss]k FSp-

Øn-√. kz¥w ssIsIm≠p sXm∏n

Xp∂nbpw, Jp¿-B≥ ]I¿Øn-sb-

gp-Xnbpw kºm-Zn® \mW-b-Øp-´p-

Iƒ amX-am-Wv, Iod-°p-∏mbw

[cn®v °o¿ kam-\-\mbn Pohn®

alm-\mb B NI-h¿Øn, kz¥w

Pohn-Xm-h-iy-߃°mbn D]-tbm-

Kn®-Xv.

Fßns\ Cu NI-h¿Øn Ncn-

X-Im-c-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ A\-`n-X-a-

\mbn?

F∂m¬ AIv_¿ NI-h¿

Øntbm? At±lw AXn-_p-≤n-am-

\m-bn-cp-∂p. X¥-im-en-bmb c-Wm-

[n -Im -cn -bm -bn -cp -∂p. aX-ku-

lm¿±sa∂ t]cn¬ kpµ-cn-I-fmb

\nc-h[n cP]pX kvXoIsf hn

hmlw Ign®v Ac-a-\-bn¬ hmgn®p

AIv_¿. IqSmsX G‰hpw henb

Hcp hnÕnØw A∂-t±lw sNøp-

I-bp-≠mbn; kz¥-ambn Hcp aXw

ÿm]n-°¬. "Zn≥ Cem-ln' F∂

B aXw At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Im-

eØp Xs∂ AkvX-an-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp.

445

14 kXyZqX≥

F∂m-tem, AIv_¿ NI-h¿Ønsb alm-\mb AIv_¿ F∂p Ncn-

X-Im-c-∑m¿ hmgvØp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXmWv NcnX sshcp-≤y-߃!

\ap°p sas√ hnj-b-Øn-te°p hcmw. \mw hmbn-®-dn™ Hcp

"Ccp≠bpK-'sØ-∏‰n temI Ncn-X-Øn¬ ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. "Ccp≠ bpKw'

AYhm 'Dark Age'. AXns‚ Ime-L-´-am-hs´ InkvXp-h¿jw 711 apX¬

1492 hsc-bp≈ 781 h¿j-ß-fmWv; F´p-\q-‰m-≠p-Im-ew.

Adn-t™m Adn-bm-sXtbm Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ InkvXp-h¿jw Bcw-`n-

®-Xn-\n-∏p-d-ap≈ ka-bsØ aq∂p L´-ß-fmbn Ime-hn-`-P\w \SØn;

]mNo\w ˛ a[y-Imew ˛ B[p-\nI Imew. \mw Ct∏mƒ Pohn-°p-∂Xv

Ncn-X-kq-N-\-]-Imcw B[p-\nI Ime-Øm-Wv. ]mNo-\-Im-e-am-hs´

InkvXp-h¿jw 476 hsc-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWp k¶-ev]w. a[y-Imew 476

apX¬ 1453 hsc-bpw, 1453 apX¬ C∂p-h-sc-bp-≈Xv B[p-\nI L´-ambpw

KWn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Ch-bn¬ a[y-Im-e-L-´-sØ-bmWv Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ "Ccp≠ bpKw'

F∂p hnfn®-Xv. Cu ]tbm-K-am-hs´ bqtdm-]y≥ Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m-cpsS

krjvSn-bp-am-Wv.

bmYm¿∞yw F¥m-bn-cp∂p? F¥n-\mWv Cu CS-°m-esØ "A‘-

Im-c-bpKw' F∂-h¿ hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.

AsXmcp Iui-e-Øns‚ mK-amWv, Hcp ]m›mXy X¥w; Ncn-X-k-

Xy-ßsf hf-sNm-Sn-®p≈ Hcp NXn-]-tbm-K-Øns‚ ^e-am-bp-≠mb

\n¿hN\w.

t\csØ kqNn-∏n-®p-h-s√m, \Kv\X ad-°m≥ tXmepw hoSp-sI-´m-≥

apf-°m-ep-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ ]gb bqtdm-]y≥ kaq-l-sØ-∏-‰n. e≠-

\n-tebpw ]mco-kn-sebpw ]mIr-X-sc-∏-‰n.

F∂m¬, bqtdm-]y≥ Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ Nhn-´n-Øm-gvØnb Cu a[y-

Im-e-bp-Kw, CkvemanI kwkvIr-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw Iao-I-c-W-ß-fp-sSbpw

DØpw-K-Im-e-am-bn-cp-∂p. CkvemanI kwkvImcw \qdp iX-am\w X\n-a-

tbmsS \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ Hcp Ime-L-´w.

Z£nW bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-ß-fmb kvs]bv≥, t]m¿´p-K¬, Z£n-W-

^m≥kv, C‰-en, knknen apX-emb tZi-ß-fn-emWv CkvemanI

kwkvImcw AXns‚ AXyp -∂-Xn -bn¬ \ne-\n -∂n -cp -∂-Xv. B

CkvemanIbpKsØ Xa-kvI-cn-°m-\mWv bqtdm-]y≥ Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ Cu

ImesØ X≈n-∏-d-bp-Ibpw Ccp≠ bpK-sa∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXXv.

F¥n-\v.....?

a[y-Im-e-L-´-sa∂p Ncn-X-Im-

c-∑m¿ hnti-jn-∏n® B CS-°me

\q‰m-≠p-I-fpsS temI-N-cnXw

bqtdm -]y≥ Ncn - Xm -t\z -j-I¿

t_m[-]q¿∆w hymJym-\n-®p-d-∏n-®-

XmWv; B Ime-L-´-Ønse Ckv

emanI kwkvIr-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw t\´-

ß-fp-sSbpw Xa-kvI-cn-°m≥ th≠n

amXw. ]Xn-\mdmw \q‰m-t≠msS

Bcw-`n® kml-knI temI-bm-X-

Ifpw XpS¿∂p-≠mb hymh-km-bnI

hnπ-hhpw kmam-Py-h¬°-c-W-hp-

sams° temI-Øns‚ apgp-h≥

hn[n \n¿Æ-bn-°m-\p≈ IpØ-Im-

h-Imiw X߃°p-≈-Xm-sW-∂p-

kvYm-]n-°-m≥ bqtdm-]y¿ \S-Ønb

ia-Øns‚ mK-am-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. ]e

]pØ≥ amt\-Pvsa‚ v X¥-ßfpw

A∂-h¿ CXn-\mbn ]tbm-Kn-®p.

a[y-Im-e-L-´sØ "Ccp-≠-

bpKw' F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ

CXneqsS \ap°p tXm∂p -I,

temIw apgp-h≥ Cu ImeØv ssh

⁄m-\n-I-ambn A‘-Im-c-Øn-em-bn-

cp-∂p-sh-∂m-hpw. F∂m¬ Cu

"Ccpfv' F∂ ]tbmKw bqtdm-∏ns‚

_lp-`q-cn-]£w hcp∂ Cw•≠v

apX-ep≈ cmPy-߃ apgp-h-\pw, Ing-

°≥ bqtdm-∏nse Xp¿°n-bn¬ Xp

Sßn Gjy≥ qJ-WvU-߃ IS∂v

C¥ym hscbpw ]S¿∂p ]¥-en®p

\n∂ AXn-hn-]p-e-amb CkvemanI

kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ km∂n-≤ysØ

bqtdm-]y≥ Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ ad®p

shbv°p-∂-Xn -s‚ s]mcp -fn -s\-

bmWp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv.

ho≠pw tNmZyw Db-cp∂p;

F¥n-\v.....?

Cu ad-®pshbv°¬ B[p-\nI

temI-Øns‚ hn[n-I¿Øm-°-fmbn

kzbw ]Jym-]n -°p∂ bqtdm -

]y¿°v F¥p-sIm≠pw A\n-hm-cy-

am-sW-∂-XmWv bmYm¿∞yw. Hcp-

]t£ Ah¿°-Xn\p Ign-™n-s√-

¶n¬, a[y-Ime CkvemanI ASn-Ø-

d-bn¬ \n∂v X߃ IS-sa-SpØ

aÆn-emWv Ct∏m-gsØ B[p\nI

F∂m¬, bqtdm-]y≥ Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ Nhn-´n-Øm-gvØnb

Cu a[y-Im-e-bp-Kw, CkvemanI kwkvIr-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw

Iao-I-c-W-ß-fp-sSbpw DØpw-K-Im-e-am-bn-cp-∂p.

CkvemanI kwkvImcw \qdp iX-am\w X\n-a-tbmsS

\ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ Hcp Ime-L-´w.

446

152006 \hw-_¿

bqtdm∏v \ne-\n¬°p-∂-sX∂ bmYm¿∞yw AwKo-I-cn-t°-≠n-hcpw.

InkvXp-h¿jw 711 apX¬ 1492 hsc-bp≈ ImeØv A∂sØ bqtdm-

∏ns‚ ][m\ `mK-ß-fmb kvs]bv≥ ˛ t]m¿´p-K¬ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ \ne-

\n∂ imkvXw, kmln-Xyw, Ie, cmjvSo-bw, aXw, Ncn-Xw, qan-im-kvXw,

sshZyw, XXz-Nn-¥, F∂o cwK-ß-fnse D∂-X-amb CkvemanI km∂n≤yw

BWv, icn°pw B[p-\n-I-tem-I-N-cn-X-Øns‚ ss]XrIw Bbn-Øo¿∂-

Xv, B kmwkvIm-cnI ss]Xr-Iw, apgp-h≥ bqtdm-∏ns\bpw kzm[o-\n-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp.

\thm-∞m\ Imem-cw-`-Ønse bqtdm-]y≥ ]›m-Øew FSp-Øp-]-d-

bp∂ Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂-Xv, Xp¿°n-I-fpsS BI-a-W-tijw

tIm¨Ãm‚n-t\-∏nƒ ]tZ-i-Øp-\n∂pw C‰-en-bnse hnhn[ \K-c-cm-jvS-

ß-fn-te°v ]em-b\w sNbvX InkvXy≥ ]WvUn-X-∑m-cpsS km∂n-≤yw

aqe-ap-≠mb t\´-ß-fmWv B[p-\nI bqtdm-∏ns‚ ASn-Ø-d-sb-∂m-Wv.

F∂m¬ 1492 hsc C‰-en-bnepw ]Sn-™m-d≥ `mK-ß-fmb knknen ˛

kvs]b≥ ]tZ-i-ß-fnepw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ CkvemanI kmwkvIm-cnI ]mc-

º-cyhpw AXns‚ kzm[o-\hpw FX-amXw i‡-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw Ah-

bmWv B[p-\nI bqtdm-∏ns‚ KXn-am-‰-Øn\p klm-b-I-ambn F∂Xpw

Hm¿Ωn-°m≥ Ah¿ Xøm-d-√.

]Xn-s\m∂mw iX-I-Øn¬ Bcw- n® aq∂p \q‰m-≠p-I-tfmfw XpS¿∂

Ipcn-ip-bp-≤-߃, A°m-esØ InkvXy≥ apkvenw kwL-´-\-sØ-∏‰n

hy‡-amb kqN-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p. Cu kwL-´-\-ß-tfm-sS-bmWv ]›n-

ta-jy-bn¬ \n∂v bqtdm-∏n-te°v CkvemanI kwkvImcw cwK-]-thiw

sNbvsX-X∂pw NcnXw ]d-bp-∂p.

Ckveman-s‚ Bhn¿`m-h-L-´-Øn¬Xs∂ Atd-_y-bpsS Acn-IØp

InS-°p∂ `qJ-WvU-amb B^n-°-bpsS ]q¿t∆m-Ø-c-tZ-i-ßfmb

FtXym]y (]-gb A_n-ko-\n-b), CuPn]vXv (]-gb ankn¿), en_n-b,

samtdmt°m XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn-te°v sN¶S¬ IS∂v Ckveman-I

ktµiw FØn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p. XpS¿∂v a≤y-Im-e-L´w apgp-h≥ AXn-

i-‡-ambn \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ CkvemanI kwkvImcw AXns‚ DZm-Ø-amb

hf¿®-bpsS aplq¿Ø-߃ Cu ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ krjvSn-°m≥ XpS-ßn.

B^n-°-bpsS apJy-`m-Khpw 18-˛mw \q‰m-≠p-hsc Ccp-´n¬ B≠p-In-S-∂-

t∏m-gmbncp∂p ta¬∏-d™ ]tZ-i-߃ CkvemanI hyh-ÿn-Xn-bn¬

A[n-jvTn-X-ambn apt∂-dn-bXv; B ssPX-bm-X-bpsS XpS¿®-b-s√-¶nepw

B Ccp≠ B^n-°≥ aÆn¬ C∂v Ckvemans‚ hnP-b-t`cn apg°n

apt∂-dp-∂Xv AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv amX-am-sW-∂-Xv, B[p-\nI

CkvemanI Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿°p-t]mepw \ntj-[n-°m-\m-hp-sa∂p tXm∂p-

∂n-√.

Aßns\ cmjvSo-b-am-bpw, ssk\n-I-am-bpw, ]_-e-am-bn-cp∂

A∂sØ CkvemanI cmjvS-߃°v, Pn_mƒ´¿ IS-en-Sp-°n-eqsS

tIhew 28 ssa¬ amXw XcWw sNbvXm¬ Z£nW bqtdm-]y≥ ]tZ-i-

ß-fn-seØn B[n-]Xyw ÿm]n-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, kam-

[m-\-Øns‚ ktµiaX-bmb Ckvemans‚ hyh-ÿnXn i‡-ambn ]n¥p-

S¿∂n-cp∂ a[y-Ime apkvenw cmjvS-߃ A\n-hm-cy-amb kml-N-cy-ß-

fn-e-√m-sX, AX-s√-¶n¬ Xo¿Øpw ]Xn-tcm-[-am¿§-߃°p th≠n-b-√m-

sX, bp≤-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Itbm A\y-cm-Py-ßsf BI-an®p Iog-S-°p-

Itbm sNbvXn-√. sXm´-SpØ B^n-°≥ h≥I-c-bn¬ \n¿Æm-b-Iamb

kzm[o\w D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-´pw, ]tIm-]-\-sam-∂p-an-√msX bqtdm-∏n¬ Ah¿

]th-in-°msX kzbw ]n¥n-cn™p

\n¬°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ Cu Nn¥-Iƒs°mcp

KXn-am‰w D≠m-bXv InkvXp-h¿jw

705 apX¬ 715 hsc kndn-b-bn-se

Zam-kvIkv Xe-ÿm-\-ambn `cWw

\S-Øn-bn-cp∂ Dahn hwi-Ønse

Jeo^m hmenZv H∂m-as‚ Ime-

Øm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øn-eqsS G.-

Un. 711 ¬ kvs]bn≥ t]m¿´p-K¬

]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ apkvenw kzm[o\w

Dd-∏n-°-s∏-´p.

Cu A[n-\n-th-i-Øn\v Hcp

Ncn-X-]-›m-Ø-e-ap-≠v. \q‰m-≠p-I-

fmbn X߃ InkvXob `c-Wm-[n-

Im-cn-I-fpsS Incm-X-`-c-W-Øn≥

Iogn¬ A\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂

bmX-\-I-fn¬ \n∂p≈ tamN-\-

sa∂ \ne-bn¬, DØ-cm-^n-°-bn¬

A∂p \ne-hn-en-cp∂ CkvemanI

`c -W-Øn\p kam -\ -amb Hcp

t\XrXzw X߃°pw e`y-am-h-s´-

sb∂p Icp-Xn, bqtdm-]y≥ ]tZ-i-

ß-fn¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ InkvXym-\n-

Iƒ Xs∂, apkvenw B[n-]-Xy-

Øn\p If-sam-cp -°n-s°m-Sp -°p-

Ibpw Ahsc kzmKXw sNøp-

IbpamWp-≠m-b-Xv. Aßn-s\-

bmWv InkvXob kvs]bv\n¬

apkvenwIƒ ]th-in-®-Xv.

a[y-Im-e-L´w XpS-ßpw-

hsc, AXm-bXv Inkv-Xm_vZw 711

hsc apkvenw km∂n -≤ytam

CkvemanI kwkvIm-ctam \ne-hn-

√m-Xn-cp∂ Hcp `qJ-WvU-Øn-emWv

1492 hsc-bp≈ \o≠ 800 h¿j-

°mew i‡-amb Hcp CkvemanI

`c-W-IqSw \ne-hn¬ h∂-Xv. a[y-

Im-e-L-´-Ønse apkvenwI-fp-ambn

Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ, A∂sØ

InkvXob bqtdm∏pw P\-ßfpw

A⁄cpw Zcn-Z-cp-am-bn-cp-∂p. `c-

W-Iq-S-߃ P\-ßsf tkhn®n-√.

kvs]bn-\nse A∂sØ c-Wm-[n-

Im-cn, InkvXy≥ hwi-P-\mb

sdmUn-°m-bn-cp-∂p. Abm-fp-tSXv

`oI-c-amb Hcp a¿±-I-`-c-W-am-bn-cp-

447

16 kXyZqX≥

∂p. sdmUn-°ns‚ c-W-Øn¬ ]P-I-fmsI s]mdp-Xn-ap´n. Ah¿ kwL-

Sn-®p. P\-߃ Xß-fp-sS ]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn Hcmsf Is≠-Øn, Pqen-b≥.

Pqen-bs‚ A`y¿∞\ am\n®v Jeo^ hmenZv H∂m-as‚ A\p-hm-Z-tØmsS

DØ-cm-^n-°-bnse Kh¿W-dm-bn-cp∂ aqkm C_v\p \pss-_¿ Xs‚

tk\m-\m-b-I≥ XmcnJv C_v\p knbm-Zns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ggm-bncw

t]c-S-ßp∂ Hcp ssk\ysØ Pn_mƒ´¿ IS-en-Sp°p hgn kvs]bn-\n-

se-Øn®p.

CXv InkvXp-h¿jw 711 sk]v‰w-_-dn-em-bn-cp-∂p. sdmUn-°ns\ ]cm-

P-b-s∏-SpØn XmcnJv C_v\p knbm-Zv, kvs]bv\n¬ CkvemanI `c-W-

Øn\p Xd-°-√n-´p. kvs]bn\neqsS A∂m-cw-`n® B ssPX-bmX bqtdm-

∏n-sem- msI ]S¿∂p Ib-dp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kv]m\njv P\-X-bm-I-s´, Xß-

fpsS \ne-hn-ep≈ InkvXob `c-W-t\-Xr-Xz-Øn¬ a\w-aSpØv hntZi

apkvenwIsf bqtdm-]y≥ aÆn-tebv°v l¿jm--c-h-tØmsS hc-th-‰p.

CkvemanI `c-W-Øn≥Io-gn¬ \nc-h[n kao-]-]-tZ-i-ßfpw kvs]bv\n-

t\mSp Iq´n-t®¿°-s∏-´p. kmaq-ln-I-ambpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-ambpw XI¿∂-

Sn™p InS-∂n-cp∂ kvs]bv≥ P\-Xsb Db¿Øn-s°m≠p hcp-∂-Xn-\p≈

hn]p-e-amb apt∂-‰-am-Wv ]n∂oSv kvs]bv\n¬ Zriy-am-Ip-∂-Xv. kmaq-

lnI ka-Xzw, aX-k-ln-jvWp-X, ASn-a-I-fpsS tamN-\w, Im¿jn-I- -hm-WnPy

taJ-e-I-fnse ]cn-jvIm-c-߃ Ch-bn-eqsS hn⁄m-\-Øn-s‚bpw kwkvIm-

c-Øn-s‚bpw uXn-I-t\-´-ß-fp-sSbpw ]pXnb taJ-e-I-fn-tebv°v apkvenw

kvs]bv≥ AXn-thKw apt∂-dm≥ XpS-ßn.

apkvenw kvs]bv≥ \nc-h[n aX-]-WvUnX-∑msc temI-Øn\p kw`m-

h\ sNbvXn- p-≠v. C_v\p-l-kw, C_v\p A_vZp¬ _¿Zv, C_v\p Ad_n

XpS-ßn-b-h-cm-W-h¿. XXz-Nn-¥m-cw-KØpw ]ecpw t\´w ssIh-cn-®p.

C_v\p djvZv, C_v\p Xpss^¬ XpSßnb XXz-Nn-¥-I-∑m¿ D≠m-b-t∏mƒ,

klvdmhn, C_v\p klo¿ imlo XpS-ßnb imkvX-⁄-∑mcpw JØo-

_v, C_v\p Jm¬Xq≥, C_v\p A_vZp-d_v_nlv F∂o Ncn-X-Im-c-∑mcpw

kvs]bn-\n¬ ]kn-≤-cm-bn. C_v\p sskZv, C_v\p AΩm¿ F∂n-h¿

]kn≤ IhntijvT-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. qan-imkvX hn⁄m-\-Øn¬ C_v\p

CZvcnkv ]i-kvX-\m-b-t∏mƒ sshZy-im-kvX-cw-KØv C_v\p-kn\m t]sc-

Sp-Øp. Cßns\ hn⁄m-\-Øns‚ \m\m-ta-J-e-I-fn¬ \nd-™p-\n-∂n-cp∂

A\-izc ]Xn-`-Iƒ°p P∑-ta-Im≥ apkvenw kvs]bn\n-t\mfw `mKyw

kn≤n® Hcp- cmPyw temI-N-cn-X-Øn¬ Xs∂ A]q¿∆-am-Wv.

AXy-]q¿∆-amb ]e I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ßfpw kvs]bv\nse imkvX-⁄-

∑m-cn-eqsS A°m-e-Øp-≠m-bn- p-≠v. Ah-bn-sem∂p ]tXyIw i≤-b¿ln-

°p-∂p. AXv hnam-\-\n¿Ωm-W-am-Wv. 1900 Ifn-em-Wv Ata-cn-°-bnse

ssd‰v ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ temIØv BZy-ambn hnam\w ]d-∏n-®-Xv. F∂m¬,

AXn\v A©p \q‰m-≠p-ap-ºv, apkvenw imkvX-⁄-≥ Hcp BIm-i-hn-

am\w \n¿Ωn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. At±lw \n¿Ωn® hnam\w A¬∏-Zqcw ]d-

∂n´v Xmtgbv°p hoWp-t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CsXmcp Ncn-X-k-Xy-am-Wv.

B[p-\nI ]m›m-Xy-temIw aqSnh® Hcp kXyw. ]q¿∆ kvs]bv\n¬

\n∂pw IS-Ønb Cu kmt¶-XnI hnZy Xs∂-bmtWm ssd‰v ktlm-Z-c-

∑m¿°p am¿§-Z¿i-I-ambn Ah¿ ]co-£W hnam\w ]d-∏n-®-Xv F∂Xv

APvRm-Xw. ^¿\mkv F∂ CtX imkvX-]-Xn` kqcy\pw Nµ\pw

\£-X-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp IrXna BIm-ihpw \n¿Ωn-®p-h-sX.

AXmhmw Hcp ]t£ temIsØ G‰hpw BZysØ H_vk¿th-‰dn.

A°m-eØv Pohn-®n-cp∂ as‰mcp imkvX-⁄-\mb "C_v\p Ahmw'

Im¿jn-I-cw-KØv A¤p-X-߃

krjvSn-®p. hc-≠p-Wßn acp-`qan

kam-\-amb Dujc ]tZ-i-߃

Irjn-bv°p-]-bp-‡-am-°p-∂-Xn -

\p≈ am¿§-ß-fmWv At±lw ]pcm-

X\ kvs]bv\n\p kw`m-h\ sNbvX-

Xv. F√m-Xcw [m\y-ßfpw ]g-h¿§-

ßfpw , ]cpØn NWw XpS-ßnb

hyh-km-bnI hnf-hp-Ifpw A°m

eØv kvvs]bv\n¬ hym]-I-ambn

Irjn sNø-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.

tPm¿÷v Um¿´¿ F∂ ]m›m-

Xy-N-cn-X-Im-c≥ Xs‚ temI-ssh-

⁄m-\nI Ncn-X-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ a[y-

Ime CkvemanI NcnXw hnh-cn-®p-

sIm≠v ]d-bp∂p.

""a[y-Im-eØv temI-Øn\v

G‰hpw al-Ømb kw`m-h-\-I-

f¿∏n-®Xv apkvenwIf-sX. C°m-

eØv eØo≥`m-j-bnepw kp]-

[m\ \nc-h[n IrXn-Iƒ cNn-°-s∏-

´n-´p-s≠-∂Xp icn-bm-Wv. AXp-

t]mse Ko°v, kndn-b≥, t]¿jy≥,

kwkvIr-Xw, ssN\o-kv, Pm∏-\okv

`mj-I-fnepw Iptd ][m\ IrXn-

Iƒ D≠m-bn´p -≠v . F∂m¬

G‰hpw hne-s∏-´Xpw al-Ø-chpw

]tbm-P-\-I-c-hp-amb IrXn-Iƒ cNn-

°-s∏-´Xv Ad-_n-bn-e-sX. F´mw

\q‰m-≠ns‚ DØcm¿≤w apX¬

[ocX

a\p-jysc, iXp-°-fp-

ambn I≠p-ap -´p -hm≥

\n߃ sImXn-°-cp-Xv.

Btcm-Ky-tØmsS Pohn-

°p-hm≥ DXhn \¬tI-

≠-Xn\v A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv

]m¿∞n-®p-sIm-≈p-I.

h√-t∏m-gpw iXp-°-tfmSv

G‰p-ap-t´≠n h∂mtem

F√m hnj-a-ß-fpw kln-

®p-sIm ≠v t]mcm-Sn-sIm-

≈p-I.

ap-l-ΩZv \_n (k)

448

172006 \hw-_¿

]Xn-s\m∂mw \q‰m-≠p-hsc Ad-_n-`mj a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS ]p-tcm-K-

at\m∑pJ ssh⁄m-\nI `mj-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ GXp

hnj-b-Ønepw \ho-\-PvRm\w tXSp∂ Hcp hy‡n°v Ad-_n-`mj ]Tn-

t°-≠n-h-∂n-cp-∂p; C∂v ssh⁄m-\nI ]ptcm-KXn Imw£n-°p-∂-h¿°v

GsX-¶nepw ]m›m-Xy-`m-j, ]tXy-In®v Cw•ojv ]Tn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv A\n-

hm-cy-am-b-Xp-t]m-se.''

C∂sØ B[p-\nI bqtdm-]y≥ \K-c-ßsf A\p-kva-cn-∏n-°pw-hn[w

sa®-s∏-´-h-bm-bn-cp∂p a[y-Im-e-bp-K-Ønse apkvenwI-fpsS kwc-£-W-

bn¬ hnImkw ]m]n® kvs]bn-\nse sIm¿tZmh \K-cw. hnIm-k-L-´-

Øn¬ Ahn-SsØ P\-kwJy 15 e£-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]´-W-Øn\v 42 In.

ao‰¿ \ofhpw 11 Intem-ao-‰¿ hoXn-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. km[m-cW hoSp-I-

fpsS FÆw \K-c-Øn¬ c≠p e£-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, Ac-a-\-I-fpsSbpw

_w•m-hp-I-fp-sSbpw kwJy 60,000Øn\p ta¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. 80,000 hym]m-

c-im-e-Ifpw 3800 ]≈n-Ifpw \K-c-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tdmUp-Iƒ hoXn-

bpw, Dd∏pw shSn-∏p-ap-≈-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. aen-\-P-e-sam-gp-Im-\p≈ I\m-ep-

Ifpw \m¬°-he-I-fn¬ Pe-[m-c-Ifpw hgn-hn-f-°p-Ifpw ÿm]n-°-s∏-´n-

cp-∂p. temI-Øns‚ _p≤n-tI-µ-am-bn-cp∂p A∂v Cu sIm¿tZmh \Kcw.

sIm¿tZm-hbv°v kam-\-ambn A∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv Ncn-X-]-kn≤ \K-

c-amb _mKvZmZv amX-am-bn-cp-∂p.

bqtdm-∏n¬ A∂v GXm\pw ]ptcm-l-nX-∑mcpw ]`p-°fpw HgnsI

a‰m¿°pw FgpØpw hmb-\bpw hi-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ kvs]bn-\nse

apkvenwIƒ apgp-h≥ hnZym-k-º-∂-cm-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-eØv ^©v cmPm-

hn-s‚ tiJ-c-Øn¬ 600 ]pkvX-I-߃ amX-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬

Bbn-c-°-W-°n\p KŸ-ß-fp≈ kzImcy sse_-dn-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp∂

apkvenw hy‡n-Iƒ kvs]bn-\n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. cmP-Iob KŸ-ti-J-c-

W-Øn¬ amXw, A®-Snbpw IS-em v \n¿Ωm-Whpw A]q¿∆-am-bn-cp∂

B ka-b-Øp-t]mepw \mep e£-tØmfw ]pkvX-I-ß-fp≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

B[p-\nIIme-sØ-t∏mse A®-Sn-hnZy kp]-cn-Nn-X-a-√m-Xn-cp∂ A°m-

eØv ssIsø-gpØp coXn-bm-bn-cp∂p \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. AXp-

sIm≠p Xs∂ ]pkvX-I-c-N\ ]bm-khpw sNe-th-dn-b-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

sIm¿tZm-hbn¬ amXw 20,000 t]¿ ]pkvX-I-hym-]m-c-Øn¬ G¿s∏-´n-cp-

∂p-h-sX.

]pkvX-I-\n¿Ωm-W-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb IS-em v \n¿Ωm-W-Øns‚ IpØ-

Ibpw A∂v kvs]bv≥ \ne-\n¿Øn. kvs]bn-\nse tdmam DƒI-S¬Øo-

csØ im-Øn_ \Kcw IS-em p \n¿Ωm-W-Øn\p ]kn-≤-am-bn-cp-∂p.

hn⁄m\ kºm-Z -\ -Øn\v kvs]b-n\n -se-Ønb InkvXob

]WvUnX∑mcn-eq-sS-bmWv ]n¬°m-eØv IS-em v \n¿Ωm-Whpw H∏w

KŸ hn⁄m-\hpw ^m≥kv, C‰en XpS-ßnb bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy--ßfn-

te°v hym]n-®-Xv.

Ad_n ]m¿∞-\-Itfm-Sp≈ AanX Xmev]cyw Ah bqtdm-]y≥ mj-

I-fn-te°v hnh¿ Ø\w sNøm≥ t]c-I-ambn. CXn-\mbn [mcmfw bqtdm-

]y≥ InkvXob ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ HØp-Iq-Sn. A°m-esØ bqtdm-]y≥

ssh⁄m-\n-I- m-j-bmb em‰n-\n-te-bv°m-bn-cp∂p ][m-\-ambpw hnh¿Ø-

\߃ \S-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. c≠p \q‰m-t≠mfw XpS¿®bmbn \S∂ Cu

]Inbbnse hnh¿Ø-I-cn¬ ]i-kvX-cm-Wv, C‰en°m-c-\mb Pqdm¿Uv

Imap\n (1114-˛1187), FUvem¿Uv Hm^v _mØv, ssa°vƒ kvtIm´v (1175-

˛1234) XpS-ßn-b-h¿. Ch-cpsS

hnh¿Ø\ KŸ-ß-fn -eqsS

imkvXhpw Ie-Ifpw bqtdm-∏n¬

]N-cn-®p. C_v\p divZns‚bpw

C_v\p ko\-bp-sSbpw sshZy-im-

kvX-K-Ÿ-߃ aq∂v \q‰m-≠p-

Imew bqtdm-]y≥ Iem-e-b-ß-fn¬

]Tn-∏n-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p F∂Xp Xs∂

Cu kzm[o-\-Øns‚ alXzw hnfn®-

dn-bn-°p-∂p. A°m-eØv s]mXpsh

A‘-hn-izm-kn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p bqtdm-

]y≥ kaq-lw. KWn-Xw, sshZyw,

]Ir-Xn-im-kvXw, Ch B`n-Nm-c-ß-

fm-bmWv Ah¿ Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xv.

Ad-_n-I-fn¬ \n∂v hn⁄m\w

t\Snb tdmK¿ t_°¿ (1214-˛1234)

Ah bqtdm-]y≥ `mj-I-fn-te°v

hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp F∂

k¬°¿Ωw sNbvX-Xn\v in£n-°-

s∏-SpI t]mepw sNbvXp; ]Øp-sIm-

√sØ Pbn¬hm-kw.

kvs]bn-\-n\-SpØ knknen

Zzo]m-bn-cp∂p CkvemanI kwkvIm-

c-Øns‚ as‰mcp bqtdm-]y≥ tIµw-

˛-C-hnsS c≠c \q‰m-t≠mfw (831-

˛1090) CkvemanI km∂n≤yw \nd-

™p-\n-∂p. DØ-cm-^n-°≥ hwi-

P-cmb t\m¿a≥ ssIkvX-h-cm-bn-

cp∂p ChnSsØ qcn-]-£-P-\-X-sb-

¶nepw t\m¿a≥ cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS

Z¿_m-dp -I -fn¬ CkvemanI

kzm[o\w hfsc Imew \o≠p-\n-

∂p. tdmK¿ c≠m-a≥ (1101-˛1154)

apkvenwI-tfmSv DZm-c-k-ao-]\w

]pe¿Øn-bn -cp∂ cmPm-hm -Wv.

At±lw apkvenam-sW-∂p-t]mepw

[cn-®-h-cp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]kn≤

apkvenw `qan -im-kvX-⁄-\mb

C_v\p CZvcoknsb t\m¿a≥

cmPmhv B^n-°bn¬ \n∂pw

£Wn-®p-h-cpØn temI-Øns‚ qan-

im-kvX-sØ-∏-‰n Hcp KŸw cNn-

∏n-°p-Ibpw Hcp `qtc-Jm-NnXw

Xøm-dm-°n-°pI-bp-ap-≠m-bn. B[p-

\nI bpKm-cw-` -Øn\p apºp≈

G‰hpw B[n-Im-cnI temI-`q-]Sw

AXm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂p hne-bn-cp-Ø-

s∏-Sp∂p. CZvcnkn-bpsS KŸw

449

18 kXyZqX≥

bqtdm-]y≥ `mj-I-fn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXXv hgn-bmWv ]m›m-Xy¿

Gjy≥, B^n-°≥ `qJ-WvU-ß-sf-°p-dn®p a\- n-em-°n-b-Xp-X-s∂.

A∂sØ ssIkvXh h\n-X-Iƒ ]¿±bpw aqSp-]-Shpw AWn-bm≥

Xmev]cyw ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. AXv Ckvemans‚ A¥ pw kzm[o-\-hp-

amWp hnfn-®-dn-bn°p-∂-Xv.

Ch-sbm-s°- Iq-SmsX kmº-Øn-I-amb I∏¬ bmX-Iƒ°v am¿§-

Z¿in-bm-hm≥ Ign-bpw-hn-[w IS¬∏m-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v Ah-Km-V-amb Adnhv

A∂v apkvenwIƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. B[p-\nI temI-Øns‚ KXn-hn-K-Xn-

Iƒ am‰n-a-dn® t]m¿ØpKo-kp-Im-c-\mb hmkvtIm-Un-Km-abpsS IS¬hgn-

bp≈ C¥y≥ k©m-c-am¿§w Im´n-s°m-Sp-ØXv Ham≥Im-c\pw Hcp apkvenw

hym]m-cn-bp-amb inlm-_p-±n≥ AlvaZv _n≥ aPoZv F∂-bm-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

A‰vem‚nIv alm-k-apZw ]n∂n v B^n-°≥ h≥I-c-bpsS ap\-ºn-se-Ønb

Kma, hgn-ap-´n, \ncm-i-\mbn bmX Dt]-£n®v XncnsI aSßm≥ Xøm-sd-Sp-

°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At∏m-gmWv inlm-_p-±os\ I≠p-ap-´p-∂Xv. XpS¿∂v

inlm-_p-±o≥ Im´n-s°m-SpØ hgntb Kma tImgn-t°mSp FØn I∏-en-d-

ßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ta¬ kqNn-∏n® hgn-Im-´nbpw a‰v Ad-_n-Ifpw \nc-¥-c-

ambn h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂ Hcp ÿncw IS¬∏m-X-bm-Wn-Xv. Hcn-°epw

CsXmcp ]pXnb I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ 1498 sabv 12 \v

hmkvtIm-U-nKma tImgn-t°mSv I∏-en-d-ßn-bXv Hcp h≥I-≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-am-

bn-´mWv ]m›m-Xy¿ hymJym-\n-®-Xv.

tIcf hnt\m-Z-k-©m-c-h-Ip∏v inlm-_p-±o-t\mSp A¬∏w \oXn Im´n-

sb∂p ]d-bmsX hø. Im∏mSv XocØv tIcf Sqdn-Ãv hIp∏v ÿm]n®

Hcp Sqdn-Ãv dntkm¿´n\v inlm-_p-±o≥ AlvaZns‚ t]cp \¬In-bm-Wv

\ΩpsS k¿°m¿ At±-lsØ BZ-cn-®-Xv. Cu hgn-Im-´n-bmb apkvenw

I®-h-S-°m-cs\ I≠p-ap-´m-\p≈ `mKyw Kma-bv°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√ F¶n-¬,

hmkvtIm-Un-Km-a-bpsS bmXm-N-cnXw ]mXn-h-gn°v Dt]-£n-t°-≠n-h∂v

hnkvar-X-am-sbmcp A≤ym-b-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. CtX hmkvtIm-U-nKm-a-bpsS

]n≥Km-an-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ]n¬°m-eØv apkvenwI ƒ°p t\sc ae-

_m-dn¬ Ac-tß-dnb Iqc-amb \c-\m-bm´ns‚ a\-imkvXw 1492 hsc

kvs]bn≥ ˛ t]m¿´pK¬ ]tZ-i-ßfnse apkvenwIƒ°p t\sc \S∂

D∑qe ]In-b-bpsS ]Xo-Im-fl-I-amb ]I-S-\-am-Imt\ hgn-bp-≈q.

]Xn-\©mw \q‰m-≠n-s‚ A¥y-Z-i-tbmsS kvs]bv\nse CkvemanI

kzm[o\w AkvX-an-°m≥ XpS-ßn. kvs]bv\n¬ tijn-®n-cp∂ apkvenwI-

fpsS Ah-km\ A`-b-tI-µ-am-bn-cp∂ K\-U-bpsS XI¿®-tbmsS 1942

¬ apkvenw XI¿® ]q¿Æ-am-°-s∏-´p. Km\U ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Ønb

ssIkvX-h¿ apkvenwIƒ°p-t\sc ISpØ BI-a-W-߃ Agn-®p-hn-´p.

Ad-_n- mj kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xpw ]Tn-°p-∂Xpw Ip‰-I-c-am-°n. InkvXp-aXw

kzoI-cn°m≥ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ P\-ßsf \n¿_-‘n-®p. hnk-Ω-Xn® Bbn-

c-ßsf Poh-t\msS Nps´-cn-®p. e£-°-W-°n\p apkvenwIƒ ]pd-Øm-

°-s∏-´p. Ht´-sd-t∏¿ kzbw cmPyw-hn-´p-t]m-bn. \mSp-hn-´-h¿ GI-tZiw

aq∂p-e-£-tØm-f-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e¿°pw Poh-`bw ImcWw InkvXp-aXw

kzoI-cn-t°≠ Ah-ÿ-bpw ssIh-∂p.

1511-˛¬ kvs]bv\nse ssIkvXh c-W-IqSw Ad-_n-K-Ÿ-߃ apgp-

h≥ A·n-c-°-bm-°m≥ DØ-c-hn-´p. e£-°-W-°n\p KŸ-߃ IØn

shÆo-dm-bn. K\U \K-c-Øn¬ amXw Nps -cn-°-s∏- Xv F¨]-Xn\mbncw

KŸ-ß-fm-Wv IØn-°-s∏-SmsX Ah-ti-jn-®h kvs]bv\nse FkvtIm-

dn-bm¬ KŸ-im-e-bn¬ kq£n-®n- p-≠v. Ah-ti-jn®hbn-eq-sS-bm-Wv B[p-

\nI temI-Øns‚ ]n¬°me t\´-

߃ bqtdm-]y≥am¿ sImbvsX-Sp-

Ø-Xv. A·n-°n-c-bm-°-s∏-´-h-IqSn

\ne-\n-∂n-cp-s∂-¶n-¬ hn⁄m-\-hn-

kvt^m-S-\-cwKØv B[p-\nI temI-

Øns‚ KXn F¥m-Ip-sa∂p Duln-

°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q. Hcp-]-t£,

Ah t_m[-]q¿∆w A·n-°n-c-bm-

°n -bXp Xs∂ a[y -Ime

CkvemanI hn⁄m-\-Øn-s‚ Xncp-

ti-jn-∏p-Iƒ ]n¬°me temIw

Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°m-\m-Wv. IqSm-sX,

]q¿Æ-ambpw bqtdm-]y-cn-eq-sS-bmWv

B[p-\n-I-temIw hf¿® ]m]n-®-

sX∂v hcp-Øn-Øo¿°m-\p≈ XnI-

™ ]m›mXy amt\-Pvsa‚ v _p≤n

Xs∂-bmhmw CXns‚ ]n∂nse

t]cI i‡n-bpw.

Cßns\ a[yIm-e-N-cn-X-Øn

¬ 800 h¿j-°mew \ne-\n∂ kv

s]bn-\nse CkvemanI km∂n≤yw

Hscm‰ apkvenw \ma-[m-cn-t]mepw

Ah-ti-jn-°msX ]q¿Æ-ambn

XpS®p \o°-s∏-´p. apkvenw `c-W-

km-∂n≤yw Hm¿Ωn-°m≥ A°m-

eØv \n¿Ωn-°-s∏´ GXm\pw aµn-

c-߃ amXta C∂-h-ti-jn-°p-∂p-

≈q. kvs]bn-\nse apkvenwI-fpsS

A¥yw Ncn-X-Ønse Xs∂ thZ-

\m-P-I-\mb Hcp Zpc-¥-am-bn-cp-∂p.

B ]gb Zpc-¥-Øns‚ XpS¿°-Y-

bmtWm A vKm-\n-ÿm-\nepw Cdm-

Jn-epw, CtX ]m›m-Xy-i-‡n-I-

fpsS ]pXnb amt\-Pvsa‚ v ck-X-¥-

Øn-eqsS Ac-tß-dp∂ NXn-hp-I-

sf∂p kwi-bn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

]pXnb apkvenw temIw bYm-k-

abw Cu h©\ I≠-dn-™n-s√-¶n-

¬, as‰mcp kvs]bn≥ Zpc¥w Ad-

_n-\m-Sp-I-fn¬ Bh¿Øn-°p-sa-∂-

Xn\p kwi-b-an-√. AXp-≠m-hm-Xn-

cn-°m-\mbn \ap°p ]m¿∞n-°mw.

(B-i-b-Øn\pw d^-d≥kn\pw,

tIcf hmgvkn‰n CkvemanI Ncn-X-

]-T\ hIp∏p ta[m-hn tUmIvS¿

Fkv. jd-^p-±o-t\mSv \µn-]q¿∆w

IS-∏mSv. teJ-Is‚ Mobile No.9895180441)

450

192006 \hw-_¿

temIØv ImW-s∏-Sp∂

F√m aX-ß-fp-sSbpw Dt±-iy-e£yw

a\p-jys\ tam£-]m]vXn°¿l-\m-

°p-Ibpw ssZh-km-ao-]y-Øn∂p

]mXo-`q-X-\m-°p-I-bp-am-Wv. tem

IØv Ah-Xo¿Æ-cmb F√m

]hmN-I-∑mcpw Xß-fpsS kap-Zm-

b-Øn∂v Cu e£yw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-

t°Ww F∂ e£y-]m-]vXn-°p-th-

≠n-bmWv Atlm-cmXw Xoh-

bXv\w sNbvXn-cp-∂-Xv. ssZh-hn-

izmkw, k¬°¿Ω-߃, ]m]-tam-

N\w, k¿t∆m-]cn ssZhm-\p-Klw

F∂o Imcy-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿

tam£-]m-]vXn-°p≈ \nZm-\-ß-

fmbn ]t_m-[n-®n-cp-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ CXn¬ \n∂pw hn`n∂-

ambn a\p -jys‚ _p≤n°pw

bp‡n°pw tbmPn-°mØXpw ]am-

W-߃°pw ssZhnI kn≤m-¥-

߃°pw ]msS hncp-≤-am-bXpw

Bb Hc-¤p-X-kn-≤m-¥-amWv B[p-

\nI InkvXp-aXw kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw

]t_m-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xv.

AXm-bXv a\p-jy-\mb BZw Hcp

Ckvemapw InkvXp-a-Xhpw ˛Hcp Xmc-X-ay-]-T\w

ap-l-ΩZv Da¿ F®v.-F. tImgn-t°m-Sv

]m]w sNbvX Imc-W-Øm¬ At±-

l-Øn-∂pt-ijw P\n-°p∂ Hmtcm

inip-hpw- P∑\m ]m]n-bm-bn-´mWp

P∑-sa-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. a\p--jy-Ip-esØ

Cu BP-∑-]m-]-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£-

s∏-SpØphm-\mbn ssZhw Aøm-

bncw h¿j-°mew Nn¥n-®-Xn-∂p-

tijw Cu BP-∑-]m-]-Øn\pw Hcp

]cn-lmcw Is≠-Øn. AXm-bXv

Xs‚ GI-]p-X-\mb tbip-hns\

`qan-bn¬ a\p-jy-cq-]-Øn-e-b®v apgp-

a-\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn-s‚bpw ]m]- m-cw

\nc-]-cm-[n-bmb B ip≤ a\-kv

°s‚ Xe-bn-te‰n sh®v At±-l

sØ Ipcn-in-te‰n Xd-®p-sIm-√p-I

F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p B ]m]-]-cn-lm-cw.

Aßs\ tbip-hns‚ Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-

Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿°p ]m]-hn-

tam-N-\hpw tam£hpw e`n-°p-∂-Xm-

Wv. F∂m¬ Cu A_-≤-hn-izm-

ksØ ss__nƒ Xs∂ hymP-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂p. AXm-bXv ]m]w Hcmƒ

(B-Zw) sNøp-Ibpw in£ as‰m-

cmƒ (tb-ip) A\p-`-hn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂p. \ymb-c-ln-X-amb Xocp-am-

\sØ ss__nƒ Xs∂ Jfin-°p-

Ibpw \n-tj-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

AXv ]d-bp-∂Xv ImWp-I:

""]m]w sNøp∂ tZln-a-cn°pw.

aI≥ A∏s‚ AIrXyw hln-t°-

≠. A∏≥ aIs‚ AIr-Xyhpw

hln-t°-≠. \oXn-ams‚ \oXn

Ahs‚ taepw Zpjv-Ss‚ ZpjvSX

Ahs‚ taepw Ccn-°pw. (sb-sl-

kvtX¬ 18:20,21)

CXvt]m-ep≈ Hcp-]mSp hN-\-

߃ ss__n-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

CXn¬ \n∂pw ]m]w a\p-jy∂v

]n¥p-S¿®m-h-Im-i-ambn e`n-°p∂

H∂√ F∂v Kmly-amIp-∂p. hn

ip≤ Jp¿-B\pw C]-Imcw Acpƒ

sNøp-∂p:

""Hmtcm Bflmhpw AXns‚

kz¥w DØ-c-hm-ZnXzØn-t∑-e-

√msX H∂pw kºm-Zn-°p-∂n-√. mcw

hln-°p∂ Hcmfpw as‰m-cm-fpsS

`mcw hln-°p-I-bn-√. ]ns∂ \nß-

fpsS \mYs‚bSp-°-te°v Xs∂-

bmWv \nß-fpsS aS°w'' (6:165)

InkvXp-k- -bpsS ap‡n-imkvXw bp‡n-]-ctam ssZh-a-l-Xz-Øn\v tbmPn-®tXm A√.

InkvXp-hns‚ bYm¿∞ A≤ym-]-\-߃ Ckvemw aX-hp-ambn XmZmflyw

]m]n-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v ss__nƒ Xs∂ km£yw hln-°p-∂p.

451

20 kXyZqX≥

as‰m-cn-S-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p:

""`mcw hln-°p∂ Hcm-flmhpw

as‰m-∂ns‚ `mcw hln-°p-I-bn-√.

`mcw \nanØw sRcp-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂

Hcm-flmhv AXns‚ `mcw hln-°p-

hm-\mbn (a-s‰m-∂n-s\) hnfn-°p-∂-

Xm-bm¬ AXn¬ \n∂p H´pw Xs∂

hln-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. B hnfn-°-s∏-

Sp∂ Bƒ ASpØ _‘p-hm -

bmepw icn.'' (35:19)

bp‡n°pw ]am-W-Øn∂pw

hncp-≤-amb Cu ]cn-lmky In

kvXob kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ s]m≈-

Ø-csØ°pdn®p Cu teJ-\-Øn

s‚ Ah-km-\-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.

C\n \ap°v hnip≤ Jp¿-B-

s‚bpw ss__n-fn-s‚bpw A≤ym-

]--\-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ ]m]-]-cn-

lm-c-kn-≤m-¥-sØ-°p-dn®pw tam£-

]m-]vXn-sb-°p-dn®pap≈ c≠p aX-

ß-fp-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-ß

sf°pdn®p Aev]w hni-I-e\w

sNømw.

tam£hpw ]m]ßfn¬ \n∂v

c£bpw e`n-°p-∂-Xn∂v hnizm-

khpw k¬°¿-Ω-ßfpw A\n-hm-cy-

L-S-I-am-sW∂v ss__nƒ D¬

tLm-jn-°p-∂p.

ss__nƒ ]pXnb \nbaw ]d-

bp-∂p:

""Rm≥ \nß-tfmSp ]d-bp∂p:

hniz-kn-°p-∂-h∂v \nXy-Po-h≥

D≠v.'' (tbm-l-∂m≥ 6:47)

""ktlm-Z -c -∑m-tc, Hcp -Ø≥

X\n°v hnizm-k-ap-s≠∂p ]d-bp-

Ibpw ]hr-Øn-Iƒ C√m-Xn-cn-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXm¬ D]-Imcw F¥v?

B hnizm-k-Øm¬ Ah≥ c£

]m]n-°p-Itam?'' (bm-t°m_v 2:14)

""tbip Ah-t\mSp ""\ns‚

hnizmkw \ns∂ c£n-®ncn-°p∂p''

F∂p ]d™p. (eq-t°mkv 18:42)

""hnip-≤∂v HØ-hÆw A\p-k-

c-W-ap≈ a°-fmbn F√m \S-∏nepw

hnip≤cmIp-ho≥. Rm≥ hnip

≤\mI-bm¬ \nßfpw hnip≤cmbn-

cn-°p-ho≥'' F∂p Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-

∂p-ht√m. (]-tXmkv Fgp-Xnb

H∂mw teJ\w 1:15, 16)

hnip≤ Jp¿-B\pw [mcmfw

ÿe-ß-fn¬ tam£-]m-]vXn°v

hnizm-khpw k¬°¿Ω-ßfpw ASn-

ÿm-\-]-c-amb \nZm-\--ß-fm-sW∂p

]d-bp-∂p. AXm-bXv:

kXy-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw k¬I¿Ωn-

I-fp-am-b-hsc kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø

Adn-bn-°p-I. Ah¿°v XmtgmcØp-

IqSn Acp-hn-Iƒ Hgp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-

°p∂ kz¿§-߃ D≠v. (2:26)

kXy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw

k¬°¿Ω-߃ sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-

∂-h-scm-gnsI a\p-jy≥ \jvS-Øn

¬ Xs∂-bmWv (103:3, 4)

tam£-]m-]vXn-°mbn kXy-hn-

izm-khpw k¬°¿Ω-ßfpw Bh-

iy-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xvt]mse F√m-hn[

]m]-I¿Ω-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Ip‰-Ir-Xy-

ßfn¬ \n∂pw hn´p-\n¬t°-W-

sa∂pw tbip ]d-bp-∂p. AXm-bXv:

""Xn∑-tbmSp tXm¬°msX \∑-

bm¬ Xn∑sb hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂p.''

(tdm-a≥ 12:21)

hnip≤ Jp¿-B\pw Acpƒ

sNøp-∂Xv C-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Xo¿®-

bmbpw k¬°¿Ω-߃ Zpjv°¿Ω-

ßsf AI-‰n-°-f-bp-∂p. (11:115)

tbip-InkvXp ho≠pw ]-d-bp-

∂p:

""Pohs\ B-K-ln°pIbpw ip -

Imew ImWm≥ C—n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂-h-≥ tZmjw sNømsX

Xs‚ \mhn-s\bpw hymPw ]d-bm

sX A[-c-sØbpw AS-°n-s°m-≈-

s´. Ah≥ tZmjw hn´-I∂v KpWw

sNøp-Ibpw kam-[m\w At\z-jn®v

]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw sNø-s´. I¿Øm-

hns‚ IÆp \oXn-am-∑m-cpsS taepw

Ahs‚ sNhn Ah-cpsS ]m¿∞-

\°pw Xpd-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬

I¿Øm-hns‚ apJw Zpjv]-hrØn-

°m¿°v ]Xn-Iq-e-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. (1

]tXmkv 3:10)

""C\n a\p-jy-cpsS taml-߃

A√, ssZh-Øns‚ CjvS-Øn∂v

Pohn-t°-≠-Xn∂v ]m]w hns´m-gn-

™n-cn-°p-∂p. Imam¿Øn-I-fnepw

taml-ß-fnepw ho™p IpSn-bnepw

shdn°qØp-I-fnepw aZy -]m -\-

Ønepw [¿Ω-hn-cp-≤-amb hnK-lm-

cm-[-\-I-fnepw \S∂p PmXn-I-fpsS

CjvSw ]h¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v Imew

t]m°n-bXv aXn.'' (1 ]tXmkv 4:2,3)

\nß-fpsS ]m]-߃ ambn®p I

f-bp-hm≥ ]›m-Ø-]n®v ssZh-Øn-

te°v Xncn-bp-hn≥ (As∏m: 3:19)

CXp kw_-‘n®v hnip≤ Jp¿-

B≥ Acpƒ sNøp-∂p:

""]›m-Ø-]n®v aS-ßp-Ibpw k

¬°¿Ω-߃ sNøp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-

h¿°v A√mlp Ah-cpsS Xn∑-Isf

\∑-I-fm°n am‰n-s°m-Sp-°p-∂-Xm-

Wv. h√-hcpw ]›m-Ø-]n®v aS-ßp-

Ibpw k¬I¿Ω-߃ A\p-jvTn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-bm¬ Xo ¿®-

bmbpw Ah≥ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ A

√m-lp-hn-¶-te°v ]cn-]q¿Æ-ambn aS-

ßp-I-bmWp sNøp∂Xv.'' (25:71, 72)

hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Hcp -]mSp

ÿe-ß-fn¬ Zpjv°¿Ω-ß-fn¬

\n∂p hn´p-\n¬t°-≠p∂ Bh-iy-

I-X-sb-∏‰n Du∂n-bq-∂n∏-d-bp-∂p.

]cn-lm-kw, Zp¿[m-c-W, Gj-Wn,

]c-Zq-j-Ww, hymPw, Nmc-hr-Øn,

Akq-b, hntZz-jw, sshcm-Kyw,

tIm]w F∂o ]e Zpjv°¿Ω-ß-

sfbpw Zpjn® hnNm-c-hn-Im-c-ß-

sfbpw ]‰n hnh-cn-®p-sIm≠v Ah-

bn¬ \ns∂√mw hn´p-\n¬t°-W-

sa∂v hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ hnhn[

A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂p.

B ]pWy-KŸw as‰m-cn-SØv

Acpƒ sNøp-∂p.:

""hniz-kn-®-h-tc, \n›-b-ambpw

aZyhpw NqXm-´hpw ]Xn-jvT-I-fpw,

]iv\w sh°p∂ AkvX-ßfpw

]nim-Nns‚ sNbvXn-I-fn¬ s]´

\oN-- Ir-Xy-ß-fm-Wv. AXn-\m¬

452

212006 \hw-_¿

\n߃ Ah h¿÷n-°p-I, \n߃

hnP-bn-I-fm-Ip-∂-Xn-∂p-th≠n. Xo¿

®-bmbpw ]nim-Np Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv

aZyhpw NqXm-´hpw aptJ\ \n߃

°nS-bn¬ iXp-Xbpw hntZz-jhpw

D≠m-°n-Øo¿ t°-W-sa∂pw A√m-

lp-hns‚ kvac-W-bn¬ \n∂pw \a-

kvIm-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw \nßsf XS-

b-W-sa∂pw amX-am-Wv. AXp-sIm

≠v \n߃ Ch-bn¬ \ns∂√mw

hnc-an-°p-∂pt≠m?'' (5:91, 92)

Npcp-°-Øn¬ kXy-hn-izm-kw,

k¬°¿Ω-߃, ]m]-I¿Ω-ß-fn¬

\n∂pw hn´p -\n¬°¬ F∂nh

tam£-]m-]vXn-°p≈ am¿§-ß-fmbn

hnip≤ Jp¿-B\pw InkvXob thZ-

K-Ÿ-ß-fmbn kam-l-cn-°-s∏´

ss__n-fpw A\p-im-kn-°p-∂p.

F∂p-am-X-a-√, k¿t∆m-]-cn,

ssZh-Øns‚ ]tXy-Im-\p-Klw

tam£-]m-]vXn-°p≈ \nZm-\-am-

sW∂v Jp¿-B\pw ss__nfpw ]d-

bp-∂p.

ss__n-fnse ]pXnb \nbaw

]d-bp-∂-Xm-Wn-Xv:

""c£n-°-s∏-Sp -hm≥ B¿°p

Ignbpw F∂v injy¿ tNmZn-®-X∂v

tbip Ahsc t\m°n. AXp a\p-

jy¿°v Akm-[y-sa-¶nepw ssZh-

Øn∂v kI-ehpw km[yw F∂p

]d™p'' (a-Ømbn 19:25, 26)

as‰mcp ÿeØp ]d-bp∂p:

""F\n°v IcpW tXmt∂-W-

sa∂p≈h-t\mSv IcpW tXm∂p-I-

bpw, F\n°v I\nhv tXmt∂-W-sa-

∂p-≈ht\mSp I\nhp tXm∂p-I

bpw sNøpw F∂v Ah≥ (ssZ-hw)

tamsi-tbmSp Acpfn sNøp-∂p.

AXp-sIm≠p C—n-°p∂h\m-ep-a-

√, HmSp -∂-h-\m-ep -a -√, IcpW

tXm∂p∂ ssZh-Øm-esX kI-

ehpw km[n-°p-∂-Xv... Aßs\

X\n°v a\- p-≈-h-t\mSp Ah∂p

IcpW tXm∂p-∂p. AXn\v a‰p-≈-

hsc Ah≥ ITn-\-\m-°p∂p'' (tdm-

a¿ 9:15-˛18)

""Ir]-bm-esX \n߃ c£n-°-

s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv'' (F-ss^-ky¿ 2:5)

hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Acpƒ sNøp-

∂Xpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. AXm-b-Xv,

Ah≥ C—n-°p-∂-h¿°v s]mdp-Øp-

sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. Ah≥ C—n-°p-∂-

h¿°v in£ \¬Ip-∂p. A√mlp

k¿∆-i-‡-\mWv (2:285)

hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw k¬°¿Ω-

߃ sNøp-Ibpw sNbvX-h¿°v

Ah≥ Xs‚ A\p-K -l-Øn¬

\n∂pw ]Xn- ew \¬Ip-∂p. Ahn-

izm-kn-Isf Ah≥ kvt\ln-°p-

∂n√ (30:46)

Npcp°-Øn¬ hnizm -khpw

k¬°¿Ωhpw A√m-lp -hns‚

A\p-K-l-sØbpw A-hs‚ Imcp-

Wy-sØbpw BI¿jn-°p∂ \nan-

Ø-ß-fm-Ip-∂p.

bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ ]m]-]-cn-lm-

c-kn-≤m-¥-amWv hnip≤ Jp¿-B\pw

ss__nfpw ]t_m-[n-°p-∂-Xv.

Aß-s\-b-√msX Hcmƒ ]m]w sN

øp-Ibpw \nc-]-cm-[n-bmb as‰m-cmƒ

As√-¶n¬ a\p-jy-Ip-e-sam-´msI

in£b\p-`-hn-°pIbpw sNøpI

F∂Xv Atßb-‰sØ Iqchpw

a\p-jy-Xz-c-ln-Xhpw Bb kn≤m-¥-

am-Wv.

ss__n-fn-te°v Xs∂ Aev]-

sam∂p Nn¥n-°p-I-bmsW¶n¬

B[p-\nI InkvXo-b-cpsS ]m]-]-

cn-lmc kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ A¿∞-iq-

\yX hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

BZmw sNbvX ]m]-am-W-t√m

InkvXo-b-cpsS ]m]-]-cn-lm-ckn

≤m¥Øn∂p Imc-W-am-bn-Øo ¿∂n-

cn-°p-∂Xv. CXns‚ bmYm¿∞y-sa-

¥m-sW∂p ss__n-fns‚ shfn-®-

Øn¬ Øs∂ \ap°p t\m°mw.

ss__n -fnse ""D¬]Øn''

c≠pw aq∂pw A≤ym-b-ß-fn¬ C]-

Imcw ]d-bp∂p:

btlm-h-bmb ssZhw Ing°v

GZ-\n¬ Hcp tXm´w D≠m-°n. Xm≥

krjvSn® a\p -jys\ A-hnsS

B°n. Im¨am≥ `wKn-bp-≈Xpw

Xn≥am≥ \√- ^-eap-≈-Xpamb

Hmtcm hr£ßfpw tXm´-Øns‚

\Sp-hn¬ Poh-hr-£hpw btlm-h-

bmb ssZhw \ne-Øp-\n∂p apf-∏n-

®p.... btlm-h-bmb ssZhw a\p-jy-

t\mSp Iev]n-®-sX-s¥-∂m¬ tXm´-

Ønse kI-e-hr-£-ß-fp-sSbpw

^ew \n\°v CjvSw t]mse Xn

∂mw. F∂m¬ \∑-Xn-∑-Isf °pdn-

®p≈ Adn-hns‚ hr-£-Øns‚

^ew Xn∂-cp-Xv. Xn∂p∂ \mfn¬

\o acn-°pw.... btlm-h-bmb ssZhw

D≠m-°nb F√m Im´p-P-¥p-°-sf-

°mfpw ]mºv Iui-e-ta-dn-b-Xm-bn-

cp-∂p. AXv kvXotbmSp ""tXm´-

Ønse bm-sXmcp hr£-Øns‚

^ehpw \n߃ Xn∂-cp-sX∂v, ssZ

hw hmkvX-h-ambn Iev]n-®n- pt≠m

F∂p tNmZn-®p. kvXo ]m-ºn-t\mSp

tXm´-Ønse hr£-Øns‚ ^ew

R߃°p Xn -∂mw. F∂m¬

\n߃ acn-°m-Xn-cn-t°-≠-Xn∂v

tXm´-Øns‚ \Sp-hn-ep≈ hr£-

Øns‚ ^ew Xn∂-cp-Xv. sXmSp-

Ibpw AcpXv F∂v ssZhw Iev]n-

®n -´p≠v F∂p ]d-™p. ]mºv

kvXotbmSv ""\n߃ acn-°p-I-bn-√,

\n›bw AXp Xn∂p∂ \mfn¬

\nß-fpsS IÆp Xpd-°p-Ibpw

\n߃ \∑-Xn-∑-Isf Adn-bp-∂-h-

cmbn ssZh-sØ-t∏mse BIbpw

sNøpw F∂p ssZhw Adn-bp∂p

F∂p ]d-™p. B hr£-^ew

Xn≥am≥ \√Xpw Im¨am≥ `wKn-

bp-≈Xpw ⁄m\w ]m]n-∏m≥

Imayhpw F∂p kvXo I≠p. ew

]dn®p Xn∂p ¿Øm-hn∂pw sImSp-

Øp. Ah\pw Xn∂p. DSs\ Ccp-h-

cp-sSbpw IÆp Xpd∂p X߃ \·-

cm-sW-∂-dn-™p. (D¬]Øn c≠pw

aq∂pw A≤ym-b߃)

]kvXpX D≤-c-Wn-bn¬ \n∂pw

\∑-Xn-∑-Isf Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm-\p≈

i‡n e`n-t°-W-sa∂pw Aßs\

ssZhn -I-Kp -W-߃ Xß-fnepw

D≠m-tI-W-sa-∂p-ap≈ kZp-t±-iy-

tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-bn-cp∂p BZmapw

453

22 kXyZqX≥

l∆mbpw ]kvXpX I\n pPn-®n-cp-

∂-sX∂p a\- n-em-hp-∂p. A£-¥-

hy-amb Hcp ]m]-I¿Ω-a-√m-bn-cp∂p

AXv. Hcp adhn h∂p-t]mbn F∂p

thW-sa-¶n¬ ]dbmw CXn-s\-°p-

dn®p hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

""BZ-an∂v \mw Hcp Iev]\ \¬In.

]t£, At±lw ad-∂p-t]m-bn.

At±-l-Øn∂p (I-ev]\ ewLn-°p-

hm≥) a\x-]q¿∆w Dt±iyw D≈-Xm

bn \mw I≠n√'' (20:116) F∂m-Wv.

ss__n-fn¬ ]kvXpX hN-\-

߃ ]Imcw I\n pPn-®m¬ DS≥

acn-®p-t]m-Ip-sa∂p ssZhhpw acn-

°p-∂-X√ F∂p kmØm\pw ]d-

™p. F∂m¬ Ah-cn-cp-hcpw I\n

`pPn--®-t∏mƒ acn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn-√.

CXn¬ \n∂pw kmØm≥ ]d-™-

XmWv icn, ssZhw ]d-™Xv

]pe¿∂n√ F∂t√ A\p-am-\n-t°-

≠-Xv. CXv icn-bmtWm?

F∂m¬ Hcp sX‰n-≤m-cW aqew

BZmapw l∆mbpw hne-°-s∏´ I\n

`£n-®-Xns‚ ^e-ambn A-h¿°pw

Ah-cpsS k¥m-\-߃°pw e`n-®n-

cp∂ in£ FX-amXw ItTm-c-am-

sW∂p t\m°p-I. l∆°p \¬

Inb in£-sb-°pdn®p ss__nƒ

]d-bp∂p. kvXotbmSp Ah≥

]d™p: Rm≥ \n\°p ZpxJ-sØ

bpw \n\°p K¿`-[m-c-W-sØbpw

G‰w h¿≤n-∏n-°pw. \o hyk-\-

tØmsS ss]X-ßsf ]k-hn-°pw.

\ns‚ BKlw \ns‚ `¿Øm-hn-

t\mSp IqsS BIpw. (D¬]Øn 3:16)

CXn¬ \n∂pw l∆ hne-°-s∏´

I\n `pPn-®n-cp-∂n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-

¶n¬ kvXoh¿§w K¿`w [cn-°p-

Itbm ]k-h-th-Z\ A\p-`-hn-°p-

Itbm `¿Øm-hns\ kvt\ln-°p-

Itbm sNøp-I-bn-s√-∂m-Wt√m

\mw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv. _p-≤n°pw

bp‡n°pw tbmPn® Hcp in£-

bmtWm CXv? l∆m-bn¬ \n∂pw

kwI-an® Cu ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂pw

tbip-hns‚ Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬

hniz-kn-°pI \nanØw InkvXym\n

kvXoIfpw ]k-h-th-Z\ A\p- -hn-

°p-∂-Xm-bn-´t√ I≠p-h-cp-∂-Xv?

Cu in£ C∂pw XpS¿∂p-h-cn-I-bm-

Wt√m? CXv \oXnbpw \ymb-hp-

amtWm?

C-\n ssZhw BZ-an∂p \¬Inb

in£-sb-∏‰n ss__nƒ ]d-bp∂p:

""\ns‚ \nanØw qan i]n-°-s∏-

´n-cn-°p-∂p. \ns‚ Bbp p \msa

√mw ZpxJ-tØmsS \o A-Xn¬ \n

∂pw `£n-°pw. \o \ne-Øn¬ \n

∂p FSp-°-s∏-Spw. AXn¬ XncnsI

tNcp-thmfw \ns‚ apJ-Ønse

hnb¿∏p IqsS \o `£n-°pw. (D¬

]Øn 3:17-˛19)

BZw sNbvX ]m]w \nan-Ø-

amWv P∑\m ]m]n-I-fm-bn-Øo¿

∂Xv. BZw k¥-Xn-Iƒ Hcp in£-

sb-t∂mWw Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-

Imew apgp-h\pw `qan-bn¬ Irjn

sNøp-Ibpw hnb¿∏v Hen-∏n-®p-

sIm≠p Blmcw tXSp-Ibpw sN

tø≠n hcpw F∂v ]kvXpX hN

\w ]d-bp-∂p. tbip-hns‚ Ipcn-ip-

a-c-W-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®n´pw ]m]-ap-

‡-cmb InkvXym-\n-Iƒ ]kvXpX

in£-bn¬ \n∂pw CXp-hsc ap‡-

cm-bn-´n -s√-∂m-Wt√m A\p-`hw

hnfn-t®m-Xp-∂-Xv.

BZmapw l∆mbpw sNbvX Ip‰-

Øn∂p ssZhw `qan-sbbpw in£n-

®-Xmbpw `qansb i]n-°p-Ibpw

AXn¬ ap≈pw ]d-°m-c-I-fpw apf-

∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbpw ss_

_nƒ ]d-bp-∂p. Ah-cn-cp-hcpw hne-

°-s∏´ I\n £n-®n-√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-

¶n¬ `qan-bn¬ apƒs®-Sn-Ifpw a‰pw

D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂-t√ C

Xn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-emIp--∂-Xv?

Npcp-°-Øn¬ BZmapw l∆bpw

sNbvX Hcp Ip‰-Øn-\p≈ in£

Ign™ Bdm-bn-c-Øn-e-[nIw h¿j-

ß-fmbn a\p-jy-Ip-e-am-I-am\w

in£-Iƒ A\p- -hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-

I-bmtWm? a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øns‚

(-tijw 42˛mw t]Pn¬)

454

232006 \hw-_¿

ss__nƒ CuPn-]vXn

se Ckmtb¬ ]hm-N-I-\mb tbm

tk- ns‚ IY hnh-cn-®-Xn\ptijw

430 h¿j-Øn-\p -tijw CuPn-

]vXn¬ P\n® tamsi-bpsS Ncn-X-

Øn-te-°mWv ]thin-°p-∂-Xv.

CuPn-]vXn-te°v 70 Ckm-tb-en-

I -fmWv BZyw ]th-in -® -X v .

"bmt°m-_ns‚ k¥-Xn-Iƒ F√m-

hcpw IqSn Fgp-]Xv t]¿ D≠m-bn-

cp-∂p. tbmtk^v aptº Xs∂

CuPn-]vXn¬ Bbn-cp-∂p.' (]pd: 1:7).

Ckm-tb-en-Iƒ 430 h¿j-amWv

CuPn -] vXn¬ hkn -® -sX∂v

ss__nƒ ]d-bp-∂p. "Ck-tb¬

P\w CuPn-]vXn¬ Ign-®p-Iq-´nb

Imew \m∂q‰n ap∏Xv h¿j-°mew

Bbn-cp-∂p', (]pd: 12:40) as‰mcp

ÿeØv Cu Ime-K-W-\-bn¬

\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-ambn A-_-lm-

an\v btlmh \¬Inb Hcp Acp-f-

∏m-Sn¬ Ckm-tb-en-Iƒ CuPn-

]vXn¬ \m∂qdv h¿jw a¿±n-°-s∏-

Sp -sa∂v ]h-Nn -°-s∏-´ -Xmbpw

ImWp-∂p-≠v. "Ah¿ AhnsS ASn-

a-I-fm-bn-cn°pw \m∂q-dp-h¿jw a¿±n-

°-s∏Spw' (D¬: 15:13). F¥m-bmepw

70 t]cmbn CuPn-]vXn¬ ]th-in®

CuPn-]vXnse tamsi

Ck-tb-en-Iƒ 4 \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v

tijw Imem-ƒ S-∑m¿ Xs∂ Bdp-

e-£-ambn h¿≤n-®-Xmbn ss_

_nƒ ]d-bp-∂p. "At∏mƒ tamsi

]d™p: "Fs‚ IqsS-bp≈ Imem-

fns‚ kwJy Bdp-e£w' (kwJy

11:210). as‰m-cp-ÿ-eØv "Ccp-]Xv

hb p apX¬ ta¬t]m´p ]mb-ap-

≈h-cp-ambn FÆ-s∏´ ]pcp-j-∑m¿

Bdp -e -£Øn aqhm -bn -cØn

A™q-‰-ºXv' (kwJy 1:46) F∂p

ImWmw. IuXp-I-c-amb kwKXn 430

h¿j-°me Øn\p-≈n¬ \mep Xe-

ap-d-Iƒ sIm≠mWv Cu hºn® P\-

kwJym kvt^mS\w kw`-hn-®Xv

F∂mWv ss__nƒ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

]pd-∏mSv 14 apX¬ 26 hsc-bp≈

hwim-hen ]´nI ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬

bmt°m-_n s‚ \memw Xe-ap-d-bn-

emWv tamsi P\n-®-sX∂v Im-Wmw.

D¬-]Øn 15:16bnepw CuPn]vXv

]th-i-\-Øn\v tijw \memw Xe-

ap-d-bn-emWv ]pd-∏mSv kw`-hn-®-

sX∂v ImWmw. AXm-bXv CuPn-

]vXn¬ ]th-in® 70 Ckm-tb-ey¿

430 h¿jw sIm≠v \memw Xe-ap-d-

°m-eØv Bdp-e-£-Øn-e-[n-I-ambn

s]cpIn F∂v ImWp-∂p. Cu

hkvXp-X-I-fnse ]q¿∆m-]-c-ssh-cp-

≤y-ßsf∏‰nbpw bp‡n-sb-∏-‰nbpw

ss_-_nƒ ]fin-X-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬

Xs∂ [mcmfw A`n-]mb hyXym-

k-ß-fp≠v.

C\n \ap°v tamsi-bpsS Ncn-

X-Øn-te°v hcmw. ]pcm-X\ CuPn-

]vXnse tKmj-\nse Hcp tehy (]p-

tcm -ln -X) IpSpw -_-Øn -emWv

tamsi P\n-®-Xv. "tehy--cpsS IpSpw-

_-߃ Aavdmw Xs‚ ]nXr-k-tlm-

Z-cn- tbmsI s_Zns\ hnhmlw

sNbvXp. Abmƒ°v Ah-fn¬ Al-

tdm\w tamsibpw ]nd -∂p.

(]pd:6:20) tamsi F∂ lo_p-

hm°ns‚ Ko°v D®m-c-W-amWv

tamk v (Moses). tamsi-sb-∏‰n

ss__n-fn\p ]pdsa blq-Z-N-cn-X-

Im-c-∑m-cmb tPmk-^-kpw, ntem-

bpw bp-tk-_n-bkpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-

bn-´p≈ Imcy-߃ IuXp-I-I-c-am-

Wv. Ah-bn¬ NneXv C]Im-c-am-Wv

tamsisb \Zn-bn¬ \n∂pw Is≠-

SpØ ^tdm-h-bpsS ]pXn-bpsS

t]¿ X¿ap-Xnkv F∂m-Wv. CuPn-

]vjy≥ kvXoIƒ ape-sIm-Sp-Øm¬

tamsi IpSn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. cmP-Ip-

amcn Hcn-°¬ dthmbpsS IncoSw

tamsi blq-Z-\m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂ Nne bqtdm-]y≥ ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS

hmZw ss__n-fn-s‚bpw Jp¿-B-s‚bpw ]mT-߃s°-Xn-cm-Wv.

tamsi Ckm-tben ]hm-N-I-\m-sW-∂-Xn∂v Jp¿-B≥ i‡-amb

sXfn-hp-Iƒ \¬Ip∂p

F.-Fw. apl-ΩZv kenw

CuPn-]vXnse Ckmtb¬ P\-XbpsS hmkw:ss__n-fn -s‚bpw Jp¿-B-s‚bpw kao-]-\߃ ˛ 4.

455

24 kXyZqX≥

inip-hns‚ Xe-bn¬ sh®p. tamsi

AXv X´n Xmsg C´p Nhn-´n°-f-

™p. FtXym-]y-s°-Xnsc CuPn

]vXv \S-Ønb Hcp bp≤w tamsi-

bmWv \bn-®-Xv. hnP-b-io-em-fn-X-

\mb tamsi GtXym-]y≥ cmPm-

hns‚ aIƒ X¿_nkv cmP-Ip-am-

cnsb hnhmlw Ign-®p. tamsi hn-

hmlw Ign® Cu FtXym-]y≥

kXosb-°p-dn®v ss__nƒ kwJy

12:1 epw ]cma¿iw ImWmw. - tamsi-

bpsS CuPn-]vjy≥ t]cv Hkm¿kn-

^v. P∑-ÿew lnen-b-t]m-eo-kv.

CuPn]vX,v Ko-kv, Ako-dn-b, I¬Zm-

b-\mSv F∂n-hn-S--ß-fn¬ hnZym-

`ymkw \n¿∆-ln-®p. tamsi-bpsS

A¥yw taL-Øn¬ ad-™n- m-bn-cp-

∂p-sh∂pw Ah-cpsS hnh--c-W-ß-

fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. In. ap.

aq∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn® at‰tXm

]ptcm-ln-X≥ Hcp Ncn-X-Im-c≥

IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw ]d-bp-

∂Xv Hkm¿kn^v F∂ tamsi-

bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-¬ Iem]w \-S-

Øn-bXv CuPn-]vXns‚ DØ-cm-

Xn¿Øn-bn¬ ]m¿Øn-cp∂ IpjvT

tcm-Kn-Ifpw a‰pw Bbn-cp∂p F∂m-

bn-cp∂p. Ahsc Aan-t\m-^nUv

F∂ tdmh kndn-b-bn-te°v \mSp

IS-Øn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Cß

s\ sFXn-lyhpw Ncn-Xhpw Xncn-

®-dn-b-s∏-SmØ coXn-bn¬ tamsi

sb∏‰n ]e ]Xn-]m-Z-\-ß-fpw a‰p

]e KŸ-ß-fnepw ImWp-∂p≠v.

ss__n-fn\pw Jp¿-B\pw hncp-

≤-ambn tamsi Ckm-tben hwi-

P-\m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw Hcp CuPn-

]vjy≥ cmP-Ip-am-c-\mb At±-l-

Øns‚ NcnXw blq-Z-h-Xv°-cn-°p-

I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-sX∂pw \nc-h[n

]m›mXy Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ I-cp-Xp-

∂p. temI-]-i-kvX-\mb a\-

imkvX hni-I-e\ hnZ-Kv[\pw

blq-Z-aX ]fin-X\pw blq-Z-\p-

amb knKva≠v t^mbnUv Cu

ho£-W-K-Xn-bn¬ Fgp-Xnb ]i-

kvX-amb KŸ-am-Wv 'Moses andMonotheism'. Cu hmZw ÿm]n-

°m≥ At±lw ]e sXfn-hp-Ifpw

D∂-bn-°p-∂p-≠v.

tamsi-°pw \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°v

aptº blq-Z -a -Xm-Nm-c -]-Imcw

A_-lm-an¬ \n∂pw ssZhw

hmßnb DS-º-Sn-bn¬ ]d™ A\p-

jvTm-\-amWv ]cn-tO-Z-\-tb¬°¬

(tN-em-I¿Ωw) Dev]Øn : 17¬ AXv

hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. \nb-a-Zm-Xm-hmbn

blq-Zn-Iƒ Icp-Xp∂ tamsi°pw

FXtbm aptº blq-Zn-Iƒ°n-S-bn-

ep≈ AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb Hcp aXm-

Nm-c-amWv ]cn-tO-Z-\-tb¬°¬.

B¨ Ip´n P\n-®m¬ 8˛mw \mfn¬

blp-Zn-Iƒ B I¿aw \n¿∆-ln-°p-

∂p. tamsi blq-Z-\√ F∂v ÿm

]n-°m≥, CuPn-]vjy≥ sIm´m-c-

Øn¬ ]m¿Ø At±lw ]cn-tO-Z-

\-tb-‰n- n√ F∂v hmZn-°p-∂-h-cp-≠v.

kz¥w ]pX\v ]cn-tO-Z\ I¿Ωw

\n¿∆-ln -°m-Ø-Xns‚ t]cn¬

ssZhw tamsisb h[n-°m≥ ian®

Hcp kw`hw ss__n-fn¬ hnh-cn-

®Xv Nne ]fin-X-∑m¿ D≤-cn-°m-

dp-≠v. ss__nƒ hnh-cWw C]-Im-

c-am-Wv. "CuPn-]vXn-te-°p≈ bmXm-

at≤y Hcp hgn-Øm-h-f-Øn¬ h®p

I¿Ømhp tamsisb h[n-°m≥

`mhn-®p. At∏mƒ knt∏mdm (tam-

si-bpsS `mcy) Hcp I¬Noƒ FSp

Øp Xs‚ ]pXs‚ AK-N¿Ωw

apdn®v AXv tamsi-bpsS ]mZ-Øn¬

sXmSp-hn-®p-sIm-≠p-]-d™p: \o

F\n°pw c‡ aW-hm-f≥ BIp

∂p! At∏mƒ Ah≥ tamsisb

hns´m-gn-™p. ]cn-tO-Z\w \nanØw

"\o Hcp c‡-aWhm-f≥ BWv'

F∂v Ahƒ ]d-™Xv At∏mƒ

Bbn-cp∂p (]p-d-∏mSv : 4:24-˛26)

G‰hpw ][m-\-s∏´ Hcp blp-

Zm-Nmcw ad-∂p-t]mb tamsi blq-

Z-hw-i-P-\m-bn-cp -∂n√ F∂mWv

t^mbn-Un t\-t∏m-se-bp≈ ]fin-

X∑m-cpsS \nK-a-\w. hmkvX-h-Øn¬

kw`-h-_-lp-e-ambncp∂p tamsi-

bpsS Pohn-Xw. CuPn-]vXn¬ sh®v

A_-≤-him¬ Hcp sIme-]m-XIw

\S-Øn. anZn-b-\n-te°v HmSnt∏mhp-

Ibpw AhnsS ]hm-k-Po-hn-X-Øn-

\n-S-bn¬ hnhmlw Ign-°p-Ibpw

]pX-\p-≠m-Ip-Ibpw ho≠pw CuPn-

]vXn-te°v aStß≠n hcn-Ibpw sN-

øp-tºm-gmWv ]kvXpX kw`-hw.

CXn-\n-S°v ]pX\v ]cn-tO-Z-\-

tb¬°m≥ ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-Itbm

Ah-kcw HØp-tN-cm-Ø-Xn-\m¬

\n¿∆-ln-°m≥ Ign-bp-Itbm D≠m-

bn√ F∂p thWw Icp -Xm≥.

C°mcyw Z¿i-\-cq-]-Øntem at‰m

ssZhw tamsisb Hm¿Ωs∏-Sp-Øn

bXmbn-cn-°mw ]kvXpX kw`hw˛

A√msX ]cn-tO-Z\ I¿Ω-sØ∏‰n

tamsi Adn-bm-ØXv sImt≠m,

At±lw blqZn A√m -Ø-Xp -

sImt≠m Bbn-cn-°m≥ km[y-X-bn-

√. amX-a√ bh\ kzm[o-\-Øns‚

\mfp-I-fn¬ blq-Zn-Iƒ Xs∂ ]cn-

tO-Z\ Dt]-£n-®-Xmbn ImWmw.

a¿±-I-\mb kndn-b≥ skep-knkv

cmPmhv A¥n-bm-°kv F∏n-^-\m-

kns‚ ImeØv (In.-ap. 174-˛164)

blq-Zn-Iƒ°v ]cn-tO-Z\w \ntj-[n-

®n-cp-∂Xmbpw \ap°v ImWmw. ASn-

a-Po-hnXw \bn-®n-cp∂ ]cn-an-X-amb

kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ blq-Zn-Iƒ ]cn-

tO-Z-\-tb¬°m-ØXv Ckm-tb-en-

b-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠m-sW∂ hmZ-

tØmSv tbmPn-°m-\m-hn-√.

tamsi°v Hcp \q‰m≠v aptº

CuPn]vXv `cn-®n-cp∂ AJn-t\-X≥

^tdm-h-bpsS GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw

AJn-t\-Xs‚ ]n≥Km-anbmb CuPn-

]vjy≥ c-Wm-[n-Imcn F∂ \ne°v

]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv tamsi

sNbvX-sX∂v tamsi blq-Z-\√

F∂v hmZn-°p-∂-h¿ D∂-bn-°p-∂p.

17 h¿jw CuPn]vXv cn-®n´pw AJn-

t\-Xs‚ GI-ssZ-h-kn-≤m¥w Cu-

Pn-]vXn¬ ]cm-P-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. AJn-

t\-Xs\ sIm´m-c-hn-π-h-Øn-eqsS

h[n-°p-Ibpw AXn-\p-tijw Cu

Pn-]vXp-Im¿ ho≠pw ]mIr-X-a-X-Øn-

te°v Xncn-®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

CuPn-]vXp-Im¿ \ncm-I-cn® B

GI-ssZ-h-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-kw

]n¬°me CuPn-]vjy≥ cmP-Ip-am-

456

252006 \hw-_¿

c-\mb tamkkv ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°p-

I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv C°q-´¿

hmZn-°p-∂-Xv. CuPn-]vXpIm¿ Xs‚

ZuXyw \ncm-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ A∂v

CuPn-]vXn¬ ASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp∂

Ckm-tb-en-I-fn¬ tamsi Cu

hnizmkw ]N-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]Icw

A-h¿°v tamN\w hmKvZm\w sNøp-

Ibpw sNbvXp-, Aßs\ tamsi

kzbw Ckm-tb-en-b-\mbn amdp-I-

bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv t^mbn-Un-

t‚bpw Iq -cp-tSbpw hmZw. amX-a√

tamsi-°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ kwkm-c-ssh-

Ieyw (Speech defect) At±lw

Ckm-tb-ep-Im-c-\-√mØXn\m-ep≈

lo_p-`m-jm-]-cn-⁄m-\-Øns‚

Ipd-hmWv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-sX∂pw

blq-Zn -I-fp -ambn kwh-Zn -°m≥

th≠n lo_p-`mj ]cn-⁄m-\-ap-

≈, lmdqs\ klm-bn-bm-°n-bXv

Cu sk-an-‰n -t°Xc ]mc-ºcyw

sIm≠m-sW∂pw t^mbnUv hmZn-

°p-∂p.

CXv hkvXp-Xm-]-c-ambn sX‰m-

sW∂v ImWmw. ImcWw tamsi

^tdm-h-tbmSp kwkm-cn-°m≥ t]m-

hm≥ ssZh-I-ev]-\-bp-≠m-b-t∏m-

gmWv kwkm-c-ssh-I-ey-Øns‚

]iv\w D∂-bn-°p-∂Xv C--°mcyw

Jp¿ -B≥ 20:28epw 26:14 -epw,

ss__nƒ ]p-d∏mSv 4:10epw hnh-cn-

°p-∂p-≠v. At∏mƒ lo_ph√

Cu Pn-]vjy≥ `mj kwkm-cn-°m-

\mWv tamsi°v ]bm-kIcsa∂pw

hmZn-°m-at√m. hmkvX-h-Øn¬

At±-l-Øn\v Hgp-t°msS kwkm-cn-

°m-\p≈ kwkm-c-]-I-S\ sshI-

ey-am-bn-cn°mw D≠m-bn-cp -∂-Xv

A√msX ln_p-`mjm sshIey-

a√.

tamsi blq-Z-\√ F∂v ÿm]n-

°m≥ t^mbnUpw Iq´cpw ss_

_nƒ Xs∂ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n D∂-

bn-°p∂ as‰mcp sXfnhv tamsi-bp

sS\maw kw_-‘n-®p-≈Xm-Wv. "tam

si' F∂ t]cv Hcp CuPn-]v jy≥

\ma-am-sW-∂mWv Ah-cpsS hmZw.

CuPn-]vjy≥ \ma-ß-fmb dw

kokv (Ra-mose) XpXvtamkv (Thot-mose) F∂n-h-bnse tamkv (Mose)\v

CuPn-]vjy≥ `mj-bn¬ "Ip´n'

F∂mWv A¿∞w. Cw•o-jp-Im¿

tPm¨k¨ (Johnson) F∂v Fgp-

Xp∂Xv t]mse dwko-kn\v dma-

bpsS aI≥ F∂m-W¿∞w. AXp

t]mse-bp≈ CuPn-]vjy≥ \ma-am-

bn-cn°pw tamk-kn-t‚-sX-∂m-Wv

Ah-cpsS hmZw. tamsi-bpsS P\-

\m-\-¥c kw`-h-sØ-∏-‰nbpw \ma-

I-c-W-sØ∏‰nbpap≈ ss__nƒ

hnh-cWw F¥m-sW∂v t\m°mw.

"C°m-eØv tehn hwi-Ønse

Hcmƒ AtX-hw -i -Ønse Hcp

kvXosb `mcy-bmbn kzoI-cn-®p.

Ah¿ K¿`w [cn®p Hcp ]pXs\

]k-hn-®p. B inip Hma-\Øw

D≈-h≥ F∂p I≠-t∏mƒ Ahƒ

Ahs\ aq∂p-amkw Hfn-®p-h®p

C\nbpw Hfn-∏n-°pI Akm[yw

F∂p I≠p. Ahƒ Rmß-W-sIm-

≠p≈ Hcp s]´n-sbSpØv AXn¬

]ibpw Ioepw tX®p. Ahƒ Ah

s\ AXn¬ InSØn \Zo-Xn-cØp

Rmß-W-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ h®p. A\-

¥cw Ahs‚ ktlm-Zcn Ah\v

F¥p kw`-hn°mw F∂-dn-bm≥

Zqsc t\m °n \n∂p. At∏mƒ d-

thms‚ ]pXn \Zn-bn¬ Ipfn-°m≥

FØn. Ah-fpsS tXmgn-am¿ \Zo-Xo-

cØp IqSn \S-∂p. Rmß-W-Iƒ°n-

S-bn¬ Hcp s]´n I≠ cmP-Ip-amcn

AXv FSp-Øp-sIm≠v hcm≥ tXm

gnsb Ab®p. s]´n Xpd∂-t∏mƒ

Ahƒ B iniphns\ I≠p. AXm

B inip Ic-bp-∂p. Ahƒ a\- -

en™p ]d™p: "CXv Hcp F_m-

b-°p´n-bm-Wv. At∏mƒ B Ip´n-

bpsS ktlm-Zcn h∂p cmP-Ip-am-cn-

tbmSp tNmZn®p: "Cu Ip´nsb \n\-

°mbn ape sImSpØp hf¿Øm≥

Hcp F_mb kvXosb Iq´n-s°m

≠p hct´? At∏mƒ cmP-Ip-amcn

]d™p: ""t]mbn sIm≠p-hcq''

Ah¿ t]mbn Ip´n-bpsS AΩsb

Xs∂ Iq´n-s°m-≠p-h-∂p. cmP-Ip-

amcn B kvXotbmSp ]d-™p.

"Cu Ip´nsb sIm≠p-t]mbn

F\n°v th≠n ape sImSpØp hf

¿ØpI Rm≥ \n\°v Iqen Xcpw.'

Ahƒ Ip´nsb Iq´n -s°m-≠p-

t]mbn ape-sIm-SpØp hf¿Øn. Ip

´n hf¿∂p. AΩ Ahs\ cmP-Ip-

am-cn-bpsS ASp-Øp-sIm≠p sN∂p.

Ahƒ°v Ah≥ ]pX≥ Bbn.

Ahƒ Ah\p tamsi F∂v t]cn-

´p. ImcWw Ahƒ ]-d™p: "Rm≥

Ahs\ sh≈-Øn¬ \n∂pw s]m

°n FSp-Ø-XmW-t√m. (]pd: 2:1 10)

"tamsi' F∂Xv bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ Hcp lo_p-\maw Xs∂-bm-

sW∂v `mjm-]-fin-X-∑m¿ ]d-bp-

∂p. "samsi-bpsS' Ko°v cq-]-amWv

tamk-kv'. ss__nƒ hnh-c-W-

Øn¬ \maI-c -W-tØm-sSm∏w

Xs∂ B ]Z-Øns‚ \ncp-‡hpw

]d-™n-´p-≠v. "sh≈-Øn¬ \n∂pw

s]m°n-sb-Sp-Ø-h≥' F∂ \ncp-‡-

]-c-amb, \njv]Øn. t^mbnUv ]d-

bp-∂Xpt]m-se-b-√, F_mb Ip´n-

bmsW∂ ]q¿Æ t_m≤y-tØm-sS-

bmWv cmP-Ip-amcn Ip™n \v t]cn-

Sp-∂Xv F∂v ss__nƒ hnh-c-W-

Øn¬ \n∂v hy‡-am-Wv. tamsi-

bpsS bYm¿∞ AΩsbØs∂

cmP-Ip-amcn Xncn-®-dn-bp∂Xmbn

ss__nƒ kqN\ \¬Ip∂p.

lo_p mj-bp-tSbpw amXmhpw,

aqe- m-j-bp-amb Ad-_n- m-j-bnepw

"aqk' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ sh≈-

Øn¬ \n∂pw FSp -°-s∏-´Xv

BsW-∂mWv CXv kw_-‘n®v

Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv c≠m-as‚

The Holy Quran with EnglishTranslation and Commentry bn¬

]d-bp∂-Xv:

"tamkkv' F∂Xv bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ Hcp lo_p-\m-a-am-Wv. lo

_p-hn¬ "tamsi' F∂mWv Fgp-Xp-

Ibpw D-®-cn -°p-Ibpw sNøpI.

A¿∞w "sh≈-Øn¬ \n∂pw hen-

s®-Sp-°-s∏-´-Xv.' efn-X-ambn ]d-

™m¬ "hen-s®-Sp-°-s∏-´Xv' (A

457

26 kXyZqX≥

thing drawn out) (Ency Bible). "Rm≥

Ahs\ sh≈-Øn¬ \n∂pw

s]m°n FSp-Ø-Xm-Wt√m' (]pd:

2:10) F∂v tamk-kns‚ \ma-sØ-

°p-dn®v tdm-h-bpsS ]pXn ]d-bp-

∂-Xn-\m¬ ss__n-ƒ Xs∂ B

\maØns‚ A¿∞-Øns‚ ]tXy-

I-Xsb ]n¥p-W-°p-∂p. Cu sbmcp

]Z-\n-jv]-Øn-bpsS ]n¥pW Ad-

_n-`mjbnepw ImWmw. lo_p-`m-

jbpw cq]w sIm≠Xv Ad-_n-bn¬

\n∂m-W-t√m. Ad-_n-Iƒ "Auio

ssiA≥' Ah≥ H∂ns\ hen-s®-

SpØp As√-¶n¬ "_m°n-sb-SpØp'

(A-Jvd-_v) F∂v ]d-bm-dp -≠v.

(P.114)

ss__nƒ ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS

as‰mcp ]T-\-coXn ]sØm-ºXmw

\q‰m-≠n¬ \ne-hn¬ h∂ tUmIyp-

sa‚dn kn≤m-¥sØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-

°n-bp≈ ]T-\-co-Xn-bm-Wv. (Documentary theory) sh¬tlm-k¨

F∂ ]fin-X-\mWv Cu coXn-bpsS

D]-PvRm-Xm-hv. ss__n-fnse ssi

enbpw `mjm-t`-Z-ßfpw D]-tbm-Kn-

®p≈ Ncn-X-]-T\ coXn-bm-Wn-Xv.

ssZhsØ "btlmh' sb∂pw

"Ftemlnw' F∂pw hnfn-°p∂

c≠v kc-Wn-Iƒ ss__n-fn-ep-s≠-

∂pw, CXv blq-Z¿°n-S-bnse hwi-

t`-Z-ß-tfbpw tZiob -]-tXy-I-X-I-

tfbpw Ime-L-´-tØbpw hyRvPn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂pw CXns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn¬ b-lq-ZN-cnXw ]p\-∏-

cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp-s≠∂pw Cu

kn≤m¥w ]d-bp -∂p. In. ap.

HºXmw \q‰m-≠nse "bmlvhnÃv'

AYhm "btlmh' (Jehova) F∂v

ssZhsØ hnfn-°p-∂-h-cpsS ss_

_nƒ tcJ-Isf 'J' tUmIyp-sa≥dv

F∂pw In.-ap. F-´mw-\q-‰m-≠nse

ssZhsØ "Ftemlnw' 'Elohim'F∂v hnfn-°p-∂-h-cpsS ss__nƒ

tcJ-Isf 'E' tUmIyp-sa‚p F∂p

amWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. -CuPn]vXn¬

tamsi-bpsS IqsS amXam-bn-cp-

∂n√ blq-Zn-Iƒ ]m¿Øn-cp-∂Xv.

"Hcp hn`mKw blq-Zn-Iƒ A°m-

eØv I\m≥tZ-iØp D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-

sh∂pw tUmIyp-sa‚dn kn≤m¥

Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ ]d-bp-∂p. tamsi-

bpsS ]mc-ºcyw ssZhsØ "btlm

h! F∂v hnfn -°p-∂-h-cpsS 'J'tUmIyp -sa‚ v ]mc-º-cy -am -Wv.

CuPn-]vXn¬ \n∂pw I\m-\n-te°v

h∂Xn-\p-tijw 'J' tUmIyp-sa≥dv

I\m-\n-ep≈ 'E' tUmIyp-sa≥dv

IqSn-°-e¿∂mWv ss__nƒ \n¿

Ωm-W-ap-≠m-b-Xv. Cu IqSn-t®-c-

ens\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv R tUmIyp-

sa‚p-I-fm-Wv (Redactor = kam-

l¿Øm-hv, kwtim-[-I≥) ]n∂oSv

Cu k¶-e\w IqSp-X¬ CuSp-‰-

Xm°nb-Xv. Bh¿Ø\ ]pkvX-I -

Im-e-L- -Ønse 'D' tUm Iyp-sa‚p

(Deuteronomy -In.-ap. 61), ]utcm-

lnXy kvtXmX-Ønse 'P' tUmIyp-

sa‚ v (priestly) tN¿°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-

≠m-b-sX∂v Cu kn≤m¥w ]d-

bp∂p.

(Xp-S-cpw)

458

272006 \hw-_¿

""P\-ß-sf-∏‰n Atlm

IjvSw! Ah-cpsS ASp-°¬ Hcp

dkqepw hcp-∂n-√, Ah¿ At±-

lsØ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw ]cn-l-kn-

°p -Ibpw sNømØ Ah-ÿ-

bn¬.''79

""(A√tbm P\-ßtf) \nß-

fpsS Bflm-°ƒ CjvS-s∏-SmØ

Imcy-hpw-sIm≠v \nß-fpsS ASp-

°¬ \ΩpsS dkq¬ h∂-t∏m-

sg√mw \n߃ Al-¶m-cn-I-fm-hp-

Ibpw Ah-cn¬ Nnesc \n߃ hym

P-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Nnesc sIm√m≥

ian-°p-I-bp-at√ sNbvXn-´p-≈Xv?''

F√m ssZh-\n-bp-‡cpw P\-ß-

fpsS \ntj-[-Øn∂pw ]cn-lm-k-

Øn∂pw Bt£-]-Øn\pw shdp-

∏n\pw e£y-am-hp-I-sb-∂Xv hnip

≤ Jp¿-B≥ hnfn-t®m-Xp-Ibpw

NcnXw km£yw hln-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXn-´p≈ Hcp ]c-am¿∞-am-Wv.

Fs¥-∂m¬, P\-߃ Ah-cpsS

A`o-jvS-Øn∂pw BK-l-Øn∂pw

tbmPn® \ne-bn-e√ B ssZh-\n-

bp-‡sc Is≠-Øp-∂-Xv. P\-߃

Ahsc kw_-‘n®v as‰mcp cq]-

amWv Xß-fpsS Xe-bn¬ hc®p-sh-

®n-´p-≈-Xv. B ssZh-\n-bp-‡-cm-

Is´, as‰mcp cq]-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXn-∂p≈

DZm-l-c-W-߃ sIm≠v hnip≤

Jp¿-B\pw a‰p aX-K-Ÿ-ßfpw

\nd™p InS-°p-I-bm-Wv. ChnsS

c≠p-Zm-l-c-W-߃ amXw FSpØp

ImWn-°mw.

Cukm\-_n, ako-lm-sW∂

hmZw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®t∏mƒ b-lq-Z¿

At±-lsØ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw

A]-l-kn-°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚

hmZsØ ITn-\-ambn FXn¿°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. Xß-fpsS KŸ-ß-

fn¬ hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ ako-ln-s\-∏‰n

Nne AS-bm-f-߃ Fgp-X-s∏-´n-´p-

s≠∂pw B AS-bm-f-ß-f-\p-k-cn-

®√ At±lw h∂n´p≈sX∂pw

Ah¿ hmZn-®p. DZm-l-c-W-am-bn,

ako-lns‚ BK-a-\-Øn\v apºmbn

C¬bmkv\_n BIm-i -Øn¬

\n∂v Cdßnh-cp-sa∂pw AXn-\p-

tij-ta akolv hcnIbp≈p-sh

∂pw ]-g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse aem-Jn-bn¬

]d-™n- p-≈-Xns\ (a-emJn \memw

A≤ymbw 5˛mw hN-\w) Ah¿

Nq≠n-°m-´n. F∂m¬ C¬bmkv

\_n BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v h∂n- p-≠m-

bn-cp-∂n-√. (a-Ømbn 17, 10). AXp-

t]m-seØs∂ akolv Hcp cmPm-

hm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw At±lw aptJ\

X߃°v hºn® km-amPyw ssIh-

cp-Ibpw \jvS-s∏- p-t]mb Xß-fpsS

]Xm]w ]p\xÿm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNøp-sa∂pw At±lw iXp-°-fp-

ambn bp≤w-sNbvXp Ah sc D∑q-

e\w sNøp-sa-∂p-ap≈ hm KvZm-\-

ßsf Ah¿ FSpØp ImWn-°p-

Ibpw B Imcy-߃ \nd-th-dn-bn-´n-

söp ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kphn-

ti-j-߃ t\m°p-I.)

CXn\v Cukm-\_n F¥p adp-

]-Sn-bmWv \¬In-bXv? C¬bmkv

\_n BIm-iØp \n∂v Cd-ßn-h-

cp-sa∂v ]d-™-Xns‚ Dt±iyw At±-

l-Øns‚ Hcp kZr-i≥ hcp-sa-∂m-

sW∂pw AXp h∂p-I-gn™ blv-

bm-\-_n-bm-sW-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p At±

lw ]d-™-Xv. (a-Ømbn 11-˛14).

`cWm-[n-Im-csØ kw_-‘n®p

AXp euIn-I- -c-W-a-söpw t\sc-

a-dn®v B≤ym-flnI `c-W-am-sW

∂pw At±lw hymJym-\n-®p. ]t£,

blq-Z¿ B hymJym-\-߃ kΩ-

Xn-®n-√. Ah¿ _mlym¿∞-Øn¬

Øs∂ iTn-®p-\n-∂p. AXp-t]m-se,

Xm≥ aqkm-\-_n-bm¬ hmKvZm\w

ssZh-\n-bp-‡¿ ITn-\-ambnFXn¿°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-¥vsIm≠v?

lZvdØv an¿km _io¿ AlvaZv

BK-X-cm-Ip∂ ]hm-N-I-∑m-sc-]‰n Be-¶m-cn-Im¿∞-Øn-ep≈ ]h-N-\-߃

A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ ]pe-c-W-sa∂v iTn-®p-sIm-≠mWv P\-߃

]hm-N-I-∑msc ]q¿∆-Im-e-ß-fn¬ \ntj-[n-®-Xv.

459

28 kXyZqX≥

sNø-s∏- n- p≈ AtX ]hm-N-I-\m-

sW∂v \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n(-k.A) hmZn-

®-t∏m-gpw, B ]hm-N-Is‚ AS-bm-

f-߃ C∂n∂Xm-sW∂pw Ah

\_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bn¬ ImWp∂ns√

∂pamWv Alvep¬ InØm_v ]d-

™-Xv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, B ]hm-

N-I≥ _\p Ckm-bo-en¬ \n∂p≈

B-fm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw F∂m¬ \_n-

Xn-cp-ta\n _\qC-kvam-bo-en¬ \n

∂p≈ Bfm-sW∂pw a‰pw Ah¿

]d-™p. ta¬]-d™ kwK-Xn-I-

fn¬ \n∂v, AS-bm-f-ßsf kw_-

‘n® X¿°w ]pXn-b-X-s√∂pw

AXv ]g-bXpw Npcp-ßn-b-]£w

c≠m-bncw sIm√w apºp-ap-X¬t°

\S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xp-am-sW∂pw a\- n-

em-°m≥ Ign-bpw. AXn-\m¬, Cu

ImcyØn¬ \mw Icp-X-tem-Sp-Iq-Sn-

bn-cn-t°-≠Xv AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.

_≤-s∏´v \ntj-[-Øn-te°v IpXn-

°p-∂Xv icn-b-√. A√m-lp-hns‚

]°¬ \n∂p≈ GsX-¶nepw AS-

bm-f-߃ \nßsf ]co£--n-°m≥

th≠n-bp-≈-X-s√∂v \n߃°v

Fßs\ Adn-bm≥ km[n°pw?

AXp-sIm≠v kq£n-®p-sIm-≈p-I,

PmK-cq-I-cm-bn-cn-°pI. aXn-a-d∂

Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \n߃ ]co-£-bn¬

AIs∏SpIbpw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNøm-Xn-cn-°-s´. blq-Z¿°v Cu

Imcy-Øn¬ CS¿® ]‰p-Ibpw Ah¿

\ntj-[n-®p-sIm≠v ssZh-tIm-]-

Øn\v ]mX-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-

°p-∂p. AXp-t]mse \n߃ \ntj-

[n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \n߃ blq-

Z-tc-°mƒ IqSp-X-embn in£bv°v

A¿l-cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. Imc

Ww Ahc-psS apºn¬ Ah¿s°m

cp A\p- -h-km-£y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

\n߃°m-sW-¶n¬ blq-Z-∑m-cpsS

hy‡-amb A\p- -h-km £yw apºn-

ep-≠v. GsXm-cp-h≥ A\p-`-h-km-

£y-Øns‚ shfn-®-ap-≠m-bn´pw

CS¿®bv°v hiw-h-Z-\m-hp-∂pthm

Ah≥ \n›-b-ambpw IqSp-X¬

in£m¿l-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.

hmb-\-°m¿ Hcp Imcyw IqSn

\√-Xp-t]mse Btem-Nn-t°-≠-Xp-

≠v. AXm-bXv hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´

GsX-¶nepw Hcm-sf-∏‰n P\-߃

[cn-®n-cn-°p∂ F√m AS-b-f-߃

°pw tbmPn-®-\n-e-bn¬ ISp-I-fhv

hyXym-k-an-√msX At±lw hcp-I-

bm-sW-¶n¬, At±-lsØ \ntj-[n-

°m≥ B¿s°-¶nepw Ign-bp-sa∂v

_p≤n kΩ-Xn-°p-I-bn-√. t\sc adn-

®v, At±-lsØ I≠ DS≥Xs∂

AXmWv hmKvZm-\w- sN-ø-s∏´ B

sf∂v P\-߃ Xncn-®-d-bp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Hcmƒ°pw \ntj-[n-°m≥ ]gp-Xp-

≠m-hpIbn√. F∂m¬ \mw ImWp-

∂Xpw hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp-

∂Xpw A√m-lp-hn-\m¬ \ntbm-Kn-

°-s∏´ F√m-hcpw P\-ß-fpsS

\ntj-[-Øn\v ]mX-am-hp-sa-∂m-Wv.

Ncn-Xhpw C-Xn∂v km£yw hln-

°p-∂p. ]tXy-In®v akolv auDu-

Zns\ kw_-‘n®v Nne cnhm-b-Øp-

I-fn¬ At±lw AXn-I-Tn-\-ambn

\ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-sW∂pw A

t±lw Im^ndpw ap¿Ø-±p-ambn Icp-

X-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-sW∂pw ]kvXm-hn-°-

s∏- n- p-≠v. (lpP-Pp¬ Indm-ax) Cu

ÿnXn-bn¬, akolv auDuZpw

]gb ]Xn-h-\p-k-cn®v P\-߃ Ah-

cpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ hn`m-h\ sNbv

Xn-cn-°p∂ cq]-Øn\v ]q¿Æ-ambpw

tbmPn® \ne-bn-e-√m-sXbpw C∂n

∂ AS-bm-f-߃ At±-l-Øn¬ \nd-

th-dn-bn-´n-s√∂v tXm∂-Ø° hn[-

Øn-ep-am-bn-cn-°Ww ]Xy-£-s∏-tS-

≠-sX∂v kΩ-Xn-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. Fs¥-∂m¬ hcm-\n-cn-°p∂

Bƒ P-\-߃ [cn-®p-sh-®n-´p-ff

F√m AS-bm-f-ß-tfm-Sp-wIqSn hcp-

I--bm-sW-¶nepw At±-l-Øn¬ Im

W-s∏-SmØ Hcp AS-bm-fhpw _m

°n-bn-√m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶nepw

P\-߃ At±-lsØ \ntj-[n-°p-

Ibpw ]cn-l-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-

sb-∂Xv Fßs\ kw`-hy-am-Ipw?

F¥v, X߃ [cn-®p-sh-®n-´p≈

F√m AS-bm-f-ßfpw Hs∂m-gn -

bmsX hy-‡-ambn I≠-Xn-\p-ti-

jhpw Hcp hmZnsb \ntj-[n-°p-

hm≥ P\-ß-fpsS Xe-bn¬ shfn-®-

an-√m-Xm-bn-t∏m-Ip-sat∂m?

Npcp -°-Øn¬, Hcp -`m -K -Øv,

F√m ssZh-\n-bp-‡cpw \ntj-[n-°-

s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-sW∂ XØzw hnip≤

Jp¿-B≥ aptJ\ Jfin-X-ambn a\-

n-em-Ip-∂p. akolv auDuZv \ntj-

[n-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂v ]tXy-I-ambn Nne

cnhm-b-Øp-I-fn¬ ]kvXm-hn-°-s∏-

Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. adp-`m-K-

Øv, Hc-phmZn P\-ß-fpsS k¶-ev]-

Øn\pw ]Xo-£-bv°p-sa-Xn-cmb \n

e-bnepw At±-l-Øn¬ C∂n∂ e

£-W-߃ ImWp-∂n-s√∂pw C∂n

∂ AS-bm-f-߃ \ndthdn-bn-´n-s√

∂pw P\-߃°v ]d-bm≥ ]gp-Xp-

≠m-hp∂ hn[-Ønepw hcp-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ amXta At±lw \ntj-[n-°-

s∏-Sm-\n-S-bp-≈p-sh∂v _p≤n \ap°v

a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

AXn-\m¬, P\-ß-fpsS Nne ]Xo-

£-Iƒs°-Xn-cmb \ne-bn¬ ako

lv auDuZv ]Xy-£-s∏-tS-≠Xv

AXym-h-iy-am-sW∂v sXfn-™p.

as‰mcp hn[-Øn¬ ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬, akolv auDu-Zns\ kw_-

‘n®v a‰p Nne AS-bm-f-ß-tfm-Sp-

Iq-Sn-Øs∂ ]d-b-s∏- n- p≈ Hc-S-bm-

f-am-Wv, At±-lsØ kw_-‘n®v

P\-߃ [cn-®p-sh®n-´p≈ Nne

AS-bm-f-߃ Ah-cpsS [mc-Wbv

°pw A`o-jvS-Øn-\p-a-\p-kcn® \ne-

bn¬ ]q¿Øn-bm-hp-I-bn-s√-∂p-≈-Xv.

CXn-\pw-]p-d-sa, as‰mcp Imcyw-

IqSn i≤n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AXm-b-Xv,

klo-lmb lZo-kp-I-fn¬ akolv

auDu-Zn∂p l°w F∂pw AZv¬

F∂pw t]¿ \¬I-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xmbn

ImWp-∂p. l°-ans‚ A¿∞w A`n-

]m-b- n-∂-X-Isf kw_-‘n®p hn[n-

I-ev]n-°p∂ Bƒ F∂pw AZv

ens‚ A¿∞w \o-Xn-]q¿∆w hn[n-

I-ev]n-°p∂ Bƒ F∂p-am-Wv.

AXn-\m¬, apI-fn¬ ]d-™-Xp-

t]mse akolv auDu-Zns‚ ][m\

]hr-Øn-I-fn-sem-∂p l°-am-hp-I,

(-tijw 37˛mw t]Pn¬)

460

292006 \hw-_¿

47

aX-]-cn-XymKn h[m¿l-\mtWm?

aX-tem-IØv Cu hnjbw

]nt∂bpw Hcp N¿®m-hn-j-b-am-bn-cn-

°-bm-Wv. GXm≠v ]¥≠v sIm√-

߃°v apºp A^vKm-\n-ÿm-\n¬

\n∂pw A_vZp-d-lvam≥ F∂ Hcmƒ

InkvXp aXw Ah-ew-_n®p \mSp-

hn´p. ]n∂oSv At±-lhpw IpSpw-

_hpw A vKm-\n-ÿm-\n¬ Xncn-s®-

Øn. AhnsS \n∂pw At±-lsØ

ico-AØv tImSXn ]nSn-Iq-Sp-Ibpw

h[n-°m≥ hn[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

bmYm-ÿn-XnI ]utcm-ln-Xz-Øn

s‚ A`n-]m-bamWv Ckvemw aXw

amdn-b-hs\ h[n-°-Wsa∂-Xv. Ckv

emw aXw Dt]-£n-®p InkvXp-aXw

kzoI-cn -®-Xn -\p≈ in£-bmWv

A^vKm-\n-ÿm-\n¬ CXv \S-∏m-

°m≥ t\m°n -b-Xv . ]m›mXy

InkvXy≥ \mSp-Ifn¬ CXp hfsc

H®-∏m-Sp-≠m-°n. ]e cmjvS-Ø-e-h-

∑mcpw Cu Imcy-Øn¬ CS-s]´v

A^vKm-≥ `c-W-I¿Øm°tfmSv

At±-lsØ shdp-sX -hn-Sm≥ Bh-

iy-s∏-´p. HSp-hn¬ Ata-cn-°-bn¬

\n∂p _pjv Xs∂ A^vKm≥

]kn-U≠v I¿km-bnsb t\cn¬

hnfn®psh-∂mWv Adn-hv. At±-l-

Øn\v am\-knI-tcm-K-ap-≈-Xp-sIm

≠v shdp-sX-hn-Sp-Ibm-sW∂v ]-d

™v At±-lØns‚ h[-in£ d±m-

°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Cu kw`-h-

Øn-\p-tijw a≤y-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬

apkvenwI-tfmSp bp≤w sNbvX Hcp

cmPm-hns‚ Nne D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ tN¿

Øp sIm≠p Ckvemw hmfm≥ ]

Ncn-∏n® aX-am-sW∂v t]m∏v s_\-

UnIvSv ]Xn-\m-dma\pw Ckvemans\

hna¿in-®p. AXn\p apºp-≠mb

Im¿´q¨ hnhm-Z-Øns‚ NqSpw ]pI

bpw sI -S-ßn-bn -p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.

CsX√mw tN¿∂v aX-temIw Iep-

jn-X-am-bnsIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv.

Cu teJ-\-Øn¬ aX-]-cn-Xym

Knsb sIm√m≥ Ckveman¬ h√

Iev] \bpw Dt≠m F∂p ]cn-tim-

[n°pI-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. ImcWw

\o-Xn-sb-°p-dn®pw a\p-jy-Xz-tØ-

°p-dn®pw am\y-amb kwkm-I-c-sØ-

°p-dn®pw Du∂n-]-d-bp∂ \oXn-am-

\mb hn[n-I¿Øm-hmb A√mlp

hns\ ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ aX-amWv

Ckvemw.- CkvemanI ktµiw a‰p-

≈-h-cn¬ FØn-°m≥ Hmtcm apkv

enapw ]Xn-⁄m-_-≤-cm-Wv. Aßn

s\ ]N-cWw \S-°p-tºmƒ a‰p aX-

ÿ¿ Ckveman¬ ]th-in-s®∂v

hcpw. At∏mƒ AXns‚ kt¥m

jw ]¶n-Sp∂ Hcp apkvenw Ckv

eman¬ \n∂v Hcmƒ InkvXp-a-X-

Ønte°v t]mIptºmƒ F¥p-

sIm≠p kln-°p-∂n-√? Ckveman-

te°v hcm-sa-¶n¬ Ckveman¬

\n∂pw t]mIm\pw A\p-h-Zn-t°-≠-

Xt√ F∂v kmam-\y-_p≤n \tΩm

Sp Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p.

hnip≤ Jp¿-B\pw kXy-k-‘-

cmb \nth-Z-I≥amcm¬ dnt∏m¿´v

sNbvX lZokv KŸ-ß-fpw ]cn-

tim-[n-®m¬ aX-]-cn-Xym-Kn°v Hcp

in£ \¬Im\pw Iev]n-°p-∂-

Xmbn ImWm≥ km≤y-a-√. CsX

√mw Ckvem-ans‚ hna¿i-I-cmb

]m›m-Xy-Nn¥-I-∑m-cpsSbpw Hm-dn-

b‚-en-Ãp-I-fp-tSbpw krjvSn-bm

tWm F∂v tNmZn-®m¬ A-Xn-t\m

Spw ]q¿Æ-ambn tbmPn-°m≥ ]‰n-

√. GsXmcp aXhpw AXns‚ Bcw-

-Im-eØv \oXn-am∑m-cmb ]fin-X-

∑m¿ AXns‚ h‡m-°-fm-bn-cn-°p-

t∂-S-tØmfw AXnse XXz-im-

kvX-߃ Ahn-I-e-ambn XpS-cpw.

]n∂oSv ]fin-X-∑msc \nb-¥n-

°p∂ `c-W-I¿Øm-°ƒ hcp -

tºmƒ Ah¿°v Bhiy-amb Nne

t`Z-K-Xn-Iƒ Cu ]fin--∑m-cpsS

klm-b-tØmsS aX-ß-fn¬ ]th-

in-®-Xmbn F√m aX-ßfpw ]cn-tim-

[n-®m¬ a\- n-em-Ipw. c-W-I¿Øm-

°-fpsS hymtam-l-߃ Ah¿ \nb-

a-]m-_eyw \¬In \S-∏n¬ hcp-

Ønb Nne DZm-l-c-W-߃ Ncn-X-

Øn¬ ImWmw. AØcw kw`-h-

߃ FSp-Øp-sIm-≠mWv Ckvem

ans\ hna¿in-°p-∂-Xv. t]m∏ns‚

hna¿i-\hpw AØ-c-Øn¬s∏-´Xv

Xs∂. A√msX hnip≤ Jp¿-B-

aX-kzm-X-¥y-Øn\v ]c-a-amb kzmX¥yw \¬Ip∂ Ckveman¬ aXw

hn´p-t]m-Ip-∂-hs\ sIm√p-sa∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv cmjvSo-bm- n-ap-Jy-ap≈

`oI-c-hm-Zn-I-fmb ap√-am-cm-Wv.

G.-]n. Ip™map

461

30 kXyZqX≥

\n¬ \nt∂m Xncp-l-Zo-kn¬ \n

t∂m Hcp sXfn-sh-SpØp sIm≠p

≈ hna¿i-\-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂n-√ At±

lw B[m-c-am-°n-b-Xv. ChnsS \mw

N¿® sNøp-∂X aX-]-cn-Xym-Knsb

h[n-°-W-sa∂ Iev]\ a[y-\q‰m

≠pI-fnse Nne apkvenw `c-W-

I¿Øm-°-fpsS CkvemanI hncp≤

Bi-bß-fpsS mK-amWv. Ch-cpsS

sNbvXn-I-ƒ bYm¿∞ Ckvemsa∂v

sX‰n-≤m-c-W- sIm≠mWv CXn\v

CXbpw ]Nmcw e`n-®-Xv.

Ct∏mƒ A\-lva-Zn-I-fpsS ]°

¬ Ala-Zn-Iƒ Ckveman-I-hr-Ø

Øn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øp-t]m-b-h-cmWv

Ah-scbpw h[n-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v

Xs∂-bm-Wv C°q-´-cpsS A`n-]m-

bw. Cubp-≈h≥ Alva-Znøm Pam-

A-Øn¬ AwKam-bn-tN¿∂Xn\p-

tijw ]e A\lv-aZo kp lr-Øp-

°fpw AXn¬ km[m-cW°mcpw

]fin-X-∑mcpw Dƒs]Spw, Ft∂mSv

Xs∂ t\cn¬ ]d-™n- p-≠v \n߃

CkvemanI Kh¨sa-≠ns‚ Iogn-

emWv Pohn-°p∂sX-¶n¬ \n߃

°v h[-in£ Xo¿®-bm-Wv. At∏m

ƒ Cu hnizmkw apkvenwI-fn¬

\s√mcp hn`m-K-Øn-t‚bpw hnizm-k-

am-Wv. apkvenwI-fn¬ Pnlm-Zns\

]‰nbpw Hcp `oIc k¶-ev]-ap-≠v.

Ct∏mgpw bmYm-ÿn-XnI B hnizm-

ksØ Xmtem-en-°p-∂p-≠v. apkv

enwIfnse CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ DK-hm-

Z-Øn-\pw, Xoh-hm-Z-Øn\pw hgn

sXfn-bn-®Xn¬ Cu a≤y-Ime a\-

ÿn-Xn-°m-cmb ]WvUn-X-∑m-cpsS

kw`m-h-\-Iƒ henb ]¶p hln-®n-

´p-≠v. Alva-Znøm PamA-Øns‚

ÿm]-I-cmb lZvdØv Alv-aZv

(A)-s‚ Xqen-I-bpsS kv]µ-\-amWv

apkvenwIfpsS Pnlm-Zns\ kw_-

‘n® A\nkvemanI k¶-ev]-

߃°v Hc-f-thmfw XS-bn-Sm≥

km[n-®-Xv. amX-a√ Ah-cpsS k¶-

ev]-Ønse hmKvZØ alvZn-bpw,

ako-lp-sams° c‡-Zm-ln-I-fm--bn- m

Wv NnXo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Ahsc

kw_-‘n®p. ]h-N-\- m-j-bn-ep≈

Be-¶m-cn-I-amb Nne hnti-j-W-

߃ AtX-]Sn ]pe-cp-sa∂v Ah¿

hniz-kn-°p-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚

BK-at\mt±iw Xs∂, F√m Ahn-

izm-kn-I-tfbpw sIms∂mSp°n ssZ

ho-I- -cWw ÿm]n-°m-\mWv. ako-

lns‚ \nizm-k-Øn¬t]mepw Ahn-

izm-kn-Iƒ NØp HSp-ßp-sa∂mWv

hnizm-kn°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬

Ah¿°v ]h-Nn-°-s∏´ alvZn h∂-

t∏mƒ F√m-Xcw aX-bp-≤-߃°pw

Adp-Xn-h-cp-Øn-b-Xm-bmWv ]Jym-

]n-®-Xv. sIm s∂m-Sp-°p∂ alv-Zo-a-

kolv k¶ev]w apkvenwIsf Xoh-

hm-Z-ß-fn-te°v \bn-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-

am-bn. ImcWw al-vZo-a-kolv hcp-

tºmƒ At±-lsØ klm-bn-t°-

≠-h¿ AXn-\p≈ Ku≠v h¿°p-

Iƒ \-Øp-at√m. Ahn-izm-kn-Isf

sIm√p-∂Xv ]pWy-am-sW∂ Hcp

XXz-Øn-te-°mWv AXv hgn-sX-fn-

bn-°p-∂-Xv. At∏mƒ CØcw ZpjvS-

em-t°msS ]hr-Øn-°p∂ kwL-

S-\-I-fpsS Xe-∏-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]fin-

X-∑m¿ Ffp-∏-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS sNdp-

∏-°m¿ °v Bthiw ]Icp∂p. Cu

anYym-hn-izm-k-ßsf ]msS h¿÷n-

t°-≠ Imew AXn-I-an-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw hcp-∂-h¿ ssZ

h-kr-jvSn-I-tfmSp hfsc Icp-W-bp-

≈-h-cm-Wv. AhtcmSv A\p-Iº

ImWn-°m\pw B¿Z-Nn-Ø-X-tbmsS

Ah sc kwkvI-cn-°m\p-amWv A-

h¿ hcp-∂-Xv. Cu ImeØv ssZh-

Øn¬ \n∂p Ah-Xo¿Æ-cmb lZvd

Øv AlvaZv (A) At±-l-Øns‚

ZutXym-t±-i-߃ hfsc hy-‡am-

°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. \n߃ GI-\mb

ssZ hsØ -B-cm-[n-°p-Ibpw ka-

kr-jvSn-Iƒ°v Ign-bp-∂X tkh

\ßfpw sNøp-I. AXmWv a\p--

jys‚ [¿Ωw. Hcp a\p-jy-t\bpw

tZtlm-]-Z-hta¬∏n-°p-Itbm A]-

cs‚ hnizm-ksØ Ah-tl-fn-°p-

Itbm sNøp-∂-h≥ Fs‚ Pam-A-

Øn¬s∏´h-\-√. F√m-h-tcmSpw

Imcp-WytØmsS s]cp-am-dWw

F∂nhbmbn-cp∂p hmKvZØ alvZn

ako-lns‚ D]-tZ-iw. Ch¿ GsXm

cp ]Xo-£-bnepw hnizm-k-Øn-ep-

am-bn-cp-∂pthm, AXn\p hncp≤-

ambn kam-[m-\-Øns‚bpw Bflo

b am¿§-Ønt‚bpw ktµ-ihp-am-bn-

´mWv hmKv ZØ alvZoako-lns‚

Bhn¿`m hw.

bmYm-ÿn-XnI apkvenwI-fpsS

hnti-j-W-amWv Rm≥ apI-fn¬ ]

I-Sn-∏n-®Xv. F¶nepw ]e hnj-b-ß-

fnepw ]ptcm-K-a\w ]d-bp∂ bmYm-

ÿn-Xn-I-c-√mØ apkvenwI-fp-tSbpw

hnizm-khpw -CXp Xs∂. ]s£

Ah¿ AXn\v Ipd-®p-IqSn ]pXnb

k¶--e v] -߃ ]tbm-Kn -°p∂p

F∂p amXw. Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬

`c-W-IqSw e£y-am°n ]hr-Øn-

°p∂ auZq-Zn-km-ln-s\-t∏m-ep-≈-

h¿ Cu hn`m-KtØ-bmWv ]Xn-\n-

[m\w sNøp-∂Xv. At±-l-Øns‚

cwK-]-th-i-\-tØmsS Ddßn°n-

S∂ Xoh-hmZw kwL-SnX cq]-

Øn¬ sNdp-∏-°m-cn¬ Bfn-I-

Øm≥ XpS-ßn. Ah-cpsS kmln-Xy-

ß-fp -ambn _‘-s∏-´m¬ AXv

t_m≤y-am-Ipw. auZqZn kmln_v

ta¬hn-j-b-ambn Xs‚ IrXn-I-fn¬

]I-Sn-∏n® F√m Bi-b-ß-tfbpw

hnip≤ Jp¿-B-s‚bpw Xncp-l-Zo-kp-

I-fptSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ A-

lva-Znøm Pam-A-Øns‚ \memw

Jeo-^-bmb lZvdØv an¿km

Xzmln¿ Alv-aZv kmln_v (d-lv)

hfsc bp‡n-]q¿∆w hni-I-e\w

sNbvXv AXns‚ \nc¿∞-IX

Xpd∂p Im´p-∂p. ""aX-Øns‚ t]

cn¬ a\p-jy-lXy'' F∂ t]cn¬

B ]pkvXIw ae-bm-f-Øn¬ F.-

Fw. apl-ΩZv keow kmln_v

hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXn´p-≠v. AXn¬

aX-]-cn-XymKn h[m¿l-\m-sW∂v

sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ch¿ tN¿Ø lZo-

kp-Ifn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-°m≥

km[n-°p∂Xv, B lZo-kp-I-fn¬

hnh-cn® h[n-°-s∏´ F√m-hcpw

sIme-]m-X-Iw, cmPy-tZmlw apX-

emb h≥Ip-‰-߃ sNbvX-h-cm-sW-

∂m -Wv . AtX kabw Ah¿

Ckvemw aXw C-t]-£n-®-h-cp-am-bn-

cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS ta¬ Nm¿Ø-s∏´

Ip‰w aXw Dt]-£n-®-Xns‚ t]cn-

462

312006 \hw-_¿

em-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah¿ in£n-°-s∏-

´Xv Ah≥ \S-Ønb a‰p Ip‰-ß-

fpsS t]cn-em-bn-cp-∂p. Rm≥ AXn-

te°v IS-°p-∂n√ . hnip≤ Jp¿-

B≥ Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ \¬Ip∂

Iev]\-I-sf-¥m-sW∂v \mw ]cn-

tim-[n -°p-I. C∂v bp. -F≥.-H.

AwKo-I-cn® a\p-jym-h-Imi Nm¿´-

dn¬ Hcmƒ°v CjvS ap≈ aXw

ssIs°m-≈m-\pw, AXn \v th≠n

]N-cWw \S-Øm-\pw, B aXw

\njvI¿jn-°p∂ hn[w Pohn-°m-\p-

ap-ff kzmX-¥yap≠v. CXv hy‡n-

kzm-X-¥y-am-Wv. AtX-t]m se

Bt«-jn® aXw ]cn-Xy-Pn-°p-hm

\pw CjvS -ap≈ as‰mcp aXw

kzoIcn°m\pw kzmX-¥y-ap-≠m-bn-

cn-°pw. CXv P\m-[n-]-Xy-cm-jvS-ß-

fpsS km¿∆-t-Z-iob apJ-ap-Z-bm-Wv.

Ckvemw AXns\ Bbn-cØn \m

∂qdp h¿j-߃°v apºv AwKo-I-

cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ ""emC-Ivd-

l- n-±o≥'' F∂ Iev]\ AXm-bXv

""aX-Øn¬ _em¬°m-c -an√''

F∂Xv A\y-k-ap-Zm-b-°m¿°v hsc

Adn-bm-hp∂ Imcy-am-Wv. "\n߃

°v \nß-fpsS aXw F\n°v Fs‚

aXw' (109:6) as‰mcp ÿeØv

""\n߃ A√m-lp-hns\ A\p-k-cn-

°p-hn≥ Cu ZqX-s\bpw A\p-k-

cn°p-hn≥. \n߃ PmK-X-bp-≈-h-

cmbn cn°p-I. C\n \n߃ ]n¥n-

cn -™p-I-f -bp -∂-]£w \ΩpsS

I¿Øhyw hy‡-amb \ne-bn¬ k

tµiw FØn-°pI amX-amWv (5:93)

Chn-sSbpw ]n¥n-cn™p t]mIp-∂-

hsc sIm√m≥ Blzm-\-an-√.

]nt∂bpw hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-

bp∂p: ""hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv

Ahn-iz-kn-°p-Ibpw ]nt∂bpw

hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw ]nt∂bpw Ahn-

iz-kn-°p-Ibpw ]n∂oSv Ahn-izmkw

h¿≤n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xmtcm

A√mlp Ah¿°v Hcn-°epw s]mdp-

Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bn√ (4:138). Cu

hmIy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®p--I-gn™v

Ahn-iz-kn-®m¬ Ahs\ sIm√-W-

sa-∂mWv \nb-a-sa-¶n¬ Ahn-izmkn

Fßns\ hnizm-kn-bmhm≥ km[n

°pw? At∏mƒ hnizmkw \jvS

s∏´ Bƒ°v Aßns\ Hcp in£m-

\n-baw Ckveman¬ C√ Xs∂.

CXp-Iq-SmsX as‰mcp kw`hw Jp¿-

B-\n¬ hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. KŸw

\¬I-s∏´cn¬ Hcp-Iq-´¿ cmhnse

Iq -tØmsS Ckvemw Bt«-jn-°p-

Ibpw sshIp-t∂-c-am-Ip-tºmƒ Iq -

tØmsS Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøm-

dp-≠v. CX-h¿ sNøp-∂Xv hnizm-kn-

I-fn¬ Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-sØ-°p-

dn®v Hcp A-h-a-Xn∏v D≠m-°p-hm\pw

\ntj-[n-I-fm-°n-Øo¿°m-\p-am-bn-

cp∂p (3:73). Cu kw`hw aZo-\-bn

epw a°-bnepw CkvemanI `cWw

ÿm]n-®-Xn\v tij-am-Wv. Ckvem

an¬ h∂v t]mIp-∂-hsc h[n-°p-am-

bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬- C-Øcw kw`hw

Xs∂ AhnsS DS-se--Sp-°p-am-dm-Ip-

am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cßns\ hn-ip-≤-Jp¿-

Bs‚ ]mTw hfsc kpXm-cy-am-Wv.

A√mlp a\p-jy\v \√-Xn-t\bpw

NoØ-tbbpw th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bm≥

Ign-hv sIm-Sp-Øv a\p-jys\ kzX-

¥-\m-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ah¿ sN

øp∂ sNbvXn-Iƒ°v in£ c£m

\¬Ip∂ ÿew ]ctem-I-am-Wv.

ChnsS A√mlp sX‰p-sN-øp-∂-

h¿°v am\-km-¥-c-Øn-\p≈ Hcp- A-

h-kcw \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. lZo-kn¬

\n∂v Hcp kw`hw ChnsS ]I¿

Øm≥ BK-ln-°p-∂p. Ckveman

s‚ iXp-°-fn¬ AK-K-Wy-\mb

A_p-P-l-ens‚ aI≥ CIvcna-bp-tS-

Xm-W-Xv. Ckveman\v hfsc A[n

Iw tZmlw sNbvXhcmWv A_q-

P-l-epw aI-\pw. A_q-P-l¬ _Z-

dn¬ sIm√-s∏-´p. aI≥ tijn-®p.

At±-lsØ C\n apkvenwIƒ sh

dpsX hnSp-I-bn√ F∂v IcpXn CIv

cna ba-\n-te°v ]em-b\w sNøm≥

ian-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£ At±-

l-Øns‚ `mcy Ckvemw aXw kzo

I-cn -®n -cp -∂p. Ah¿ ]d™p.

\n߃ Aev]-Im-eØp \n¬°p-I,

Rm≥ Xncp-ta\n (k-A)bpambn

H∂v kwkm-cn -°-s´. Aßns\

Ah¿ t]mbn Xncp-ta-\n(-k)-bp-ambn

kwkm-cn-®-t∏mƒ Xncp-ta\n Acpfn:

"CIvcna H∂p-sIm≠pw b-s∏-tS-≠-

Xn-√. At±-l-Øns‚ hn-izm-k-]-Im-

c-ap -≈-Xp-t]mse At±-l-Øn\v

ChnsS Ign-bmw. Cu hnhcw CIv

cn-asb Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw At±lw

a°-bn¬ Xs∂ Xma-kn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. ]n∂oSv At±lw Ckvemw

Bt«-jn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

ChnsS H∂v c≠p-Im-cy-߃

apkvenw ]fin-X-∑m¿ a\- n-em-t°-

≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp apkvenamb

CIvcnabpsS `mcy- Aapkvenamb

`¿Ømhpam -bp≈ _‘w Cu

]fin-X-am-cpsS apºn¬ Pmbnkm

Iptam? Cu Pmbnk√mØ _‘

sØ ]‰n Xncp-ta\n H∂pw ]Xn-h-

Nn-®n-√. ChnsS Hcp kvXobpsS

`¿Ømhv Alva-Zn-bm-b-Xns‚ t]

cn¬ At±-l-tØmSv hnhm-l-tam-

N\w hmßmsX as‰m-cmƒ°v hn

hmlw sNbvX lo\-kw- hw tImgn-

t°mSv Xs∂ D≠v. At∏mƒ Cu

\S-°p∂sXm∂pw Ckvem-an-I-a-√.

C∂v apkvenw bphm-°ƒ bYm¿

∞ Ckvemans‚ ]mX-bn¬ \n∂v

A\nkvemanI-amb Xoh-hm-Z-Øn-

te°p t]mbvs°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.

Hmtcm Bfp-tSbpw Ign-h-\p-k-cn®p

kaq-l-Øn¬ \n∂v Cu Zp›n-¥

\o°w sNøm≥ ian-t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

apkvenwI-fp-sS Cu Xoh-hm-Z-`aw-

Ckvemans‚ apJsØ FX-amXw

sshIr-X-am-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p F∂v

hnh-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-√. CØcw

]h¿Ø-\-߃ ]m›-mXy kmam-

Py-i-‡n-Ifpw Hmdn-b‚-en-ÃpIfpw

tN¿∂p hnZym-k-º-∂-cp-sSbnS-bn¬

Ckvemans\ hnIr-X-ambn NnXo-I-

cn-°m≥ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂p. Cu hn]-

Øn-t\-]‰n apkvenw P\-߃ t_m

[-hm-∑m-cmt-I≠-Xm-Wv. Cu ]h¿

Ø-\sØ Hcp ]Im-c-Ønepw hn

ip≤ Jp¿-B-t\m, Xncp-l-Zo-kp-I

tfm icn-sh-°p-∂n-√.

463

32 kXyZqX≥

""tIc-f-°-c-bn¬ apl-ΩZv

\_n (k)-bpsS Ime-Øn\p sXm´p-

]n-∂mse Ckvemw FØn-t®¿∂n-

´p-≠v F∂Xv t\cm-Wv. F∂m¬

\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]n∂n-´-t∏mƒ, ]tXy-

In®pw ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠n¬,

apkvenwIƒ GXv A¿∞-Ønepw

]n-t∂m-°-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. apkvenw

kaq-l-Øn\-IsØ "Pmln-enø'

Imew F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°m-hp∂

hn[w A[x-ÿnXn-bn-em-bn-cp∂p

Ah¿. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚

Bcw-`-Øn¬ H-‰-s∏´ \thm-∞m\

kwcw- -߃ Bcw- n-°p-Ibpw \q‰m-

≠ns‚ a-[ytØmsS kwL-Sn-X-]-

h¿Ø\w Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw sNbv

Xp.'' (i-_m_v (aS-hq¿ Kq∏v apPm-

lnZv apJ-]-Xw) (2006 G]n¬ 7,

t]Pv 12)

Bbn -cØn \m\qdp h¿j-

߃°p-ap-ºp≈ Pmln-enøm Ime-

L-´-Øn¬ a\pjy-hw-i-Øns‚

hntam-N-\-Øn-\mbn aplΩZv apkv

X^m (k) BK-X-cm-bn-s°m ≠v

bYm¿∞ Ckvemw qap-JØv kvYm

]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Pmln-enøm Im

ew Xncn -®p-h-cn -Ibpw Ckvemw

temI-Øn¬ \n∂p \jvS-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw sNøptºmƒ Hcp ^m¿kn

hwi-P≥ Zo\ns\ ]p\xÿ-m-]n-°m

≥ \ntbm-K-s∏-Sp-sa∂v dkq¬ (k)

kt¥m-j-hm¿Ø Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. F√m A¿∞-Ønepw

apkvenwIƒ ]nt∂m-°-am-bn-Øo¿

∂ ]sØm-ºXmw \q-‰m-≠nse Pm

"tam£m¿l-amb I£n'

ln-enøm Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Ckv

emans‚ ]p\x-ÿm-]-\-Øn-\mbn

^m¿kn hwi-P≥ AlvaZv (A)

BK-X-cm-hp-Ibpw AlvaZn-ø-Øn-

eqsS Ckvem-ans‚ \thm-∞m\

kwcw-`-߃ Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw sN

bvXp. apl-ΩZv apkvX^ (k) sIm

≠p-h-∂Xpw ]n∂oSv temI-Øn\p

ssItam-iw-h-∂Xpw tijw AlvaZv

(A) ]p\x-ÿm-]n-®-Xp-amb Bi-b-

߃ kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v ]n-∂oSv [m

cmfw \thm-∞m\ ]ÿm-\-߃

H‰-s∏´pw kwL-Sn-X-ambpw Bcw-`n-

®n-´p-≠v. ap-Pm-ln-Zp-]ÿm\w \S-

∏n¬ hcp-Øm≥ ian-°p∂ \thm-

∞m\ kwcw-`-߃s°√mw XpS-°-

an-´Xv AlvaZnøm Pam-AØv Bbn-

cp-∂p. J_-dm-fn-I-tfm-Sp≈ CS-tX´w

XpSßn in¿°n-se-Øn-°p∂ kIe

]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Hgn-hm-°¬, amXr-

`m-j-bn¬ JpXv_, kvXo]-≈n-]-

th-iw, kvXokwLS\, _me-˛-bp-

h-P-\-˛-h-tbm-P\ imJm kwL-S-\-

Iƒ, P\-\-a-c-W-Zn-\m-N-c-W-߃

Hgn-hm-°¬ XpS-ßn-bh DZm-l-c-W-

߃ amXw. CkvemanI \thm-∞m-

\-Øn\p XpS-°-an-Sp-Ibpw Jnem-

^Øv ]p\-ÿm-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX

C°m-e-L-´-Øns‚ ]cn-jv°¿Øm-

hmb Znhy-\n-tbmKn Xs∂ Xncn-®-

dn-bm≥sshIn-t∏m-I-cp-sX∂v ""i_m

_n''s‚ Bfp-Isf kvt\l-]q¿∆w

DW¿Øp-I-bm-Wv.

""PqX InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Fgp-]-

sØm∂pw Fgp-]-Øn-c≠pw I£n-

I-fmbn ]ncn-™-t]mse Fs‚ kap-

Zmbw Fgp-]-Øn-aq∂p I£nIfmbn

]ncn-bp-sa∂pw B I£n-I-fn¬

Hs∂m-gnsI F√mw \c-I-Øn-em-

sW∂pw ]Tn-∏n® ]hm-N-Is‚ ]

h-N-\-Øns‚ ]pe¿®-bn-te-°mWv

apkvenw kaq-l-Øns‚ C∂sØ

Zpc-hÿ hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂-Xv. Bsc

X ]cn-i-an-®mepw Cu ]h-N-\-

Øns‚ ]pe¿®-s°m-c-dpXn Akm-

[y-am-Wv.'' (hn-Nn-¥\w (G∏n apPm-

lnZv apJ-]-Xw) 2006 Pq¨ 16. t]Pv

˛ 7)

PqX InkvXym-\n-I-tfmSv kmZr-

iy-s∏-´p-sIm≠v hnhn[ I£n-I-fm-

bn-Øo-cp∂ Xs‚ kap-Zm-b-Øn¬,

kz¿§m-h-Im-in-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp∂

GI-hn-`m-K-sØ-°p-dn®v ""Rm\pw

Fs‚ k-lm_Øpw D≈ Ah-ÿ-

bn-ep-≈-h¿'' F-∂v dkq¬ (k) hni-

Zo-I-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. B A-hÿ

AYhm Hcp t\Xmhpw At±-lsØ

]cn-]q¿Æ-ambn A\pkcn°p∂

A\p-bm-bn-I-fpw F∂ Ahÿ

AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn¬ amXta

ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p≈q.

tam£m¿l-amb I£n Hcp

""A¬ Pam-A-Ømbn''cn°p-sa∂pw

dkq¬(-k) A-cp-fn-bn-´p-≠v. ]cn-

]q¿Æ-ambn A\p-k-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂

Hcp t\Xm-thm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp A¬P-

am-AØv bYm¿∞ Ckvemw F∂p

Da¿ (d) hni-ZoI-cn -®n -´p -ap -≠v.

(AlvaZn-ø-Øns\ FXn¿°m≥

(-tijw 37˛mw t]Pn¬)

bmkn¿ Ad- mØv

tam£m¿l-amb I£nbpsS AS-bm-f-߃

AlvaZnøm Pam-A-Øn¬ amXta ImWq

464

332006 \hw-_¿

bmX-\-bp-sSbpw thZ-\-bp-

sSbpw kwlm-cm-fl-I-amb Hcp tem

I-am-Wn∂v \mw ImWp-∂-Xv. Hmtcm

Znh-khpw Ch \nc-h[n Bfp-Isf

_m[n-°p-∂p.- A-Xn¬ \nc-]-cm-[n-

Ifpw ssZh- -b-ap-≈-hcpw sIm®p-Ip-

´n-Ifpw bphm-°-fpw hr≤cpw F√mw-

s]-Sp∂p. Rm\pw \nßfpw \ΩpsS

kao-]-Øp-≈-hcpw imco-cn-Itam am

\-kn-Itam sshIm-cn-Itam Bb

ITn-\-amb hyY-I-fn-eq-sS-bm-bn-cn

°pw IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv.

bmX\ \sΩ Hcp hn[-Øn-e-

s√-¶n¬ as‰mcp hn[-Øn¬ _m[n-

°p-∂p. AXn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏-

Sm≥ km[n-°p-I-bn-√. F∂m¬

F¥p-sIm-≠m-WnXp kw`-hn-°p-

∂Xv? \mapw a‰p-≈-hcpw F¥n-

\mWv bmX\ kln-°p-∂Xv? Xs‚

kvt\l-Øn¬ \n ∂pw ]Xn-—m-b-

bn¬ \n∂pw \sΩ krjvSn®

ssZhw F¥n-\mWv \ap °v ZpcnXw

\¬Ip∂Xv? ]oU-I-fn-√mØ Hcp

temIw ssZhw F¥p-sIm≠v

krjvSn-®n√?

]Y-a-ZrjvSym bmX\ Dƒs°m-

≈m\pw AXns\ \ymbo-I-cn°m\pw

\ap°v Atß-b‰w ]bm-k-am-bn-cn-

°mw. in£-bp-sS- -e-amtbm kzbw

bmX-\-Ifpw ]oU-IfpwF-¥p-sIm≠v ?

ASn-t®-ev]n-°-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNø-

s∏´ ]oU-Iƒ \ymbo-I-cn-°-s∏-t´-

°mw. F∂m¬ \nc-]-cm-[n-Ifmb -

bp-hm-°fpw ssZh-kvt\-ln-Ifpw F

¥p-sIm-≠mWv Zpcn-X-a-\p- -hn-°p-∂

Xv?

C°m-cy-Øn¬ CkvemanI ho

£-W-sa-¥m-sW∂ Imcyw Kln-

°p-∂-Xn\v \nßsf klm-bn-°m≥

Rm≥ ian-°mw. bmX\-°p≈ Imc-

W-sa-s¥-∂-Xn-te°v Ckvemw sh

fn®w hoip-∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬ bm

X\ Ft∏mgpw "bmX-\-b√' F∂

Imcyw At∏m-gmWv a\- n-em-°m≥

km[n-°p-I.

_p≤-aXw bmX-\ (ZpxJw)

F¥n¬\n-∂p-≠m-hp-∂p-sh∂v \n¿

∆-N\m-fl-I-ambn hn-h-cn-°p-∂p.

(1) Xoh-bm-X\. DZm: hm¿≤-

Iyw, tcmKw, ac-Ww,

(2) B\-µ-Øns‚ A`m-hw.

(3) Hcn-°epw Hgn-™p-am-dm≥

]‰mØ £Wn-IXzKpWw F∂

F√m-‰n-ep-a-S-ßnb ]Xn- mkw Imc-

W-Øm¬ Xm≥ kvt\ln-°p-∂-Xn

s\tbm Xm\p-ambn KmVm-\p-cm-K-

Øn-ep-≈-Xn-t\tbm Dt]-£n-°¬

\n¿_-‘-am-h¬

Zpx-J-Øns‚ ImcWw a\p-jy

s‚ kzm¿∞-]-c-amb BK-l-am-

sW∂pw _p≤-aXw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-

∂p. AXm-bXv a\p-jys‚ Zmlm¿

Øn AYhm "XrjvW'bmWv ZpxJ-

Øn≥s‚ tlXp. tam£w (\n¿∆m-

Ww) ]m]n-°m≥ _p≤-aXw \n¿t±-

in-°p-∂Xv AjvS-am¿§-ß-fmWv.

lnµp-a-X-hn-izm-k-]-Imcw bm

X-\- kzbw ASn-t®-ev]n-°-s∏-´-Xm

Wv. AXns\ Ah¿ ]p\¿P-∑-kn-

≤m-¥w-sIm≠v \ymbo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. A-Xm-bXv, ap÷-∑-Øn

se kz`m-h-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ D∂-Xtam bmX-\m-]q¿Wtam

Bb Po-hn-Xap≠m-hp-∂p.

Ckvemw Cu kn≤m¥w Xnc-

kvI-cn-°p-∂p. ssZhØns‚ krjvSn-

∏ns‚ Bkq-X-W-Ønep≈ A\-¥-

amb ssh`hw ImcWw Pohs‚

]p\x-]-cn-hr-Øn-bpsS Bh-iy-an-√.

AXn-\m¬ XpS¿®-bmbn D∂-X-hn-

Xm-\-ß-fn-te°v B Po-hs\ Ah≥

\bn-°p-∂p.

_p≤-a-X-Øns‚ \n¿∆-N\w ]

_ew Xs∂--sb-¶nepw km¿∆-eu-In-

I-amb \ne-bnepw a\p-jys\ _m[n-

°p∂ \ne-bnepw ZpxJw N¿®-sN-

ø-s∏-S-Ww. ]oU-bpsS km∂n-[y-

tIh-em¿-∞-Øn¬ bmX-\bpw ]oU-I-fp-an-√. F√mw ssZh-Øns‚ Imcp-Wy-am-Wv.

]Imiw XSbs∏Sp-tºmƒ \ng-ep-≠m-Ip-∂Xv t]mse Xn∑-bpw, I-jvS-X-Ifpw

kmt]-£n-I-ß-fm-Wv. bmX-\-bp-sSbpw ]oUI-fp-sSbpw

CkvemanI XXzhpw ho£-WhpamWv teJ-I≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

tUm. C^vXn-Jm¿ AlvaZv Abmkv OBE-UK

465

34 kXyZqX≥

Øn s‚ ]iv\-amWv IqSp-X¬ ASn-

ÿm-\-]-c-am-bXv. Ckvemw Ah-X-

cn-∏n-°p∂ bp‡n-]-c-amb kao-]-\-

amWv G‰hpw DØ-aw.

Imcy-Im-c-W-ß-fpsS temI-

ØmWv \mw Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. hfsc

kq£va-ambn \nco-£n-®m¬ apgp-]-

]-©hpw Cu hyh-ÿ-bn¬ _‘n-

X-am-sW∂v Is≠-Øm≥ km-[n

°pw. Imcy-Im-c-W-Øns‚ am‰-an-

√mØ Cu XXzw ImcWambmWv

imkvXo-b-⁄m-\-ß-fn¬ \mw

apt∂-dp-∂-Xv. Hcp ImcWw ASn-

ÿm-\-]-c-am-bn-cn-°mw. As√-¶n¬

XpS¿®-bmb irwJ-e-bp-ambn IÆn-

tN¿°p∂ as‰mcp Imc-W-Øns‚

^e-am-bn-cn-°mw. Cu ]Inb Ah-

km-\n-°p-tºmƒ A¥n-a-amb Imc

Ww kzbw AkvXn-Xz-ap-≈-Xm-bn-cn-

°-W-sa-∂Xv hy‡-am-Wv. AXv

tIh-e-am-bn-cn-°bpw thWw. \nb-

X-amb ImcWw tIh-e-am-bn-cn-°-bn-

s√∂pw hy‡-am-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬

]In-b-bpsS Nne afi-e-ßsf

AXv Hgn-®p-\n¿Øpw. Ah-km\

ImcWw AXm-bn-cn-°-bn-√. GsXm

cp Imc-Whpw AkvXn-Xzhpw F√mw

Dƒs°m-≈p-∂Xpw kzbw-`q-X-hp-am-

sW-¶n¬ AXv A\n-hmcy-ambpw

A\-¥-am-Wv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥

]Jym-]n-°p∂p:

""\ns‚ \mYs‚-b-Sp-°-te-°m

Wv (k¿∆-hpw) Ah-km\w sN-s∂-

Øp-∂-Xv.'' (53:43)

F√m \ne-bnepw Hmtcm KpW-

Ønepw tIh-e-k-Øbpw A\-¥-\p-

am-Wv Ah≥. tIhe kØ-bm-hm≥

Ahs‚ krjvSn-ssh-`hw kzbw

Xs∂ A\-¥-amb Xe-߃ ]I-

Sn-∏n-°-Ww. Hmtcm h¿§-Øns‚

krjvSn-∏nepw AXp ]I-S-am-h-Ww.

GsX√mw Xe-߃ a\p-jy\p k¶-

ev]n-°m≥ km[n-°p-tam, AXm-bXv

hkvXp-hnepw hkvXp-h-√m-Ø-Xn-epw,

^e-`q-bn-jvS-am-b-Xnepw Xcn-im-b-

Xnepw hnI-kn-°p-∂-Xnepw kt¶m-

Nn-°p-∂-Xnepw Pohn-X-Ønepw ac-

W-Ønepw t_m[m-h-ÿ-bnepw

At_m-[m-h-ÿ-bnepw IÆp-I-fn-

√mØ a\p-jy-\nepw Hcp IÆp≈

a\p-jy-\nepw Imen-√m-Ø-h-\nepw

Iøn-√m-Ø-h-\nepw hncq-]-\nepw

kpµc\nepw aßn-b-Xnepw ]Im-in-

°p-∂-Xnepw F√mw Cu Xew D≠m-

h-Ww.

tIh-e-Xz-Øn¬ \n∂p \oßn-

t∏m-Ip-t¥mdpw Bt]-£n-I-X-bpsS

hnShv hn]peam-hp-∂p. Cu kzbw-

`q-hn¬ \n∂p≈ thdn-Sen¬ Bh-

iy-ßfpw Xn-∑bpw A¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-

°p-∂p. temI-Øns‚ AkvXnXzw

kzbw-Xs∂ Xn∑-b-√.

Ckveman-Im-≤ym-]-\-a-\p-k-cn

®v Xn∑°v kzbw Xs∂ Hc-kvXn-

Xz-an-√. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ A√m

lp ]d-bp-∂p:

""\ns‚ \mY≥ Fß-s\-bmWv

\ng¬ \o´n-bn- p-≈-sX∂v \o ImWp-

∂n t√? Ah≥ Dt±-in-®n-cp-s∂-¶n¬

AXns\ (Htc ÿe-Øv) HXp°n

\ndp-Øp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]ns∂ \mw

kqcys\ AXn∂v (\n-g-en-∂v) Hcp

hgn-Im-´n-bm-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]ns∂

\mw AXns\ (\n-g-en-s\) \Ωn-

te°v sas√ sas√ ]nSn-s®-Sp-°p-

∂p'' (25:46, 47). kqcy-\n¬ \n ∂p≈

]Imiw XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp

hkvXp-hmWv \ng¬ hogvØp-∂-Xv.

hkvXp kqcy\n¬ \n∂-I-ep-t¥m

dpw \ng¬ \ofp-∂p. hkvXp kqcy-

\n-te-°-Sp-°p-t¥m-dpw \ng¬ Npcp-

ßn-t∏m-Ip -∂p. hkvXp t\cn´v

kqcys‚ shfn-®-Øn\p Iogn-em-sW-

¶n¬ \ng¬ C√ Xs∂. ssZhnI

]Im-i-Øns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ D≠m-

hp∂ \ng-emWv Xn∑-sb-∂mWv Cu

D]a hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Xn∑ kzbw

Xs∂ \n›n-X-amb AkvXn-Xz-ap≈

H∂-√. ]Im-i-Øns‚ Dd-hn-S-sØ-

°p-dn®v \ap°v k¶-ev]n-°m≥ km

[n-°pw. F∂m¬ A‘-Im-c-Øns‚

Dd-hn-S-amb Hcp hkvXp \ap°v mh-

\-bn¬ ImWm≥ km[n-°n-√. Hcp

hkvXp A‘-Im-cØ-ns‚ Dd-hn-S-

amIm\p≈ GI hgn shfn-®sØ

XS- -s∏-Sp-Ø-emWv. AtX-]-Imcw

\∑-bpsS A`m-h-amWv Xn∑-bm-hp-

∂Xv.

CXns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬, lZv

dØv Jeo-^-Øp¬ akolv \mem-

a≥ (d) Xs‚ Revelation Rational-ity Knowledge and Truth F∂

]pkvX-I-Øn¬ "bmX-\'-sb-°p-dn®v

hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

ssZthw "bmX\sb' kzX-¥-

amb AkvXn-Xzambn krjv-Sn®n- n-√.

B-\-µ-Øn-s‚bpw Bizm-k-Øns‚

bpw A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-amb A`m-h-

amWv bmX\. AXv \ng¬ t]mse-

bmWv. shfn-®-Øns‚ A`mhw hncn-

°p∂ \ng-em-Wv A‘-Im-cw. Po

hnXw Ds≠-¶n¬ ac-W-hp-ap-≠v. Htc

Xe-Øns‚ c≠‰Øpap≈ [ph-ß-

fn¬ Ah ÿn-Xn-sN-øp-∂p. AXn-

\n-S-bn¬ \nc-h[n ]Z-hn-I-fpw \ng-

ep-I-fp-ap-≠v. ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂p \o

ßp-tºmƒ \mw ItaW Pohn-X-Øn

s‚ Ah-ÿ-bn-te-°mWv \oßp-∂-

Xv. AXmWv kt¥m-jw. \mw Pohn-

X-Øn¬ \n∂v \oßp-tºmƒ ZpxJ-

t_m-[-tØmsS ac-W-Øn-te-°mWv

\oßp-∂-Xv.- A-kvXn-Xz-Øn-\p-th-≠n-

bp≈ ka-csØ a\- n-em-°m-\p≈

Xmt°m-emWv CXv. ]Icw AXv

\sΩ ÿnc-ambn KpW-\n-e-hm-c-

ap≈ Pohn-X-Øn-te°v \bn°-p-I

bpw ]cn -Wm -a -Øns‚ A¥na-

e£yw t\Sm≥ \sΩ klm-bn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. "A¿ln-°p-∂-h

A-Xn-Po-hn-°p∂p' F∂ XXzw al-

Ømb Cu ]cn-Wm-a-]-≤-Xn-bn¬

Ahn-`m-Py-amb ]¶v hln-°p-∂p.

Cu ]Xn-`mkw hn. Jp¿-B-\n¬

kqNn-∏n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. A√mlp

]d-bp∂p:

""BcpsS Iøn-emtWm ]c-am-[n-

Imcw ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂-Xv, Ah≥

]cn-ip-≤-\mI-p-∂p. Ah≥ F√m

Imcy-߃°pw ]q¿-Æ-ambn Ign-hp-

≈-h-\m-Ip-∂p.

""\nß-fn¬ \n∂v BcmWv G‰

466

352006 \hw-_¿

hpw \∂mbn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-sX∂v

\nßsf ]co-£n®v Adn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-

th≠n ac-Whpw Pohn-Xhpw kr

jvSn-®-h-\sX Ah≥. Ah≥ ]Xm-

]-hm\pw k¿∆Ym s]mdp°p∂-h-\p-

amI-p∂p'' (67: 2,3).

Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw ac--W-Øn-

s‚bpw AKm-[-amb XXz-⁄m-\w,

AXn-\n-S-bn-ep≈ FÆ-a‰ PohnXw

cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw, AXns‚

KpW-\n-e-hmcw \∂m°nØo¿°p-

∂-Xn\pw AXv hln-°p∂ ]¶v Ch

sb√mw ta¬kq-‡-Øn¬ AS-ßn-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. Imcy-ß-fpsS ]≤Xn

Xs∂-bmWv ssZhw ChnsS shfn-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv. Pohn-X-sa-∂Xv Hcp

k¿Km-fl-I-amb aqey-am-sW∂pw

AXns‚ A`m-h-amWv acWw sIm

≠v hnh-£n-°-s∏-´n-´pf-f-sX∂pw

\ap-°-dn-bmw. Ahsb X-Ωn¬ th¿

Xn-cn-°p∂ \n›n-X-amb AXn-cp-Iƒ

C√.

-a-c-W-Øn-te°p≈ Pohn-X-Øn

s‚ ]bm-Whpw \mihpw Ita-W-

bp≈ Hcp ]In-b-bm-Wv. a‰p Zni-

bn¬ IqSn ac-WsØ ho£n-®m¬

acWw Pohn-X-Øn-te°v k©-cn--°p-

tºmƒ i‡nbpw Du¿÷hpw t_m

[m-h-ÿbpw kw -cn-°p-∂p. CXmWv

krjvSn-∏ns‚ al-Ømb ]≤-Xn.

F¥p-sIm-≠mWv CXv ssZhw Cß

s\ BkqXWw sNbvXXv?

""\nß-fn¬ \n∂v BcmWv G‰

hpw \∂mbn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-sX∂v

\nßsf ]co-£n®v Adn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-

th≠n'' F∂mWv hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥

\¬Ip∂ adp-]Sn:

Pohn-Xhpw ac-Whpw XΩn-

ep≈ \nc-¥-c-amb Cu ka-c-amWv

Pohn-XsØ \nc-¥-c-amb ]co-£-W-

߃°v hnt[-b-am-°p-∂-Xv. Aß

s\ DØ-a-amb coXn-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-

°p-∂-h¿ AXn-Po -hn -°p -Ibpw

AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ D-∂-X-]-Zhn t\Sp-

Ibpw sN-øp-∂p. Cu kq-‡-ß-fn¬

hnh-cn -°-s∏´ ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚

XXz-hpw cl-kyhpw Chn-sS-bmWv

InS-°p-∂-Xv. Pohn-X-Øn-s‚bpw ac-

W-Øn-s‚bpw i‡n-Iƒ XΩn¬

\S-°p∂ \nc-¥-c-am-b- k-a-c-Øns‚

X≈¬ BWv Pohn-°p-∂-hsc \nc-

¥cw ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw \oßm

t\m ac-W-tØmSv ASp-∏n-°mt\m

klm-bn-°p-∂-Xv. hn]p-e-amb ]-cn-

Wm-a-]-In-b-bpsS cwKØv AkvXn-

Xz-Øns‚ KpW-\n-e-hmcw H∂p-In¬

sa®-s∏-Sp-Itbm As√-¶n¬ A[x-

]-Xn-°p-Itbm Bhpw ew. ( Rev-elation Rationality Knowledge andTruth t]Pv: 180-˛182)

A]-Imcw, ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚

Nme-I-i-‡n-I LS-I-ß-fmWv \

jvShpw timj-Whpw ac-Whpw.

Hcm-fpsS \nb-¥-W-Øn-∂-Xo-X-amb

]Ir-Xn-tIm]ß-ƒ, A]-I-S-߃

t]mse-bp-≈-htbm a\p-jys‚ Ic-

ß-fm¬ hcp-Øn-sh-°p∂ A]-I-S-

ßtfm a‰p A]-I-S-ßtfm Bbn-

s°m-≈s´ CØcw am\p-jnI \ne-

hm-c-Øn-ep≈ bmX-\-I-fpsS ]

iv\w hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

CkvemanI hnizm-k-]-Imcw

ssZhw amX-amWv kzbw-`q-hm-bn-´p-

≈Xv. AXn-\m¬ Bt]-£n-I-ambn

a‰p-≈-Xns\ Bi-bn-®p-\n¬°p∂

am\p-jn-I-XeØn¬ ˛ tIh-e-amb

Xocp-am-\-tam, tIh-e-amb kzX-t¥

—tbm D≠m-Im-h-X-√. ap≥Iq´n

\n›-bn-°-s∏´ kzmX-¥y-Øns‚

]cn[n hsc amXta a\p-jy\v hnth-

N-\-i‡n D]-tbm-Kn-°m≥ ]‰q.

AXn-\-∏pdw a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ \nb-

¥-W-Øn-\-Xo-X-amb Imcy-ß-fpsS

Imcp-Wy-am-i-bn-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬

a\p-jys‚ bmX\ H∂p-In¬ kzbw

hcp-Øn-sh-°p-∂tXm ]Ir-Xn-Zp-c-

¥w, A]-ISw XpS-ßnb _mly-kw-

-h-ß-fm¬ A-Sn-t®¬∏n-°-s∏- tXm

Bbn-cn-°pw. F∂n-cn-°-epw, Xs‚

]hr-Øn-bpsS A\-¥-c-^-e-Øn\v

a\p-jys\ Xo¿®-bmbpw «mLn-°m-

t\m, Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Ømt\m ]‰p-I-bn-√.

]cn-W-X-amb Ah-ÿ-Iƒ°v FÆ-

a‰ Imc-W-߃ D≠m-hmw. Ckv

emanI hnizm-k-]Imcw ssZh-Øn-

\-√msX a‰m¿°pw hn[n-I-ev]n-°m-

\p≈ Ah-Im-i-an-√. Ckvem-anI

ho£-W-Øn¬ Cu uan-I-Po-hnXw

"Zdp¬ C_vØnem' AYhm ]co-£-

W-ß-fp-sSbpw kºm-Zy-Øns‚bpw

temI-am-Wv. ]c-temIw "Zmdp¬

Pkm' AYhm bYm¿∞ ]Xn-^-e-

Øns‚ ÿe-am-Wv. AXn¬ A\p-

Kr-lo Xmh-ÿbpw AX-√m-ØXpw

s]Spw. hnip≤ Jp¿B≥ ]d-bp-∂p.

""a\p-jy-\m-Is´ ˛ Xs‚ \m

Y≥ Ahs\ ]co-£n-°p-Ibpw

Aßs\ Ahs\ _lp-am-\n-°p-

Ibpw Ah\v A\p-Klw \evIp-

Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Ah≥ ]dbpw:

""Fs‚ \mY≥ Fs∂ BZ-cn-®n-cn-

°p-∂p.''

""F∂m¬ Ah≥ Ahs\ (a-

\p-jy-s\) ]co-£n-°p-Ibpw Ah

s‚ Pohn-X-hn-`hw Ah≥ Np-cp-°p-

Ibpw sNbvXm¬, At∏mƒ Ah≥

]dbpw: ""Fs‚ \mY≥ Fs∂ A-

]-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.'' (89:16, 17).

F∂m¬ kwKXn C-X-s√∂v

ASpØ kq‡w ]dbp∂p. c≠-h-

ÿ-Ifpw Hcp ]co-£-W-am-Wv, tem

I-Ønse as‰√m Imcy-ß-sf-t∏m-

se, thZ-\-bp-sSbpw bmX-\-bpsS

Ah-ÿ-Iƒ Hcp kqN-\-bm-Wv.

Xs‚ Zni amt‰-W-sa∂v a\p-jys\

Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wv. ]hr-Øn-I-

fn¬ Xncp-ج Bh-iy-am-sW∂v

A-\p-kva-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. Aßs\

AsXm-c-\p-Klam-bn-Øn-cn-t™-

°mw. A√mlp hn. Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]d-

bp∂p:

""Xo¿®-bmbpw \n\°v apºp-

≠m-bn-cp∂ kap-Zm-b-ß-fn-te°v

\mw (Zq-X-∑m-sc) Ab-®n-´p -≠v.

At∏mƒ \mw Ahsc (k-Xy-\n-tj-

[n-I-sf) hnj-a-X-I-fpw Zpcn-X-ßfpw

sIm≠v thZ-\n-∏n®p; Ah¿ hn\-b-

ap-≈-h-cm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n.''

(6:43)

ho≠pw kqdx-_-J-d-bn¬ A√m

lp ]d-bp∂p:

""Aev]-sams° `bw, hni-∏v,

467

36 kXyZqX≥

[\-\-jvSw, Poh-\-jvSw, e-\-jvSw,

F∂n-h-bneqsS \n›-b-ambpw \mw

\nßsf ]co-£n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.- R-

߃°v h√ B]Øpw t\cn-Sp-

tºmƒ (]cn-`-an-°m-sX) "\n›-b-

ambpw R߃ A√m-lp-hn-\p-≈-

hcpw Ah-¶-te°p Xs∂ aS-ßp-∂-

h-cp-am-Ip-∂p. F∂p ]d-bp∂ kl-

\-io-e¿°v \o kphm¿Ø-b-dn-bn-°p-

I.'' (2: 156 ˛ 158)

hmKvZ-Ø akolv (A) ]d-

bp∂p:

""CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ kz`m-h-Øn-

\mWv kl-\-ioew F∂p ]d-bp-∂-

Xv. CXp-X-s∂-bmWv ssZth-jvS-

Øn\p h-gßpI F∂p ]d-bp-∂-

Xpw. as‰mcp ]Im-c-Øn¬, Cu

k¬Kp -W-Øn\p \oXn -[¿Ωw

F∂pw ]d-bmw. Fs¥-∂m¬, a\p-

jy\v Ah s‚ Pohn-X-Im-e-a-Xbpw

lnX-Imcyw sNbvXp-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw

Ahs‚ CjvS-a-\p-k-cn®v kl-tkm-

]nIm-cy-߃ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-

°p-Ibpw Ah\p IW-°m-°m≥

Ign-bmØ hÆw A\p-K-l-߃

\evIp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p k¿

∆m-[n-I¿Øm-hmb ssZhw Xs‚ C

jvSw A\p-k-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p C—n-

°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy≥ ssh apJyw

Im´p-Ibpw Xncp-hp-≈-Øn\p Iogv

hW-ßmsX apdp-ap-dp-°p-Ibpw am¿

§-hy-Xn-N-e-\-Øn\v apXn-cp-Ibpw

sNøp-I-sb-∂Xv tIhew \oXn-hn-cp-

≤-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-XmWv'' (Ckvemw

aX XØz⁄m\w t]Pv 98). ]co-

£W L´-Øn¬ \nc-¥cw ]b-

Xv\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-h-tcm-Sv-A-

√mlp hmKvZm\w sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p:

""Rß-fp-sS- \mY≥ A√m-lp--

hm-sW∂p ]d-bp-Ibpw F∂n v ÿn

c-Nn-Ø-cmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sN

bvX-h-cmtcm Ah-cp-sS-b-Sp-°¬ ae-

°p-Iƒ Cdßpw (B ae-°p-Iƒ

]d-bpw), "\n-߃ `b-s∏-tS-≠, hy

k-\n-°p-Ibpw th≠. \n߃°v

hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏-´n-cp∂ kz¿§w

e`n-®-Xn¬ k¥p-jvS-cm-hp-I.

""sFln-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepw ]c-

tem-IØpw R߃ \nß-fpsS anX-

ß-fm-Wv. \nß-fpsS a\ v BK-ln-

°p-∂-sX√mw \n߃°v AhnsS

(kz¿§-Øn¬) e`n-°pw. \nß-fm-h-

iy-s∏-Sp-∂-sX√mw \n߃°-hnsS

D≠m-Ipw.''

"hf-sc-b-[nIw s]mdp-°p∂-

h\pw Icp-Wm-a-b-\p-amb (A-√m-lp)-

hn¬ \n∂p≈ k¬°m-c-hn-`-hw.'

Hcp-hn-[-Øn-e-s√-¶n¬ as‰mcp

hn[-Øn-ep≈ ]iv\-߃ sIm≠pw

bmX-\-Iƒ sIm≠pw \nc-¥-c-ambn

`mcw Npa-Ø-s∏-Sp∂ Hcmƒ°v sF

ln-I-tem-IØv kwXr-]vXnbpw kz¿

§hpw Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂-sX-ß-

s\-sb∂ Hcp tNmZyw kzm`m-hn-I-

ambpw D¤-hn-t®-°mw. BZy-ambn

\mw Adn-tb-≠Xv Ah A\p-K-l-

ß-fm-sW-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcmsf ]co-£n-

°p-hm\pw Abm-fpsS hnizmkw

Du´n-bp-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-∂pamWv Xm\n-

Xn\v Imc-W-am-°p-∂-sX∂v A√m

lp hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ hy‡-

ambn ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p. C-Øcw

]co-£-W-߃ HcmfpsS hnizm-k-

Øns‚ AKm-[X ImWn-°m\pw

kz`m-h-Øns‚ alXzw a\- n-em-

°m-\p-ap≈ Ah-kcw krjvSn-°p-

∂p. CØcw ]co-£-W-߃ £a-

tbmSpw kl-\-tØmSpw t\cn-Sp-I-

bm-sW-¶n¬ Cl-tem-IØpw ]c-

tem-IØpw A√m-lp-hns‚ ]Xn-

^ew e`n-°p-∂p. A√mlp hnip≤

Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]d-bp∂p:

""\nß-fn¬ \n∂v (A-√m-lp-

hns‚ am¿§-Øn¬) "PnlmZv' sNøp-

∂-h-scbpw ÿnc-Nn-Ø-cmb Bfp-

I-sfbpw th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw \n

ß-fpsS bYm¿∞ \ne a\- n-em-

hp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xp-hsc \mw \nß

sf ]co-£n-°pI Xs∂ sNøpw.''

(47: 32)

Pohn-X-bmX hfsc Ffp-∏-Øn-

\p-th≠n Dt±-in-°-s∏´Xs√∂v A-

√mlp hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ hy‡-

am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. A√mlp ]d-bp∂p:

""\mw a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®Xv

bmX-\-Iƒ t\cn-Sm-\mWv'' (90:5).

]co-£-W-߃ t\cn-Sp-tºmƒ hne-

]n-°p-Itbm \ncm-i-s∏-Sp-Itbm sN

ø-cp-Xv. Aßs\ sNøp-∂Xv Zu¿_-

ey-Øns‚ kqN-\bpw A√mlp

hnt\m-Sp≈ IrX-Lv\-X-bp-am-Wv. Xn-

cp-\_n (k) ]d-™n-´p≠v:

""Hcp- apkvenan\v PohnXw apgp-

h≥ \∑-bm-Wv. Hcp bYm¿∞ hn

izm-kn-b-√msX a‰mcpw Xs∂ Cß-

s\-bp≈ ]Zhn Is≠-Øp-I-bn-√.

Fs¥-∂m¬ Hcp hnizmkn hnPbw

ssIhcn°pI-bm-sW-¶n¬ Abmƒ

A√m-lp-hn\v IrX-⁄X tcJ-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂p. A-t∏mƒ Ah-\n¬ \n∂p

IqSp-X¬ A\p-K-l-߃°v A

bmƒ ]mXo-`q-X-\m-hp-∂p. t\tc-a-

dn-®v, Abmƒ thZ-\bpw bmX-\bpw

A\p-`-hn-°p-tºm-ƒ Abmƒ kl

\w ssIs°m-≈p-∂p. At∏mgpw

Abmƒ ssZh-Øns‚ A\p-K-l-

߃°v A¿l-\m-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.''

c≠mw Jeo-^(-d) ]d-™-sX

X kXy-amWv!

""`mc-߃ Ft∏mgpw `mc-ß-

f√'' ]kn-≤-\mb Hcp Ata-cn-°≥

Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ Cu kXyw G‰p ]d-

™n-´p-≠v. F√m Hmtcm hnj-a-

Ønepw XØp-ey-amb A-s√-¶n¬

AXn-ep-]-cn-bmb t\´-Øns‚ _o

Pw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm hnj-

a-Ønepw Hcmƒ°v Fs¥-¶nepw t\

´w Is≠-Øm\pw ssIh-cn-bv°m

\pw km[n-°pw. At±lw FgpXn:

""Fs‚ hgn-bn¬ IS-∂p-h-∂

]-bm-k-ß-tfmSv Rm≥ \µn--bp-≈-h-

\m-Wv. Fs¥-∂m¬ Ahsb-s∂,

kln-jvWp-Xbpw kl-Xm-]hpw B

fl-\n-b-¥-W-hpw, \nc-¥c ]b-

Xv\hpw Rm≥ Hcn-°epw Adn-bm-

\n-S-bn-√mØ a‰p \∑-Ifpw ]Tn-

∏n®p''

Ign™ \q‰m-≠nse ]Ir--Xn-

im-kvX-⁄-\mbncp∂ Nmƒkv

Um¿hns‚ BtcmKyw tami-am-bn-cp-

∂p. ]t£, B Ahÿ At±lw

468

372006 \hw-_¿

icn°pw D-]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn. At±

lw ]d™p:

""Rm≥ tcmKm-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp-

∂n-s√-¶n¬ Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ sN

bvXX tPmen sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.''

sshj-ay-߃ t\cn-Sp-Ibpw

Imcy-߃ t\sc sNms∆ \S-°m-

Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw hy‡n-Xm¬]-cy-߃

s°-Xn-cmbn Imcy-߃ \oßpIbpw

sNøp-tºmƒ £a ssIs°m-≈W-

sa∂v hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ A\p-im-kn-

°p-∂p. \ncm-i-s∏-Sp-Itbm A\¿

l-ambn Bim-`w-K-Øn-e-I-s∏-Sp-I

tbm sNø-cp-Xv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ sIm

Sp-¶m-‰n-∂n-S-bn¬ kz¿§-Øns‚ am

[pcyw B-kz-Zn-°m≥ a\p-jy\v km

[n-°p-∂Xv At∏mƒ amX-am-Wv.

Zu¿`m--Ky-߃ A\n-hm-cy-am-Wv.

Ah kln-bv°m\pw Ah-bp-ambn

£a-tbmSpw hnP-b-]-Z-ambpw Xm

Zmflyw ]m]n-°m\pw \mw ]Tn-°-

Ww. Pohn-X-Øns‚ ][m-\-s∏´

AXm-bXv A`n-]m-b-`n-∂-X-Isf

kw_-‘n®v hn[n Iev]n-°pI

F∂-Xm-Wv. At±lw AZvem-bn-cn-

°p-sa∂p ]d-™p-sIm≠v At±-l-

Øns‚ hn[n -I -sf√mw kXy -

Øn∂pw \oXn°pw tbmPn-®-Xm-bn-

cn-°psa∂pw ]Im-in-∏n-°-s∏-´n-cn-

°p-∂p. CXns‚ kmcw At±-l-

Øns‚ BK-a-\-Im-eØv \_n Xn-

cp -ta-\n -bpsS DΩ-Øn-∂n-S -bn¬

hºn® A`n-]mb hyXym-k-ß-fp-

≠m-Ip-sa∂pw At±lw Ah-sb-∏-

‰n-sb√mw \ym-b-amb hn[n Iev]n-

°p-sa-∂p-amWv. akolv auDu-Zns‚

AS-bm-f-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw A`n-

]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ap-≈-Xp-sIm≠v,

Xs‚ AS-bm-f-ambn Icp-X-s∏-´n-

´p≈ hnhn[ cnhm-bvØp-Isf kw_-

‘n®pw l°apw AZvep-sa∂ \ne-

bn¬ At±lw hn[n I¬]nt°

≠Xpw Ah-bn¬ NneXv sX‰pw

NneXv icn-bp-am-sW∂v ÿm]n-t°-

≠Xpw AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. IjvSw!

akolv auDuZv l°apw A-Zvep-am-

sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cm-bn- p-Iq-Sn-

bpw, a‰p apl-±n-ko-߃°v A\p-h-

Zn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv t]mse-sb-¶n

epw Nne cnhm-b-Øp-Iƒ _e-lo-

\-ß-fm-sW∂pw NneXv i‡n-bp-≈-

Xm-sW∂pw hn[n Iev]n-°m-\p≈

]Zhn \n߃ A-t±-l-Øn\v \¬Ip-

∂n√! apl-±n-ko-ßsf (l-Zo-kns‚

Cam-ap-I-sf) kw_-‘n-®v, Ah¿°v

Ah-cpsS Adn-hns\ Bkv]-Z-am-°n-

s°m≠v Nne cnhm-b-Øp-Isf _e-

lo-\hpw icn-b-√m-Ø-Xp-am-°m\pw

Nne-Xns\ _e-ap-≈Xpw icn-bp-am-

°m\pw A[n-Im-c-ap-s≠∂v \n߃

kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p. \n߃ C∂p-hsc

Ah-cpsS Cu hn[n-bpsS apºn¬

]hr-Ønbm¬ Xe Ip\n-®p-sIm-≠n-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬

A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ \n∂v aAvaqdmbn

htc-≠Xpw l°apw AZvep-am-bn-cn-

°p-sa∂v ]d-b-s∏-´n-´p≈Xpamb

Bƒ°v icnbpw sX-‰p-amb cnhm-b-

Øp-I-sfbpw _e-hØpw _e-lo-

\-hp-amb cnhm-b-Øp-I-sfbpw kw

_-‘n®v hn[n-]-d-bm-\p≈ Ah-

Imiw kΩ-Xn-°m\pw At±lØn-

s‚ B hn[n-sb kzoI-cn-°m\pw

\n߃ Hcp-°-an√!

Btem-N-\m-iq-\y-X-bm-Wn-Xv.

akolv auDuZv \nß-fpsS F√m-

cnhm-b-Øp-I-fp-sSbpw Iqºm-cw

kzoI-cn -°p-Ibpw tIhew Hcp

injy-s\-t∏mse aue-hn-am-cpsS

apºn¬ ap´p-Ip-Øn-\n-ev°p-Ibpw

GsX-¶nepw au-e-hn-bp-sStbm apl-

±n-kn-s‚tbm A`n-]m-b-Øn∂pw

Kth-jWØn-∂p-sa-Xn-cmbn Hc-£-

chpw Dcn-bm-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

I-bm-sW-¶n¬ At±lw l°apw

AZvepw BIp-∂-sX-ßs\? At±-l-

Øns‚ BK-a\w sIm≠p≈

]tbm-P-\-sa¥v? akolv auDuZv

hcp-∂Xv Nne-t∏mƒ Hcp aue-hn-

bpsS ]mZ-ß-fn¬ Ipºn-Sm\pw Nne-

t∏mƒ as‰m-cm-fpsS apºn¬ ap´p-Ip-

Øp-hm\pw Nne-t∏mƒ aq∂m-a-sXm-

cm-fpsS apºmsI ssIsI´n \n¬

°m-\p-am-sW∂pw B auehn ti

jvT-∑m-cpsS A`n-]m-b-Øn-s∂-Xn-cm

bn Hc-£cw t]mep-ap-cn-bm-Sm≥ A

t±-l-Øn\v A[n-Im-c-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°-

bn-s√∂pw BtWm \n߃ hniz-

kn-°p-∂Xv? Atlm, IjvSw! \nß-

fpsS lrZ-b-߃ ac-hn-®p-t]m-bn-cn-

°p∂p! \nß-fpsS IÆp-Iƒ°v

ImgvN-bn-√m-sX-bm-bn-cn-°p∂p!!

(28 ˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v XpS¿®)

th≠n Xs‚ Du¿÷w apgp-h≥

sNe-h-gn-°p-Ibpw ]cm-P-b-Øns‚

Ibv]p-\o¿ amXw IpSn-t°≠n hcn-

Ibpw sNbvX sImSn--Øq¿°m-c-\mb

Hcp ]K¬` apPm-lnZp ]fin-X-≥

""A¬ Pam-AØv'' AlvaZnøm Pam-

A-Øm-sW∂p G‰p-]-d-™n-´p-≠v.)

(32 ˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v XpS¿®) °p≈ DK≥ adp-]-Sn-bmWv ""hnNn-

¥\w'' \¬Inbn´p-≈-Xv. AYhm

""BscX ]cn-i-an-®mepw Cu ]h-

N-\-Øns‚ ]pe¿®-s°m-c-dpXn

Akm-[y-amWv'' B ]h-N\w ]pe

¿∂p ImWp∂ "A¬Pam-AØn'

te°v "hnNn-¥\'°mscbpw kzmK

Xw sNøp-∂p.

bp≤-ß-fn¬ H∂m-Wn-Xv. AXn¬

a\p-jy≥ hnP-b-im-en-bmbn ]pd-

Øp-h-c-Ww. Zpcn-X-߃ I≠v Zp¿∫-

e-cm-h-cp-Xv. Ccp-≠-cm-Xn-bn¬ kz

`mhw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Dd® Xocp-

am-\-sa-Sp-°p-I. F]-Im-c-amtWm

ITn-\-sh-bn-ep≈ ]I¬ Ign-®p-Iq-

´p-∂-Xv, A-Xp-t]mse. (Xp-S-cpw)

(Review of Religions, September,2004)hnh: sI.-hn. l ≥tImb

Cu ""A¬ Pam-AØv'' Xß-fm-

sW∂v Alv-aZnIƒ°-√msX a‰m¿

°pw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm≥ t]mepw Ign-

bn-√. Cßns\ dkq¬(-k)-bpsS

F√m KpUv k¿´n- n-°‰pw AlvaZn-

ø -Øns‚ ta¬ e`n -°p -∂Xp

sIm≠v ta¬]-d™ lZokv Zp¿∫-

e-sa∂p hcp-Øm≥ ian-°p-∂-h¿

469

38 kXyZqX≥

2006 HIvtSm-_¿ 9˛mw XnøXn

DØ-c-sIm-dnb \S-Ønb AWp-hn-

kvt^m-S\w temI-sØ-bm-I-am\w

kw`o-X-am-°p-Ibpw BtKmf \yq¢n-

b¿ i‡n k¥p-e-\-XzsØ XInSw

adn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn -°p-∂p.

AWzm-bp[ \n¿hym-]-\-°-cm¿ Im

‰n¬ ]c-Øn-s°m≠v DØ-c-sIm-dnb

ImWn® Cu AXn-km-l-kn-IX

]£p-_v[hpw hn\m-i-I-c-hp-amb

AWzm-bp[ a’-c-Øn-te°v temI

sØ ho≠pw- X≈n hnSp-sa∂v `b-

s∏-tS-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hS°≥ sIm

dnb \yq¢nb¿ t_mw_v kz-¥-am-°p-

∂-tXmsS Ah-cpsS iXp-cm-Py-

sa∂v Icp-Xn-h-cp∂ Ab¬ cmPy-

ßfmb P∏ms‚bpw Z£n-W-sIm-

dn-b-bp-sSbpw a‰p cmPy-ß-fp-tSbpw

kao-]-\-sa-¥m-bn-cn-°pw? \yq¢n-b¿

t_mw_v ssIh-i-an-√mØhcmWv

Cu cmPy-߃. sImdn-bsb Xn∑-

bpsS A®p-X≠n ¬ (Evil Axis - a‰pcmPy-߃ Cdm-Jv, Cdm≥) s]´ Hcp

cmPy-ambn ]Jym-]n® Ata-cn-°-

bpsS `mhn-]-cn-]m-Sn-sb-¥m-bn-cn

°pw? sImdnb temIØv krjvSn®

]Xn-k‘n Zqc-hym-]-I-amb ]Xym-

Lm-X-ß-fp-≠m-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ hmKvZØv

akolv lZvdØv AlvaZv \qdp-h¿

jw apºv (1904) sImdn-b-sb-∏‰n

bp≠mb Hcp ssZhnI shfn-]mSv

A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂Xv A-h-k-tcm-Nn-X-

am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Icp-Xp-∂p.

"GIv aivcnJn -Xzm-JØv sIm

dnbm Im \mkqIv lmeØv'

"Hcp ]uc-kvXy -i-‡nbpw

sImdn-b-bpsS Zp¿L-S-ÿn-Xnbpw'

F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p B shfn-]m-Sv.

temI-`q-]-S-Øn¬ Bcmepw i

≤n-°-s∏-SmsX ssN\-bpsS i-co-c-

Øn¬ \n∂pw P∏m\v A`n-ap-J-ambn

X≈n-\n-ev°p∂ Hcp sIm®p-Z-i-

t]mse im¥-k-ap-Z-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-

≠n-cp-∂ sImdnb Ign™ Hcp \q‰m-

≠n-∂p-≈n¬ ]uc-kvXy-i-‡n-bmb

ssN\-bpsS km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ temI-

N-cn-X-Øn¬ ]£p-_v[-amb ]e

cmjvSob ]Xn-k-‘n-I-fp-tSbpw

F∏nIv sk‚-dmbn Xo¿∂Xv Cu

shfn-]m-Sns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Hcp

hnkva-b-ambn Ah-ti-jn-°p∂p.

]ucm-Wn-I-ambn ssN\-bpsS

Hcp kma-¥-cm-Py-am-bn-cp∂ sImdnb

djy-bp-ambn 18 In. ao‰¿ amXw

AXn¿Øn ]¶n-Sp∂ Hcp cmPyw

IqSn-bm-Wv. djy-bpw, im¥-k-ap-Z-

Øn¬ ASpØv Xs∂ InS-°p∂

Zzo]mb P∏m\pw sImdn-bsb A[o-

\-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ncn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw

ian-®n-´p-≠v. ]sØm-ºXmw \q-‰m-

≠n¬ bqtdm-∏n¬ tZio-bX Db¿

∂p h∂ ImeØv Gjy-bnse G‰-

hpw henb kmam-Py-Xz-i‡n P∏m-

\m-bn-cp-∂p. 1876-˛¬ sImdn-b-bpsS

Xpd-ap-J-߃ ta[m-hn-Xz-tØmsS

D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ P∏m-t\mSv a’-

cn®v djybpw A-ta-cn-°-bpw Nne

bqtdm-]y≥ cmPy-ß-fpw sImdn-b-bp-

ambn hym]m-c-°-cm-dp-≠m-°m≥

ian-®Xv P∏m\v H´pw ckn-®n-cp-∂n-

√. 1894, 1895 h¿j-ßfn¬ sImdn-

bsbs®m√n ssN\tbmSpw djy-

tbmSpw P∏m≥ bp≤w sNøp-Ibpw

hnP-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXmsS

P∏m≥ Gjy-bnse tNmZyw sNøm-

\m-ImØ km am-Py-Xz-i-‡n-bmbn

AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. ssN\-bpsS

AJ-fi-`q-hn-`m-K-amb sImdnbsb

P∏m≥ ]n ∂oSv F√m A¿∞-

Ønepw Hcp tIm f-\n-bm-°n am‰n.

P∏ms‚ Iogn¬ sImdnb `uXn-I-

ambn ]ptcm-K-an-®p-sh-¶nepw Iqc-

amb P∏m≥ kmam-Py-Xz-Øn\p

Iogn¬ Ah¿ ho¿∏pap-´p-I-bm-bn-cp-

∂p. C¥y-sb-t∏mse Ccp-]Xmw

\q‰m≠ns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ H∂mw

temI alm-bp-≤-Im-eØv sImdn-b-

bn¬ kzmX-¥y-k-ac ]ÿm\-

߃ Bcw-`n-®n-cp-∂p. i‡cmb

P∏m≥ Iqc-ambn AXv ASn-®-

a¿Øn. ]n∂oSv 1945\p c≠mw temI-

a-lm-bp-≤-Øn¬ P∏m≥ ]cm-P-b-s∏-

-tXmsS hS°v djybpw sX°v At-

a-cn-°bpw sImdn-bsb ]¶n-s´-Sp-

Øp. Ah-km\w 38-˛mw A£mw-i-

tc-Jsb B[m-c-am°n sImdn-bsb

sX°pw hS-°p-ambn hn -Pn-®p. djy-

bpsS ]n¥p-W-tbmsS Inw C¬

kpßv (Kim Ill Sung)s‚ Iayq-WnÃv

`c-Whpw Ata-cn-°-bpsS ]n--¥p-W-

tbmsS knßvam≥ do (SyngmanRhee) bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Z£n-W-

sIm-dn-bbpw \ne-hn¬ h∂p. ]n

∂oSv ioX-bp-≤-Im-eØv bpt≤m-’p-

I-amb AXn¿ Øn-I-fp≈ c≠v A]-

I-S-Im-cn-I-fmb cmPy-ß-fmbn Ccp-

sIm-dn-bbpw amdn.

ioX-bp-≤-Im-esØ im‡nI

InS-a-’-c-Øn¬ G‰hpw oXn-P-\-I-

amb Hcp kw`-h--ambncp∂p. 1950-˛53

Ifnse DØc Z£nW sImdn-b-Iƒ

XΩnep≈ bp≤w. sImdn-b≥ bp≤w

Hcp BtKmf ]Xn-k-‘n-bmbn hf-

apkm-^nÀ

sImdn-bm ]Xn-k‘n

470

392006 \hw-_¿

cp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp BtKmf bp≤-

Øns‚ ]cn-th-j-tØmsS Ac-tß-

dnb sImdn-b≥ bp≤w ]sØm-ºXv

cm-Py-߃ ]s¶-SpØ Hcp sN-dnb

temI alm-bp≤w Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-

∂p. 1950 Pq¨ 25\v djy-bp-tSbpw

ssN\-bp-tSbpw cl-ky-]n-¥p-W-

tbm-sS, sImdn-b≥ AXn¿Øn-bmb

38-˛mw A£mwi tcJ DØ-c-sIm-

dnb IS-∂m-I-an-°p-Ibpw sRmSn-bn-

S-°p-≈n¬ Z£n-W-sIm-dn-bsb Iog-

S-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. DS≥ Xs∂

Ata-cn-°-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ sF

Iy-cmjvSk`mc£m-k-anXn-bn¬

sImdn-b-s°-Xnsc ]tabw sIm≠p

h-∂p. ]tabw djy-bpsS A`m-h-

Øn¬ FXn¿∏n-√msX ]m m-bn.

]tabw ]mkm-hm≥ AXm-bXv

bp. F≥ c£m-k-an-Xn-bn¬ djy-

bpsS km∂n[yw C√m-Xm-hm≥

Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp kml-Ncyw

D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ Npcp°w

C]-Im-c-am-Wv. c≠mw temI-a-lm-

bp-≤-Øn\v tijw Pnbmßv Io

sjbv°ns‚ Ipan-¥mßv I£n-bm-

bn-cp-∂p ssN\-bn¬ A[n-Im-c-Øn-

ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. 1949¬ "ssN\-bn¬

djy-bpsS ]n¥p-W-tbmsS Iqan-¥m-

ßns\ A´n-a-dn®v amthm sk Xp

ßns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ hnπhw Ac-

tß-dp-Ibpw Iayq-WnÃv c-W-IqSw

A[n-Im-c-Øn¬ hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp.

KXy-¥-c-an -√msX Pnbmßv Io

sjbvIv ssN\m alm-cm-Py-Øn\p

sXm´p-In-S-°p∂ Xmbv hm\n¬

(t^m¿tamk Zzo]v) A`bw tXSp-

Ibpw AhnsS Hcp kam -¥c

k¿°m¿ cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw AXn\v

"dn∏-ªn°v Hm v ssN\' F∂v \ma-

I-cWw sNøp-Ibpw sNbvXp. temI-

Ønse G‰hpw P\-kw-Jy-bp≈

cmPy-amb ssN\sb ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-

®Xv Cu sIm®p Zzo]m-bn-cp-∂p.

CXn¬ ]Xn-tj-[n®p djy sFIy-

cmjvS k`-bpsS kpc-£m-k-anXn

_ln-jv°-cn®p. Cu Ime-L-´-Øn-

em-bn-cp∂ Ata-cn-°-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-

Øn¬ sImdn-b-s°-Xnsc ]tabw

]mkm-b-Xv. ]tabw 38-˛mw A£mw

itcJ-bn-te°v aS-ßp-hm≥ D-Ø-c-

sIm-dn-b-tbmSv B⁄m-]n-®p. ]ta-

b-Øn¬ DØ-c-sIm-dn-b-s°-Xnsc

bp≤w sNøm-\p≈ Blzm-\ap≠m-

bn-cp-∂n-√. ]t£, Ata-cn° Ah-

kcw apX-se-SpØv 18 cmPy-ßsf

tN¿Øv DØ-c-sIm-dnbs°Xnsc

P∏m-\n¬ \n∂pw AI-a-am-cw-`n-®p.

sX°≥ sImdnb Xncn®p ]nSn® bp.-

F≥. tk\ DØ-c-sIm-dn -bsb

]nt∂m -Sn-∏n-®p. Ata-cn-°≥ ]kn-

U≠v Sqam≥ ssN\-bpsS AXn¿

Øn-te°v DØ-c-sIm-dn-b≥ ssk

\ysØ B´n-∏m-bn-°m≥ DØ-c-hn-

Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu kµ¿ -Øn¬

ssN\ bp≤-Øn¬ t\cn-´n-S-s∏-Sp-

sa∂p oj-Wn-ap-g-°p-Ibpw ssN\-

bpsS ]q¿Æ kl-I-c-W-tØmsS

DØ-c-sIm-dn-b≥ ]´mfw bp.-F≥.

tk\ \ne-bp-d-∏n® ]tZiw Xncn-

®p-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-km

\w aq∂v h¿-jsØ ]c-kv]cw bp≤-

Øn∂p-tijw djy sFIy-cm-jvS-

k`bn¬ CS-s]´v 1953 Pqsse 23\v

k-am-[m\ k‘n-bp-≠m-°p-I-bm-bn-

cp-∂p. sF Iy-cm-jvS-k- -bpsS Ac-

e£w S-∑m¿ sIm√-s∏´ Cu bp≤-

Øn¬ sImdn-b°v c≠-c-e£w

t]sc-bmWv \jvS-s∏-´-Xv. AXn-\p-

]p-dta Af-h‰ [\-\-jvShpw. c≠mw

temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Øn-\p-tijw, tem

Iw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn® Hcp BtKm

fbp≤ ]-Xn-k-‘n-bm-bn-cp∂p CXv.

amX-a√, ]gb eoKv Hm^v t\j

t\m, sFIycm-jvS-k-`t°m AXp-

hsc Hcp bp≤w sNbvX A\p-`-h-

hp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ioX-bp-≤-Im-e

sØ aq¿≤-\y-Z-isb Ipdn-°p∂

c≠v ]uc kvXy (ssN-\bpw `mKn-

I-ambn djy-bpw) i‡n-I-fpsS K

Wy-amb ]¶m-fn-Xz-ap-≠mb Cu tem

I-kw-`hw A©p Zim-_vZ-߃°p

apºv hmKv ZØ ako-lns‚ ⁄m\-

Zr-jvSn-bn¬ an∂n-a-dn-™Xpw ]h-N-

\-`m-j-bn¬ AXv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-

´Xpw A¤p-X-I-c-am-Wv.

Ct∏m-gnXm ho≠pw Hcp sImdn-

bm ]Xn-k-‘n-bn-eqsS temIw \Sp-

ßp-I-bm-Wv. 2006 HIvtSm-_¿ 9˛mw

XnøXn DØ-c-sIm-dnb \S-Ønb

BW-h-kvt^m-S-\-Øn-\p-tijw

temI-Øns‚ BWh cwKw ]£p-

_v[-am-hp-I-bm-Wv. 1968se AWzm-

bp[ \n¿hym-]-\-°-cm¿ ]Imcw

Ata-cn°, djy, -ssN\, ^m≥kv,

_n´¨ F∂o A©p cmPy-ß-fm-

bn-cp∂p BW-h-i-‡nIfmbn Aw

Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xv. Ah¿ a‰p cmPy-

ß-fn-te°v BW-h-km-t¶-Xn-I-hnZy

]I-cp-Itbm a‰p cmPy-߃ AXv

kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm sNø-cpXv F∂m-

bn-cp∂p Icm¿. ]n∂oSv Ckm-

tbepw C¥ybpw ]m°n-ÿm\pw

Cu I-cm¿ ewLn-®p-sIm≠v BWh

hnkvt^m-S\w \S-Øp-Ibpw \yq¢n-

b¿ Bbp-[-߃ \n¿Ωn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. AXn-\p-tijw hf-sc-

tbsd Zqc-hym-]-I-amb ]Xym-Lm-

X-ßfp≠m°p-∂-XmWv DØ-c-sIm-

dn-b-bpsS Ct∏m-gsØ BW-h-

kvt^m-S-\w.

sImdn-b≥ kvt^mS-\-tØmsS

BW-h-k-¥p-e\w \jvS-s∏´ tem

IØv, cmPy-߃ H∂n-\p-]n-dsI

as‰m-∂mbn BW-hm-bp-[-߃

\n¿Ωn-°m≥ XpS-ßptam F∂ oXn

km¿∆-Xn-I-am-bn-cn-°-bm-Wv. ]kn-

U≠v _pjv, CdmJv Cdm≥ AS°w

DØ-c-sIm-dn-bsb Xn∑-bpsS A®p-

X≠v F∂v amX-a√ hnti-jn-∏n-®-

Xv. Ah-cpsS ]kn-U≠v Inw

tPmwßv C√ns\ ]n‹n, \oN≥

Fs∂-√m-ap≈ ]Z-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®v

temI-hym-I-ambn DØ-c-sIm-dn-b-

s°-Xnsc ]Nm-cWw \S-Øn-h-cn-I-

bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. kvt^mS-\Øn\p

tijw sImdn-b≥ DtZym-K-ÿ≥am¿

im¥-k-ap-Z-Ønse Ab¬cm-Py-ß-

fmb Z£n-W-sIm-dn -b, P∏m≥,

BkvtX-enb F∂o cmPy-ß-tfmSv

BWh hnkvt^m-S\w \SØn

Ata-cn-°-bpsS BW-h-kp-c£mh

e-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw Bin-X-Xz-Øn¬

\n∂pw ]pdØv hcm≥ Blzm\w

sNøp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Cdm-Jn¬ BW-

471

40 kXyZqX≥

hm-bp[- kma-Kn-I-f-pw, Iq´ \io-I-

c-Wm-bp-[-ß-fpap-s≠∂v I≈-]-Nm-

cWw \S-Ønbm-bn-cp-∂p-ht√m A

ta-cn° B cmPysØ BI-an-®-Xv.

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Cdm-Jns‚ ssIh

iw BW-hm-bp-[-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-

∂p-sh-¶n¬ Hcn-°epw Ata-cn°

Cdm-Jns\ BI-an-°n-√m-bn-cp∂p

F∂mWv DØ-c-sIm-dn-b-bpsS \ym

bw. Ata-cn-°-bpsS Bk-∂-amb

BI-a-W-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ kpc-£

°v th≠nbmWv X߃ BW-hm-

bp-[-߃ \n¿Ωn-®n-cn°p-∂Xv F

∂mWv sIm-dn-b-bpsS Ah-Im-i-

hmZw.

`oXn-P-\-I-amb Ct∏m-gsØ

temI-cw-KsØ Ah-tem-I\w sN

bvXp-sIm≠v A¥m-cmjvS A--t‰m-

anIv F\¿Pn GP≥kn (IAEA)bpsS

ta[mhn apl-ΩZv A¬ _dmZn ]d

™ Imcyw hf-sc-tbsd it≤-b-

am-Wv. temIØv C∂v 30 cmPy-ß

ƒ°v AWzm-bp[ \n¿ΩmW tijn-

bp-≠v. Ipd-™-k-a-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬

Ah¿ °Xv \n¿Ωn-°m-\m-hpw. hnI-

knX cmPy-߃ Xß-fpsS kam-[m-

\m-h-iy-߃°p-th≠n D]-tbm-Kn-

°p∂ BW-h -km-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy D]-

tbm-Kn®v Ffp-∏-Øn¬ Bbp-[-ß-

fp≠m-°m-\m-hp -sa∂v At±lw

Bi¶ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ B‰w-t_mw_v

\n¿ΩmW kmt¶Xn-I-hnZy 60

h¿jw ]g-°-ap≈ H∂m-Wv. 1945¬

lntcm-jn-a-bnepw \mK-km-°n-bnepw

Ata-cn° h¿jn® t_mw_v \yq¢n-

b¿ ^nj≥ (Nuclear Fission - A-

Wp-hn-J-fi-\w) kmt¶-Xn-I-hnZy

D]-tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠p≈Xm-Wv. A

Xn-\p-tijw AXn-t\-°mƒ FX

tbm Cc´n amc-I-ti-jn-bp≈ \yq

¢nb¿ ^yqj≥ (Nuclear fussion -AWp-`mcw Ipd™ sslU-P≥

AWp-tIµßƒ kwtbm-Pn®v lo

enbw t]mse-bp≈ AWp-tIµw

D≠m-Ip∂ hnZysb ASn-ÿm-\-am-

°n -bp -≈-Xv) t_mw_p-I-fmWv

AWzm-bp[ i‡n-I-fpsS ssIøn¬

Ct∏mƒ D≈Xv. hnZyp-—‡n D¬]m-

Zn-∏n-°p-∂ mÃv _oU¿ dnbm-IvS-

dp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n°p∂ kºp

jvS bptd-\nbw FXtbm hnI-knX

cmPyß-fpsS ssIøn-ep-≠v. Hcp

dnt∏m¿´v ]Imcw P∏ms‚ ssI

øn¬ Ah-cpsS BW-h- dn-bmIvSdp-

I-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n-® 40 S¨ ]vfqt´m-

Wnbw Ct∏mƒ X-s∂-bp-≠v. CXv

sIm≠v 5000 \yq¢n-b¿ t_mw_v

\n¿Ωn°masX. h¿jw tXmdpw 8

S¨ ]vfqt‰m-Wnbw P∏m\pw \yq¢n-

b¿ tÃm°n¬ Ip∂p-Iq-Sp-∂p-ap-≠v.

(Frontline - Nov. 2006) Xmc-X-tay\

Ahn-I-kn-X-cm-Py-amb DØ-c-sIm-dn-

bsb At]-£n®v hnI-knX cmPy-

amb P∏m\pw AXp-t]m-se-bp≈

a‰v cmPy-߃°pw t_mw_v \n¿Ωm

Ww \njv]-bmkamb Imcy-am-

sW∂v Npcp-°w.

DØ-c-sIm-dnb \yq¢n-b¿ t_mw

_v \n¿Ωm-W-tØm-sSm∏w djy-bp-

tSbpw ssN\-bp-tSbpw klm-b-

tØmsS hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØ an

ssk¬ sSIvt\m-f-Pn-bnepw _lp-

Zqcw apt∂m- p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Ah-

cpsS ssIh-i-ap≠v F∂v Bi-¶-

s∏-Sp∂ 5000 ˛ apX¬ 6000 In. ao.

hsc Zqc-]-cn-[n-bp≈ Xmbv t]m

tSmßv _men-Ãn°v anssk-ens‚

AI-a-W-]-cn-[n-bn¬ shdpw 5000 In.-

ao. amXw Zqc-ap≈ Ata-cn° Dƒ

s∏-Sp∂p≠v. 1998se dwkv ^o¬Uv

IΩo-j≥ dnt∏m¿´n¬ Ata-cn-°°v

t\sc `qJ-fim-¥-c _m-en-Ãn°v

anssk¬ ]tbm-Kn-°m≥ km[y-X-

bp≈ cmPy-ß-fn-sem-∂v DØ-c-sIm-

dn-b-bm-sW∂ ap∂-dn-bn∏pap≠m-bn-

cp-∂p. DØ-c-sIm-dn-b-bpsS ssI

øn¬ \yq¢n-b¿ t_mw_pw AXv

hnt£-]n -°m-\p≈ ansskepw

Ds≠∂v hcp-tºmƒ Ata-cn-°-bpsS

Dd°w sISp-Øm≥ as‰¥pthWw?

DØ-c-sIm-dn-b-bpsS BWh

hnkvt^m-S-\-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS Nnc-

Ime kplrØpw ]uc-kvXy-i-‡n-

bp-amb ssN\-bpsS \ne-]msS¥m-

sW∂v temIw D‰p-t\m-°p-I-bm-Wv.

kvt^mS-\-Øn\v tijw bp.-F≥.

skIyq-cn‰n Iu¨kn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-

Ønb D]-tcm-[sØ BZyw ssN

\bpw ]n≥Xm-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£,

]n∂oSv ssN\bpw djybpw AXn

se Nne hyh-ÿ-I-tfmSv hntbm-

Pn∏v ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. DØ-

c-sIm-dn-b-bn-te-°p≈ Nc°v hchv

t]m°v ]cn-tim-[n-°-W-sa∂ hyh-

ÿ-tbmSv Ah¿ hntbm-Pn-®n-cn-°p-

I-bm-Wv. D-]-tcm[w \ne-\n¬s°

sImdnb C\nbpw BW-h-]-cn-]m-Sn-

I-fp-ambn apt∂m´p t]m bm¬ Ata-

cn-°-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ D≠m-

tb-°m-hp∂ ssk\nI \S-]-Sn-tbmSv

ssN\bptSbpw djy-bp-tSbpw ]Xn-

I-c-W-sa-¥m-bn-cn°pw? DØcsIm-dn-

b- krjvSn® Cu Zp¿L-S-k-‘n-

bn¬ ]uc-kvXy-i-‡n-bmbn hf-cp

∂ ssN\-bpsS h√ cl-ky-]-¶p-ap

t≠m? AKm-[-amb ASn-sbm-gp-°p-

Ifpw AWn-b-d-\m-S-I-ß-fp-ap≈

BtKmf cmjvSo-b-Øns‚ KXn-hn-

K-Xn-Iƒ ]h-Nn-°pI Akm-[yw.

hmKvZØv ako-lns‚ shfn-]m-Sp-

Iƒ Hcn-°¬ IqSn \ap°v kvacn

°mw "Hcp ]uckvXy i‡nbpw

sImdn-b-bpsS Zp¿LS-ÿn-Xnbpw!'

ZpB-bpsS ]Xn-I-cWwZpB sNøp-tºmƒ A√m-lp-hns‚ i≤ Xnf-®p-s]m-

ßn-h-cn-Ibpw ZpB sNøp∂ Bfn¬ im¥nbpw kam-

[m-\hpw bYm¿∞--amb B\µhpw Ic-K-X-am-Ip-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p-sh-∂Xv A√m-lp-hns‚ ]≠v apX-te-bp≈

Bflo-b-amb Hcp kzm`m-hn-I \nbaam-Wv.

lZvdØv AlvaZv (A), A-øm-ap- p¬lv

472

412006 \hw-_¿

A_q-Zm_n : k]vXw-_¿ 22- mw

\p sh≈n-bmgvN "da-Zm≥' Bcw-`w

]Jym-]n-®Xv sX‰m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw

bYm¿∞Øn¬ c≠p-Zn-hkw Ign-

™mWv ]Jym-]n-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂-

sX∂pw bp. F. C. bnse tPymXn-

»m-kvX-⁄-∑m¿ A`n-]m-b-s∏- n-cn-

°p-∂p. 22mw\p sh≈n-bmgvN Nµ-

°e ZriyX Akw-`-hy-am-bn-cp-∂p-

sh∂v bp.-F.-C. AkvtSm-Wan

skmssk‰n F©n-\o-b-dmb apl-

ΩZv iu°Øv HmsZ-bpw, jm¿P-

bnse Ata-cn-°≥ bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-

bn¬ ^nknIvkv, AkvtSm-Wan

Atkm-tjy‰ v s]m^-k-dmb

tUmIvS¿ \n[m¬Kyqkqapw hni-Zo-

I-cn-°p-∂p.

""A∂v (22.9.06-\v) kqcym-kvX-a-

\-Øn\p apºp-Xs∂ Nµ≥ AkvX-

an-®n-cp-∂p. kqcym-kvX-a-\-Øn-\p-

tijw ImWm≥ Nµ≥ BIm-i-

Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.'' HmsZ ]d-bp-∂p.

""aq∂p hn[-Øn-ep≈ Nµ-°e

Zriy-X-bmWv \ap-°p-≈-Xv. kqcym-

kvX-a-\-Øn-\p--ap-ºp-Xs∂ Nµ≥

AkvXan -°p∂ Ah-ÿ-bmWv

BZy-tØ-Xv. At∏mƒ ZriyX A

kw-`-hy-am-Wv. ImcWw hkvXp

(Nµ≥) BIm-i-Øn-√. kqcym-kvX-

a-\-Øn-\p-tijw Nµ≥ AkvX-an-

°p-∂p-sh-¶nepw ImW¬ Xosc

Akm-≤y-am-Wv. AXmWv c≠m-a

sØ Ah-ÿ. aq∂m-a-tØXv Im

Wm≥ km[y-X-bp≈ Ah-ÿ-bm-

Wv. k]vXw-_¿ 22mw\p sh≈n-bm

Kƒ^v \yqkv, HIvtSm-_¿ 4, 2006 (_p-[≥)

"da-Zm≥' Zn\w sX‰mbn ]Jym-]n-°-s∏-´p2006 k]vXw-_¿ 22-˛mw \p sh≈n-bmgvN dwkm≥ amk-Øns‚

Nµ°e Zriy-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v tPymXn-»m-kvX-PvR-∑m¿

dm\nb l_o-_v

gvN CkvemanI cmPy-ß-fn-sem-∂n

epw Nµ-°e ZriyX kw`-hy-am-bn-

cp-∂n-√. a\p-jy-k-l-P-amb sX‰p-

aq-e-amWv Cu A_≤w ]nW-™-

sX-∂mWv a\- n-em-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

]cn-N-b-°p-d-hp≈ \nco-£-I¿ X

߃ Nµ-°e Z¿in-®-Xmbn hniz-

kn-°p-∂p. kuZn Atd-_y-bn¬

Nµ-°e Zriy-ambXmbn Ah-Im-i-

s∏-Sp-∂p. CØcw kml-N-cy-ß-fn

¬ hfsc Ffp-∏-Øn¬ sX‰p ]‰m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv. as‰t¥m H∂ns\ t\

cnb, aßn-b, sX∂n-am-dp∂ Nµ-°-

e-bmbn sX‰n-≤-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.''

tUmIvS¿ Kyqkpw ]d-bp-∂p.

""k]vXw_¿ 22mw\p sh≈n-

bmgvN sa¿°pdn (_p-[≥) NI-hm-

f-Øn¬ hfsc kao-]ÿ-am-bn-cp-

∂p. AXv Nµ-°-e-bmbn sX‰n-≤-

cn-®n-cn-°mw.'' HmsZ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-

∂p. ""sa¿°pdn Hcn-°epw Nµ-s\-

t∏m-se-b√.'' At±lw ]d-bp-∂p.

""Nµ-°-e-sb-t∏mse as‰m∂pw C

√. F∂m¬ \nco-£-I≥ ]cn-N-b-

°p-d-hp≈ Bfm-sW-¶n¬, Hcp

tPymXn-im-kvX-⁄-\-s√-¶n¬ F

¥mWv ImWp-∂-sX∂v Abm-f-dn-bp-

∂n-√. Nµ-°e At\z-jn®v \n

߃ Zo¿L-t\cw BIm-iØv Zrjv

Sn-tI-µo-I-cn-®m¬, H∂p-an-s√-¶n¬

Øs∂ Fs¥-¶nepw ImWpw.

tPymXn-im-kvX-PvR-∑m¿°p t]m

epw Cßs\ kw`-hn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-

Wv. ""k]vXw-_¿ 22mw\p sh≈n-bm

gvN D≠m-bn-cp-s∂∂p ]d-bp∂ Nµ-

°eZriyX Xncp-Ø-s∏-tS≠ Hcp

A_-≤-am-bn -cp -∂p-sh∂v tUm.

Kyqkpw ]d-bp-∂p. kuZn Atd-_y-

b-S°w temIw apgp-h-\pap≈ tPym

Xn-im-kvX-⁄-∑m¿ A∂v Nµ-

°e ZriyX Akw-`-hy-am-sW∂v

]d-™-Xn-\m¬ A∂v Nµ-°e

Z¿in-®p-sh∂p ]d-™-Xns\ AwKo-

I-cn® kuZn Atd_ym A[n-Ir-X¿

AXv shdp-samcp A_-≤-am-sW∂v

a\- n-em-°-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. CØcw

kml-N-cy-ßfn¬ Ht∂m AXn-e-[n-

Itam Bfp-I-fpsS km£y-Øn\v

Hcp hne-bp-an-s√∂pw a‰p am\-Z-

WvU-߃ ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I-bmWv

th≠-sX∂pw De-am-°ƒ AYhm

^pJ-lm-°ƒ (I¿Ω imkvX-]-

WvUn-X-∑m¿) a\- n-em-°-Wsa-∂-

XmWv ]iv\w.

HmsZ-bpsS A`n-]m-b-Øn¬

kuZn-A-td-_y-bnse aXm-[n-Im-cn-

Iƒ tPymXn-»m-kvXhpw tPymXn-

jhpw XΩn¬ Iq´n-°p-g-bv°p-I-

bmWv sNbvXXv. tPymXnjw

Ckveman¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-´n-√.

R߃ tPymXn-j-°m-c-√. Rß

fpw Ahcpw XΩn¬ (tPym-Xn-im-

kvX-⁄-∑mcpw tPymXn-j-°mcpw

XΩn¬) henb hyXym-k-ap-≠v. ''

At±lw ]d-™p.

""Cu hyXymkw kuZn-bnse

apkvenw ]WvUn-X-∑m¿°v hy‡

ambn Adn-bn-√. Ah¿ tPymXn-im-

kvX-⁄-∑m-cp-ambn N¿® sNøp-

∂p-an-√. ''

473

42 kXyZqX≥

tImgn-t°mSv taJem aPv-enkv

A≥km-dp -√m-lns‚ B`n-ap -Jy-

Øn¬ \hw-_¿ 10- 11- 2006 (sh-≈n),

18-˛11-˛2006 (i-\n), 25-˛11-˛2006 (i-\n)

F∂o Xnø-Xn-I-fn¬ tImgn-t°mSv

Su¨lm-fn¬ sh®v \_n-Io¿Ø\

tbmK-߃ \S-Øm≥ Xocp-am-\n-

®Xmbn A≥km-dp-√mlv taJem

\mknw Fkv. apl-ΩZv kenw

]kvXm-hn-®p. kwÿm\ kbnw

]n.]n. \mk-dp-±o≥ A≤y£w hln-

°pw. tbmKw tImgn-t°mSv taJem

Aao¿ G.-]n. Ip™map kmln_v

DZvLm-S\w sNøpw. tbmK-ß-fn¬

\_n-Io¿Ø-\- k-tΩ-f-\-߃auem\m apl-ΩZv Da¿, tUm. Fw.-

Pn.-F-kv. \mcm-b-W≥, tUm. sI.-

sI.-F≥. Ipdp-∏v, s]m^. ]nb-

Z¿i≥ em¬, io. Cøm-t®cn

Ip™n-Ir-jvW≥, F∂n-h¿ ]kw-

Kn-°pw. sI.-]n.-F. dlow, s]m^.

alvaqZv AlvaZv, auehn Ckvam

bo¬ auehn Kpemw Ckvambn¬,

amZm¿, A_vZp-»°q¿, tUm. kem-

lp-±o≥, \Po-_v F©n-\o-b¿, G.-

Fw. apl-ΩZv keow apX-em-b-h¿

hnhn[ hnj-b-ßsf kw_-‘n®v

]`m-j-W-߃ \n¿∆-ln°pw.

aÆm¿°mSv Pam-A-Øns‚ap≥ ]kn-U≠pw kPo-hmw-KhpwIpºf kztZ-in-bp-amb G. Ip-™laZv kmln_v \hw-_¿ 1˛mwXnøXn cmXn 7.30\v aÆm¿°mSvsh®v h^m-Øm-bn. C∂m-en-√mlnh C∂m.............

Pam-A-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Bth-i-tØm-Sp-IqSn F∂pwap∂-Wn-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ip™mapkmln_v kXy-Zq-Xs‚ A`yp-Z-b-Imw-£nbpw \s√mcp hmb-\-°m-c-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. AlvaZnøm ]Nm-cWw Pohn-X-h-X-ambn kzoI-cn®At±lØns‚ \njvI-f-¶-amb ]h¿Ø\w AlvaZn-Iƒ°v amXr-IbmWv. A√mlp ]tc-X\v P∂Øpw aKv^n-dØpw \¬In-b-\p-K-ln-°-s´. (Bao≥).

a°ƒ : kn±oJv lk≥, \qdp-±o≥, ^k-ep-±o≥, jwkp-±o≥,\mkn-ap -±o≥, km_nd, lmPd,Xzmln-d, aeo-l. acp-a-°ƒ : \ko¿(I-cp-fm-bn), Akokv (F-d-Wm-Ip-fw), ico^v (tIm-gn-t°m-Sv), \kow(]-g-b-ßm-Sn), \pk-Øv (Icp-fmbn),PeP (]≈n-∏p-dw), imln\ (Iq-Sm-fn), imln\ (tIm-gn-t°m-Sv). ktlm-Z-c-߃: aqk amÿ, aΩp amÿ,l°ow _tØcn (dn-´. Un.-ssh.-F-kv.-]n.), ImZ¿, apl-Ω-Zv. P\mktIc-f-Øns‚ \m\m--`m-K-Øp-\n-∂p-ap≈ Pam-A-ØwKß-fpsS km∂n-≤y-Øn¬ aÆm¿°mSv ivaim-\-Øn¬ J_d-S-°n.

Fw.-sI. C_n®n-tIm-b´n,

amt\-P¿, kXy-Zq-X≥

tImgn-t°mSv

G. Ip™laZvkmln_v

]m]-tam-N-\-Øn-∂mbn Xs‚ ]nb-

s∏´ GI-a-Is\ Ipcn-ip-a-cWw

sIm≠p _en -b¿∏n -®n´pw B

]m]hpw AXns‚ in£bpw C∂pw

\ne-\n∂p hcn-I-bm-W-t√m.

FX-amXw ItTm-c-Nn-Ø-\mb

Hcp ssZh-sØ-bmWv InkvXp-aXw

temI-Øn-∂p-ap-ºmsI ]Z¿in-∏n-

°p-∂-Xv?

Npcp-°-Øn¬, InkvXym-\n-I-

fpsS Cu ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-kn-≤m¥w

A¿∞-iq-\yhpw _p≤n°pw bp-

(22 ˛mw t]Pn¬ \n∂v XpS¿®) ‡n°pw tbmPn-°m-Ø-Xp-am-sW-∂-

Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. F∂m¬ ]m]-hn-

tam-N-\-Øn-∂mbn kXy-hn-izm-kw,

k¬°¿Ω-߃, F√m-hn[ Ip‰-Ir-

Xy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw ]m]-I¿Ω-ß-

fn¬ \n∂pw hn´p-\n¬°p-I. k¿

t∆m-]cn ssZhm-\p-Klw F∂n-h-bm

Wv A\n-hm-cy-sa∂p hnip-≤-Jp¿-B

\pw ss__nfpw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p.

_p≤n°pw bp‡n°pw kzoIm-cy-

amb Hcp kn-≤m-¥-am-Wn-Xv. A√m

sX cma∂v Xe-th-Z-\-sb-¶n¬ tIm

as‚ Xe-X-√n-s∏m-fn-°p∂ kn≤m-

¥-a-√.

Al-¶mcwAl-¶mcw ]e coXn-bn-ep-≠v. Nne-t∏mƒ AXv IÆn-eqsS \n¿§-an-

°p-∂p. Hcmsf Xpdn®p t\m°p-tºmƒ AXn-\¿∞w Abmsf \n m-c-

\mbpw Xs∂ D∂-X-\mbpw Icp-Xp-∂p-sh-∂m-Wv. Nne-t∏mƒ B Al-

¶mcw \mhn-eqsS shfn-bn¬ hcp-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ AXv Xe-bn-eqsS ]I-

S-am-Ip-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ ssIIm-ep-I-fneqsS AXv shfn-hm-Ip-∂p. Npcp-

°-Øn¬ Al-¶m-c-Øn\v A\-h[n Ddh-Iƒ D≠v. kXy-hn-izmkn Ah-

bn¬ \ns∂√mw AI-∂n-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Al-¶m-c-Øns‚ Zp¿K‘w

han-°p-∂Xpw K¿∆v ]I-S-am-Ip-∂-Xp-amb Hcp Ah-b-hhpw Ah-\n-ep-

≠m-I-cp-Xv.

lZvdØv AlvaZv (a¬^q-kmØv )

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