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Pequeno-Almoço com a Sustentabilidade 18 de Janeiro de 2015 Grupo Oeiras 21+
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Carlo Bifulco 1,3, Anabela Marcos Pereira 1,3, Vera Calado Ferreira 2, Ana Pinto Mota 2,
Lara Rodrigues Martins 2 , and Francisco Castro Rego 1
1 Centro Ecologia Aplicada Prof. Baeta Neves, InBIO,
Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
2 Infraestruturas de Portugal S.A., Almada, Portugal
3 APENA, Lisboa, Portugal
Renewing dangerous slopes
(Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
November 2014
January 2013
Main Objective Showing that soil bioengineering is a good tool to
build new landscapes and to solve geotechnical
issues on slopes, even in Portugal, with a
Mediterranean climate and long periods of water
scarcity.
Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
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Algeria
Turkey
Sweden
Ukraine
Spain
France
FinlandNorway
Italy
PolandGermany
Morocco
Syria
Byelarus
Romania
Tunisia
United Kingdom
Latvia
Serbia
Greece
Bulgaria
Austria
Ireland
Hungary
Jordan
Portugal
Lithuania
Estonia
Croatia
Slovakia
Czech RepublicBelgium
MoldovaSwitzerland
Albania
Denmark
Netherlands
Israel
Cyprus
Lebanon
West Bank
N
EW
S
Malveira
Specific Objectives
Showing results of several techniques in a large
project, carried out with autochthones species, in
order to obtain consolidation, stabilization and erosion
control, in grounds with irregular moisture.
Showing how we dealt with technical and working
issues related to soil bioengineering projects
on slopes, in Portugal.
Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
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Soil bioengineering in Portugal, a Mediterranean region
Until now in Portugal, SB main projects were implemented
in Lisbon, in the forest park of Monsanto, and during the
development of INTERREG projects PROGECO,
RIPIDURABLE, RICOVER.
The main objective of those demonstrative SB projects
was reinforcing stream banks along water streams and
lake shore.
This abundance of project on water stream could be
linked to the investments of
basin authorities along those
areas, and to the easy results
obtained in ground with
permanent moisture. 4
Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
PROGECO project 2006 (PROGECO)
Issues about Malveira junctions slopes
No plant cover. Intercalation of arenite layers with clay,
less permeable. Occurrences of differential erosion.
Suspended water levels present.
Temporary water runoffs. Broad deep gully erosion.
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Malveira 2013 Malveira 2013
Issues about Malveira junctions slopes
No plant cover. Broad deep gully erosion.
Deposit of fine clay on road surface
from silted surface drainage system.
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Malveira 2013 Malveira 2013
Issues about Malveira junctions slopes
Rock mobilization. Temporary water runoffs.
Deep gully erosion.
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Malveira 2012 Malveira 2013 Malveira 2013
Issues about Malveira junctions slopes
Collapsed platforms and drainage system.
Landslides.
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Malveira 2014 Malveira 2012
The soil bioengineering project
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Sowings with Straw Mat
Hedge Brush Layers
Vegetated Gabions
Mats
Shrub Planting
and Sowings
with Straw Mulch
Vegetated Gabions
Vegetated
Wooden Weirs
Living Combs Hydroseedings
Hydroseedings on Geogrid
Sowings with Straw Mat
Vegetated platform
“the Portuguese”
Reshaping slopes and some riprap before SB works
The soil bioengineering project
Plant species used (shrubs and grasses) where
previously investigated and tested in CEABN researches
(in progress since 2012)
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Santo Tirso 2014
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
May 2014 June 2014
July 2014 July 2014
May 2014
July 2014
Issues due to work period
An unsuitable period to implement soil bioengineering
Issues due to work period
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
3 months STANDARD PRECIPITATION INDEX (SPI3)
of Western Rivers Basin, February 2014 - June 2015
(elaborated on data from IPMA, 2015)
Slope
reshaping
and rip rap
Soil
bioengineering
Monitoring
Results of implemented works
Sowings with straw mat (implemented in June-July 2014 not irrigated)
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Sowings with straw mat, on second,
third, fourth, and fifth slope step, July
2014
Sowings with straw mat, on third slope
step. Herbaceous cover of both
gramineous and leguminosae
April 2015
Results of implemented works
Hydroseeding (implemented in October and December 2014, not irrigated)
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Carrying out hydroseeding on the slope,
December 2014
Herbaceous cover of only gramineous
on the slope steps processed with
hydroseeding, May 2015;
slope surfaces not green are rocky
arenites, intentionally not treated
Results of implemented works
Hedge brush layers (implemented in July 2014, drip watered until September 2014)
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Hedge brush layers and the
unprocessed slope, March 2015 Hedge brush layers
implementation, end of July 2014
Results of implemented works
Shrub planting (associate to sowings with straw mulch) (implemented in October 2014 not irrigated)
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
On the left, shrub planting and sowing
with straw mulch, January 2015
Shrub planting and sowing with straw mulch,
May 2015
Results of implemented works
Vegetated Gabions (implemented in May-July 2014 drip watered
until September 2014)
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Vegetated gabions (middle steps), June 2015
Vegetated gabions (upper steps) ,June 2015
Vegetated gabions (lower steps), June 2015
Results of implemented works
Vegetated wooden weirs (implemented at end July 2014, drip watered until September 2014)
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Vegetated wooden weirs after the
construction July 2014
Vegetated wooden weirs June 2015
Results of implemented works
Living Combs and Vegetated Gabions Mats (implemented at end July 2014, drip watered until September 2014)
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Temporary water runoffs treated with
vegetated gabions mats and live combs,
June 2015
Rooted cuttings on the side of
vegetated gabions mats, June 2015
Conclusions…..
Many verbs to indicate projects and works on landscapes,
all composed by re(again)+otherverb (Collins, 2005)
(Re+)qualification (qualis+facere = quality description) (when
someone qualifies they pass examination they need to work in a particular profession)
Re+habilitation (used for legal or health issues) (to rehabilitate
someone who has been ill or in prison means to help them to live a normal life again)
Re+storation (re+instaurare) (to restore someone or something to a previous
state or condition means to cause them to be in the previous state or condition again)
Re+cover (re+cupere = reacquisition of what was lost) (When
you recover from an illness or an injury, you become well again. If you recover something that
has been lost or stolen, you find it or get it back.)
But could be the implemented a situation equal to the previous?
Re+novation (re+novare) (If someone renovates an old building or machine, they
repair it and get it back into good condition)
Re+new (re+novare) (You can say that something is renewed when it grows or
succeeds again after a time when it was destroyed, lost, or failing)
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Conclusions…..
Soil bioengineering showed all its effectiveness, even
on Portuguese Mediterranean slopes.
Hedge brush layers, shrub planting associated to
sowings with straw mulch, cuttings in vegetated
gabions and in vegetated wooden weirs had a great
success.
Results are one more time positive, considering that
seeds, cuttings and plants were planted in a soil
obtained from deep excavations and without any
humus.
Even carried out in the worst season, the project
outcomes can be considered positive and satisfactory.
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Conclusions…..
If the project had been carried out in the due season,
it would have an even better success.
This pilot project experiments on slopes new
technologies for Portugal, that are more economic
than a project built with structures of concrete.
Better landscapes, cost savings and technical results,
even under meteorological difficult conditions, give
us the hope that this is just a first application of
techniques that will be used in large-scale in Portugal.
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Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
Carlo Bifulco et al. - Renewing dangerous slopes (Malveira junction, A21 highway, Portugal)
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November 2014
November 2015
November 2015
The project
was nominated for the
Green Project awards
Portugal 2015
http://gpa.pt/candidaturas/finalistas/