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PamukkalePamukkalePamukkale is located in the Inner Aegean regionat a distance of 20 km from the town of Denizli in Turkey.

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Pamukkale (Hieraolis! translates to "otton "astle.

The great attraction is the white immensity of the cliff with

scultured #asins full of water and congealed waterfalls$ they

seem done of snow% cloud% cotton.

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On approachingPamukkale, the first thing

you will see is a rockplatform over 100 min height rising up

from the plain.

The slopes of this hill,which look from a

distancelike a great white speck,

are covered withlarge numbers of pools

and terraces.

As you come nearer,you will begin to see

this natural phenomenon,which resembles a froen

waterfall,in greater detail.

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The scientific e&lanation is the hot thermal

laces that lie under the mount ro'oke

the calcium car#onate sill% that makesthe forms as solid as Tra'ertino mar#le.

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The temerature of the water forming the tra'ertines%

which issues from the hot srings on the hills a#o'e%falls to around )" lower down.

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Although the water flowing from the hot srings on the

southern sloes of *alda+ raidly loses heat during its flow

through the oen channels% it is still hot enough to make it

ossi#le for one to #athe (throughout si& months of the year!in the oen,air swimming ools and on the terraces.

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-n emerging to the surface% the solution of calcium,car#onate in the sring water decomoses into

car#on dio&ide% calcium car#onate and water.

The car#on dio&ide is released into the air while the

calcium car#onate searates off from the waterto form a grayish,white limestone sediment.

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The #eds of the water,courses are filled u with these

limestone deosits and the water% confronted with theseo#stacles% slits u into se'eral #ranches.

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The water flows o'er the sloes into ools% the small #asins

surrounding them and finally into the fields #elow.

It is in this way that these terraces o'er 00 m in height

comosed of layers of the accumulated limestone sedimentha'e #een gradually formed in the course of the ages.

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As the limestone sediment reaches a certain le'el the water

accumulates in ools and% as these ools fill u%

o'erflows into smaller ools in the 'icinity and from theseflows into the small hollows and deressions around them.

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The limestone layers in the ools rise u in stes%

one a#o'e the other% and the continual flow of water

kees this rocess in oeration.

The stalactites form one of the most imortant

features in the landscae.

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/ith the formation of the layers and the emergence of stes

and terraces one a#o'e the other% the water lea'es

the limestone deosit #ehind it and dris downin the form of stalactites% as in the Damlata ca'erns.

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The calcium o&ide in the water adds to the thickness ofthe white layers and widens the terraces%

roducing ools in fantastic shaes reminiscent of

oyster shells or flower etals% while the small amount of

sulhur and iron o&ide roduces stries of yellow%red and green o'er the white of the limestone.

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As much the cascades of calcium car#onate

as the water change color in accordance

with changes of the solar light thatilluminates them% and the effect is surrising.

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At times white% others #lue%

or green or other colors.

The sectacle is flaring.

Th ti d i f th i d

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The continuous dynamics of the erosion and

the transformation of the natural landscae

result in an unusual en'ironment.

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PA133A45 is one of the most

uni6ue henomena in nature.

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/e can call PA133A45 the 7th

/onderof the world