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Pan-Slavism

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Homelands of the Slavic peoples of Europe. South Slavs are highlighted in dark green,East Slavs in medium green, and West Slavs in light green.

Pan-Slavism was a movement in the mid !th century aimed at unity of all the Slavic peoples. "he main focus was in the #alkans where the South Slavs had $een ruled andoppressed for centuries $y the three great empires, %ustria&Hungary, the 'ttoman Empireand (enice. )t was also used as a political tool $y $oth the *ussian Empire and itssuccessor the Soviet +nion.

Contentshide-

• 'rigins• "he First /an&Slav 0ongress, /rague, 121• 3 /an&Slavism in 0entral Europe• 2 /an&Slavism in the #alkans• 4 /an&Slavism in /oland• 5 6odern day developments• 7 See also• 1 *eferences

• ! E8ternal links

[edit] Origins

Full&scale /an&Slavism $egan much like /an&9ermanism, $oth of which grew from thesense of unity and nationalism e8perienced within ethnic groups under the domination ofFrance during the apoleonic Wars. ;ike other *omantic nationalist movements, Slavicintellectuals and scholars in the developing fields of  history, philology, and folklore actively encouraged the passion of their shared identity and ancestry. /an&Slavism also

co&e8isted with the Southern Slavic independence.

0ommonly used sym$ols of the /an&Slavic movement were the /an&Slavic colours <$lue,white and red= and the /an&Slavic anthem,  Hey, Slavs.

Some of the earliest manifestations of /an&Slavic thought within the Ha$s$urg 6onarchy have $een attri$uted to %dam Fran> ?oll@r  and /avel Jo>ef Aaf@rik .- "he movement $egan following the end of the apoleonic Wars in 14. )n the aftermath, the leaders of

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"he Southern Slavic movement was active after Ser$ia regained independence from the"urkish 'ttoman Empire. %ustria feared that nationalists would endanger the empire./an&Slavism in the south was vastly different, instead it often turned to *ussia forsupport. "he Southern Slavic movement advocated the independence of the Slavic peoples in %ustro&Hungarian Empire and the 'ttoman Empire. Some Ser$ian

intellectuals sought to unite all of the Southern, #alkan Slavs, whether orthodo8, catholicor 6uslim, under their rule. Ser$ia, Dust having gained independence, was a small nascentstate, whereas the %ustro&Hungarian Empire, though unsta$le, was still a strong opponentto Ser$ia. )n this circumstance, the idea of *ussia involving the Southern Slavic unitywas favored.

"he Southern Slavs were some of the first to revolt against the decaying 'ttomanEmpire. )n 1M5 and again in 14, the Ser$s secured autonomy from the 'ttomans.%lmost immediately after Ser$iaCs autonomy, the Ser$s $egan seeking e8pansion andunity of all the Southern Slavs not under Ser$ian rule.

)n %ustria&Hungary Southern Slavs were distri$uted among several entities: Slovenes inthe %ustrian part <0arniola, Styria, 0arinthia, 9ori>ia and 9radisca, "rieste, )stria <also0roats==, 0roats and Ser$s in the Hungarian part within the autonomous ?ingdom of0roatia&Slavonia and in the %ustrian part within the autonomous ?ingdom of Kalmatia, and in #osnia and Her>egovina, under direct control from (ienna. Kue to a different position within %ustria&Hungary several different goals were prominent among theSouthern Slavs of %ustria&Hungary. % strong alternative to /an&Slavism was%ustroslavism, especially among the Slovenes. #ecause the Ser$s were distri$utedamong several provinces, and the fact that they had special ties to the independent nationstate of Ser$ia, they were among the strongest supporters of independence of South&Slavsfrom %ustria.

%fter World War ) the creation of the ?ingdom of Iugoslavia, under Ser$ian royalty, didunite most Southern Slavs regardless of religion and cultural $ackground<'rthodo8N6uslimN0atholic=. "he only ones they did not unite with were the #ulgarians.Still, in the years after the Second World War , there were plans that #ulgaria should Doinas a 7th repu$lic in communist Iugoslavia, thus uniting all south Slavs into one state citation

needed -. "he idea was left after the $reak $etween "ito and Stalin in !21.

[edit] Pan-Slavism in Poland

%lthough early /an&Slavism had found interest among some /oles, it soon lost its appeal

as the movement $ecame dominated $y *ussia, and while *ussian /an&Slavists spoke ofli$eration of other Slavs through *ussian actions, parts of /oland had $een underoppressive rule $y the *ussian Empire since the /artitions of /oland. Historically, /oland often saw itself in partnership with non&Slavic nations most of the time, such as Hungary,or ;ithuania under the /olish&;ithuanian 0ommonwealth from 45! to 7!4. "heinfluence of !th century /an&Slavism had little impact in /oland e8cept for creatingsympathy towards the other oppressed Slavic nations to regaining independence. %t thesame time while /an&Slavism worked against %ustro&Hungary with South Slavs, /oles

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