Unit 2 Grammar

一般现在时：一般现在时： am ／ is ／ are ＋ p.p. (done)一般过去时：一般过去时：一般将来时：一般将来时：

过去将来时过去将来时 ::现在进行时现在进行时 ::过去进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时：现在完成时：过去完成时：过去完成时：

被动语态的构成被动语态的构成was ／ were ＋ p.p. (done)will ／ shall be ＋ p.p. (done)

am/is/are going to be + p.p. (done)am/is/are toto be +p.p. (done)

would/should be+p.p.(done)am/is/are beingbeing+p.p.(done)was / were + p.p. (done)have/has been+p.p. (done)had  been + p.p. (done)

Check the answers:Check the answers:1.Your children will be taken care ofwill be taken care of

when you are off.2.The foreign friends will be givenwill be given a

warm welcome. A warm welcome will be givenwill be given to to

the foreign friends.3.How many athletes will be sentwill be sent to

take part in the 2008 Olympic Games?

4.He was laughed atwas laughed at for the foolish mistake.

5.All these things are to be answeredare to be answered in the future.

6.The students were givenwere given some advice.

Some advice was given towas given to the students.

7. It is known It is known that he is teacher. He is known to be a teacher.He is known to be a teacher.

8.He wants to find a job in a factory which is still being builtis still being built.

9.9.CanCan such a thing be prevented frombe prevented from happening again?

10.By the end of last year, another new stadium had been builthad been built in Beijing.

11.A new plan is not being discussedis not being discussed now.

12.The naughty son was always was always being scoldedbeing scolded by his father.

13.He is not here. He must be must be being being examinedexamined (by the doctor).

表猜测的被动：一定在做某事表猜测的被动：一定在做某事 must be doing sth.must be doing sth. sth. must be being donesth. must be being done

It is said that… 据说 It is reported that…据报道 It is believed that…大家相信 It is hoped that…大家希望 It is well known that…众所周知

☺All of us know that the Great Wall is one of the cultural relics.It is known thatIt is known that the Great Wall is one the Great Wall is one of the cultural relics.of the cultural relics.The Great Wall The Great Wall is known to beis known to be one of one of the cultural relics. the cultural relics.

can / could / may / might / must / can / could / may / might / must / should / ought to / have toshould / ought to / have to+ be + p.p. (done)+ be + p.p. (done)

情态动词＋情态动词＋ bebe ＋＋ p.p.(done)p.p.(done)

I can finish the work.

The work can be finished by me.

Can the work be finished by you?

被动语态的特殊结构形式被动语态的特殊结构形式

have/get sth. done=ask sb. to do sth.have a hair cuthave my bike repaired ………..

get + p.p. = be + p.p.The thief got caughtgot caught yesterday.那个贼昨天被抓了。Be careful, or you’ll get hurtget hurt.小心，否则你会受伤。

smell/taste/feel等感觉动词和系动词不需要用被动。The water feel very cold.

1.His mother gave him a present .A present was given him by his A present was given him by his

mother.mother.2.Someone caught the boy smoking .The boy was caught smoke.The boy was caught smoke.3.The teacher has made us work hard. We have been made work hard.We have been made work hard.4.We are to put off the meeting till Friday.The meeting is to be put till Friday.The meeting is to be put till Friday. 5.I need to repair the house.The house needs repairing.The house needs repairing.

Correct the sentences (Correct the sentences ( 改错改错 ))：：toto

smokingsmoking

toto

offoffneed + doing = need to be done.

M: Why don’t you drive your car? M: Why don’t you drive your car? F:F: It is being repaired in the factory now.It is being repaired in the factory now. M: M: But it was just repaired a few months But it was just repaired a few months ago.ago. F: I know. F: I know. Maybe repair job wasn’t done well. Maybe repair job wasn’t done well. My car needs sending back to the factory My car needs sending back to the factory again. again. M: What’s going on around in your M: What’s going on around in your company?company?F: Haven’t you heard? Where have you been, F: Haven’t you heard? Where have you been, anyway? anyway? M: M: I was sent to Chicago.I was sent to Chicago. I just got back. I just got back.

Practise the dialogue in passive voice:Practise the dialogue in passive voice:M: male F: female

F: Well, a lot of changes were made last week. Well, a lot of changes were made last week. For one thing, Susan was fired. For one thing, Susan was fired. M: Where is she now?F: Maybe she is looking for a new position now.M: I see. What about me? Was me fired tooWas me fired too? F: No, of course not. I was given a new office.I was given a new office.M: It’s great. Congratulations!F: Spanish will be studied next month.F: Spanish will be studied next month. Anyway, I don’t want to be the next one! M: Good luck!

Make sentences in passive voice:Make sentences in passive voice:

The woman was given some flowers on Feb 27.

tips:tips:

put output out

showshow

repairrepair

scoldscold

followfollow

hurthurt

11

2233

44

55

66

write a story / dialogue about write a story / dialogue about Johnson following the record.Johnson following the record. Time Record (备忘录 )Before (之前 )

build a department store

Tuesday (昨天 )

Ask someone to repair his car / take his son to the park / prepare for the meeting

Wednesday (今天 )

Attend a meeting （ now）Thursday (明天 )

Have a hair cut / repair the road / finish the design for the subway / buy a gift for his son

Reference Version:Reference Version: Johnson works in a construction company. He has made great contribution to our city. A department store has been built by him. He always has much work to do. Yesterday he had his car repaired. Much work was prepared for the next day meeting. Now a meeting is being attended. Tomorrow He has to have a hair cut and the road should be repaired as soon as possible. The design for the subway will be finished. Moreover, his son should be bought a gift for his 12th birthday. Wow, how busy Johnson was, is and will be!

带双宾语（复合宾语）的被动语态1.His mother told him a story. He ____ _____ a story by his mother . A story _____ ___ __ him by his mother.2.I saw the girl drawing in class. The girl ___ _____ ___________ in class. 3.He often lends me a pen. I ___ often ______ a pen by him. A pen __ often ______ ______ me by him.4.They take good care of the children. The children ___ _____ good care ___.5. Who made it ? ___ _____ it _____ by? By _____ ____ it _____ ?

was told was told to

was seen drawing

am lent is lent to

are taken of

Who was madeWho was madewhom was made

被动语态加上‘ to’1.They heard him say good-bye to his teacher after class. He ____ ______ __ ___ good-bye to his teacher after class.2.They made him do the work just now. He ____ ______ ___ ___ the work just now.3.His teacher notices him play a computer. He ___ _______ ___ ____ a computer.

was heard to say

was made to do

is noticed to play

Exercise

Multiple Choice:1. ( ) If the work ________,you can go and play games.

A. finished B. has finished C. will be finished D. is finished

2. ( ) It was raining heavily outside, the children were made ______

in the classroom.

4. ( ) To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river.

A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown

C. can’t throw D. may not throw5. ( ) I like my bike. It ________ very well.

A. rides B. is riding C. is ridden D. has ridden

D

B

B

A

3. ( ) Kate _______ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom.

A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing

A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed

C

6. ( ) —I won’t come to the party unless Tom ______, too.

—You mean if Tom comes ,you’ll come.

8. ( ) The children must _______.

9. ( ) The woman still doesn’t know what _______ in her hometown

D

D

B

A. will invite B. invites C. invited D. is invited

7. ( ) Everyone who heard Mr. Green’s story _____________ it.A. laughed at B. was laughed C. laughed D. was laughed at

A

A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened while he was away.

A. look after B. be taken good care C. look the same D. be taken good care of

10. ( ) — I saw you were on foot this morning.

—Yes. My bike ___________. A. is mending B. is being mended

C. is mended D. is being mending

B

Fill in the blanks using right forms:

1. All the students __________(ask) to bring a kite with them last Sunday.

2. Are many ways _______(try) to stop people from cutting down so many trees?3. —What are on show in the museum? —Some photos _________(take) by American children.4. This coat _________(wash) well.

9. Have you found your necklace ________( 偷 ) last week?

6. I’m often _________(警告） not to copy others’ homework.

7. He couldn’t explain why dinosaurs ___________ (消失 ).

8. I’ll have my bike __________________(修理 ) tomorrow.

5. Must the old people ____________(speak) to politely?

10. The PRC was _________(成立 ) on October 1, 1949.

were asked

tried

takenwashes

be spokenwarned

disappeared

mended ／ repaired

stolen

founded

Bye-bye!