Pattadakal Temples Nandini

8/19/2019 Pattadakal Temples Nandini

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PATTADAKAL GROUP OF MONUMENTS

Group of

monuments at

Pattadakal inscribed

in the world heritage

list.

Nandini Priya

Thatikonda1 Semester MAC


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LocationPattadakal lies amidst the flat farmlands of Karnataka, about 150km north of Hampi.

The property inscribed as the world heritage site is about 5.56 ha in area and is

surrounded by a buffer of an area of 115ha.

It is located in the Bijapur Dirstict of Karnataka.

IntroductionPattadakal is the site where Badami Chalukya kings were coroneted. It was the

capital of the Chalukya dynasty of Karnataka in southern India between the 6th and

8th centuries. The site represents the high point of an eclectic art which, achieved a

harmonious blend of architectural forms from northern and southern India.

Statement of Significance“Pattadakal (the seat of coronation of the Chalukyan Kings) in Karnataka represents

the high point of an electric art during the 7th-9th centuries AD under the Chalukya -

Rashtrakuta dynasties. The temple architecture here achieved a harmonious blend

of architectural forms of Southern Dravida Vimana and Northern Rekha - Nagara-

Prasada through a series of experimentation that commenced at Aihole, continued

at Badami and culminated at Pattadakal. The site has a Megalithic Dolmen, an

impressive series of nine Hindu temples, a Jain temple of the Rashtrakuta times and a

quarry site. The inscriptions containing the names of the artisans both at the quarry

and the temple sites are noteworthy. One masterpiece from the group excels- the

temple of Virupaksha, built in circa 740745 AD by Queen Lokamahadevi, tocommemorate her husband's victory over the Pallava Kings of the South India.”

Key points:

Temple architecture here achieved a harmonious blend of architectural forms

An impressive series of nine Hindu temples, as well as a Jain sanctuary.

A masterpiece from the group stands out – the temple of Virupaksha, built in c. 740

InscriptionDate of Inscription: 1987

Criteria:Criteria: (iii)

to bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a

civilization which is living or which has disappeared

Criteria: (iv)

to be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological

ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history

Values of authenticity and integrity

When the site was inscribed in the world heritage sites list the values andauthenticity/integrity maintained was accessed. There were no future proposals.


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EVALUATION OF THE AUTHENTICITY / INTEGRITY OF THE PROPERTY AT THE TIME OF

INSCRIPTION

New Jalis are the proto types of the original in material and design , but there is a

marked difference in workmanship and details.

The landscape ‘lawn concept’ is inappropriate considering the historical nature of

the setting.

Pressures on siteDevelopment Pressures

• pressures of the expanding settlements

• vertically obstructing the visual connections of the two sites of

Papanatha and Virupaksha temples

• vendors near the monument

Environmental Pressures

•

disfiguring the topography of the site

Natural Disorders and preparedness

• Sand storms and sand laden winds - erosion of carved surfaces

• Soil erosion

• Monsoon

Tourism pressures

• Lack of proper facilities – drop off up to the buildings

• Pollution from vehicles

• Vandalism and damage to surfaces to toughing the stone

surfaces.

Papanath templeThe temple is built on a plinth of five mouldings, embellished with animal motifs, floral

designs and kudus.

The wall surfaces are relieved with niches (devakoshthas) housing Saiva and

Vaishnava deities and depicting episodes from the Ramayana. These niches are

topped by various designs of chaitya-arch motifs and interspersed with perforated

windows.

The three devakoshtha pavilions house images of Siva in different forms. A

characteristic feature of the temple is its well-developed rekha-nagara (northern)

sikhara with an elaborately carved Chaitya-arch enshrining Nataraja on the

frontage of the sukanasa. The amalaka and kalasa are, however, missing.


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Virupaksha Temple

The Virupaksha is a large complex consisting of a tall vimana with axial

mandapas and peripheral sub-shrines round the court, enclosed by a wall

with gopura-entrances in front and behind, all designed and completed atone time.

As such, this is the earliest extant temple-complex in the Chalukyan series. The

massive gopuras are also the earliest.

The compound-wall of the complex, following the plan of the group itself, has

on its coping kuta and said-heads, suggestive of a derivation from the Shore-

temple at Mahabalipuram-a device which gives the impression of a lower

storey when viewed from a distance.


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Papanath temple

complex

Other group of

temples


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Papanath, Virupaksha, Mallikarjuna, Chandrashekara, Galaganth ,

Kasavanatha, Jamblunga, Kadasadohesvara


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Bibliography

http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/239/

http://whc.unesco.org/archive/periodicreporting/APA/cycle01/section2/239-summary.pdf

http://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/

http://www.tripadvisor.in/

http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_whs_pattadakkal.asp

http://www.gounesco.com/18300673552-monuments-at-pattadakal/

Documents

Pattadakal Temples Nandini