The 'must-have' PC architecture reference set. -O K- Read Only column - - - -- - - -- - - - ---- - - - - - - - - - - - K -- - -- -- - - - - -- - - - - - -- K- - -- - - - - -- - -- --v - -v - v v - v - v - v - -- v - -- - - - - - - -- - -- - - - - - - - -- -- - - - - - - { - - { - { { - ToIyo { - Moxico CilyMany of llo dosignalions usod by manufaclurors and soIIors lo dislinguisl lloir prod-ucls aro cIaimod as lradomarIs. Wloro lloso dosignalors appoar in llis booI, and Add-ison-WosIoy vas avaro of llo lradomarI cIaim, llo dosignalions lavo boon prinlod in iniliaI capilaI Iollors or aII capilaI Iollors.Tlo aullors and pubIislors lavo laIon caro in proparalion of llis booI, bul maIo no oxprossod or impIiod varranly of any Iind and assumo no rosponsibiIily for orrors or omissions. No IiabiIily is assumod for incidonlaI or consoquonliaI damagos in connoc-lion vill or arising oul of llo uso of llo informalion or programs conlainod loroin.Iibrary of Congross CalaIoging-in-IubIicalion DalaISBN: 0-Copyrigll 2003 by MindSlaro, Inc.AII riglls rosorvod. No parl of llis pubIicalion may bo roproducod, slorod in a rolriovaI syslom, or lransmillod, in any form or by any moans, oIoclronic, moclanicaI, plolocopy-ing, rocording, or ollorviso, villoul llo prior vrillon pormission of llo pubIislor. Irinlod in llo Unilod Slalos of Amorica. IubIislod simuIlanoousIy in Canada.Sponsoring Idilor: Irojocl Managor: Covor Dosign: Sol in 10 poinl IaIalino by MindSlaro, Inc.1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9-MA-999897 Irinling, , 2003Addison-WosIoy booIs avaiIabIo for buII purclasos by corporalions, inslilulions, and ollor organizalions. Ior moro informalion pIoaso conlacl llo Corporalo, Govornmonl, and SpociaI SaIos Doparlmonl al (800) 238-9682.Iind A-W DovoIopors Iross on llo WorId-Wido Wob al:lllp://vvv.avI.com/dovpross/To my parents Aruna and Shripal Budruk who started me on the path to Knowledge- - - - - - ICI Ixpross....................................................................................................................... 4HoxadocimaI Nolalion ........................................................................................................ 4Binary Nolalion.................................................................................................................... 4DocimaI Nolalion................................................................................................................. 4Bils Vorsus Bylos Nolalion ................................................................................................. 5Bil IioIds................................................................................................................................ 5Aclivo SignaI Slalos.............................................................................................................. 5- - -- Tlo RoIo of llo OriginaI ICI SoIulion............................................................................. 10Donl Tlrov Avay Wlal is Good! Koop Il ............................................................ 10MaIo Improvomonls for llo Iuluro......................................................................... 10IooIing inlo llo Iuluro ............................................................................................. 11-- -- Aullors DiscIaimor........................................................................................................... 12Bus Iorformancos and Numbor of SIols Comparod..................................................... 12ICI Ixpross Aggrogalo Tlrouglpul ............................................................................... 13Iorformanco Ior Iin Comparod...................................................................................... 14 - - 33 MHz ICI Bus Basod Syslom........................................................................................ 16IIoclricaI Ioad Iimil of a 33 MHz ICI Bus............................................................. 17ICI Transaclion ModoI - Irogrammod IO.............................................................. 19ICI Transaclion ModoI - Ioor-lo-Ioor ..................................................................... 22ICI Bus Arbilralion.................................................................................................... 22ICI DoIayod Transaclion IrolocoI ........................................................................... 23ICI Rolry IrolocoI: .............................................................................................. 23ICI Disconnocl IrolocoI: .................................................................................... 24ICI Inlorrupl HandIing.............................................................................................. 25-ICI Irror HandIing .................................................................................................... 26ICI Addross Spaco Map ............................................................................................ 27ICI Configuralion CycIo Gonoralion....................................................................... 29ICI Iunclion Configuralion Rogislor Spaco ........................................................... 30ICI Irogramming ModoI .......................................................................................... 31Iimilalions of a 33 MHz ICI Syslom....................................................................... 31Ialosl Gonoralion of InloI ICI Clipsols .................................................................. 3266 MHz ICI Bus Basod Syslom........................................................................................ 33Iimilalions of 66 MHz ICI bus ................................................................................ 34Iimilalions of ICI Arclilocluro................................................................................ 3466 MHz and 133 MHz ICI-X 1.0 Bus Basod IIalforms................................................. 35ICI-X Ioaluros............................................................................................................. 36ICI-X Roquoslor/CompIolor SpIil Transaclion ModoI .................................. 37DDR and QDR ICI-X 2.0 Bus Basod IIalforms............................................................. 39 -- Tlo IinI - A Ioinl-lo-Ioinl Inlorconnocl ................................................................ 41DifforonliaI SignaIing ................................................................................................. 41Svilclos Usod lo Inlorconnocl MuIlipIo Dovicos................................................... 42IacIol Basod IrolocoI ................................................................................................ 42Bandvidll and CIocIing........................................................................................... 43Addross Spaco ............................................................................................................. 43ICI Ixpross Transaclions .......................................................................................... 43ICI Ixpross Transaclion ModoI................................................................................ 43Irror HandIing and Robuslnoss of Dala Transfor ................................................. 44QuaIily of Sorvico (QoS), Traffic CIassos (TCs) and VirluaI ClannoIs (VCs) .... 44IIov ConlroI................................................................................................................ 45MSI SlyIo Inlorrupl HandIing SimiIar lo ICI-X ..................................................... 45Iovor Managomonl.................................................................................................... 45Hol IIug Supporl ........................................................................................................ 46ICI CompalibIo Soflvaro ModoI.............................................................................. 46MoclanicaI Iorm Iaclors........................................................................................... 47ICI-IiIo IoriploraI Card and Connoclor ......................................................... 47Mini ICI Ixpross Iorm Iaclor........................................................................... 47MoclanicaI Iorm Iaclors Ionding RoIoaso............................................................. 47NIWCARD Iorm Iaclor .................................................................................... 47Sorvor IO ModuIo (SIOM) Iorm Iaclor............................................................ 47ICI Ixpross TopoIogy....................................................................................................... 48Inumoraling llo Syslom............................................................................................ 50ICI Ixpross Syslom BIocI Diagram................................................................................ 51Iov Cosl ICI Ixpross Clipsol ................................................................................. 51Higl-Ind Sorvor Syslom............................................................................................ 53 -- - - -- -- ICI Ixpross Transaclion IrolocoI ................................................................................... 57Non-Ioslod Road Transaclions................................................................................. 58Non-Ioslod Road Transaclion for IocIod Roquosls ............................................. 59Non-Ioslod Wrilo Transaclions................................................................................ 61Ioslod Momory Wrilo Transaclions......................................................................... 62Ioslod Mossago Transaclions.................................................................................... 63Somo IxampIos of Transaclions....................................................................................... 64Momory Road Originalod by CIU, Targoling an Indpoinl................................. 64Momory Road Originalod by Indpoinl, Targoling Syslom Momory.................. 66IO Wrilo Inilialod by CIU, Targoling an Indpoinl ............................................... 67Momory Wrilo Transaclion Originalod by CIU and Targoling an Indpoinl .............................................................................................. 68 -- - Ovorviov............................................................................................................................. 69Transmil Iorlion of Dovico Iayors........................................................................... 71Rocoivo Iorlion of Dovico Iayors............................................................................. 71Dovico Iayors and lloir Associalod IacIols.................................................................. 71Transaclion Iayor IacIols (TIIs) ............................................................................ 71TII IacIol AssombIy.......................................................................................... 72TII IacIol DisassombIy..................................................................................... 73Dala IinI Iayor IacIols (DIIIs) ............................................................................ 74DIII AssombIy................................................................................................... 75DIII DisassombIy .............................................................................................. 76IlysicaI Iayor IacIols (IIIs) .................................................................................. 77Iunclion of Iacl ICI Ixpross Dovico Iayor .................................................................. 78Dovico Coro / Soflvaro Iayor .................................................................................. 78Transmil Sido. ...................................................................................................... 78Rocoivo Sido.......................................................................................................... 78Transaclion Iayor ....................................................................................................... 79Transmil Sido. ...................................................................................................... 80Rocoivor Sido ........................................................................................................ 81IIov ConlroI......................................................................................................... 81QuaIily of Sorvico (QoS) ..................................................................................... 82Traffic CIassos (TCs) and VirluaI ClannoIs (VCs).......................................... 84Iorl Arbilralion and VC Arbilralion ................................................................ 85Transaclion Ordoring.......................................................................................... 87Iovor Managomonl ............................................................................................ 87Configuralion Rogislors...................................................................................... 87Dala IinI Iayor........................................................................................................... 87-Transmil Sido ....................................................................................................... 88Rocoivo Sido.......................................................................................................... 89Dala IinI Iayor Conlribulion lo TIIs and DIIIs........................................ 89Non-Ioslod Transaclion Sloving ACK-NAK IrolocoI ................................ 90Ioslod Transaclion Sloving ACK-NAK IrolocoI ......................................... 92Ollor Iunclions of llo Dala IinI Iayor........................................................... 92IlysicaI Iayor ............................................................................................................. 93Transmil Sido ....................................................................................................... 93Rocoivo Sido.......................................................................................................... 93IinI Training and IniliaIizalion ........................................................................ 94IinI Iovor Managomonl ................................................................................... 95Rosol....................................................................................................................... 95IIoclricaI IlysicaI Iayor..................................................................................... 96 - - Momory Road Roquosl Ilaso.................................................................................... 97CompIolion vill Dala Ilaso .................................................................................... 99 -- - - -- - - Rocoivors ClocI Ior Tlroo Typos of IinI Traffic ....................................................... 107MuIli-porl Dovicos Assumo llo Rouling Burdon........................................................ 107Indpoinls Havo Iimilod Rouling RosponsibiIilios..................................................... 107Syslom Rouling Slralogy Is Irogrammod .................................................................... 108 - Ordorod Sols ..................................................................................................................... 108Dala IinI Iayor IacIols (DIIIs).................................................................................. 111- -- TIIs Usod lo Accoss Iour Addross Spacos.................................................................. 113SpIil Transaclion IrolocoI Is Usod................................................................................. 114SpIil Transaclions: Bollor Iorformanco, Moro Ovorload.................................... 114Wrilo Iosling: Somolimos a CompIolion Isnl Noodod....................................... 115Tlroo Mollods of TII Rouling...................................................................................... 117ICI Ixpross Rouling Is CompalibIo vill ICI ............................................................. 117ICI Ixpross Adds ImpIicil Rouling for Mossagos............................................... 118Wly Woro Mossagos Addod lo ICI Ixpross IrolocoI` ............................... 118Hov ImpIicil Rouling HoIps vill Mossagos................................................. 118Hoador IioIds Dofino IacIol Iormal and Rouling ..................................................... 119-Using TII Hoador Informalion: Ovorviov.................................................................. 120GonoraI ....................................................................................................................... 120Hoador Typo/Iormal IioId Incodings ................................................................. 120 -- Addross Rouling .............................................................................................................. 122Momory and IO Addross Maps.............................................................................. 122Koy TII Hoador IioIds in Addross Rouling ........................................................ 123TIIs vill 3DW, 32-Bil Addross...................................................................... 123TIIs Will 4DW, 64-Bil Addross ..................................................................... 124An Indpoinl ClocIs an Addross-Roulod TII..................................................... 125A Svilcl Rocoivos an Addross Roulod TII: Tvo ClocIs.................................. 125GonoraI ................................................................................................................ 125Ollor Nolos Aboul Svilcl Addross-Rouling................................................ 127ID Rouling......................................................................................................................... 127ID Bus Numbor, Dovico Numbor, Iunclion Numbor Iimils ............................. 127Koy TII Hoador IioIds in ID Rouling................................................................... 1283DW TII, ID Rouling....................................................................................... 1284DW TII, ID Rouling....................................................................................... 129An Indpoinl ClocIs an ID-Roulod TII............................................................... 130A Svilcl Rocoivos an ID-Roulod TII: Tvo ClocIs............................................ 130Ollor Nolos Aboul Svilcl ID Rouling.................................................................. 130ImpIicil Rouling ............................................................................................................... 131OnIy Mossagos May Uso ImpIicil Rouling............................................................ 132Mossagos May AIso Uso Addross or ID Rouling................................................. 132Rouling Sub-IioId in Hoador Indicalos Rouling Mollod................................... 132Koy TII Hoador IioIds in ImpIicil Rouling ......................................................... 132Mossago Typo IioId Summary................................................................................ 133An Indpoinl ClocIs a TII Roulod ImpIicilIy..................................................... 134A Svilcl Rocoivos a TII Roulod ImpIicilIy ......................................................... 134 - Rouling Configuralion Is ICI-CompalibIo .................................................................. 135Tvo Configuralion Spaco Hoador Iormals: Typo 0, Typo 1 .............................. 135Rouling Rogislors Aro Iocalod in Configuralion Hoador .................................. 135Baso Addross Rogislors (BARs): Typo 0, 1 Hoadors.................................................... 136GonoraI ....................................................................................................................... 136BAR Solup IxampIo Ono: 1MB, IrofolclabIo Momory Roquosl........................ 138BAR Solup IxampIo Tvo: 64-Bil, 64MB Momory Roquosl................................. 140BAR Solup IxampIo Tlroo: 256-Bylo IO Roquosl ................................................ 142Baso/Iimil Rogislors, Typo 1 Hoador OnIy ................................................................. 144GonoraI ....................................................................................................................... 144IrofolclabIo Momory Baso/Iimil Rogislors......................................................... 144Non-IrofolclabIo Momory Baso/Iimil Rogislors................................................ 146-IO Baso/Iimil Rogislors........................................................................................... 148Bus Numbor Rogislors, Typo 1 Hoador OnIy............................................................... 150Irimary Bus Numbor ............................................................................................... 151Socondary Bus Numbor ........................................................................................... 151Subordinalo Bus Numbor ........................................................................................ 151A Svilcl Is a Tvo-IovoI Bridgo Slrucluro............................................................ 151 - -- - Wly Uso A IacIol-Basod Transaclion IrolocoI .......................................................... 154IacIol Iormals Aro WoII Dofinod.......................................................................... 154Iraming SymboIs Indicalo IacIol Boundarios..................................................... 156CRC Irolocls Inliro IacIol ..................................................................................... 156- - TIIs Aro AssombIod And DisassombIod..................................................................... 157Dovico Coro Roquosls Accoss lo Iour Spacos ............................................................. 159TII Transaclion Varianls Dofinod................................................................................ 160TII Slrucluro.................................................................................................................... 161Gonoric TII Hoador Iormal ................................................................................... 161Gonoric Hoador IioId Summary............................................................................. 162Hoador Typo/Iormal IioId Incodings ................................................................. 165Tlo Digosl and ICRC IioId..................................................................................... 166ICRC Gonoralion and ClocIing..................................................................... 166Wlo Can ClocI ICRC`.................................................................................... 167Using Bylo InabIos ................................................................................................... 167Bylo InabIo RuIos .............................................................................................. 167Transaclion Doscriplor IioIds ................................................................................. 169Transaclion ID.................................................................................................... 169Traffic CIass........................................................................................................ 169Transaclion Allribulos ...................................................................................... 169AddilionaI RuIos Ior TIIs Will Dala IayIoads.................................................. 170BuiIding Transaclions: TII Roquosls & CompIolions................................................ 171IO Roquosls................................................................................................................ 171IO Roquosl Hoador Iormal .............................................................................. 172Dofinilions Of IO Roquosl Hoador IioIds ...................................................... 173Momory Roquosls ..................................................................................................... 174Doscriplion of 3DW And 4DW Momory Roquosl Hoador IioIds............... 176Momory Roquosl Nolos .................................................................................... 179Configuralion Roquosls ........................................................................................... 179Dofinilions Of Configuralion Roquosl Hoador IioIds.................................. 181Configuralion Roquosl Nolos .......................................................................... 183CompIolions............................................................................................................... 183-Dofinilions Of CompIolion Hoador IioIds ..................................................... 185Summary of CompIolion Slalus Codos: ......................................................... 187CaIcuIaling Tlo Iovor Addross IioId (Bylo 11, bils 7:0): ............................ 187Using Tlo Bylo Counl Modifiod Bil................................................................ 188Dala Rolurnod Ior Road Roquosls: ................................................................. 188Rocoivor CompIolion HandIing RuIos: ........................................................... 189Mossago Roquosls ..................................................................................................... 190Dofinilions Of Mossago Roquosl Hoador IioIds............................................ 191Mossago Nolos: .................................................................................................. 193INTx Inlorrupl SignaIing.................................................................................. 193Iovor Managomonl Mossagos ........................................................................ 194Irror Mossagos................................................................................................... 195UnIocI Mossago................................................................................................. 196SIol Iovor Iimil Mossago................................................................................ 196Hol IIug SignaIing Mossago ............................................................................ 197 - Typos Of DIIIs ............................................................................................................... 199DIIIs Aro IocaI Traffic.................................................................................................. 199Rocoivor landIing of DIIIs........................................................................................... 199Sonding A Dala IinI Iayor IacIol................................................................................ 200Iixod DIII IacIol Sizo: 8 Bylos............................................................................. 201DIII IacIol Typos.......................................................................................................... 201AcI Or NaI DIII IacIol Iormal .......................................................................... 202Dofinilions Of AcI Or NaI DIII IioIds........................................................ 203Iovor Managomonl DIII IacIol Iormal............................................................ 204Dofinilions Of Iovor Managomonl DIII IioIds ......................................... 204IIov ConlroI IacIol Iormal ................................................................................... 205Dofinilions Of IIov ConlroI DIII IioIds ..................................................... 206Vondor Spocific DIII Iormal ................................................................................ 207Dofinilions Of Vondor Spocific DIII IioIds................................................. 207 - - -- - Transmillor IIomonls of llo ACK/NAK IrolocoI ...................................................... 213RopIay Buffor............................................................................................................. 213NIXT_TRANSMIT_SIQ Counlor.......................................................................... 213ICRC Gonoralor........................................................................................................ 213RIIIAY_NUM Counl ............................................................................................. 213RIIIAY_TIMIR Counl........................................................................................... 214ACKD_SIQ Counl.................................................................................................... 214DIII CRC ClocI ..................................................................................................... 214-Rocoivor IIomonls of llo ACK/NAK IrolocoI............................................................ 216Rocoivo Buffor............................................................................................................ 216ICRC Irror ClocI.................................................................................................... 216NIXT_RCV_SIQ Counl .......................................................................................... 216Soquonco Numbor ClocI......................................................................................... 216NAK_SCHIDUIID IIag ........................................................................................ 217ACKNAK_IATINCY_TIMIR............................................................................... 217ACK/NAK DIII Gonoralor .................................................................................. 217 - Transmillor IrolocoI DolaiIs .......................................................................................... 220Soquonco Numbor..................................................................................................... 22032-Bil ICRC............................................................................................................... 221RopIay (Rolry) Buffor................................................................................................ 221GonoraI ................................................................................................................ 221RopIay Buffor Sizing.......................................................................................... 221Transmillors Rosponso lo an ACK DIII............................................................. 222GonoraI ................................................................................................................ 222Iurging llo RopIay Buffor................................................................................ 222IxampIos of Transmillor ACK DIII Irocossing ................................................ 222IxampIo 1............................................................................................................ 222IxampIo 2............................................................................................................ 223Transmillors Rosponso lo a NAK DIII............................................................... 224TII RopIay................................................................................................................. 225Ifficionl TII RopIay................................................................................................. 225IxampIo of Transmillor NAK DIII Irocossing.................................................. 225Ropoalod RopIay of TIIs.................................................................................. 226Wlal Happons Aflor llo RopIay Numbor RoIIovor` ................................... 227Transmillors RopIay Timor..................................................................................... 227RIIIAY_TIMIR Iqualion............................................................................... 227RIIIAY_TIMIR Summary TabIo .................................................................. 228Transmillor DIII HandIing................................................................................... 229Rocoivor IrolocoI DolaiIs ................................................................................................ 230TII Rocoivod al IlysicaI Iayor.............................................................................. 230Rocoivod TII Irror ClocI ...................................................................................... 230Noxl Rocoivod TIIs Soquonco Numbor............................................................... 230Rocoivor ScloduIos An ACK DIII........................................................................ 231IxampIo of Rocoivor ACK ScloduIing .................................................................. 232NAK ScloduIod IIag................................................................................................ 233Rocoivor ScloduIos a NAK...................................................................................... 233Rocoivor Soquonco Numbor ClocI ........................................................................ 234Rocoivor Irosorvos TII Ordoring .......................................................................... 235-IxampIo of Rocoivor NAK ScloduIing.................................................................. 236Rocoivors ACKNAK_IATINCY_TIMIR............................................................. 237ACKNAK_IATINCY_TIMIR Iqualion....................................................... 238ACKNAK_IATINCY_TIMIR Summary TabIo........................................... 238 - Transmillor Sido............................................................................................................... 241Non-Irror Caso (ACK DIII Managomonl) ......................................................... 241Irror Caso (NAK DIII Managomonl).................................................................. 242Rocoivor Sido..................................................................................................................... 242Non-Irror Caso ......................................................................................................... 242Irror Caso .................................................................................................................. 243 - - Iosl TII............................................................................................................................. 244Iosl ACK DIII or ACK DIII vill CRC Irror......................................................... 245Iosl ACK DIII foIIovod by NAK DIII.................................................................... 246 Willoul Cul-Tlrougl Modo.......................................................................................... 248BacIground................................................................................................................ 248IossibIo SoIulion....................................................................................................... 248Svilcl Cul-Tlrougl Modo............................................................................................. 249BacIground................................................................................................................ 249IxampIo Tlal Domonslralos Svilcl Cul-Tlrougl Ioaluro ............................... 249 -- Isoclronous Transaclion Supporl.................................................................................. 253Synclronous Vorsus Isoclronous Transaclions................................................... 253Isoclronous Transaclion Managomonl ................................................................. 255Difforonlialod Sorvicos .................................................................................................... 255- --- - VC Assignmonl and TC Mapping................................................................................. 258Dolormining llo Numbor of VCs lo bo Usod ....................................................... 258Assigning VC Numbors (IDs) ................................................................................. 260Assigning TCs lo oacl VC TC/VC Mapping .................................................. 262 VirluaI ClannoI Arbilralion........................................................................................... 264Slricl Iriorily VC Arbilralion.................................................................................. 265Iov- and Higl-Iriorily VC Arbilralion................................................................ 267Hardvaro Iixod Arbilralion Sclomo.............................................................. 269-Woigllod Round Robin Arbilralion Sclomo................................................. 269Round Robin Arbilralion (IquaI or Woigllod) for AII VCs............................... 270Ioading llo VirluaI ClannoI Arbilralion TabIo................................................... 270VC Arbilralion villin MuIlipIo Iunclion Indpoinls.......................................... 273Iorl Arbilralion................................................................................................................ 274Tlo Iorl Arbilralion Moclanisms.......................................................................... 277Non-ConfigurabIo Hardvaro-Iixod Arbilralion .......................................... 278Woigllod Round Robin Arbilralion ............................................................... 279Timo-Basod, Woigllod Round Robin Arbilralion ........................................ 279Ioading llo Iorl Arbilralion TabIos ...................................................................... 280Svilcl Arbilralion IxampIo........................................................................................... 282 - VC IIov ConlroI Buffor Organizalion.......................................................................... 288IIov ConlroI Crodils ....................................................................................................... 289Maximum IIov ConlroI Buffor Sizo ............................................................................. 290 - Tlo IIov ConlroI IIomonls............................................................................................ 290Transmillor IIomonls ............................................................................................... 291Rocoivor IIomonls..................................................................................................... 291 - Slago 1 IIov ConlroI IoIIoving IniliaIizalion........................................................ 294Slago 2 IIov ConlroI Buffor IiIIs Up........................................................................ 298Slago 3 Tlo Crodil Iimil counl RoIIs Ovor.............................................................. 299Slago 4 IC Buffor OvorfIov Irror ClocI ................................................................ 300 - Wlo Advorlisos Infinilo IIov ConlroI Crodils`.......................................................... 301SpociaI Uso for Infinilo Crodil Advorlisomonls. .......................................................... 302Hoador and Dala Advorlisomonls May ConfIicl ......................................................... 302 - Tlo IC IniliaIizalion Soquonco....................................................................................... 305IC Inil1 IacIols Advorliso IIov ConlroI Crodils AvaiIabIo.............................. 305IC Inil2 IacIols Confirm SuccossfuI IC IniliaIizalion........................................ 307Ralo of IC_INIT1 and IC_INIT2 Transmission ................................................... 308VioIalions of llo IIov ConlroI IniliaIizalion IrolocoI ........................................ 308 - IC_Updalo DIII Iormal and Conlonl ........................................................................ 309IIov ConlroI Updalo Iroquoncy ................................................................................... 310-Immodialo Nolificalion of Crodils AIIocalod ....................................................... 311Maximum Ialoncy Bolvoon Updalo IIov ConlroI DIIIs................................ 311CaIcuIaling Updalo Iroquoncy Basod on IayIoad Sizo and IinI Widll ......... 311Irror Doloclion Timor A Isoudo Roquiromonl ...................................................... 312 - - -- - Iroducor/Consumor ModoI vill Nalivo Dovicos...................................................... 318 RO Iffocls on Momory Wrilos and Mossagos.............................................................. 319RO Iffocls on Momory Road Transaclions................................................................... 320Summary of Slrong Ordoring RuIos.............................................................................. 321 - Slrong Ordoring Can RosuIl in Transaclion BIocIing ................................................ 322Tlo IrobIom............................................................................................................... 323Tlo WoaIIy Ordorod SoIulion ................................................................................ 324Ordor Managomonl AccompIislod vill VC Buffors ................................................. 324Summary of Modifiod Ordoring RuIos......................................................................... 325 -- - - -- - Tlo MSI CapabiIily Rogislor Sol .................................................................................... 332CapabiIily ID............................................................................................................. 332Ioinlor To Noxl Nov CapabiIily............................................................................ 333Mossago ConlroI Rogislor ........................................................................................ 333Mossago Addross Rogislor....................................................................................... 335Mossago Dala Rogislor ............................................................................................. 335Basics of MSI Configuralion........................................................................................... 336Basics of Gonoraling an MSI Inlorrupl Roquosl .......................................................... 338Momory Wrilo Transaclion (MSI) .......................................................................... 338MuIlipIo Mossagos.................................................................................................... 339Momory Synclronizalion Wlon Inlorrupl HandIor Inlorod.................................... 340Tlo IrobIom............................................................................................................... 340SoIving llo IrobIom................................................................................................. 341Inlorrupl Ialoncy ............................................................................................................. 341MSI RosuIls In ICRC Irror ..................................................................................... 341Somo RuIos, Rocommondalions, olc. ............................................................................. 341- BacIground ICI Inlorrupl SignaIing ....................................................................... 342Dovico INTx# Iins .................................................................................................... 342Dolormining if a Iunclion Usos INTx# Iins ......................................................... 343Inlorrupl Rouling...................................................................................................... 344Associaling llo INTx# Iino lo an IRQ Numbor ................................................... 345INTx# SignaIing ........................................................................................................ 345Inlorrupl DisabIo................................................................................................ 346Inlorrupl Slalus .................................................................................................. 346VirluaI INTx SignaIing.................................................................................................... 347VirluaI INTx Wiro DoIivory..................................................................................... 348CoIIapsing INTx SignaIs villin a Bridgo.............................................................. 349INTx Mossago Iormal .............................................................................................. 351- - - - - - IxampIo Syslom............................................................................................................... 353 -- ICI Ixpross Irror ClocIing Moclanisms.................................................................... 356Transaclion Iayor Irrors ......................................................................................... 358Dala IinI Iayor Irrors ............................................................................................ 358IlysicaI Iayor Irrors ............................................................................................... 358Irror Roporling Moclanisms ......................................................................................... 359Irror HandIing Moclanisms.......................................................................................... 360- -- - ICRC Gonoralion and ClocIing ................................................................................... 361Dala Ioisoning (OplionaI) .............................................................................................. 362TC lo VC Mapping Irrors............................................................................................... 363IinI IIov ConlroI-RoIalod Irrors................................................................................. 363MaIformod Transaclion Iayor IacIol (TII) ................................................................ 364SpIil Transaclion Irrors .................................................................................................. 365Unsupporlod Roquosl .............................................................................................. 365CompIolor Aborl ....................................................................................................... 366Unoxpoclod CompIolion.......................................................................................... 367CompIolion Timo-oul ............................................................................................... 367 --- CorroclabIo Irrors............................................................................................................ 369UncorroclabIo Non-IalaI Irrors..................................................................................... 369UncorroclabIo IalaI Irrors.............................................................................................. 369 - -Irror Mossagos ................................................................................................................. 370CompIolion Slalus............................................................................................................ 371- ICI-CompalibIo Irror Roporling Moclanisms ........................................................... 372Configuralion Command and Slalus Rogislors................................................... 373ICI Ixpross BasoIino Irror HandIing........................................................................... 375InabIing/DisabIing Irror Roporling..................................................................... 376InabIing Irror Roporling Dovico ConlroI Rogislor................................. 377Irror Slalus Dovico Slalus Rogislor ........................................................... 378IinI Irrors ................................................................................................................. 379Rools Rosponso lo Irror Mossago ......................................................................... 381 -- ICRC Gonoralion and ClocIing ................................................................................... 383HandIing SlicIy Bils ........................................................................................................ 383Advancod CorroclabIo Irror HandIing ........................................................................ 384Advancod CorroclabIo Irror Slalus ....................................................................... 385Advancod CorroclabIo Irror Roporling ................................................................ 385Advancod UncorroclabIo Irror HandIing.................................................................... 386Advancod UncorroclabIo Irror Slalus................................................................... 387SoIocling llo Sovorily of Iacl UncorroclabIo Irror ............................................. 388UncorroclabIo Irror Roporling ............................................................................... 388Irror Iogging ................................................................................................................... 389Rool CompIox Irror TracIing and Roporling ............................................................. 390Rool CompIox Irror Slalus Rogislors .................................................................... 390Advancod Sourco ID Rogislor ................................................................................. 391Rool Irror Command Rogislor ............................................................................... 392Roporling Irrors lo llo Hosl Syslom..................................................................... 392 - - - DiscIaimor ......................................................................................................................... 400Transmil Iogic Ovorviov............................................................................................... 400Rocoivo Iogic Ovorviov ................................................................................................. 402IlysicaI Iayor IinI Aclivo Slalo Iovor Managomonl .............................................. 403IinI Training and IniliaIizalion..................................................................................... 403- - Tx Buffor............................................................................................................................ 404MuIlipIoxor (Mux) and Mux ConlroI Iogic ................................................................. 404-GonoraI ....................................................................................................................... 404Dofinilion of Claraclors and SymboIs................................................................... 405Bylo Slriping (OplionaI) .................................................................................................. 408IacIol Iormal RuIos................................................................................................. 411GonoraI IacIol Iormal RuIos........................................................................... 411x1 IacIol Iormal IxampIo............................................................................... 412x4 IacIol Iormal RuIos..................................................................................... 412x4 IacIol Iormal IxampIo............................................................................... 412x8, x12, x16 or x32 IacIol Iormal RuIos......................................................... 413x8 IacIol Iormal IxampIo............................................................................... 415ScrambIor........................................................................................................................... 416Iurposo of ScrambIing Oulbound Transmission................................................. 416ScrambIor AIgorillm................................................................................................ 416Somo ScrambIor impIomonlalion ruIos:................................................................. 417DisabIing ScrambIing............................................................................................... 4188b/10b Incoding.............................................................................................................. 419GonoraI ....................................................................................................................... 419Iurposo of Incoding a Claraclor Slroam.............................................................. 419Iroporlios of 10-bil (10b) SymboIs.......................................................................... 421Iroparing 8-bil Claraclor Nolalion........................................................................ 422Disparily..................................................................................................................... 423Dofinilion............................................................................................................ 423Tvo Calogorios of 8-bil Claraclors................................................................. 423CRD (Curronl Running Disparily).................................................................. 4238b/10b Incoding Irocoduro ................................................................................... 424IxampIo Incodings........................................................................................... 424IxampIo Transmission...................................................................................... 425Tlo IooIup TabIos ................................................................................................... 427ConlroI Claraclor Incoding ................................................................................... 430Ordorod-Sols.............................................................................................................. 433GonoraI ................................................................................................................ 433TS1 and TS2 Ordorod-Sols................................................................................ 434SKII Ordorod-Sol............................................................................................... 434IIoclricaI IdIo Ordorod-Sol ............................................................................... 434ITS Ordorod-Sol................................................................................................. 434IaraIIoI-lo-SoriaI Convorlor (SoriaIizor)........................................................................ 434DifforonliaI Transmil Drivor........................................................................................... 435Transmil (Tx) CIocI......................................................................................................... 435Ollor MiscoIIanoous Transmil Iogic Topics ............................................................... 436IogicaI IdIo Soquonco............................................................................................... 436Insorling CIocI Componsalion Zonos.................................................................... 436BacIground ........................................................................................................ 436-SKII Ordorod-Sol Insorlion RuIos................................................................... 437 - DifforonliaI Rocoivor........................................................................................................ 439Rx CIocI Rocovory........................................................................................................... 440GonoraI ....................................................................................................................... 440Aclioving Bil IocI ................................................................................................... 440Iosing Bil IocI.......................................................................................................... 441Rogaining Bil IocI.................................................................................................... 441SoriaI-lo-IaraIIoI convorlor (DosoriaIizor) .................................................................... 441SymboI Boundary Sonsing (SymboI IocI) ................................................................... 441Rocoivor CIocI Componsalion Iogic ............................................................................ 442BacIground................................................................................................................ 442Tlo IIaslic Buffors RoIo in llo Rocoivor ............................................................... 442Iano-lo-Iano Do-SIov.................................................................................................... 444Nol a IrobIom on a SingIo-Iano IinI.................................................................... 444IIigll Timo Varios from Iano-lo-Iano .................................................................. 444If Iano Dala Is Nol AIignod, Bylo Unslriping WouIdnl WorI ......................... 444TS1/TS2 or ITS Ordorod-Sols Usod lo Do-SIov IinI........................................ 444Do-SIov During IinI Training, Rolraining and I0s Ixil................................... 445Iano-lo-Iano Do-SIov CapabiIily of Rocoivor..................................................... 4458b/10b Docodor................................................................................................................ 446GonoraI ....................................................................................................................... 446Disparily CaIcuIalor ................................................................................................. 446Codo VioIalion and Disparily Irror Doloclion..................................................... 446GonoraI ................................................................................................................ 446Codo VioIalions.................................................................................................. 446Disparily Irrors......................................................................................................... 447Do-ScrambIor .................................................................................................................... 448Somo Do-ScrambIor ImpIomonlalion RuIos: ......................................................... 448DisabIing Do-ScrambIing......................................................................................... 449Bylo Un-Slriping............................................................................................................... 449IiIlor and IacIol AIignmonl ClocI............................................................................... 450Rocoivo Buffor (Rx Buffor) .............................................................................................. 450- Rosponso of Dala IinI Iayor lo Rocoivor Irror Indicalion.............................. 451 - - CIocI Roquiromonls......................................................................................................... 456GonoraI ....................................................................................................................... 456Sproad Spoclrum CIocIing (SSC) ........................................................................... 456-Impodanco and Torminalion.......................................................................................... 456Transmillor Impodanco Roquiromonls .................................................................. 457Rocoivor Impodanco Roquiromonls........................................................................ 457DC Common Modo VoIlagos ......................................................................................... 457Transmillor DC Common Modo VoIlago.............................................................. 457Rocoivor DC Common Modo VoIlago.................................................................... 457ISD and Slorl Circuil Roquiromonls............................................................................ 458Rocoivor Doloclion ........................................................................................................... 459GonoraI ....................................................................................................................... 459Will a Rocoivor Allaclod........................................................................................ 459Willoul a Rocoivor Allaclod.................................................................................. 459Irocoduro To Dolocl Irosonco or Absonco of Rocoivor ....................................... 459DifforonliaI Drivors and Rocoivors ................................................................................ 461Advanlagos of DifforonliaI SignaIing .................................................................... 461DifforonliaI VoIlagos................................................................................................. 461DifforonliaI VoIlago Nolalion.................................................................................. 462GonoraI ................................................................................................................ 462DifforonliaI IoaI VoIlago.................................................................................. 462DifforonliaI IoaI-lo-IoaI VoIlago................................................................... 462Common Modo VoIlago ................................................................................... 462IIoclricaI IdIo .................................................................................................................... 464Transmillor RosponsibiIily...................................................................................... 464Rocoivor RosponsibiIily............................................................................................ 465Iovor Consumod Wlon IinI Is in IIoclricaI IdIo Slalo ..................................... 465IIoclricaI IdIo Ixil ..................................................................................................... 465Transmission Iino Ioss on IinI.................................................................................... 465AC CoupIing..................................................................................................................... 466Do-Implasis (or Iro-Implasis) .................................................................................... 466Wlal is Do-Implasis` ............................................................................................. 466Wlal is llo IrobIom Addrossod By Do-omplasis` ............................................. 467SoIulion ...................................................................................................................... 468Boacon SignaIing.............................................................................................................. 469GonoraI ....................................................................................................................... 469Iroporlios of llo Boacon SignaI .............................................................................. 469 }illor, Noiso, and SignaI Allonualion ............................................................................ 470Tlo Iyo Tosl ...................................................................................................................... 470OplimaI Iyo ...................................................................................................................... 471}illor Widons or Narrovs llo Iyo Sidovays................................................................ 471Noiso and SignaI Allonualion Hoigllon llo Iyo ........................................................ 472- -- GonoraI............................................................................................................................... 477-Transmil Drivor CompIianco Tosl and Moasuromonl Ioad...................................... 479 -- - - - - - - - IundamonlaI Rosol .......................................................................................................... 488Mollods of SignaIing IundamonlaI Rosol ............................................................ 489IIRST# Typo IundamonlaI Rosol Gonoralion.............................................. 489Aulonomous Mollod of IundamonlaI Rosol Gonoralion ........................... 489In-Band Rosol or Hol Rosol............................................................................................. 491Rosponso lo Rocoiving a Hol Rosol Command .................................................... 491Svilclos Gonoralo Hol Rosol on Tloir Dovnslroam Iorls ................................ 492Bridgos Iorvard Hol Rosol lo llo Socondary Bus............................................... 492Hov Doos Soflvaro ToII a Dovico (o.g. Svilcl or Rool CompIox) lo Gonoralo Hol Rosol` ........................................................................................................................................ 492- Dovico SignaIs WaIoup............................................................................................ 497Iovor Managomonl Soflvaro Gonoralos WaIoup Ivonl ................................... 497 GonoraI............................................................................................................................... 500- - TS1 and TS2 Ordorod-Sols .............................................................................................. 505IIoclricaI IdIo Ordorod-Sol.............................................................................................. 507ITS Ordorod-Sol ............................................................................................................... 507SKII Ordorod-Sol ............................................................................................................. 508 - GonoraI............................................................................................................................... 508Ovorviov of ITSSM Slalos ............................................................................................. 511 - - Dolocl Slalo........................................................................................................................ 513Dolocl.Quiol SubSlalo............................................................................................... 513Dolocl.Aclivo SubSlalo ............................................................................................. 514IoIIing Slalo ...................................................................................................................... 515Inlroduclion............................................................................................................... 515IoIIing.Aclivo SubSlalo............................................................................................ 516IoIIing.Configuralion SubSlalo .............................................................................. 517IoIIing.CompIianco SubSlalo.................................................................................. 518-IoIIing.Spood SubSlalo............................................................................................. 518Configuralion Slalo.......................................................................................................... 519GonoraI ....................................................................................................................... 519Configuralion.RcvrCfg SubSlalo ............................................................................ 521Configuralion.IdIo SubSlalo.................................................................................... 522Dosigning Dovicos vill IinIs llal can bo Morgod ............................................. 522GonoraI ................................................................................................................ 522Iour-x2 Configuralion ...................................................................................... 523Tvo-x4 Configuralion....................................................................................... 523IxampIos Tlal Domonslralo Configuralion.RcvrCfg Iunclion......................... 524RcvrCfg IxampIo 1 ................................................................................................... 524IinI Numbor Nogolialion................................................................................ 525Iano Numbor Nogolialion ............................................................................... 526Confirmalion of IinI Numbor and Iano Numbor Nogolialod.................. 526RcvrCfg IxampIo 2 ................................................................................................... 527IinI Numbor Nogolialion: ............................................................................... 527Iano Numbor Nogolialion ............................................................................... 528Confirmalion of IinI Numbor and Iano Numbor Nogolialod.................. 529RcvrCfg IxampIo 3 ................................................................................................... 530IinI Numbor Nogolialion................................................................................ 530Iano Numbor Nogolialion ............................................................................... 531Confirmalion of IinI Numbor and Iano Numbor Nogolialod.................. 531Rocovory Slalo .................................................................................................................. 532Roasons llal a Dovico Inlors llo Rocovory Slalo................................................. 533Inilialing llo Rocovory Irocoss............................................................................... 533Rocovory.RcvrIocI SubSlalo .................................................................................. 533Rocovory.RcvrCfg SubSlalo..................................................................................... 534Rocovory.IdIo SubSlalo............................................................................................. 535I0 Slalo .............................................................................................................................. 537I0s Slalo............................................................................................................................. 538I0s Transmillor Slalo Maclino ............................................................................... 538Tx_I0s.Inlry SubSlalo ...................................................................................... 538Tx_I0s.IdIo SubSlalo ......................................................................................... 538Tx_I0s.ITS SubSlalo ......................................................................................... 539I0s Rocoivor Slalo Maclino..................................................................................... 540Rx_I0s.Inlry SubSlalo...................................................................................... 540Rx_I0s.IdIo SubSlalo......................................................................................... 540Rx_I0s.ITS SubSlalo ......................................................................................... 540I1 Slalo .............................................................................................................................. 541I1.Inlry SubSlalo...................................................................................................... 541I1.IdIo SubSlalo......................................................................................................... 542I2 Slalo .............................................................................................................................. 543-I2.IdIo SubSlalo......................................................................................................... 543I1.TransmilWaIo SubSlalo ..................................................................................... 543Hol Rosol Slalo.................................................................................................................. 544DisabIo Slalo...................................................................................................................... 545IoopbacI Slalo ................................................................................................................. 547IoopbacI.Inlry SubSlalo......................................................................................... 547IoopbacI.Aclivo SubSlalo....................................................................................... 548IoopbacI.Ixil SubSlalo............................................................................................ 548 -- IinI CapabiIily Rogislor ................................................................................................. 549Maximum IinI Spood|3:0] ...................................................................................... 549Maximum IinI Widll|9:4]...................................................................................... 550IinI Slalus Rogislor ......................................................................................................... 551IinI Spood|3:0]:......................................................................................................... 551Nogolialo IinI Widll|9:4]....................................................................................... 551Training Irror|10] ..................................................................................................... 551IinI Training|11] ...................................................................................................... 551IinI ConlroI Rogislor ...................................................................................................... 552IinI DisabIo............................................................................................................... 552Rolrain IinI ............................................................................................................... 552Ixlondod Syncl......................................................................................................... 552 - - Ixpansion Iorl DoIivors SIol Iovor Iimil................................................................... 562Ixpansion Dovico Iimils Iovor Consumplion........................................................... 564 - - Basics of ICI IM.............................................................................................................. 569OnNov Dosign Inilialivo Sclomo Dofinos OvoraII IM............................................. 571GoaIs ........................................................................................................................... 572Syslom IM Slalos...................................................................................................... 572Dovico IM Slalos....................................................................................................... 573Dofinilion of Dovico Conloxl................................................................................... 574-GonoraI ................................................................................................................ 574IM Ivonl (IMI) Conloxl ................................................................................. 575Dovico CIass-Spocific IM Spocificalions ............................................................... 576DofauIl Dovico CIass Spocificalion.................................................................. 576Dovico CIass-Spocific IM Spocificalions ........................................................ 576Iovor Managomonl IoIicy Ovnor ........................................................................ 577GonoraI ................................................................................................................ 577In Windovs OS Invironmonl.......................................................................... 577ICI Ixpross Iovor Managomonl vs. ACII.................................................................. 577ICI Ixpross Bus Drivor Accossos ICI Ixpross Configuralion and IM Rogislors.577ACII Drivor ConlroIs Non-Slandard Imboddod Dovicos ................................. 577Somo IxampIo Sconarios ......................................................................................... 579SconarioOS Wislos To Iovor Dovn ICI Ixpross Dovicos..................... 580SconarioRosloro AII Iunclions To Iovorod Up Slalo .............................. 582SconarioSolup a Iunclion-Spocific Syslom WaIoUp Ivonl..................... 583 Tlo IM CapabiIily Rogislor Sol ..................................................................................... 585Dovico IM Slalos.............................................................................................................. 586D0 SlaloIuII On..................................................................................................... 586Mandalory. ......................................................................................................... 586D0 UniniliaIizod................................................................................................. 586D0 Aclivo ............................................................................................................ 587D1 SlaloIigll SIoop............................................................................................... 587D2 SlaloDoop SIoop............................................................................................... 589D3IuII Off .............................................................................................................. 590D3Hol Slalo......................................................................................................... 591D3CoId Slalo....................................................................................................... 592Iunclion IM Slalo Transilions................................................................................ 593DolaiIod Doscriplion of ICI-IM Rogislors ................................................................... 596IM CapabiIilios (IMC) Rogislor............................................................................. 597IM ConlroI/Slalus (IMCSR) Rogislor .................................................................. 599Dala Rogislor ............................................................................................................. 603Dolormining Irosonco of llo Dala Rogislor ................................................... 604Oporalion of llo Dala Rogislor ........................................................................ 604MuIli-Iunclion Dovicos .................................................................................... 604VirluaI ICI-lo-ICI Bridgo Iovor Dala........................................................... 604 I0s Slalo............................................................................................................................. 611Inlry inlo I0s ............................................................................................................ 611Inlry inlo I0s Triggorod by IinI IdIo Timo.................................................. 611-IIov ConlroI Crodils Musl bo DoIivorod....................................................... 612Transmillor Inilialos Inlry lo I0s ................................................................... 612Ixil from I0s Slalo.................................................................................................... 613Transmillor Inilialos I0s Ixil ........................................................................... 613Aclions TaIon by Svilclos llal Rocoivo I0s Ixil ......................................... 613I1 ASIM Slalo.................................................................................................................. 614Dovnslroam Compononl Docidos lo Inlor I1 ASIM........................................ 615Nogolialion Roquirod lo Inlor I1 ASIM.............................................................. 616Sconario 1: Boll Iorls Roady lo Inlor I1 ASIM Slalo........................................ 616Dovnslroam Compononl Issuos Roquosl lo Inlor I1 Slalo........................ 616Upslroam Compononl Roquiromonls lo Inlor I1 ASIM............................ 617Upslroam Compononl AcInovIodgos Roquosl lo Inlor I1........................ 617Dovnslroam Compononl Dolocls AcInovIodgomonl ................................ 617Upslroam Compononl Rocoivos IIoclricaI IdIo............................................. 617Sconario 2: Upslroam Compononl Transmils TII }usl Irior lo Rocoiving I1 Ro-quosl .......................................................................................................................................... 618TII Musl Bo Accoplod by Dovnslroam Compononl .................................. 619Upslroam Compononl Rocoivos Roquosl lo Inlor I1................................... 619Ixil from I1 ASIM Slalo ......................................................................................... 621I1 ASIM Ixil SignaIing.................................................................................... 621Svilcl Rocoivos I1 Ixil from Dovnslroam Compononl............................. 622Svilcl Rocoivos I1 Ixil from Upslroam Compononl .................................. 623ASIM Ixil Ialoncy.......................................................................................................... 624Roporling a VaIid ASIM Ixil Ialoncy .................................................................. 625I0s Ixil Ialoncy Updalo................................................................................... 625I1 Ixil Ialoncy Updalo .................................................................................... 626CaIcuIaling Ialoncy Bolvoon Indpoinl lo Rool CompIox ................................. 626 D1/D2/D3Hol and llo I1 Slalo .................................................................................... 629Inloring llo I1 Slalo ................................................................................................ 630Ixiling llo I1 Slalo................................................................................................... 632Upslroam Compononl Inilialos I1 lo I0 Transilion..................................... 632Dovnslroam Compononl Inilialos I1 lo I0 Transilion ............................... 633Tlo I1 Ixil IrolocoI .......................................................................................... 633I2/I3 Roady Romoving Iovor from llo IinI....................................................... 633I2/I3 Roady HandslaIo Soquonco....................................................................... 634Ixiling llo I2/I3 Roady Slalo CIocI and Iovor Romovod.......................... 637Tlo I2 Slalo................................................................................................................ 637Tlo I3 Slalo................................................................................................................ 637 Tlo IMI Mossago............................................................................................................ 639Tlo IMI Soquonco........................................................................................................... 640-IMI Mossago BacI Irossuro DoadIocI Avoidanco.................................................... 640BacIground................................................................................................................ 641Tlo IrobIom............................................................................................................... 641Tlo SoIulion............................................................................................................... 641Tlo IMI Conloxl ............................................................................................................. 642WaIing Non-Communicaling IinIs............................................................................. 642Boacon......................................................................................................................... 643WAKI# (AUX Iovor).............................................................................................. 643AuxiIiary Iovor ............................................................................................................... 645 - -- Surpriso RomovaI Nolificalion....................................................................................... 652Difforoncos bolvoon ICI and ICI Ixpross Hol IIug.................................................. 652- Soflvaro IIomonls ........................................................................................................... 655Hardvaro IIomonls......................................................................................................... 656 - - On and Off Slalos ............................................................................................................. 658Dofinilion of On and Off.......................................................................................... 658Turning SIol Off ........................................................................................................ 658Turning SIol On......................................................................................................... 659Card RomovaI Irocoduro................................................................................................ 659Allonlion Bullon Usod lo Inilialo Hol IIug RomovaI ......................................... 659Hol IIug RomovaI Roquosl Issuod via Usor Inlorfaco......................................... 660Card Insorlion Irocoduro................................................................................................ 661Card Insorlion Inilialod by Irossing Allonlion Bullon ....................................... 661Card Insorlion Inilialod by Usor Inlorfaco ............................................................ 662 - BacIground....................................................................................................................... 663Slandard Usor Inlorfaco .................................................................................................. 664Allonlion Indicalor ................................................................................................... 664Iovor Indicalor......................................................................................................... 665ManuaIIy Oporalod Rolonlion Ialcl and Sonsor................................................. 666IIoclromoclanicaI InlorIocI (oplionaI).................................................................. 667Soflvaro Usor Inlorfaco............................................................................................ 667Allonlion Bullon ....................................................................................................... 667SIol Numboring Idonlificalion................................................................................ 668- SIol CapabiIilios................................................................................................................ 670SIol Iovor Iimil ConlroI ......................................................................................... 672SIol ConlroI ....................................................................................................................... 672SIol Slalus and Ivonls Managomonl ............................................................................. 674Card SIol vs Sorvor IO ModuIo ImpIomonlalions ....................................................... 676Dolocling ModuIo and BIado CapabiIilios............................................................. 678Hol IIug Mossagos ...................................................................................................