PE-85：電源IC～電源技術發展的推手 (2008 電力研討會)pemclab.cn.nctu.edu.tw/W3news/技術專欄/2008-12-05：電源IC～電源技術發展... · 12/5/2008 · Adding

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【專題演講】電源IC～電源技術發展的推手 (2008 電力研討會)交通大學 copyright © 808-電力電子實驗室 Dec. 5, 2008

台灣新竹‧交通大學‧電機與控制工程研究所‧808實驗室電源系統與晶片、數位電源、馬達控制驅動晶片、DSP/FPGA控制

http://pemclab.cn.nctu.edu.tw/Lab-808: Power Electronic Systems & Chips Lab., NCTU, Taiwan

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電源IC～電源技術發展的推手『電力電子於綠能產業之展望』論壇引言

2008電力研討會

Filename: \B01 投影片：【1】電力電子 (研究所)\PE-85：電源IC～電源技術發展的推手 (2008 電力研討會).ppt

2008年12月5日

鄒應嶼教授

國立交通大學電機與控制工程研究所

LAB808NCTU

Lab808: 電力電子系統與晶片實驗室Power Electronic Systems & Chips, NCTU, TAIWAN

台灣新竹•交通大學•電機與控制工程研究所

台灣新竹‧交通大學‧電機與控制工程研究所‧808實驗室電源系統與晶片、數位電源、馬達控制驅動晶片、單晶片DSP/FPGA控制


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Power IC

The Driving Force for Power Electronics

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Power Management IC –The Driving Force for Power Supply Technology

Efficiency Optimization – Energy Saving

Power Management IC for …

EMI/THD Reduction – Power Quality

System Integration – Simplify SPS Design

Power Generation – Renewable Energy

Cost Reduction – BOM Cost & Design Cost

Smart Power – Easy for Use

4/30

The First PWM IC: SG1524, Bob Mammano, 1976.

SG1524: -55°C ~ 125°CSG2524: -25°C ~ 85°CSG3524: 0°C ~ 70°C

Bob Mammano is staff technologis t and a TI Fellow in Texas Instruments' Power Management Products group. He has more than 50 years of experience in analog power control technology and is widely recognized as the “father of the PWM IC industry .” Holder of 16 patents in this field, Bob has participated in new product definition, technical marketing, and has been a significant part of Unitrode’s and TI’s Power Supply Seminar programs since 1981. He has a degree in physics from the University of Colorado.

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A Historic Review of PWM Controller IC

[1] Gene Heftman, PWM - From a Single Chip To a Giant Industry, Power Electronics Technology, October 2005. [2] Bob Mammano, Are We There Yet - power control integration, Plenary Session, APEC 2007.

Plenary Session, APEC 2007.

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What is the Power Conversion Efficiency?

The Power Conversion efficiency is defined as how effectively the AC voltage is converted to the ultimate DC voltage required by the server components.

AC/DC

Internal drive5V

External drive12V

I/O3.3V

Memory controller12V

μ processor12V

SDRAM3.3V

Graphics controller3.3V

AC/DC multi output PS

DC/DC voltageregulator modules

DC/DC

DC/DC

1.5/2.5V

1.1V-1.85V

Multi-outputDC/DC

switcher

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Where are Losses in a Switching Power Converter?

Source: Intel Corp., 2006.

Load100WTotal

245W

The Overall Efficiency < 40%

Room cooling

system 40W

UPS+PDU25W

Servefans15W

PSU50W

VR15W

Power Consumption: 100W System Load for PC & Server

Just Computing!

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Synchronous Buck Converter

Since 1996, we replace the diode with a MOSFETReduce the voltage drop in low output voltage regulatorReduce the conduction loss in low-voltage high-current applications

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FAN2108 — TinyBuck 3-24V Input, 8A, High-Efficiency, Integrated Synchronous Buck Regulator (Sept. 2008, Fairchild)

Over the past 30 years, the technology progresses in putting all active power devices into a power IC!

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FAN2108: Block Diagram

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Multi-Mode Operation for Efficiency Optimization

CRM Buck Inductor @ Standby Operation

iL

0t

)(21

AVGLL ii =Δ

B

H

cHΔ

satBB

H

satBB

H

satB

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Transient Response Under Large Load Variations@ Open Loop Control with Constant Frequency and Duty

DCM

D = 1.0

0.1

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.9

CCM

80% 100%60%40% 110%90%10% 20%

從工作點

到工作點

的軌跡均在連續導

通工作區內，但是從工作點

到工作點

則有部分會進入不連續導通工作區。

Vo/Vi = 1.0

0.25

0.5

0.75

0

1.0

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STW4141 - Single Coil Dual Output Step Down DC-DC Converter (STM 2005-12-14)

(a) Converter topology(b) Typical waveforms

The First Single-Inductor Dual Output DC-DC ConverterEDN 2005 Innovation Awards

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Digital Solution for Performance/Cost Improvement

Provides more functiona than analog

Smart powerDigital Power Solution!

Programmable via PMBus protocolProgrammable (sequencing, Vo)Monitoring (fault)

Performance superior tha analog Efficiency optimization for multi-mode operation

Higher efficiency & faster responsePower OS: self-tuning/diagnosisPerformance/functions beyond analog power

Take advantage of VLSI process VLSIperformance superior than analog

13K Gates0.25um CMOS

0.22 mm2

GUI powersupply

USB PMBusPC

VINVOUT

GUI powersupply

PMBus VINVOUT

OR

Digital Filter Equivalent

+−

Vout

R3

R1

R2

C1

C2 C3

VcompReference

No external components

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Digital Control for Efficiency Optimization

Digital Control Squeezes 40 A from Buck Converter, Benoit Herve, Product Manager, Zilker Labs, Austin, Texas, Power Electronics Technology, pp. 32-37, August 2007

40A Synchronous Buck Converter

Vout

R3

R1 R2

C1

C2

C3

Vcomp

Reference

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4-Phase Interleaved Synchronous Buck Converter

i1

i2

i3

io

i4

Vo

CdcVdc

S1c

D1c

S2c

D2c

S3c

D3c

S4c

D4c

S1D1

S2D2

S3D3

S4D4

COIntegratedMagneticCore

RESR

IΔ◊

Li

t

⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛

dtdi

⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎝⎛

dtdi

Reduction of Current Ripple Voltage Regulation Module

2

311 ⎟

⎠⎞⎜

⎝⎛ Δ+=

IIDIIRMS

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Digital Control of Mult-Phase Interleaved Synchronous Buck Converter (Si8250)

8-channelSelf-sequencing

12-bit ADC subsystem

comparator 2%Oscillator

Tempsensor

VREF

SMBus/I2C Port 0

4×16 bitTimer

UART Port 13-ChanPAC

8/16/32 KISP flash

128KBSRAM

POR WDTDEBUGcircuitryFlexible

Vectoredinterrupts

50MIPSNios II Processor

Diff Input10 MHz ADC DSP filter engine

Six-phaseDPWM

PeakCurrent

Limiting & OCPVREFDAC

ANALOG PERIPHERIALS DIGITAL PERIPHERIALS

HIGH BANDWIDTH CONTROLPROCESSOR

SYSTEM MANAGEMENT PROCESSOR

Vin

IL IO VO

RESR

CO

L1

L2

L3

L4

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Self-driven Synchronous Rectifier

Replacing the output diode with an N-channel MOSFET and adding a winding to the power transformer to generate the synchronous-gate-drive signal can convert a standard diode rectified flyback supply (a) into a self-driven synchronous-flyback supply (b).

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Elimination of Shoot-through Losses

Adding an isolated gate-drive signal with programmable delays to the synchronous flyback (a) can eliminate shoot-through losses (b).

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Ci Co

Cdc12

3

IR1166S Synchronous Rectifier for Flyback Converter

Increases overall system efficiency by 1%Reduces the SR PCB area by 50%Uses 75% fewer componentsAllows a 20%+ reduction in SR costAllows 'no heatsink' design

Replace the Diode with a MOSFET to reduce the voltage drop for low-voltage regulator and to improve the efficiency!

Vin

Rtn

Rs

Cs

Rdc

XFMU1

4

8

7

65

Rg

VCC

OVT

MOT

EN

VGATE

GND

VS

VD

IR1166SRMOT

load

Replace with a smart switch!

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Physical Meaning of Power Factor & Efficiency

EMI F

ilter

Power Factor = pφ

Efficiency = η1 Efficiency = η2

20

0

)()(1 RMSTt

toRIdttitv

TP == ∫

+

oPrmsrms VIS =

What we pay for it! What we really get!oPpS =⋅⋅⋅ 21 ηηϕ S

Pp o=⋅⋅ 21 ηηϕ

This is why power factor and efficiency are both very important!

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1kW, 1U,12V Two-Stage Server Power Supply

Vin

D1 D3

D2D4 va

Q1

Q2vb

Q3

Q4

LlCf

ioVo

R+

−

Lf

Lm

vABvs

iL

Interleaved Boost PFC Controller

S1

S2

Two-Phase Interleaved Bridge Boost PFC Converter with ZVT Phase-Shift PWM DC/DC Converter, Synchronous Rectifier and Current Doubler

ZVT Phase-Shift PWM Controller

R2A20112 Interleaved CRM (Renesas)UCC28060/UCC28070 Interleaved CRM (TI-Unitrode)UCC3818 CCM Average Current (TI-Unitrode)IR1150 CCM One Cycle Control (IR) IEC1PCS01 Average Current Control (Infineon)NCP1377 PWM CCM Quasi-Resonant Operation (On Semi)

UCC3895 (TI-Unitrode)LTC3722 (Linear)ISL6752 (Intersil)HA16163T (Renesas)

Q5

Q6

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Digital Control for Efficiency Optimization

EMI FilterActive Power Module

Vac

Integrated Magnetics

Multi-Mode Control (CCM, CRM, DCM, Stand-by Mode) Interleaved OperationGain Scheduling Adaptive Control Phase-Shift PWM and Frequency Tuning for Optimal Efficiency

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交直流轉換器之功率因數與電力流向控制 (彭世興 1991)

摘要—本論文共分兩大部分，第一部分著重於交直流轉換

器之功因控制研究，主要探討昇壓式(boost)功因改善技術

，推導數學模型，再以頻率響應技術設計出合於要求的迴

路補償器，並分析市面上功因改善IC晶片的特性，選定

UC3854功因改善晶片設計一個1kW的昇壓式功因改善電路，

作為理論之驗證，實驗結果顯示昇壓式功因改善電路，可

以提高功率因數為1，效率為94.6%。同時藉由回授方式，

提供輸出直流電壓之初級穩壓，預期此種技術將廣泛應用

於UPS與SPS之輸入級設計。第二部份探討雙向脈寬調變式

交直流電源轉換 (bilateral PWM AC/DC power

conversion)技術，採用數位式控制方式，整個交直流電源

轉換器的控制，用一顆16位元單晶片微控器來完成，藉由

控制PWM之控制訊號與輸入訊號的相角差來控制電流的大小

與方向，並控制調變指數(modulation index)做功因控制

。實驗結果顯示雙向交直流電源轉換技術，可精確控制DC

端電流平均值之方向與大小，同時可控制功率因數達0.93

，因此是未來高效率高品質電力轉換系統的關鍵性技術。

UC3854 PFC Controller IC

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New Generation PFC Control benefits from Digital Controller for Voltage Regulation

Integrated high performance PFC stage Intelligent digital / mixed signal power control Integrated high voltage half bridge driver All parameters set using only resistors Highly accurate timing and frequency control over a wide temperature range

End-of-LifeDetection

PFC Digital Voltage Loop

Controller

ProtectionLogic

Restart Control

VCO

PFC CRMCurrentControl

Clock & SPI

PowerSupply

Preheating

PFCGate Drive

InverterLow-Side

Current Sense

InverterLow-SideGate Drive

InverterHigh-SideGate Drive

ICB1FL02G Smart Ballast Control IC

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Digital CRM PFC Controller

Digital PFC Controller Internal Block Diagram

+

−

+

−

UVLO

Enable0.2V

20V

ReferenceVoltage

Vref

VCC

GND

DETIN

+

−Inhibit

2.2V

2.5V

10V12.5V

1.0V1.5V

+

−Detector

multout

1V

5.4V

Multiplier

VSENSE VAOUT MULTIN ISENSE

OVR

Inhibittime delay

tdsd=70ns

0.5V

5V

tdVA=2us

+

−ClampCurren

t

LEB

RestartTimer

tres=150us

+

−

+

−

1V

3.5V

Vref

uvloactive

shut down

7

GTDRV

RSFlip-Flop

GateDrive

1 2 3 4

8

6

5

+

−Voltage

Amp +

−

CurrentComp

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80+ Initiatives (March 2004)

The 80 PLUS performance specification requires power supplies incomputers and servers to be 80% or greater energy efficient at 20%, 50% and 100% of rated load with a true power factor of 0.9 or greater.

http://www.80plus.org/

Logos for Improved Energy Efficiency

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Proposed Energy Consumption Limits for Computers

80% minimum efficiency at 20%, 50%, 100% rated power plus factor > 0.9 @ 100% load

All computer with internal power supplies

Same as external power supply specificationsAll with external suppliesActive

90workstations

52Integrated computers

50DesktopsSolution to “network” problem TBD

15Notebooks

Idle


5Desktops & workstationsEnter automatically within 15 minutes of inactivity

5Notebooks

Sleep


2Desktops & workstations

Same as external power supplies0.5NotebooksStandby

(off)

NotesWattsUnitMode Power Management

Efficiency Improvement

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On-Semi 80+ 250W ATX Reference Design

Continuous conduction mode

power factor correction

Active clamp technology for increased efficiency

and low cost

MSR860PFC diode

Clamp MOSFET

Synchronous rectification controller

Highly integrated current-mode

SMPS regulator

NCP1653PFC

controller

Biasoutput

NCP1014SMPS

regulator

Driver

EMIfilter

+12 Vout+5 VoutNCP4330+3.3 Vout

postregulator

outputrectification

TL431

TL431

NTD110N02NTP65N02

Synchronousrectifiers

NCP1

12Su

perv

isor

y IC

SMPSMOSFET

NCP1280SMPS

controller

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Summary: Power Management IC –The Driving Force for Power Supply Technology

Efficiency Optimization – Energy Saving

Power Management IC for …

EMI/THD Reduction – Power Quality

System Integration – Simplify SPS Design

Power Generation – Renewable Energy

Cost Reduction – BOM Cost & Design Cost

Smart Power – Easy for Use

Documents

PE-85：電源IC～電源技術發展的推手 (2008 電力研討會)pemclab.cn.nctu.edu.tw/W3news/技術專欄/2008-12-05：電源IC～電源技術發展... · 12/5/2008 · Adding