PEKA BIO F5

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

1/31

BIOLOGY PRACTICAL FORM 5

CHAPTER 2: LOCOMOTION AND SUPPORT

List of PEKA experiment:

1. Observing and studying a model of the human skeleton

2. Observing a chicken wing to note the position and nature of muscles, ligaments and

tendons3. Observing the mechanism of locomotion in an earthworm, a grasshopper and a fish

4. Ways to care our musculoskeletal system

5. Studying how to support is achieved in floating aquatic plants

6. Studying how support is achieved in a herbaceous plant

7. Studying cross sections of old stems to identify tissues that help in support

Number Activity 2.1 (Observation)

Pg. 31

Title Observing and study ing a model of the hum an skeleton

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo observe and study a model of the human skeleton

Material

Model of a human skeleton

Computer software

Chart


Pg. 33

TitleObserving a chicken wing to n ote the pos it ion and nature of

mu scles, l igaments and tendo ns

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To observe a chicken wing to note the position and nature of muscles,

ligaments and tendons.

Material Chicken win, paper towel, alcohol and latex gloves

Apparatus Dissection tools


Pg. 38

TitleObserv ing the m echanism of locom ot ion in an earthworm, a

grassho pper and a fish

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To observe the mechanism of locomotion in an earthworm, a

grasshopper and a fish

Material Paper towel

Earthworms in a plastic container

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

2/31


A grasshopper in a plastic container

A fish in an aquarium

Apparatus Hand lens

Dissection tray

Technique used Observe and study the mechanism of locomotion in an animal


Pg. 40

Title Ways to care our m uscu loskeletal system

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo practise ways to care for the musculoskeletal system

Material

Printed materials

Newspapers

Magazines

The Internet


Pg. 44

Title Studying h ow to sup port is achieved in float ing aquatic plants

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study how to support is achieved in floating aquatic plants

Material Water hyacinth (Eichornia crassipes)

Apparatus

Beaker (1000 ml)

Sharp knife

Cutting board

Hand lens

Technique used Observe and study the adaptations for support in a floating aquatic plant.


Pg. 45

Title Studying how su ppo rt is achieved in a herbaceous plant

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study how support is achieved in a herbaceous plant

Material Balsam plants

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

3/31


Apparatus

Microscope

Microscope slide

Cover slip

Sharp knife

Cutting board

Technique used Study and observe the support in terrestrial plants.


Pg. 46

TitleStudying c ross s ect ions of old stems to identi fy t issues that help in

support

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To study cross sections of old stems to identify tissues that help in

support

Material Prepared slides / photomicrographs of old stems (Tiliasp.)

Apparatus Micoscope

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

4/31


CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE

List of PEKA experiments:

1. Viewing computer simulations on the pathways involved in detecting and responding

to external and internal stimuli in humans and animals.

2. Studying models and graphics of the human nervous system and brain.

3. Visiting homes for the aged or homes for patients with Alzheimers or Parkinsons

disease.

4. Studying sections of a mammalian kidney.

5. Studying the effect of different quantities of water intake on urine output.

6. Designing a simple experiment to test urine for the presence of glucose.

7. Planning and conducting a programme against drug and alcohol abuse.

8. Learning about the process of fruit ripening.

9. Studying human responses to external and internal environment.

10. Studying animal responses to their external environment.

11. Studying plant responses to the external environment.12. Studying the effect of different types of drinks on urine output.

Number Activity 3.1 (Simulation)

Pg. 48

Title Viewing compu ter s imulat ions on the pathways involved in

detect ing and respondin g to external and internal st imu l i in humans

and anim als.

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To view computer simulations on the pathways involved in detecting and

responding to external and internal stimuli in humans and animals.

Material CD-ROMs

Apparatus -


Pg. 49

Title

Studying mo dels and graphics of the hum an nervous system and

brain

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study models and graphics of the human nervous system and brain

Material Models and graphics of the human nervous system and brain

Apparatus -

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

5/31


Number Activity 3.3 (Educational Trip)

Pg. 52

TitleVisiting homes for the aged or homes for patients with Alzheimers

or Parkinsons disease

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To visit homes for the aged or homes for patients with Alzheimers or

Parkinsons disease


Pg. 52

Title Studying sect ions of a mammalian kidney

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study sections of a mammalian kidney

Material Sections of a mammalian kidney

Colour pencils

Apparatus Microscope

Number Activity 3.5 (Experiment)

Pg. 54

Title

Studying the effect of dif ferent quanti t ies of water intake on urine

output

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study the effect of different quantities of water intake on urine output

Variables

Manipulated variable: Volume of water drunk

Responding variable: Volume of urine collected

Fixed variable: Type of drink, time intervals after which urine is

collected

Material Distilled water

Apparatus

Drinking cups Containers for collecting urine

Measuring cylinders

Stopwatch

Technique usedMeasure and record the total volume of urine collected at 30 minute

intervals for 90 minutes.

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

6/31


Number Exploring Further (Experiment)

Pg. 55

TitleDesigning a simp le experiment to test u rine for the presence of

g lucose

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo design a simple experiment to test urine for the presence of glucose

Variables

Manipulated variable: Type of drink (glucose drink)

Responding variable: Volume of urine collected

Fixed variable: Volume of water drunk, time intervals after which

urine is collected

Material Glucose drink

Apparatus

Drinking cups

Containers for collecting urine Measuring cylinders

Stopwatch

Technique usedMeasure and record the total volume of urine collected at 30 minute


Number Activity 3.6 (Project)

Pg. 56

Title Planning and conduct ing a programme against drug and alcoholabuse

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo plan and conduct a programme against drug and alcohol abuse

Material

The Internet

Reference books

Newspaper

Science journals

Apparatus -

Technique used Collect and evaluate reading materials

Number Creative corner

Pg. 57

Title Learning about the process of frui t ripening

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To learn about the process of fruit ripening

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

7/31


Material Four bunches of unripe bananas

Two bunches of ripe bananas

Cling wrap

Four identical plates

Apparatus -

Number Experiment 1 (extra)

Pg. -

Title Studying h uman respon ses to external and internal environm ent

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To study human responses to external and internal environment

Responding to chemicals (external environment)

Responding to a rise in body temperature (internal environment)

Responding to a fall in the osmotic pressure of blood (internal

environment)

Material Granulated sugar

Salt

Lime juice

Drinking water

Ice water

Apparatus Teaspoon

Technique used Observe human being respond to changes in their internal and externalenvironments

Number Experiment 2 (Extra)

Pg. -

Title Studying anim al respons es to their external environm ent

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study animal responses to their external environment

Material

Granulated sugar

Ants

Snails

Potted plant

Apparatus

A Petri dish

Spoon

A torchlight

Technique usedObserve and record animals respond to changes in their external

environment

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

8/31


Number Experiment 3 (Extra)

Pg. -

Title Studying p lant respo nses to the external environment

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To study plant responses to the external environment

Responding to touch

Responding to light

Responding to water

Responding to gravity

Material Live mimosa pudicaplant

Green bean seedling

Apparatus

A Petri dish

Wire mesh Cotton wool

Silica gel

A beaker

Plasticine

Technique usedObserve and record plants respond to changes in their external

environment

Number Practical assessment (Experiment)Pg. 58

Title Studying th e effect of dif ferent types of drinks on ur ine output

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study the effect of different types of drinks on urine output

Variables

Manipulated variable: Test liquid drunk

Responding variable: Volume of urine collected after the drink

Fixed variable: Volume of the distilled water drunk one hour before

the experiment

Material

Distilled water

0.9% of sodium chloride solution

5% of sodium chloride solution

Apparatus

Drinking cups

Containers for collecting urine

Measuring cylinders

Stopwatch

Technique used

Measure and record the total volume of urine collected at 30 minute


5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

9/31


CHAPTER 4 REPRODUCTION AND GROWTH

List of experiment:

1. Studying the stages in formation of sperm and ova

2. Studying and discussing the effect of hormonal levels on follicle development,

ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum and changes in the thickness of the

endometrium

3. Observing graphics and simulations on the formation and early development of a

zygote and the formation of twins

4. Preparing a folio on the functions of the placenta and the advantages of the foetus

having a separate circulatory system from that of the mother

5. Preparing a folio on the contribution of science and technology to human

reproduction

6. Identifying the parts of a flower and the structures that produce reproductive cells

7. Investigating the parts of a wind-pollinated flower

8. Preparing a simple manual of Malaysian flower9. Studying and drawing diagrams to show the stages in formation of pollen grain and

the embryo sac

10. Observing the germination of pollen grain in sugar solution

11. Examining the structure of fruits

12. Identifying growth zones at the plant root tip and shoot tip

13. Studying the growth of maize

14. Studying the growth of an insect

15. Identifying plants that undergo primary and secondary growth

16. Identifying primary and secondary growth tissue in the stem and root of a

dicotyledonous plant17. Preparing folio on the importance of primary and secondary growth to plants, the

similarities and differences between these two types of growth and the economic

importance of plants that undergo secondary growth

18. Studying the growth of insect P


Pg. 61

Title Studying th e stages in formation of sperm and o va

Aim / Objective ofthe Study

To study the stages in formation of sperm and ova

Material

Charts

Electron micrographs of sperm and ovum formation

Prepared slides of cross sections of the human testis and ovary

Apparatus The compound microscope

Technique used Observe prepared slides of cross sections by using microscope

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

10/31



Pg. 63

Title Studying and d iscuss ing the effect of hormonal levels on fol l ic le

development, ovulat ion, formation of the corpus luteum and

changes in the thickness of the endom etrium

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To study and discussing the effect of hormonal levels on follicle

development, ovulation, formation of the corpus luteum and changes in

the thickness of the endometrium

Material CD-ROMs

Transparencies

Apparatus LCD projector

Overhead projector

Technique used Observe the development of follicles, the process of ovulation, theformation of the corpus luteum and the thickness of the endometrium.


Pg. 64

TitleObserving graphic s and simulat ions on the formation and early

development of a zygote and the formation of twins

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To observe graphics and simulations on the formation and early

development of a zygote and the formation of twins

Material CD-ROMs

Computer courseware

Apparatus LCD projector


Pg. 65

Title

Preparing a fol io on the fun ct ions o f the placenta and th e

advantages of the foetus having a separate circulatory s ystem fromthat of the moth er

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To prepare a folio on the functions of the placenta and the advantages of

the foetus having a separate circulatory system from that of the mother

Material Reference books

The Internet

Apparatus -

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

11/31



Pg. 66

TitlePreparing a fol io on the contr ib ut ion of science and technolog y to

human reproduct ion

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To prepare a folio on the contribution of science and technology to

human reproduction

Material Printed materials

The Internet

Apparatus -


Pg. 67

TitleIdent i fy ing the parts of a flower and the structur es that produce

reprodu ct ive cel ls

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To identify the parts of a flower and the structures that produce

reproductive cells

Material Flower of the flame of the forest (Delonix regia)

Alcohol

Apparatus

A hand lens

A scalpel

A ruler A compound microscope

Glass slides and cover slips

A pair of forceps

Technique usedObserve and examine male reproduction cell and female reproduction

cell of a flower by using a compound microscope

Number Exploring Further

Pg. 69

Title Invest igat ing the parts of a wind-pol l inated flower

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo investigate the parts of a wind-pollinated flower

Material Grass flower (Ischaemum muticum)

Apparatus

A hand lens

A scalpel

A ruler

A compound microscope

Glass slides and cover slips A pair of forceps

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

12/31


Technique usedObserve and examine the parts of a wing-pollinated flower by using a

compound microscope


Pg. 70

Title Preparing a simple manual of Malaysian flower

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo prepare a simple manual of Malaysian flower

Material

Specimens of Malaysian flowers

Watercolour paint

Art block paper

Apparatus

Hand lens

Scalpel Paint brushes


Pg. 71

TitleStudying and drawing diagrams to show the stages in format ion of

pol len grain and the emb ryo sac

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To study and draw diagrams to show the stages in formation of pollen

grain and the embryo sac

Material Prepared slides of the cross section of the anther and ovule


Technique usedObserve and examine the prepared slides of the cross section of the

anther and ovule by using a compound microscope


Pg. 72

Title Observing the germinat ion of pol len grain in sugar solut ion

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo observe the germination of pollen grain in sugar solution

Material

Sucrose solution (5%)

Sucrose solution (10%)

Anthers from balsam (Impatiens balsamina)

Anther from Mexican lilac (Gliricidia sepium)

Acetocarmine stain

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

13/31


Apparatus

Forceps

Cavity slides

Cover slips

Glass dropper

Dissecting needle

Microscope

Technique usedSlide preparation and observe the germination of pollen grain in sugar

solution by using a compound microscope


Pg. 73

Title Examining the structure of frui ts


To examine the structure of fruits

Material Long beans

Unripe mangoes

Apparatus

Hand lens

Knife

Scalpel

A pair of forceps


Pg. 74

Title Ident i fy ing growth zones at the plant root t ip and sho ot t ip

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo identify growth zones at the plant root tip and shoot tip

Material Prepared slides / charts of onion (Allium sp.) root tip and shoot tip

Apparatus Compound microscope

Technique used

Slide preparation and observe the three growth zones at the root tip and

shoot tip (zone of cell division, zone of cell elongation and zone of

differentiation) by using a compound microscope


Pg. 75

Title Studying th e growth of maize

Aim / Objective of

the Study To study the growth of maize

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

14/31


Problem statement What is the shape of the growth curve of maize?

Hypothesis The growth curve of maize is sigmoid

Variables

Manipulated variable: Time after planting (days).

Responding variable: Average plant height (cm) or average dry

mass.

Fixed variable: Maize seed.

Material Nursery site with loam soil

1520 maize seeds

Apparatus Measuring tape or weighting scale

Metre rule or oven

Number Activity 4.12 (Project)Pg. 77

Title Studying the growth of an insect

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study the growth of an insect

Material Prepared slides / charts of onion (Alliumsp.) root tip and shoot tip

Apparatus Compound microscope

Technique used

Slide preparation and observe the three growth zones at the root tip and

shoot tip (zone of cell division, zone of cell elongation and zone of

differentiation) by using a compound microscope

Number Activity 4.13 (Field Study)

Pg. 78

Title Ident i fy ing plants that undergo prim ary and secondary g rowth

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo identify plants that undergo primary and secondary growth

Material

A notebook and stationery

Apparatus

Hand lens

A pair of binoculars

Camera

Technique used Identify primary and secondary growth (plant)


Pg. 79

TitleIdent i fy ing primary and second ary growth tissu e in the stem and

root of a dicoty ledonous plant

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

15/31


Aim / Objective of

the Study

To identify primary and secondary growth tissue in the stem and root of a

dicotyledonous plant

Material

Prepared slides of the cross section of a young stem, mature stem,

root and mature root of Tiliasp. (lime tree)

Apparatus Light microscope

Technique usedObserve and identify primary and secondary growth tissue in the stem

and root of a dicotyledonous plant by using light microscope.


Pg. 81

Title

Prepar ing fo l io on the imp ortance of pr imary and secondary growth

to plants, the simi lari t ies and dif ferences between these two ty pes

of grow th and the economic impo rtance of plants that undergo

secondary growth

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To prepare folio on the importance of primary and secondary growth to

plants, the similarities and differences between these two types of

growth and the economic importance of plants that undergo secondary

growth

Material The Internet and other reference materials

Apparatus -

Number Practical Assessment (Experiment)

Pg. 82

Title Studying the growth of insect P

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study the growth of insect P

Problem statement What is the shape of the growth curve of insect P?

HypothesisThe growth of insect P has a discontinuous or intermittent growth

pattern

Variables

Manipulated variable: Time after planting (days).

Responding variable: Average plant height (cm) or average dry

mass.

Fixed variable: Maize seed.

Material Insect P

Apparatus Ruler

InferenceThe change in length of insect P has a discontinuous or intermittent

growth pattern

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

16/31


Chapter 5Inheritance

List of experiment:

1. Studying Mendels First Law

2. Examining a drawing of a micrograph and a karyotype of human chromosomes

3. Explaining sex determination in offspring

4. Making a model of a DNA molecule

5. Extracting DNA from living things

6. Showing the replication of a DNA molecule which occurs during meiosis and mitosis

7. Visiting a research centres to learn more about genetic engineering


Pg. 85

Title Studying Mendels First Law

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study Mendels First Law

Material

100 red buttons

100 blue buttons (same size)

2 black plastics bags (15 cm x 20 cm)

Marker pen

Apparatus -

Technique usedPredict the genotypes and phenotypes by using probabilities results from

genetics crosses


Pg. 88

Title

Examining a drawing of a micrograph and a karyotype of human

chromosomes

Determining the number of human chromosomes

Arranging the homologous pairs based on the location of the

centromere and size of chromosomes

Identifying autosomes and sex chromosomes

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To examine a drawing of a micrograph and a karyotype of human

chromosomes

Material

A drawing of a micrograph of human chromosomes

A pair of scissors

Glue

An enlarged picture of chromosomes from a human cell

Two diagrams each showing the karyotype of different individuals

Apparatus -

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

17/31



Pg. 90

Title Explaining sex determinat ion in offspr ing

Aim / Objective of

the Study To explain sex determination in offspring

Material

1 white button

25 red buttons

25 black buttons (same size and shape)

A black plastics bag

Apparatus Petri dish


Pg. 92

Title Making a mod el of a DNA molecule

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo make a model of a DNA molecule

Material

A sheet of Manila card

A circular piece of plastic 15 cm in diameter and 1 cm thick

Length of wire 1 mm in diameter and 50 cm long

14 pieces of plastic straw each measuring 2 cm in length

Glue

Cellophane tape

A container filled with sand

Apparatus -


Pg. 94

Title Extract ing DNA from l iv ing th ing s

Aim / Objective of

the Study To extract DNA from living things

Material

Detergent

Enzyme (meat tenderiser)

Green peas

Salt

Cold water

Ethyl alcohol (7095%)

Apparatus -

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

18/31


Number Exploring further

Pg. 95

TitleShowing the repl icat ion of a DNA m olecule which o ccurs du r ing

meios is and mitos is

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To show the replication of a DNA molecule which occurs during meiosis

and mitosis

Material Manila card

15 copies of tje four types of nucleotides

Apparatus A pair of scissors

Number Activity 5.5 (Educational Trip)

Pg. 96

Title Visi t ing a research c entres to learn more about genetic engineering

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo visit a research centres to learn more about genetic engineering

Places

Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM)

Institute of Agriculture Research and Development of Malaysia

(MARDI)

Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB)

Universities

Institute of Medical Research (IMR)

Technique used

Interview the research officers on the genetic engineering are being

carried out in these institutes

Write report about application of genetic engineering and advantages

/ disadvantages of genetic engineering

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

19/31


CHAPTER 6 VARIATION

List of experiment:

1. Investigating variation in humans

2. Modelling the process of independent assortment of chromosomes

3. Studying the effects of environmental factors on variation in plants

4. Studying how colour camouflage can help in the survival of a species

5. Studying other forms of camouflage by insects

6. Simulating the predator-prey relationship and camouflage

7. Working together in diversity for a good cause

8. Performing a sketch to show respect for the Earth and all of Gods creations

9. Studying the importance of variation in the survival of a species of moth


Pg. 101Title Invest igat ing variat ion in hum ans

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To investigate variation in humans

Studying variation in height and weight among students in the class

Identifying variations in tongue-rolling, ear lobe shape, digital

hyperextensibility and thumbprints among students in a class

Material

Metre rule

Weighing machine

Ink pad

White paper

A piece of rag

Apparatus -

Technique usedPredict the genotypes and phenotypes by using probabilities results from

genetics crosses


Pg. 104

Title Ident i fy ing the blood gro ups o f all the students in the class anddetermining the type of variat ion they represent

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To identify the blood groups of all the students in the class and

determining the type of variation they represent

Material

Lancet

Serum A

Serum B

Alcohol

Cotton wool

Apparatus Dropper

Spotting tile

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

20/31



Pg. 105

Title Model ling the process of independent assortment of chrom osomes

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo model the process of independent assortment of chromosomes

Material

Large sheets of Manila card

Coloured plasticine

White beads

Thick woollen thread

Strong glue

Coloured paint

Apparatus Scissors

Blade


Pg. 107

Title Studying the effects of environmental factors on variat ion in plants

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study the effects of environmental factors on variation in plants

Problem statement Do environmental factors affect the growth of plants?

Hypothesis The growth of plants is affected by environmental factors

Variables

Manipulated variable: Soil type, water, sunlight

Responding variable: Growth of stem

Fixed variable: Initial length and type of stem

Material

Five stem cuttings measuring 20-25 cm from the same plant

(bougainvillea / hibiscus / sugar cane / tapioca) with all the leaves

removed (cutting should be dipped overnight in water)

Sand

Clay

Loam soil

Water

Apparatus Five flowerpots

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

21/31



Pg. 109

Title Studying the effects of genetic factors on variat ion in plants


To study the effects of genetic factors on variation in plants

Material

Two varieties of maize (Taiwan and Masmadu)

Soil

Water

Apparatus 4 flowerpot

Metre rule


Pg. 110

TitleStudying h ow colo ur camou flage can help in the surviv al of a

species

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study how colour camouflage can help in the survival of a species

Problem statement What is the effect of colour camouflage on organisms?

Hypothesis Colour camouflage helps in the survival of a species.

Variables

Manipulated variable: The colour of the cloth used

Responding variable: The coloured buttons picked Fixed variable: The size of the cloth used, the number of each

coloured button

Material

Pieces of white, black and multicoloured floral cloth, each measuring

55 cm x 55 cm

15 red buttons

15 black buttons

15 white buttons

15 yellow striped buttons

15 green striped buttons

Apparatus White tile


Pg. 112

Title Studying other forms of camouf lage by insects

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study other forms of camouflage by insects

Material Notebook Stationary

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

22/31


Apparatus -

Places Butterfly Farm

Technique usedObserve and take photographs of different insects in the farm showing

different colours and shapes as camouflage

Number Creative Corner

Pg. 113

Title Simulat ing the predator-prey relat ionsh ip and camou flage

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo simulate the predator-prey relationship and camouflage

Material 120 cards (60 green and 60 yellow) in the shape of butterflies

measuring 8 cm wide and 4 cm long

Apparatus -


Pg. 113

Title Workin g together in diversi ty for a goo d cause

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo work together in diversity for a good cause

Activities

Cleaning and beautifying the school environment

Interclass games

Cultural Charity Night

Canteen Day

Community service to welfare homes

Technique used Plan activities


Pg. 114

Title Performing a sketch to show respect for the Earth and all of Godscreat ions

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To perform a sketch to show respect for the Earth and all of Gods

creations

Technique used Brainstorm to plan and conduct sketch to show respect for Gods

creations

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

23/31


Number Practical Assessment (Experiment)

Pg. 115

TitleStudying the impor tance of variat ion in the surviv al of a species of

moth.

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study the importance of variation in the survival of a species of moth.

Problem statementWhat is the effect on difference in colour between the moths and the

background?

HypothesisWhen the difference in colour between the moths and the background is

very distinct, the number of moths with that particular colour is fewer.

Variables

Manipulated variable: Surrounding area / locations

Responding variable: Number of each type of moths in the area

Fixed variable: The tree trunk and time of observation

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

24/31


CHAPTER 1 TRANSPORT

List of PEKA experiments:

1. Correlating the different sizes of cubes with the total surface area to volume (TSA/V)

ratio and studying how the TSA/V ratio affects the movement of solutes to the interior

of cubes.

2. Studying educational courseware and charts about the circulatory systems in

humans, fish and amphibians.

3. Examining prepared slides of blood smear, mammalian artery and mammalian vein.

4. Observing live specimens of the heart

5. Showing the presence of xylem as a continuous tube system to transport water and

minerals

6. Preparing and examining slides of the cross section and longitudinal section of a

dicotyledonous stem

7. Observing prepared slides of the cross section of the stem, root and leaf of a

dicotyledonous plant8. Carrying out bark ringing to show the role of phloem in the continuous transport of

organic substances

9. Studying the effect of air movement on the rate of transpiration by using a potometer

10. Determining the effect of temperature, light intensity and relative humidity on the rate

of transpiration

11. Investigating whether transpiration occurs mainly through the stomata of leaves

12. Observing the phenomenon of root pressure

13. Observing the phenomenon of cohesion and adhesion of water

14. Investigating the effect of light intensity on the rate of transpiration


Pg. 2

Title

Correlat ing th e dif ferent sizes of cu bes with th e total surface area to

volum e (TSA/V) rat io and s tudyin g how th e TSA/V rat io affects the

mo vement of solutes to the interior of cubes

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To correlate different sizes of cubes to total surface area/volume (TSA/V)

ratio and to study on how the TSA/V ratio affects the movement of

solutes to the interior of cubes.

Problem StatementHow the TSA/V ratio does affect the movement of solutes to the interior

of cubes?

HypothesisA cube with a larger TSA/V ratio allows solutes to move faster into its

interior.

Variables

Manipulated variable: TSA/V ratio

Responding variable: Rate of penetration of solutes (iodine solution /

phenolphthalein) into the cubes

Fixed variable: Concentration of iodine solution / phnolphthalein, time

Material 1.0% phenolphthalein 0.2M sodium hydroxide solution

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

25/31


A sheet of plain plastic for example transparency

Filter paper

Apparatus

Petri dish

A ruler

A pair of scissors

A razor blade

A stopwatch

Technique usedMeasure the rate of penetration of solutes into the cubes by using cube-

shaped moulds (on plain plastic).


Pg. 4

Title Studying edu cational courseware and charts about the circulatorysystems in humans, f ish and amphib ians.

Aim / Objective of

the StudyTo study the circulatory systems in humans, fish and amphibians

Problem Statement How is the circulatory system in humans, fish and amphibians?

Material

Educational software

Videos

Charts

The Internet


Pg. 5

TitleExamining p repared sl ides of blo od sm ear, mammalian artery and

mammalian vein

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To exam prepared slides of blood smear, mammalian artery and

mammalian vein

Material

Prepared slides of human blood smear

Prepared slides of mammalian artery (cross section)

Prepared slides of a mammalian vein (cross section)


Technique used Observe and examine prepared slides with a microscope


Pg. 6

Title Observing l ive specimens o f the heart

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To observe live specimens of the heart.A. Observing a live specimen of

the goats heartB. Observing a live specimen of the chickens heartC.

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

26/31


Observing a live specimen of the fishs heart

Material

Fish heart

Chicken heart

Goat heart

Apparatus

Dissecting tray

A sharp knife

A blunt metal probe

A pair of scissors

A scalpel

Safety goggles

Laboratory aprons

Gloves

Technique used

Observe live specimens of the heart and compare the circulatory

systems


Pg. 13

TitleShowing the presence of xy lem as a cont inuous tube system to

transport w ater and minerals

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To observe the presence of xylem as a continuous tube system to

transport water and minerals

Problem statement Does xylem form a continuous tube system?

HypothesisXylem tissues form a continuous tube system from the roots to the

shoots

Material A balsam plant (pokok keembung)

100 ml of dilute eosin solution

Apparatus

A beaker

A razor blade

A clean glass slide

A microscope

A forceps

A white tile

A Petri dish

A paint brush

Technique used

Prepare cross section of stem and root

Identify the vascular tissue in stem, root and leaf by using

microscope


5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

27/31


Pg. 14

TitlePreparing and examinin g sl ides of the cross sect ion and

longi tudinal sect ion of a dicoty ledonous stem

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To prepare and exam slides of the cross section and longitudinal section

of a dicotyledonous stem

Material

A stem

Dilute glycerine

Toluidine blue

Apparatus

A razor blade

A Petri dish

A microscope

A slide

A small paint brushTechnique used Identify the vascular tissue in stem, root and leaf by using microscope


Pg. 16

TitleObserving p repared sl ides of the cross s ect ion of the stem, root

and leaf of a dicotyledono us plant

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To observe prepared slides of the cross section of the stem, root and

leaf of a dicotyledonous plant

Material Prepared slides of the cross section of the stem, root and leaf of a

dicotyledonous plant (Example:Helianthussp.)

Apparatus A microscope

Technique usedObserve and identify the vascular tissue in stem, root and leaf by using

microscope


Pg. 17

TitleObserving p repared sl ides of the cros s sect ion of the stem, root

and leaf of a monoco tyledonou s plant

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To observe prepared slides of the cross section of the stem, root and

leaf of a monocotyledonous plant

Problem statementWhat is the effect of removing a ring of phloem tissue from the stem of a

tree?

HypothesisThe tissue just above the ring swells, whereas that below the ring tends

to wither.

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

28/31


Variables

Manipulated variable: a stem that is not ringed

Responding variable: The condition of the stems above and below

the ring after one month

Fixed variable: The environmental factors affecting the growth of the

tree

Material A healthy tree with small stems

Vaseline

Apparatus A sharp knife

Technique usedBark ringing (removal of a ring of phloem tissue, external to the xylem,

from around the trunk of a woody plant).


Pg. 19

TitleStudying the effect of air movement on the rate of transpirat ion by

using a po tometer

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To study the effect of air movement on the rate of transpiration by using

a potometer

Problem statement How does the movement of air affect the rate of transpiration?

Hypothesis The faster the movement of air, the greater the rate of transpiration

Variables

Manipulated variable: Air movement Responding variable: The distance travelled by the air bubble in 5

minutes

Fixed variable: Surrounding temperature, light intensity, relative

humidity, type of plant used

Material

A leafy shoot

Vaseline

Dry cloth

Coloured water (dilute eosin solution, optional)

Apparatus

A photometer

A beaker

Secateurs

A basin of water

A stopwatch

Technique usedMeasuring the distance travelled by an air bubble in a photometer in 5

minutes

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

29/31



Pg. 25

TitleDetermin ing th e effect of temperature, l ight intens ity and r elat ive

hum idity on the rate of transp irat ion.

Aim / Objective of

the Study

To determining the effect of temperature, light intensity and relative

humidity on the rate of transpiration.

Effect of light

Effect of temperature

Effect of relative humidity

Problem statement

How does light intensity affect the rate of transpiration?

How does temperature affect the rate of transpiration?

How does humidity affect the rate of transpiration?

Hypothesis

The higher the light intensity, the higher the rate of transpiration.

The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of transpiration.

The higher the relative humidity, the lower the rate of transpiration.

Variables (light

intensity)

Manipulated variable: Light intensity.

Responding variable: Time taken by the air bubble to travel a

distance of 2 cm.

Fixed variable: Surrounding temperature, relative humidity, type of

plant used and air movement.

Variables

(temperature)

Manipulated variable: Temperature.

Responding variable: Time taken by the air bubble to travel adistance of 2 cm.

Fixed variable: Light intensity, relative humidity, type of plant used

and air movement.

Variables (relative

humidity)

Manipulated variable: Relative humidity.

Responding variable: Time taken by the air bubble to travel a

distance of 2 cm.

Fixed variable: Surrounding temperature, light intensity, type of

plant used and air movement.

Material

A leafy shoot Vaseline

Dry cloth

Coloured water (dilute eosin solution, optional)

Apparatus

A potometer

A beaker

Secateurs

A basin of water

A stopwatch

A large transparent polythene bag

A large black polythene bag

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

30/31


Two strings

Two covers to cover the shoot

A thermometer

Technique used

Measuring and recording the time taken for the air bubble to move a

distance of 2 cm by using a stopwatch.


Pg. 26

TitleInvest igat ing whether transpirat ion occu rs mainly throug h the

stom ata of leaves.

Material Leaves from a dicotyledonous plant such asHibiscussp.

Vaseline

Apparatus

Thread

An electronic balance

An applicator


Pg. 27

Title Observ ing the ph enomenon of ro ot pressure

Material A healthy potted plant with plane underneath

Coloured water

Apparatus

A glass tube (20 cm long)

A rubber tubing

Threads

A ruler


Pg. 28

TitleObserving the phenomenon of cohesion and adhesion (capi l lary

act ion) of w ater

Material

Water

Paraffin oil

Sponge

Apparatus

Capillary tube

Retort stand

A beaker

5/21/2018 PEKA BIO F5

31/31


Number Practical Assessment 1 (Experiment)

Pg. 29

TitleInvest igat ing the effect of l ight intensity o n the rate of transpirat ion

/ In ves tigat ing the tran sp irat ion rat e of a leafty shoot

Material Water

Paraffin oil

Apparatus

Calibrated pipette

Retort stand

Potometer

Airtight seal

Water tube

Documents

PEKA BIO F5