Upload
sigit-galih-puenya-diatas
View
40
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
PENCEMARAN LINGKUNGAN DAN PENGENDALIANNYAProf. Dr. Ir. Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo, M.S.Institut Pertanian BogorOktober 2010
Pencemaran udara adalah masuknya atau dimasukkannya zat, energi, dan/atau komponen lain ke dalam udara ambien oleh kegiatan manusia, sehingga mutu udara ambien turun sampai ke tingkat tertentu yang menyebabkan udara ambien tidak dapat memenuhi fungsinya; Pencemaran lingkungan hidup adalah masuk atau dimasukkannya makhluk hidup, zat, energi, dan/atau komponen lain ke dalam lingkungan hidup oleh kegiatan manusia sehingga melampaui baku mutu lingkungan hidup yang telah ditetapkan.Pencemaran air adalah masuknya atau dimasukkannya makhluk hidup, zat, energi dan atau komponen lain ke dalam air oleh kegiatan manusia, sehingga kualitas air turun sampai ke tingkat tertentu yang menyebabkan air tidak dapat berfungsi sesuai dengan peruntukannya; Pencemaran tanah adalah keadaan di mana bahan kimia (buatan manusia) masuk dan merubah lingkungan tanah alami
Pengendalian pencemaran udara adalah upaya pencegahan dan/atau penanggulangan pencemaran udara serta pemulihan mutu udara; Pengendalian adalah upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan pencemaran agar sesuai dengan baku mutu lingkungan (BML). Pengendalian pencemaran air adalah upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan pencemaran air serta pemulihan kualitas air untuk menjamin kualitas air agar sesuai dengan baku mutu air; Pengendalian pencemaran tanah adalah upaya pencegahan dan/atau penanggulangan pencemaran tanah serta pemulihan kualitas mutu tanah;
PENCEMARAN AIRPencemaran Air : diakibatkan oleh masuknya bahan pencemar (polutan) yang dapat berupa gas, bahan-bahan terlarut dan partikulatPencemaran Air dapat melalui :- Atmosfer.- Tanah.- Limpasan (run off).- Limbah (domestik, industri).
Bahan Pencemar (Polutan)
a. Polutan tak Toksik (bahan-bahan alami (tersuspensi dan nutrien)b. Polutan Toksik :(1) Logam Berat : Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Hg (No Atom > 20)(2) Senyawa Organik- Pestisida Organoklorin- Herbisida- dll(3) Gas (Khlorin dan Amonia)(4) Anion (Sianida, Fluorida, Sulfida & Sulfat )(5) Asam dan Alkali
Limbah yang memerlukan O2Berasal dari domestik, pupuk kotoran hewan, limbah industriSumber :Aliran kotoran alamiah dari tanahLimbah rumahtanggaPembusukan tumbuhanLimbah industri (kilang minyak, pabrik kertas, prosesing makanan)8 Jenis Zat Pencemar:JENIS DAN SUMBER PENCEMARAN AIR
Agen penyebab penyakitContoh : Bakteri dan virusSumber : Rumahtangga, rumah sakit, kotoran kebun binatang.Bahan kimia anorganik dan mineral, beberapa kelompok :Asam Sumber : Tambang (terutama batu bara), limbah industri.
Garam garam Sumber = Kotoran alamiah dari tanah, irigasi, tambang, limbah industri, lapangan minyakLogam beracun (Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr)Sumber : limbah industri, bahan bakar minyak (premium, premix), peleburan timbal, pestisida, fungisida
Bahan kimia organik:Pestisida dan herbisidaSumber : Pertanian, kehutanan, pemberantasan nyamukPlastikSumber : Perumahan dan industriDeterjen (Fosfat)Sumber : Perumahan, industri, hotel, rumah sakit
Senyawa ClSumber : desinfeksi dengan Cl2, industri kertas (bleaching)Hara (Terutama nitrat dan fosfat)Sumber : aliran dari lahan pertanian, penambangan, domestik, industri, industri pemrosesan makanan.
Sedimen (Tanah, lumpur, pasir, bahan padat dari erosi)Sumber : Erosi alamiah, limbah pertanian, tambang, kegiatan konstruksi, kehutanan.Bahan Radioaktif :Sumber : alamiah (tanah, karang), penambnagan uranium, pembangkit tenaga nuklir, percobaan senjata nuklir.PanasSumber : air pendingin pabrik
Dampak Pencemaran Air :
Pencemaran air berdampak luas, Dapat meracuni sumber air minum, Meracuni makanan hewan, Ketidakseimbangan ekosistem sungai dan danau, Pengrusakan hutan akibat hujan asam, dan lain sebagainya.
JENIS ZAT YANG MENURUNKAN KUALITAS AIR/KELUAR DARI BAKUMUTULimbah Perlu OksigenAgen Penyebab PenyakitBahan Anorganikdan MineralBahan OrganikDomestik, pupuk kotoran hewan, limbah industri. Bakteri dan virus:Rumahtangga, R. Sakit Kotoran kbn binatang..Asam:tambang & industriGaram:irigasi, tambang, limbah industri, lapangan minyakLogam berat:industri, BBM, pestisida, fungisidaPestisida, herbisida, plastik, detergen, seny Cl
Hara (N&P)SedimenBahan radioaktifPanaspertanian, penambangan, domestik, industri, industri pemrosesan makananErosi alamiah, limbah pertanian, tambang, kegiatan konstruksi, kehutanan.
Alamiah (tanah, karang), penambangan uranium, pembangkit tenaga nuklir, percobaan senjata nuklirAir pendingin
PENCEMARANJIKA konsentrasi/nilai sudah melebihiDaya dukung lingkunganAlam/air tidak bisa lagi mempurifikasi diriNilai sudah melebihi kapasitas asimilasinya
Klasifikasi Sumber PencemarPergerakannyaSumber tetap (stationer):Kegiatan : Industri, Rumahtangga, Pemukiman2. Sumber bergerak : Kendaraan bermotor (transportasi)
b. Sifat sumber pencemarannya :
Sumber alami : gunung berapiSumber antropogenik : Pemukiman, industri, dan transportasi
Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Konsentrasi :
Intensitas atau kekuatan sumberKarakteristik bahan pencemarKondisi meteorologi/klimatologiFaktor geografi/topografi
Ciri limbah B3:
Mudah menyala (inflammable)Mudah meledak (explosive)KorosifReaktifBeracunDapat menginfeksi
Keterlibatan Aspek Pencemaran Air Sehubungan Dengan Penanggulangan :
Aspek legal (legislatif dan eksekutif)Aspek engineering (tata kota, Dep.PU)Aspek kesehatan (Dep.Kes)Aspek sumber pencemaran (Dep.Perindustrian, DLLAJ, RS, permukiman)Aspek lingkungan hidup (Dep.LH)
Penanganan Masalah Pencemaran Air Secara Global
Emission (sumber emisi/sumber pencemar)Exchange (mekanisme pertukaran)Effect (pengaruh)Environment (lingkungan)Enforcement (undang-undang)
PENCEMARAN UDARA
Kualitas Udara Emisi Kualitas Udara AmbienKualtias Udara Dalam Ruang (In door)
KEBISINGAN
GETARANPENCEMARAN UDARA
Dampak pada Kualitas Udara dan Iklim dari Suatu Kegiatan PembangunanTingkat dan konsentrasi dari emisi kimia dan pengaruhnya terhadap lingkunganBahan partikulat Bau yang dihasilkanAda tidaknya perubahan iklim
DAMPAK KEGIATAN PEMBANGUNAN DAN OPERASIONAL Pembukaan lahanPerubahan pemanfaatan lahanAlat berat dan transportasiSumber energi (generator listrik, boiler)Emisi operasional industri (mesin-mesin) pada cerobongIPALDsb.
Komposisi Udara Bersih
AIR POLLUTION Gross effect of the contribution of pollutants emitted by all sources in a given area (Anonymous, 1980)
The presence in the atmosphere of one or more air contaminants in quantities and/or characteristics for a duration that will be injurious to public health and welfare or other natural environment processes (Corbitt, 1990).
The presence in the outdoor atmosphere of one or more contaminants (pollutants) in such quantities and of such duration as may be (or may tend to be) injurious to human, plant, or animal life, or to property (materials), or which unreasonably interfere with the comfortable enjoyment of life or property, or conduct of business (Canter, 1996)
PENCEMARAN UDARASumber polusi utama : Transportasi, IndustriRumah tangga.
Konsentrasi polutan udara adalah relatif kecil sedangkan volumenya sangat besarPengendalian pencemaran udara adalah upaya pencegahan dan /atau penanggulangan pencemaran udara serta pemulihan mutu udaraPencemaran udara adalah masuknya atau dimasukkannya zat, energi, dan/atau komponen lain ke dalam udara ambien oleh kegiatan manusia, sehingga mutu udara ambien turun sampai ke tingkat tertentu yang menyebabkan udara ambien tidak dapat memenuhi fungsinya;
Konsentrasi polutan dipengaruhi :Tinggi-rendah tempatKeadaan cuacaPergerakan atmosfir udara : Arah angin Kecepatan angin Perubahan angin Pergerakan suhu panas Pengaruh tinggi/rendah/permukaan Pergerakan polusi udara :1. Lokal (dalam industri, desa, kota)Regional (berberapa negara terdekat)Global (perubahan cuaca dunia)
Emisi gas CO2
Dampak Pada Lingkungan Wilayah Internasional
EMISIEmisi adalah zat, energi dan/atau komponen lain yang dihasilkan dari suatu kegiatan yang masuk dan/atau dimasukkannnya ke dalam udara ambien yang mempunyai dan/atau tidak mempunyai potensi sebagai unsur pencemar; Sumber emisi adalah setiap usaha dan/atau kegiatan yang mengeluarkan emisi dari sumber bergerak, sumber bergerak spesifik, sumber tidak bergerak, maupun sumber tidak bergerak spesifik; Sumber bergerak adalah sumber emisi yang bergerak atau tidak tetap pada suatu tempat yang berasal dari kendaraan bermotor; Sumber bergerak spesifik adalah sumber emisi yang bergerak atau tidak tetap pada suatu tempat yang berasal dari kereta api, pesawat terbang, kapal laut dan kendaraan berat lainnya; Sumber tidak bergerak adalah sumber emisi yang tetap pada suatu tempat; Sumber tidak bergerak spesifik adalah sumber emisi yang tetap pada suatu tempat yang berasal dari kebakaran hutan dan pembakaran sampah
Grafik Penurunan emisi debu setelah menggunakan alat pengendali debu Electrostatic Precipitator (EP) pada tahun 2001 Grafik Penurunan konsentrasi debu ambien di sekitar pabrik setelah menggunakan alat pengendali debu Electrostatic Presipitator (EP) pada tahun 2001
Contoh : Sumber dan sifat limbah pada Industri Kulit
Sheet1
NoBahanKg bahan basah per ton kulit awet garam basah
1Bulu234 312
2Fleshing78 234
3Split222
4Shaving20
5Buffing5 10
6Lumpur250 333
NoBentuk limbahSumber limbahSifat limbah
1Gas buang- proses basahKorosif
- Mesin pengecatan
- Proses pengolahan
- Proses pengolahan limbah caur
- Boiler
- Diesel
Dsb
2Partikel DebuMesin penyerutan (shaving)Korosif
Mesin Pengecilan ukuran (grinder)
Mesin pengampelasan
Hasil pembakaran, transportasi
Dsb
Sheet2
NoBentuk limbahTempat pengukuranKadar polutanNAB
1Gas buangRuang beam house dan penyamakanSO2 0.0144 0.01665 ppm
NH3 0.0307 0.357618 ppm
H2S 0.00345 6.880710 ppm
2Partikel debuRuang penyerutan (shaving)
Ruang pengampelasan (buffing)0.01579 0.3988 mg/m310 mg/m3
Ruang proses penyamakan1.574 mg/m3
3SuhuRuang proses penyamakan32.07 35.5 oC
4Kelambaran65.70 82.74 %
Sheet3
No.Tahapan prosesMesinKebisingan (dbA)
1Beam house dan tanningDrum Pickling, tanning, retanning79 82.5
2PenyerutanMesin shaving77 83
3SettingMesin setting90 - 95
4PengeringanMesin pengeringan /hanging68 - 84
5PengampelasanMesin buffing79 - 83
Mesin toggling
6PelemasanMesin embossing84 - 85
7SeterikaMesin pengecatan78 - 80
8Pengecatan(spray drying)68 - 77
9Pembangkit tenagaBoiller/diesel78 - 80
Karakteristik gas buang dan partikel debu
Sheet1
NoBahanKg bahan basah per ton kulit awet garam basah
1Bulu234 312
2Fleshing78 234
3Split222
4Shaving20
5Buffing5 10
6Lumpur250 333
NoBentuk limbahSumber limbahSifat limbah
1Gas buang- proses basahKorosif
- Mesin pengecatan
- Proses pengolahan
- Proses pengolahan limbah caur
- Boiler
- Diesel
2Partikel DebuMesin penyerutan (shaving)Korosif
Mesin pengampelasan (buffing)
Sheet2
NoBentuk limbahTempat pengukuranKadar polutanNAB
1Gas buangRuang beam house dan penyamakanSO2 0.0144 0.01665 ppm
NH3 0.0307 0.357618 ppm
H2S 0.00345 6.880710 ppm
2Partikel debuRuang penyerutan (shaving)
Ruang pengampelasan (buffing)0.01579 0.3988 mg/m310 mg/m3
Ruang proses penyamakan1.574 mg/m3
3SuhuRuang proses penyamakan32.07 35.5 oC
4Kelembaban (RH)65.70 82.74 %
Sheet3
No.Tahapan prosesMesinKebisingan (dbA)
1Beam house dan tanningDrum Pickling, tanning, retanning79 82.5
2PenyerutanMesin shaving77 83
3SettingMesin setting90 - 95
4PengeringanMesin pengeringan /hanging68 - 84
5PengampelasanMesin buffing79 - 83
Mesin toggling
6PelemasanMesin embossing84 - 85
7SeterikaMesin pengecatan78 - 80
8Pengecatan(spray drying)68 - 77
9Pembangkit tenagaBoiller/diesel78 - 80
Dampak Pada Kawasan Perkotaan
AMBIENUdara ambien adalah udara bebas di permukaaan bumi pada lapisan troposfir yang berada di dalam wilayah yurisdiksi Republik Indonesia yang dibutuhkan dan mempengaruhi kesehatan manusia, makhluk hidup dan unsur lingkungan hidup lainnnya; Baku mutu udara ambien adalah ukuran batas atau kadar zat, energi, dan/atau komponen yang ada atau yang seharusnya ada dan/atau unsur pencemar yang ditenggang keberadaannya dalam udara ambien;
Lanjutan :
Beberapa jenis pencemar udara dan pengaruhnya terhadap manusia
Jenis pencemaran udaraPengaruh terhadap manusia
Karbon monoksida (CO)
Sulfur dioksida (SO2)
Nitrogen oksida (NOx)
Hidrokarbon
Oksigen fotokimia (O3)
Debu
Amonia (NH3)Hidrogen sulfida (H2S)
Logam dan senyawa logamMenurunkan kemampuan darah membawa oksigen, melemahkan berfikir, penyakit jantung, pusing, kelelahan, sakit kepala dan kematian.Memperberat penyakit saluran pernafasan, melemahkan pernafasan dan iritasi mataMemperberat penyakit jantung dan pernafasan, dan iritasi paru-paru.Mempengaruhi sistem pernafasan, beberapa jenis dapat menyebabkan kankerMemperberat penyakit jantung dan pernafasan, iritasi mata, iritasi kerongkongan dan saluran pernafasan.Penyakit kanker, memperberat penyakit jantung dan pernafasan, batuk, iritasi kerong-kongan dan dada tak enak.Iritasi saluran pernafasan.Mabuk (pusing), iritasi mata dan kerongkongan dan racun pada kadar tinggiMenyebabkan penyakit pernafasan, kanker, kerusakan syaraf dan kematian.
KUALITAS UDARA DALAM RUANGAN (INDOOR)Kualitas udara dalam ruang untuk melindungi penghuni ruangan terutama ruang kerjaSurat Edaran Menaker No. 1 tahun 2003Faktor : Kimia dan Fisik
Konsentrasi Cemaran Gas Amonia pada Pabrik Lateks Pekat
Chart2
32.1730638949
26.995506906
35.5507159651
50.5365184482
55.9471926734
38.974993587
69.4444625476
67.6212837784
100.7262852251
50.998069649
16.569571891
29.7592240222
18.4746242256
39.9442633742
34.0859406517
46.3608804979
63.9112058653
70.9168094522
83.8502802713
32.9835301552
27.4684714259
50.2965540591
50.2965540591
48.6022453095
48.6022453095
51.0286771187
51.0286771187
69.577579396
11.9859396257
54.9035488156
54.9035488156
21.55989387
41.7362255733
Waktu (hari)
Konsentrasi Inlet (ppm)
Sheet1
Biofilter 1Y=ax+bA
Campuran kompos, tanah, sekam dan sludgea0.7826
Berat awal 10,372 kg dengan kadar air 62,37 %b0.0067
Berat kering bahan 3,90 kgxg-N
HariTanggalLubangJamSelshSelshJmlhSuhuWktFlowVolAbsg-Ng-N/LBebanOutletPenyrpng-Ng NH3KonstrEfsns
kewaktu(jam)(jam)(oC)(mnt)(l/mnt)(m3)dlm lar.udara(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)total/m3(ppm)(%)
15/4/05Inlet7:300:000027.53100.02980.44010.55380.0190.00067.5722603.632.17100
Outlet7:340:040.0727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet13:336:036.056.0530.53100.02950.36320.45550.0150.5290.529167.3018778.527.00100
Outlet13:376:036.0530.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
25/5/05Inlet7:3518:0218.0324.0827.53100.02980.48560.61190.02179.3524976.635.55100
Outlet7:3918:0218.0327.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:016:266.4330.5129.53100.02960.67850.85840.0293.1123.112314.9235270.350.54100
Outlet14:056:266.4329.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
35/6/05Inlet8:0518:0418.0748.5826.53100.02980.76540.96950.032110.4939437.655.95100
Outlet8:0918:0418.0726.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet13:455:405.6754.2530.03100.02950.52310.65990.0223.3383.338240.4627156.438.97100
Outlet13:495:405.6730.0320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
45/7/05Inlet7:4017:5517.9272.1727.03100.02980.94531.19930.040145.6248870.369.4497.74
Outlet7:4417:5517.9227.0320.00600.01100.00540.0011106.51.57
Inlet13:506:106.1778.3430.53100.02950.89971.14110.0394.8794.778403.0147038.567.6298.13
Outlet13:546:106.1730.5320.00590.01000.00430.0010.101879.91.26
55/8/05Inlet7:3017:4017.6796.0127.03100.02981.36811.73960.058214.7970884.4100.7395.52
Outlet7:3417:4017.6727.0320.00600.01890.01560.0033174.04.51
Inlet13:556:256.42102.4330.03100.02950.68240.86340.0295.4135.220301.8535533.751.0098.24
Outlet13:596:256.4230.0320.00590.00910.00300.0010.193626.10.90
65/9/05Inlet7:2517:3017.50119.9326.53100.02980.23140.28710.01038.9611680.016.57100
Outlet7:2917:3017.5026.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:106:456.75126.6829.53100.02960.40230.50550.0171.6621.662179.5920769.529.76100
Outlet14:146:456.7529.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
75/10/05Inlet7:4017:3017.50144.1827.03100.02980.25640.31910.01140.6613001.218.47100
Outlet7:4417:3017.5027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:006:206.33150.5130.53100.02950.53420.67400.0232.0522.052247.1327785.939.94100
Outlet14:046:206.3330.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
85/11/05Inlet8:0018:0018.00168.5127.03100.02980.46740.58870.0202.3682.368282.4523987.434.09100
Outlet8:0418:0018.0027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
95/12/05Inlet7:5023:5023.83192.3426.53100.02980.63540.80330.0273.1593.159388.8432680.146.36100
Outlet7:5423:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
105/13/05Inlet7:5524.0524.08216.4226.53100.02980.87341.10750.0374.4014.401524.9145051.563.91100
Outlet7:5924.0524.0826.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
115/14/05Inlet7:3023:3523.58240.0027.03100.02980.96521.22480.0414.7744.700584.6349906.570.9298.46
Outlet7:3423:3523.5827.0320.00600.00970.00380.0010.074770.91.10
125/15/05Inlet7:3524.0524.08264.0826.03100.02991.14761.45780.0495.7845.562679.9959205.583.8596.17
Outlet7:3924.0524.0826.0320.00600.01540.01120.0020.2222268.13.21
135/16/05Inlet7:4524.1024.17288.2527.03100.02980.45250.56960.0192.2762.276273.3123211.632.98100
Outlet7:4924.1024.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
145/17/05Inlet7:3523:5023.83312.0826.53100.02980.37920.47600.0161.8721.872232.0119362.727.47100
Outlet7:3923:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
155/18/05Inlet7:5024.1524.25336.3327.03100.02980.68650.86860.0293.3423.342835.1235395.350.30100
Outlet7:5424.1524.2527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
165/20/05Inlet7:3547.4547.75384.0827.03100.02980.66360.83940.0286.3596.359797.1934203.048.60100
Outlet7:3947.4547.7527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
175/22/05Inlet7:4547.1047.17431.2526.53100.02980.69870.88420.0306.6076.540843.0935970.551.0398.99
Outlet7:4947.1047.1726.5320.00600.00810.00180.0000.067364.10.52
185/24/05Inlet7:4047.5547.92479.1726.03100.02990.95341.20970.0409.1678.934564.9849127.869.5897.46
Outlet7:4447.5547.9226.0320.00600.01150.00610.0010.2331246.11.76
195/25/05Inlet7:3323:5323.88503.0527.03100.02980.16870.20700.0070.7840.784301.638434.911.99100
Outlet7:3723:5323.8827.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
205/28/05Inlet7:5572.2272.37575.4227.53100.02980.74630.94510.03210.47310.4731832.9738573.154.90100
Outlet7:5972.2272.3727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
216/1/05Inlet8:0596.1096.17671.5927.03100.02980.29810.37230.0125.4745.474540.3815172.421.56100
Outlet8:0996.1096.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
226/4/05Inlet8:1072.0572.08743.6727.03100.02980.57080.72080.0247.9437.9430.0129371.141.74100
Outlet8:1472.0572.08743.6727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
Beban total95.7680.8994.879
Per-hari(gN)2.9022.875
Biofilter 2Y=ax+bA
Campuran kompos, tanah dan sekama0.7826
Berat awal 10,372 kg dengan kadar air 62,01 %b0.0067
Berat kering bahan 3,94 kgxg-N
HariTanggalLubangJamSelshSelshJmlhSuhuWktFlowVolAbsg-Ng-N/LBebanOutletPenyrpng-Ng NH3KonstrEfsns
kewaktu(jam)(jam)(oC)(mnt)(l/mnt)(m3)dlm lar.udara(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)total/m3(ppm)(%)
15/4/05Inlet7:300:000027.53100.02980.44010.55380.019067.5722603.632.17100
Outlet7:340:040.0727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet13:336:036.056.0530.53100.02950.36320.45550.0150.5230.523167.3018778.527.00100
Outlet13:376:036.0530.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
25/5/05Inlet7:3518:0218.0324.0827.53100.02980.48560.61190.02179.3524976.635.55100
Outlet7:3918:0218.0327.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:016:266.4330.5129.53100.02960.67850.85840.0293.0803.080314.9235270.350.54100
Outlet14:056:266.4329.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
35/6/05Inlet8:0518:0418.0748.5826.53100.02980.76540.96950.032110.4939437.655.95100
Outlet8:0918:0418.0726.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet13:455:405.6754.2530.03100.02950.52310.65990.0223.3043.304240.4627156.438.97100
Outlet13:495:405.6730.0320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
45/7/05Inlet7:4017:5517.9272.1727.03100.02980.94531.19930.040143.4248870.369.4496.26
Outlet7:4417:5517.9227.0320.00600.01370.00900.0021827.82.60
Inlet13:506:106.1778.3430.53100.02950.89971.14110.0394.8294.689402.2547038.567.6297.94
Outlet13:546:106.1730.5320.00590.01040.00470.0010.141966.91.39
55/8/05Inlet7:3017:4017.6796.0127.03100.02981.36811.73960.058212.8370884.4100.7394.65
Outlet7:3417:4017.6727.0320.00600.02130.01860.0033791.35.39
Inlet13:556:256.42102.4330.03100.02950.68240.86340.0295.3585.127300.7635533.751.0097.88
Outlet13:596:256.4230.0320.00590.00960.00370.0010.231751.81.08
65/9/05Inlet7:2517:3017.50119.9326.53100.02980.23140.28710.01038.9611680.016.57100
Outlet7:2917:3017.5026.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:106:456.75126.6829.53100.02960.40230.50550.0171.6451.645179.5920769.529.76100
Outlet14:146:456.7529.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
75/10/05Inlet7:4017:3017.50144.1827.03100.02980.25640.31910.01140.6613001.218.47100
Outlet7:4417:3017.5027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:006:206.33150.5130.53100.02950.53420.67400.0232.0322.032247.1327785.939.94100
Outlet14:046:206.3330.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
85/11/05Inlet8:0018:0018.00168.5127.03100.02980.46740.58870.0202.4092.409282.4523987.434.09100
Outlet8:0418:0018.0027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
95/12/05Inlet7:5023:5023.83192.3426.53100.02980.63540.80330.0273.2153.215388.8432680.146.36100
Outlet7:5423:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
105/13/05Inlet7:5524.0524.08216.4226.53100.02980.87341.10750.0374.4784.395515.1945051.563.9198.15
Outlet7:5924.0524.0826.5320.00600.00990.00410.0010.083834.31.18
115/14/05Inlet7:3023:3523.58240.0027.03100.02980.96521.22480.0414.8584.730578.1349906.570.9297.36
Outlet7:3423:3523.5827.0320.00600.01180.00650.0010.1281317.21.87
125/15/05Inlet7:3524.0524.08264.0826.03100.02991.14761.45780.0495.8855.615674.6759205.583.8595.42
Outlet7:3924.0524.0826.0320.00600.01720.01340.0020.2702713.83.84
135/16/05Inlet7:4524.1024.17288.2527.03100.02980.45250.56960.0192.3162.316273.3123211.632.98100
Outlet7:4924.1024.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
145/17/05Inlet7:3523:5023.83312.0826.53100.02980.37920.47600.0161.9051.905232.0119362.727.47100
Outlet7:3923:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
155/18/05Inlet7:5024.1524.25336.3327.03100.02980.68650.86860.0293.3193.319835.1235395.350.30100
Outlet7:5424.1524.2527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
165/20/05Inlet7:3547.4547.75384.0827.03100.02980.66360.83940.0286.3146.314797.1934203.048.60100
Outlet7:3947.4547.7527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
175/22/05Inlet7:4547.1047.17431.2526.53100.02980.69870.88420.0306.5606.492842.8535970.551.0398.96
Outlet7:4947.1047.1726.5320.00600.00810.00180.0000.068374.30.53
185/24/05Inlet7:4047.5547.92479.1726.03100.02990.95341.20970.0409.1028.869564.8649127.869.5897.44
Outlet7:4447.5547.9226.0320.00600.01150.00620.0010.2331256.61.78
195/25/05Inlet7:3323:5323.88503.0527.03100.02980.16870.20700.0070.7790.779301.638434.911.99100
Outlet7:3723:5323.8827.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
205/28/05Inlet7:5572.2272.37575.4227.53100.02980.74630.94510.03210.52110.2641788.1138573.154.9097.55
Outlet7:5972.2272.3727.5320.00600.01030.00460.0010.257944.01.34
216/1/05Inlet8:0596.1096.17671.5927.03100.02980.29810.37230.0125.4995.499540.3815172.421.56100
Outlet8:0996.1096.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
226/4/05Inlet8:1072.0572.08743.6727.03100.02980.57080.72080.0247.9797.9790.0129371.141.74100
Outlet8:1472.0572.08743.6727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.000
Beban total95.9121.4194.500
Per-hari(gN)2.9062.864
Biofilter 3Y=ax+bA
Campuran kompos, tanah, serasah daun karet dan sludgea0.7826
Berat awal 10,372 kg dengan kadar air 61,45 %b0.0067
Berat kering bahan 4,00 kgxg-N
HariTanggalLubangJamSelshSelshJmlhSuhuWktFlowVolAbsg-Ng-N/LBebanOutletPenyrpng-Ng NH3KonstrEfsns
kewaktu(jam)(jam)(oC)(mnt)(l/mnt)(m3)dlm lar.udara(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)total/m3(ppm)(%)
15/4/05Inlet7:300:000027.53100.02980.44010.55380.019067.5722603.632.17100
Outlet7:340:040.0727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet13:336:036.056.0530.53100.02950.36320.45550.0150.5150.515167.3018778.527.00100
Outlet13:376:036.0530.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
25/5/05Inlet7:3518:0218.0324.0827.53100.02980.48560.61190.02179.3524976.635.55100
Outlet7:3918:0218.0327.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:016:266.4330.5129.53100.02960.67850.85840.0293.0343.034314.9235270.350.54100
Outlet14:056:266.4329.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
35/6/05Inlet8:0518:0418.0748.5826.53100.02980.76540.96950.032110.4939437.655.95100
Outlet8:0918:0418.0726.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet13:455:405.6754.2530.03100.02950.52310.65990.0223.2553.255240.4627156.438.97100
Outlet13:495:405.6730.0320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
45/7/05Inlet7:4017:5517.9272.1727.03100.02980.94531.19930.040146.0248870.369.4498.00
Outlet7:4417:5517.9227.0320.00600.01040.00480.001975.51.39
Inlet13:506:106.1778.3430.53100.02950.89971.14110.0394.7574.670403.9147038.567.6298.35
Outlet13:546:106.1730.5320.00590.00970.00380.0010.087777.01.12
55/8/05Inlet7:3017:4017.6796.0127.03100.02981.36811.73960.058214.6170884.4100.7395.44
Outlet7:3417:4017.6727.0320.00600.01910.01590.0033233.14.59
Inlet13:556:256.42102.4330.03100.02950.68240.86340.0295.2785.080300.6235533.751.0097.84
Outlet13:596:256.4230.0320.00590.00960.00370.0010.198768.21.10
65/9/05Inlet7:2517:3017.50119.9326.53100.02980.23140.28710.01038.9611680.016.57100
Outlet7:2917:3017.5026.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:106:456.75126.6829.53100.02960.40230.50550.0171.6201.620179.5920769.529.76100
Outlet14:146:456.7529.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
75/10/05Inlet7:4017:3017.50144.1827.03100.02980.25640.31910.01140.6613001.218.47100
Outlet7:4417:3017.5027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:006:206.33150.5130.53100.02950.53420.67400.0232.0012.001247.1327785.939.94100
Outlet14:046:206.3330.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
85/11/05Inlet8:0018:0018.00168.5127.03100.02980.46740.58870.0202.3392.339282.4523987.434.09100
Outlet8:0418:0018.0027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
95/12/05Inlet7:5023:5023.83192.3426.53100.02980.63540.80330.0273.1213.121388.8432680.146.36100
Outlet7:5423:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
105/13/05Inlet7:5524.0524.08216.4226.53100.02980.87341.10750.0374.3474.347524.9145051.563.91100.00
Outlet7:5924.0524.0826.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
115/14/05Inlet7:3023:3523.58240.0027.03100.02980.96521.22480.0414.7164.626582.4349906.570.9298.08
Outlet7:3423:3523.5827.0320.00600.01040.00470.0010.090955.81.36
125/15/05Inlet7:3524.0524.08264.0826.03100.02991.14761.45780.0495.7135.584691.1359205.583.8597.74
Outlet7:3924.0524.0826.0320.00600.01180.00660.0010.1291335.71.89
135/16/05Inlet7:4524.1024.17288.2527.03100.02980.45250.56960.0192.2482.248273.3123211.632.98100
Outlet7:4924.1024.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
145/17/05Inlet7:3523:5023.83312.0826.53100.02980.37920.47600.0161.8491.849232.0119362.727.47100
Outlet7:3923:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
155/18/05Inlet7:5024.1524.25336.3327.03100.02980.68650.86860.0293.2573.257835.1235395.350.30100
Outlet7:5424.1524.2527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
165/20/05Inlet7:3547.4547.75384.0827.03100.02980.66360.83940.0286.1986.198797.1934203.048.60100
Outlet7:3947.4547.7527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
175/22/05Inlet7:4547.1047.17431.2526.53100.02980.69870.88420.0306.4396.439851.7135970.551.03100
Outlet7:4947.1047.1726.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
185/24/05Inlet7:4047.5547.92479.1726.03100.02990.95341.20970.0408.9348.755568.0249127.869.5897.99
Outlet7:4447.5547.9226.0320.00600.01050.00490.0010.180988.61.40
195/25/05Inlet7:3323:5323.88503.0527.03100.02980.16870.20700.0070.7640.764301.638434.911.99100
Outlet7:3723:5323.8827.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
205/28/05Inlet7:5572.2272.37575.4227.53100.02980.74630.94510.03210.1059.9241800.0538573.154.9098.20
Outlet7:5972.2272.3727.5320.00600.00940.00340.0010.181692.60.99
216/1/05Inlet8:0596.1096.17671.5927.03100.02980.29810.37230.0125.2825.282540.3815172.421.56100
Outlet8:0996.1096.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
226/4/05Inlet8:1072.0572.08743.6727.03100.02980.57080.72080.0247.6647.6640.0129371.141.74100
Outlet8:1472.0572.08743.6727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.000
Beban total93.4380.8792.572
Per-hari(gN)2.8312.805
Biofilter 4Y=ax+bA
Campuran kompos, tanah dan serasah daun kareta0.7826
Berat awal 10,372 kg dengan kadar air 60,63 %b0.0067
Berat kering bahan 4,08 kgxg-N
HariTanggalLubangJamSelshSelshJmlhSuhuWktFlowVolAbsg-Ng-N/LBebanOutletPenyrpng-Ng NH3KonstrEfsns
kewaktu(jam)(jam)(oC)(mnt)(l/mnt)(m3)dlm lar.udara(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)total/m3(ppm)(%)
15/4/05Inlet7:300:000027.53100.02980.44010.55380.019067.5722603.632.17100
Outlet7:340:040.0727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet13:336:036.056.0530.53100.02950.36320.45550.0150.5050.505167.3018778.527.00100
Outlet13:376:036.0530.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
25/5/05Inlet7:3518:0218.0324.0827.53100.02980.48560.61190.02179.3524976.635.55100
Outlet7:3918:0218.0327.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:016:266.4330.5129.53100.02960.67850.85840.0292.9742.974314.9235270.350.54100
Outlet14:056:266.4329.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
35/6/05Inlet8:0518:0418.0748.5826.53100.02980.76540.96950.032110.4939437.655.95100
Outlet8:0918:0418.0726.5320.00600.08430.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet13:455:405.6754.2530.03100.02950.52310.65990.0223.1913.191240.4627156.438.97100
Outlet13:495:405.6730.0320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
45/7/05Inlet7:4017:5517.9272.1727.03100.02980.94531.19930.040145.8248870.369.4497.87
Outlet7:4417:5517.9227.0320.00600.01070.00510.0011039.01.48
Inlet13:506:106.1778.3430.53100.02950.89971.14110.0394.6644.532396.6047038.567.6296.57
Outlet13:546:106.1730.5320.00590.01280.00780.0010.1321614.12.32
55/8/05Inlet7:3017:4017.6796.0127.03100.02981.36811.73960.058211.4070884.4100.7394.02
Outlet7:3417:4017.6727.0320.00600.02300.02080.0034242.26.03
Inlet13:556:256.42102.4330.03100.02950.68240.86340.0295.1754.929301.0535533.751.0097.98
Outlet13:596:256.4230.0320.00590.00940.00350.0010.246718.11.03
65/9/05Inlet7:2517:3017.50119.9326.53100.02980.23140.28710.01038.9611680.016.57100
Outlet7:2917:3017.5026.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:106:456.75126.6829.53100.02960.40230.50550.0171.5881.588179.5920769.529.76100
Outlet14:146:456.7529.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
75/10/05Inlet7:4017:3017.50144.1827.03100.02980.25640.31910.01140.6613001.218.47100
Outlet7:4417:3017.5027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:006:206.33150.5130.53100.02950.53420.67400.0231.9621.962247.1327785.939.94100
Outlet14:046:206.3330.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
85/11/05Inlet8:0018:0018.00168.5127.03100.02980.46740.58870.0202.2722.272282.4523987.434.09100
Outlet8:0418:0018.0027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
95/12/05Inlet7:5023:5023.83192.3426.53100.02980.63540.80330.0273.0323.032388.8432680.146.36100
Outlet7:5423:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
105/13/05Inlet7:5524.0524.08216.4226.53100.02980.87341.10750.0374.2244.224524.9145051.563.91100.00
Outlet7:5924.0524.0826.5320.00600.08590.00000.0000.0000.00.00
115/14/05Inlet7:3023:3523.58240.0027.03100.02980.96521.22480.0414.5824.479580.8249906.570.9297.81
Outlet7:3423:3523.5827.0320.00600.01090.00540.0010.1031091.11.55
125/15/05Inlet7:3524.0524.08264.0826.03100.02991.14761.45780.0495.5515.364683.9059205.583.8596.72
Outlet7:3924.0524.0826.0320.00600.01420.00960.0020.1871941.32.75
135/16/05Inlet7:4524.1024.17288.2527.03100.02980.45250.56960.0192.1842.184273.3123211.632.98100
Outlet7:4924.1024.1727.0320.00600.03130.00000.0000.0000.00.00
145/17/05Inlet7:3523:5023.83312.0826.53100.02980.37920.47600.0161.7971.797232.0119362.727.47100
Outlet7:3923:5023.8326.5320.00600.03120.00000.0000.0000.00.00
155/18/05Inlet7:5024.1524.25336.3327.03100.02980.68650.86860.0293.1843.184835.1235395.350.30100
Outlet7:5424.1524.2527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
165/20/05Inlet7:3547.4547.75384.0827.03100.02980.66360.83940.0286.0586.058797.1934203.048.60100
Outlet7:3947.4547.7527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
175/22/05Inlet7:4547.1047.17431.2526.53100.02980.69870.88420.0306.2946.114828.3335970.551.0397.25
Outlet7:4947.1047.1726.5320.00600.01050.00490.0010.180987.41.40
185/24/05Inlet7:4047.5547.92479.1726.03100.02990.95341.20970.0408.7338.488563.7649127.869.5897.25
Outlet7:4447.5547.9226.0320.00600.01190.00660.0010.2451349.71.91
195/25/05Inlet7:3323:5323.88503.0527.03100.02980.16870.20700.0070.7470.747301.638434.911.99100
Outlet7:3723:5323.8827.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
205/28/05Inlet7:5572.2272.37575.4227.53100.02980.74630.94510.03210.1279.8801788.0938573.154.9097.55
Outlet7:5972.2272.3727.5320.00600.01030.00460.0010.247944.51.34
216/1/05Inlet8:0596.1096.17671.5927.03100.02980.29810.37230.0125.2945.294540.3815172.421.56100
Outlet8:0996.1096.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
226/4/05Inlet8:1072.0572.08743.6727.03100.02980.57080.72080.0247.6807.6800.0129371.141.74100
Outlet8:1472.0572.08743.6727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.000
Beban total91.8211.3490.480
Per-hari(gN)2.7822.742
Biofilter 5Y=ax+bA
Campuran kompos, tanah, kulit kayu karet dan sludgea0.7826
Berat awal 10,372 kg dengan kadar air 60,11 %b0.0067
Berat kering bahan 4,14 kgxg-N
HariTanggalLubangJamSelshSelshJmlhSuhuWktFlowVolAbsg-Ng-N/LBebanOutletPenyrpng-Ng NH3KonstrEfsns
kewaktu(jam)(jam)(oC)(mnt)(l/mnt)(m3)dlm lar.udara(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)total/m3(ppm)(%)
15/4/05Inlet7:300:000027.53100.02980.44010.55380.019067.5722603.632.17100
Outlet7:340:040.0727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet13:336:036.056.0530.53100.02950.36320.45550.0150.4980.498167.3018778.527.00100
Outlet13:376:036.0530.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
25/5/05Inlet7:3518:0218.0324.0827.53100.02980.48560.61190.02179.3524976.635.55100
Outlet7:3918:0218.0327.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:016:266.4330.5129.53100.02960.67850.85840.0292.9312.931314.9235270.350.54100
Outlet14:056:266.4329.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
35/6/05Inlet8:0518:0418.0748.5826.53100.02980.76540.96950.032110.4939437.655.95100
Outlet8:0918:0418.0726.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet13:455:405.6754.2530.03100.02950.52310.65990.0223.1453.145240.4627156.438.97100
Outlet13:495:405.6730.0320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
45/7/05Inlet7:4017:5517.9272.1727.03100.02980.94531.19930.040145.8448870.369.4497.89
Outlet7:4417:5517.9227.0320.00600.01070.00510.0011033.61.47
Inlet13:506:106.1778.3430.53100.02950.89971.14110.0394.5964.502402.6547038.567.6298.04
Outlet13:546:106.1730.5320.00590.01020.00450.0010.094921.41.32
55/8/05Inlet7:3017:4017.6796.0127.03100.02981.36811.73960.058214.5170884.4100.7395.40
Outlet7:3417:4017.6727.0320.00600.01920.01600.0033262.14.64
Inlet13:556:256.42102.4330.03100.02950.68240.86340.0295.1004.898299.0335533.751.0097.32
Outlet13:596:256.4230.0320.00590.01030.00460.0010.202952.11.37
65/9/05Inlet7:2517:3017.50119.9326.53100.02980.23140.28710.01038.9611680.016.57100
Outlet7:2917:3017.5026.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:106:456.75126.6829.53100.02960.40230.50550.0171.5651.565179.5920769.529.76100
Outlet14:146:456.7529.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
75/10/05Inlet7:4017:3017.50144.1827.03100.02980.25640.31910.01140.6613001.218.47100
Outlet7:4417:3017.5027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:006:206.33150.5130.53100.02950.53420.67400.0231.9331.933247.1327785.939.94100
Outlet14:046:206.3330.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
85/11/05Inlet8:0018:0018.00168.5127.03100.02980.46740.58870.0202.2202.220282.4523987.434.09100
Outlet8:0418:0018.0027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
95/12/05Inlet7:5023:5023.83192.3426.53100.02980.63540.80330.0272.9622.962388.8432680.146.36100
Outlet7:5423:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
105/13/05Inlet7:5524.0524.08216.4226.53100.02980.87341.10750.0374.1274.127524.9145051.563.91100
Outlet7:5924.0524.0826.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
115/14/05Inlet7:3023:3523.58240.0027.03100.02980.96521.22480.0414.4764.429587.5849906.570.9298.95
Outlet7:3423:3523.5827.0320.00600.00870.00260.0000.047523.30.74
125/15/05Inlet7:3524.0524.08264.0826.03100.02991.14761.45780.0495.4235.254685.0759205.583.8596.89
Outlet7:3924.0524.0826.0320.00600.01380.00910.0020.1691843.12.61
135/16/05Inlet7:4524.1024.17288.2527.03100.02980.45250.56960.0192.1342.134273.3123211.632.98100
Outlet7:4924.1024.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
145/17/05Inlet7:3523:5023.83312.0826.53100.02980.37920.47600.0161.7551.755232.0119362.727.47100
Outlet7:3923:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
155/18/05Inlet7:5024.1524.25336.3327.03100.02980.68650.86860.0293.1283.128835.1235395.350.30100
Outlet7:5424.1524.2527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
165/20/05Inlet7:3547.4547.75384.0827.03100.02980.66360.83940.0285.9515.951797.1934203.048.60100
Outlet7:3947.4547.7527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
175/22/05Inlet7:4547.1047.17431.2526.53100.02980.69870.88420.0306.1836.183851.7135970.551.03100
Outlet7:4947.1047.1726.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
185/24/05Inlet7:4047.5547.92479.1726.03100.02990.95341.20970.0408.5798.289560.1149129.969.5896.62
Outlet7:4447.5547.9226.0320.00600.01310.00820.0010.2901661.02.35
195/25/05Inlet7:3323:5323.88503.0527.03100.02980.16870.20700.0070.7340.734301.638434.911.99100
Outlet7:3723:5323.8827.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
205/28/05Inlet7:5572.2272.37575.4227.53100.02980.74630.94510.0329.9099.7871810.3438573.154.9098.77
Outlet7:5972.2272.3727.5320.00600.00850.00230.0000.122476.10.68
216/1/05Inlet8:0596.1096.17671.5927.03100.02980.29810.37230.0125.1795.179540.3815172.421.56100
Outlet8:0996.1096.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
226/4/05Inlet8:1072.0572.08743.6727.03100.02980.57080.72080.0247.5157.5150.0129371.141.74100
Outlet8:1472.0572.08743.6727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.000
Beban total90.0440.9289.120
Per-hari(gN)2.7292.701
Biofilter 6Y=ax+bA
Campuran kompos, tanah dan kulit kayu kareta0.7826
Berat awal 10,372 kg dengan kadar air 59,33 %b0.0067
Berat kering bahan 4,22 kgxg-N
HariTanggalLubangJamSelshSelshJmlhSuhuWktFlowVolAbsg-Ng-N/LBebanOutletPenyrpng-Ng NH3KonstrEfsns
kewaktu(jam)(jam)(oC)(mnt)(l/mnt)(m3)dlm lar.udara(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)total/m3(ppm)(%)
15/4/05Inlet7:300:000027.53100.02980.44010.55380.019067.5722603.632.17100
Outlet7:340:040.0727.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet13:336:036.056.0530.53100.02950.36320.45550.0150.4890.489167.3018778.527.00100
Outlet13:376:036.0530.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
25/5/05Inlet7:3518:0218.0324.0827.53100.02980.48560.61190.02179.3524976.635.55100
Outlet7:3918:0218.0327.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:016:266.4330.5129.53100.02960.67850.85840.0292.8762.876314.9235270.350.54100
Outlet14:056:266.4329.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
35/6/05Inlet8:0518:0418.0748.5826.53100.02980.76540.96950.032110.4939437.655.95100
Outlet8:0918:0418.0726.5320.00600.08460.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet13:455:405.6754.2530.03100.02950.52310.65990.0223.0853.085240.4627156.438.97100
Outlet13:495:405.6730.0320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
45/7/05Inlet7:4017:5517.9272.1727.03100.02980.94531.19930.040144.9948870.369.4497.31
Outlet7:4417:5517.9227.0320.00600.01170.00640.0011314.11.87
Inlet13:506:106.1778.3430.53100.02950.89971.14110.0394.5094.413404.7247038.567.6298.54
Outlet13:546:106.1730.5320.00590.00930.00330.0010.096684.80.98
55/8/05Inlet7:3017:4017.6796.0127.03100.02981.36811.73960.058215.7570884.4100.7395.95
Outlet7:3417:4017.6727.0320.00600.01770.01410.0022872.04.08
Inlet13:556:256.42102.4330.03100.02950.68240.86340.0295.0034.819298.9935533.751.0097.31
Outlet13:596:256.4230.0320.00590.01030.00470.0010.183957.11.37
65/9/05Inlet7:2517:3017.50119.9326.53100.02980.23140.28710.01038.9611680.016.57100
Outlet7:2917:3017.5026.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:106:456.75126.6829.53100.02960.40230.50550.0171.5361.536179.5920769.529.76100
Outlet14:146:456.7529.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
75/10/05Inlet7:4017:3017.50144.1827.03100.02980.25640.31910.01140.6613001.218.47100
Outlet7:4417:3017.5027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.00.00
Inlet14:006:206.33150.5130.53100.02950.53420.67400.0231.8971.897247.1327785.939.94100
Outlet14:046:206.3330.5320.00590.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
85/11/05Inlet8:0018:0018.00168.5127.03100.02980.46740.58870.0202.2152.215282.4523987.434.09100
Outlet8:0418:0018.0027.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
95/12/05Inlet7:5023:5023.83192.3426.53100.02980.63540.80330.0272.9552.955388.8432680.146.36100
Outlet7:5423:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
105/13/05Inlet7:5524.0524.08216.4226.53100.02980.87341.10750.0374.1174.053517.4645051.563.9198.58
Outlet7:5924.0524.0826.5320.00600.00920.00310.0010.064639.40.91
115/14/05Inlet7:3023:3523.58240.0027.03100.02980.96521.22480.0414.4664.373581.5049906.570.9297.93
Outlet7:3423:3523.5827.0320.00600.01070.00510.0010.0931034.01.47
125/15/05Inlet7:3524.0524.08264.0826.03100.02991.14761.45780.0495.4115.212681.1859205.583.8596.34
Outlet7:3924.0524.0826.0320.00600.01510.01070.0020.1992169.03.07
135/16/05Inlet7:4524.1024.17288.2527.03100.02980.45250.56960.0192.1292.129273.3123211.632.98100
Outlet7:4924.1024.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
145/17/05Inlet7:3523:5023.83312.0826.53100.02980.37920.47600.0161.7511.751232.0119362.727.47100
Outlet7:3923:5023.8326.5320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
155/18/05Inlet7:5024.1524.25336.3327.03100.02980.68650.86860.0293.1353.135835.1235395.350.30100
Outlet7:5424.1524.2527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
165/20/05Inlet7:3547.4547.75384.0827.03100.02980.66360.83940.0285.9645.964797.1934203.048.60100
Outlet7:3947.4547.7527.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
175/22/05Inlet7:4547.1047.17431.2526.53100.02980.69870.88420.0306.1966.023829.1835970.551.0397.35
Outlet7:4947.1047.1726.5320.00600.01040.00470.0010.174951.71.35
185/24/05Inlet7:4047.5547.92479.1726.03100.02990.95341.20970.0408.5988.328561.4449127.869.5896.85
Outlet7:4447.5547.9226.0320.00600.01270.00760.0010.2701546.12.19
195/25/05Inlet7:3323:5323.88503.0527.03100.02980.16870.20700.0070.7360.736301.638434.911.99100
Outlet7:3723:5323.8827.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
205/28/05Inlet7:5572.2272.37575.4227.53100.02980.74630.94510.0329.8889.7501807.4438573.154.9098.61
Outlet7:5972.2272.3727.5320.00600.00880.00260.0000.138537.20.76
216/1/05Inlet8:0596.1096.17671.5927.03100.02980.29810.37230.0125.1685.168540.3815172.421.56100
Outlet8:0996.1096.1727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.0000.00.00
226/4/05Inlet8:1072.0572.08743.6727.03100.02980.57080.72080.0247.4997.4990.0129371.141.74100
Outlet8:1472.0572.08743.6727.0320.00600.00000.00000.0000.000
Beban total89.6211.2288.406
Per-hari(gN)2.7162.678959395
Keterangan :
1.g-N dalam larutan:(Y - b)/a
Y= absorbansi
2.g-N/L udara:(g-N dalam larutan/volume udara)/1000
3.Beban (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr):[(g-N/L udara inlet1-g-N/L udara inlet2)*selisih waktu sampling*(60/lama sampling)]/brt bhn kering
4.Outlet (g-N'kg bhn kering/hr):[(g-N/L udara outlet1-g-N/L udara outlet2)*selisih waktu sampling*(60/lama sampling)]/brt bhn kering
5.Penyerapan (g-N'kg bhn kering/hr):Beban - Outlet
6.g-N total:(g-N/L udara inlet - outlet)*flow*60*selisih waktu sampling
7.g NH3/m3:(g-N/L udara*(Mr NH3/Mr N)*1000000000))/1000
8.Konsentrasi (ppm):(8,314*(273+t)*g NH3/m3)/(103250*17)
9.Efisiensi (%):((Konsentrasi inlet - outlet)/Konsentrasi inlet)*100%
Keterangan :
1.g-N dalam larutan:(Y - b)/a
Y= absorbansi
2.g-S/L udara:(g-S dalam larutan/volume udara)/1000
3.Beban (g-S/kg bhn kering/hr):[(g-S/L udara inlet1-g-N/L udara inlet2)*selisih waktu sampling*(60/lama sampling)]/brt bhn kering
4.Outlet (g-S/kg bhn kering/hr):[(g-S/L udara outlet1-g-N/L udara outlet2)*selisih waktu sampling*(60/lama sampling)]/brt bhn kering
5.Penyerapan (g-S/kg bhn kering/hr):Beban - Outlet
6.g-S total:(g-S/L udara inlet - outlet)*flow*60*selisih waktu sampling
7.g H2S/m3:(g-S/L udara*(Mr H2S/Mr S)*1000000000))/1000
8.Konsentrasi (ppm):(8,314*(273+t)*g H2S/m3)/(103250*17)
9.Efisiensi (%):((Konsentrasi inlet - outlet)/Konsentrasi inlet)*100%
Sheet2
Total Penyerapan NH3 pada Biofilter 1Hubungan antara Beban dan Kapasitas Penyerapan pada Biofilter 1
WaktuBebanOutletPenyerapanWaktuBebanKapasitas Penyerapan
(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
10.5290.0000.52900.0000.000
10.5290.0000.52910.5290.529
23.1120.0003.11223.1123.112
23.1120.0003.11233.3383.338
33.3380.0003.33844.8794.778
33.3380.0003.33855.4135.220
44.8790.1014.77861.6621.662
44.8790.1014.77872.0522.052
56.6660.2286.43882.3682.368
56.6660.2286.43893.1593.159
61.6620.0001.662104.4014.401
61.6620.0001.662114.7744.700
72.0520.0002.052125.7845.562
72.0520.0002.052132.2762.276
82.3680.0002.368141.8721.872
93.1590.0003.159153.3423.342
104.4010.0004.401173.1793.179
114.7740.0744.700193.3033.270
127.0000.2686.732214.5834.467
132.2760.0002.276220.7840.784
141.8720.0001.872253.4913.491
153.3420.0003.342291.3681.368
163.3420.0003.342331.9861.986
176.3590.0006.359
186.3590.0006.359
196.6070.0676.540
206.6070.0676.540
219.1670.2338.934
220.7840.0000.784
2510.4730.00010.473
295.4740.0005.474
327.9430.0007.943
33
Total Penyerapan NH3 pada Biofilter 2Hubungan antara Beban dan Kapasitas Penyerapan pada Biofilter 2
WaktuBebanOutletPenyerapanWaktuBebanKapasitas Penyerapan
(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
10.5230.0000.52300.0000.000
10.5230.0000.52310.5230.523
23.0800.0003.08023.0803.080
23.0800.0003.08033.3043.304
33.3040.0003.30444.8294.689
33.3040.0003.30455.3585.127
44.8290.1414.68961.6451.645
44.8290.1414.68972.0322.032
55.3580.2315.12782.4092.409
55.3580.2315.12793.2153.215
61.6450.0001.645104.4784.395
61.6450.0001.645114.8584.730
72.0320.0002.032125.8855.615
72.0320.0002.032132.3162.316
82.4090.0002.409141.9051.905
93.2150.0003.215153.3193.319
104.4780.0834.395173.1573.157
114.8580.1284.730193.2803.246
125.8850.2705.615214.5514.434
132.3160.0002.316220.7790.779
141.9050.0001.905253.5073.421
153.3190.0003.319291.3751.375
163.3190.0003.319331.9951.995
176.3140.0006.314
186.3140.0006.314
196.5600.0686.492
206.5600.0686.492
219.1020.2338.869
220.7790.0000.779
2510.5210.25710.264
295.4990.0005.499
327.9790.0007.979
33
Total Penyerapan NH3 pada Biofilter 3Hubungan antara Beban dan Kapasitas Penyerapan pada Biofilter 3
WaktuBebanOutletPenyerapanWaktuBebanKapasitas Penyerapan
(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
10.5150.0000.51500.0000.000
10.5150.0000.51510.5150.515
23.0340.0003.03423.0343.034
23.0340.0003.03433.2553.255
33.2550.0003.25544.7574.670
33.2550.0003.25555.2785.080
44.7570.0874.67061.6201.620
44.7570.0874.67072.0012.001
55.2780.1985.08082.3392.339
55.2780.1985.08093.1213.121
61.6200.0001.620104.3474.347
61.6200.0001.620114.7164.626
72.0010.0002.001125.7135.584
72.0010.0002.001132.2482.248
82.3390.0002.339141.8491.849
93.1210.0003.121153.2573.257
104.3470.0004.347173.0993.099
114.7160.0904.626193.2193.219
125.7130.1295.584214.4674.377
132.2480.0002.248220.7640.764
141.8490.0001.849253.3683.308
153.2570.0003.257291.3201.320
163.2570.0003.257331.9161.916
176.1980.0006.198
186.1980.0006.198
196.4390.0006.439
206.4390.0006.439
218.9340.1808.755
220.7640.0000.764
2510.1050.1819.924
295.2820.0005.282
327.6640.0007.664
33
Total Penyerapan NH3 pada Biofilter 4Hubungan antara Beban dan Kapasitas Penyerapan pada Biofilter 4
WaktuBebanOutletPenyerapanWaktuBebanKapasitas Penyerapan
(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
10.5050.0000.50500.0000.000
10.5050.0000.50510.5050.505
22.9740.0002.97422.9742.974
22.9740.0002.97433.1913.191
33.1910.0003.19144.6644.532
33.1910.0003.19155.1754.929
44.6640.1324.53261.5881.588
44.6640.1324.53271.9621.962
55.1750.2464.92982.2722.272
55.1750.2464.92993.0323.032
61.5880.0001.588104.2244.224
61.5880.0001.588114.5824.479
71.9620.0001.962125.5515.364
71.9620.0001.962132.1842.184
82.2720.0002.272141.7971.797
93.0320.0003.032153.1843.184
104.2240.0004.224173.0293.029
114.5820.1034.479193.1473.057
125.5510.1875.364214.3664.244
132.1840.0002.184220.7470.747
141.7970.0001.797253.3763.293
153.1840.0003.184291.3231.323
163.1840.0003.184331.9201.920
176.0580.0006.058
186.0580.0006.058
196.2940.0006.114
206.2940.1806.114
218.7330.2458.488
220.7470.0000.747
2510.1270.2479.880
295.2940.0005.294
327.6800.0007.680
33
Total Penyerapan NH3 pada Biofilter 5Hubungan antara Beban dan Kapasitas Penyerapan pada Biofilter 5
WaktuBebanOutletPenyerapanWaktuBebanKapasitas Penyerapan
(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
10.4980.0000.49800.0000.000
10.4980.0000.49810.4980.498
22.9310.0002.93122.9312.931
22.9310.0002.93133.1453.145
33.1450.0003.14544.5964.502
33.1450.0003.14555.1004.898
44.5960.0944.50261.5651.565
44.5960.0944.50271.9331.933
55.1000.2024.89882.2202.220
55.1000.2024.89892.9622.962
61.5650.0001.565104.1274.127
61.5650.0001.565114.4764.429
71.9330.0001.933125.4235.254
71.9330.0001.933132.1342.134
82.2200.0002.220141.7551.755
92.9620.0002.962153.1283.128
104.1270.0004.127172.9752.975
114.4760.0474.429193.0913.091
125.4230.1695.254214.2894.144
132.1340.0002.134220.7340.734
141.7550.0001.755253.3033.262
153.1280.0003.128291.2951.295
163.1280.0003.128331.8791.879
175.9510.0005.951
185.9510.0005.951
196.1830.0006.183
206.1830.1806.183
218.5790.2908.289
220.7340.0000.734
259.9090.1229.787
295.1790.0005.179
327.5150.0007.515
33
Total Penyerapan NH3 pada Biofilter 6Hubungan antara Beban dan Kapasitas Penyerapan pada Biofilter 6
WaktuBebanOutletPenyerapanWaktuBebanKapasitas Penyerapan
(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(hari)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
10.4890.0000.48900.0000.000
10.4890.0000.48910.4890.489
22.8760.0002.87622.8762.876
22.8760.0002.87633.0853.085
33.0850.0003.08544.5094.413
33.0850.0003.08555.0034.819
44.5090.0964.41361.5361.536
44.5090.0964.41371.8971.897
55.0030.1834.81982.2152.215
55.0030.1834.81992.9552.955
61.5360.0001.536104.1174.053
61.5360.0001.536114.4664.373
71.8970.0001.897125.4115.212
71.8970.0001.897132.1292.129
82.2150.0002.215141.7511.751
92.9550.0002.955153.1353.135
104.1170.0644.053172.9822.982
114.4660.0934.373193.0983.011
125.4110.1995.212214.2994.164
132.1290.0002.129220.7360.736
141.7510.0001.751253.2963.250
153.1350.0003.135291.2921.292
163.1350.0003.135331.8751.875
175.9640.0005.964
185.9640.0005.964
196.1960.0006.023
206.1960.1746.023
218.5980.2708.328
220.7360.0000.736
259.8880.1389.750
295.1680.0005.168
327.4990.0007.499
33
Sheet2
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Sheet3
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Beban
Penyerapan
Waktu (hari)
(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Beban (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
Kapasitas Penyerapan (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Beban
Penyerapan
Waktu (hari)
(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Beban (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
Kapasitas Penyerapan (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Beban
Penyerapan
Waktu (hari)
(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Beban (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
Kapasitas Penyerapan (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Beban
Penyerapan
Waktu (hari)
(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Beban (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
Kapasitas Penyerapan (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Beban
Penyerapan
Waktu (hari)
(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Beban (g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
Kapasitas Penyerapan(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Beban
Penyerapan
Waktu (hari)
(g-N/kg bhn kering/hr)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Beban (g-N/kg bhn kering)
Kapasitas Penyerapan (g-N/kg bhn kering)
Efisiensi Biofilter 1
HariTanggalKonsentrasi InletKonsentrasi OutletEfisiensi0.00
ke(ppm NH3)(ppm NH3)(%)32.170.00
15/4/0532.170.00010027.000.00
27.000.00010035.550.00
25/5/0535.550.00010050.540.00
50.540.00010055.950.00
35/6/0555.950.00010038.971.57
38.970.00010069.441.26
45/7/0569.441.57297.7467.624.51
67.621.26598.13100.730.90
55/8/05100.734.51095.5251.000.00
51.000.89998.2416.570.00
65/9/0516.570.00010029.760.00
29.760.00010018.470.00
75/10/0518.470.00010039.940.00
39.940.00010034.090.00
85/11/0534.090.00010046.360.00
95/12/0546.360.00010063.911.10
105/13/0563.910.00010070.923.21
115/14/0570.921.09598.4983.850.00
125/15/0583.853.21296.1732.980.00
135/16/0532.980.00010027.470.00
145/17/0527.470.00010050.300.00
155/18/0550.300.00010050.300.52
165/19/0550.300.00010048.601.76
175/20/0548.600.00010048.600.00
185/21/0548.600.00010051.030.00
195/22/0551.030.51798.9951.030.00
205/23/0551.030.00010069.580.00
215/24/0569.581.76597.4611.99
225/25/0511.990.00010054.90
235/28/0554.900.00010054.90
245/29/0554.900.00010021.56
256/1/0521.560.00010041.74
266/4/0541.740.000100
Efisiensi Biofilter 2
HariTanggalKonsentrasi InletKonsentrasi OutletEfisiensi
ke(ppm NH3)(ppm NH3)(%)
15/4/0532.170.000100
27.000.000100
25/5/0535.550.000100
50.540.000100
35/6/0555.950.000100
38.970.000100
45/7/0569.442.59796.26
67.621.39097.94
55/8/05100.735.38794.65
51.001.07997.88
65/9/0516.570.000100
29.760.000100
75/10/0518.470.000100
39.940.000100
85/11/0534.090.000100
95/12/0546.360.000100
105/13/0563.911.18498.15
115/14/0570.921.87297.36
125/15/0583.853.84395.42
135/16/0532.980.000100
145/17/0527.470.000100
155/18/0550.300.000100
165/19/0550.300.000100
175/20/0548.600.000100
185/21/0548.600.000100
195/22/0551.030.53198.96
205/23/0551.030.000100
215/24/0569.581.78097.44
225/25/0511.990.000100
235/28/0554.901.34497.55
245/29/0554.900.000100
256/1/0521.560.000100
266/4/0541.740.000100
Efisiensi Biofilter 3
HariTanggalKonsentrasi InletKonsentrasi OutletEfisiensi
ke(ppm NH3)(ppm NH3)(%)
15/4/0532.170.000100
27.000.000100
25/5/0535.550.000100
50.540.000100
35/6/0555.950.000100
38.970.000100
45/7/0569.441.38698.00
67.621.11798.35
55/8/05100.734.59495.44
51.001.10397.84
65/9/0516.570.000100
29.760.000100
75/10/0518.470.000100
39.940.000100
85/11/0534.090.000100
95/12/0546.360.000100
105/13/0563.910.000100
115/14/0570.921.35898.08
125/15/0583.851.89297.74
135/16/0532.980.000100
145/17/0527.470.000100
155/18/0550.300.000100
165/19/0550.300.000100
175/20/0548.600.000100
185/21/0548.600.000100
195/22/0551.030.000100
205/23/0551.030.000100
215/24/0569.581.40097.99
225/25/0511.990.000100
235/28/0554.900.98698.20
245/29/0554.900.000100
256/1/0521.560.000100
266/4/0541.740.000100
Efisiensi Biofilter 4
HariTanggalKonsentrasi InletKonsentrasi OutletEfisiensi
ke(ppm NH3)(ppm NH3)(%)
15/4/0532.170.000100
27.000.000100
25/5/0535.550.000100
50.540.000100
35/6/0555.950.000100
38.970.000100
45/7/0569.441.47697.87
67.622.32096.57
55/8/05100.736.02894.02
51.001.03197.98
65/9/0516.570.000100
29.760.000100
75/10/0518.470.000100
39.940.000100
85/11/0534.090.000100
95/12/0546.360.000100
105/13/0563.910.000100
115/14/0570.921.55097.81
125/15/0583.852.74996.72
135/16/0532.980.000100
145/17/0527.470.000100
155/18/0550.300.000100
165/19/0550.300.000100
175/20/0548.600.000100
185/21/0548.600.000100
195/22/0551.030.000100
205/23/0551.031.40197.25
215/24/0569.581.91297.25
225/25/0511.990.000100
235/28/0554.901.34497.55
245/29/0554.900.000100
256/1/0521.560.000100
266/4/0541.740.000100
Efisiensi Biofilter 5
HariTanggalKonsentrasi InletKonsentrasi OutletEfisiensi
ke(ppm NH3)(ppm NH3)(%)
15/4/0532.170.000100
27.000.000100
25/5/0535.550.000100
50.540.000100
35/6/0555.950.000100
38.970.000100
45/7/0569.441.46997.89
67.621.32598.04
55/8/05100.734.63595.40
51.001.36697.32
65/9/0516.570.000100
29.760.000100
75/10/0518.470.000100
39.940.000100
85/11/0534.090.000100
95/12/0546.360.000100
105/13/0563.910.000100
115/14/0570.920.74498.95
125/15/0583.852.61096.89
135/16/0532.980.000100
145/17/0527.470.000100
155/18/0550.300.000100
165/19/0550.300.000100
175/20/0548.600.000100
185/21/0548.600.000100
195/22/0551.030.000100
205/23/0551.030.000100
215/24/0569.582.35296.62
225/25/0511.990.000100
235/28/0554.900.67898.77
245/29/0554.900.000100
256/1/0521.560.000100
266/4/0541.740.000100
Efisiensi Biofilter 6
HariTanggalKonsentrasi InletKonsentrasi OutletEfisiensi
ke(ppm NH3)(ppm NH3)(%)
15/4/0532.170.000100
27.000.000100
25/5/0535.550.000100
50.540.000100
35/6/0555.950.000100
38.970.000100
45/7/0569.441.86797.31
67.620.98498.54
55/8/05100.734.08195.95
51.001.37497.31
65/9/0516.570.000100
29.760.000100
75/10/0518.470.000100
39.940.000100
85/11/0534.090.000100
95/12/0546.360.000100
105/13/0563.910.90798.58
115/14/0570.921.46997.93
125/15/0583.853.07296.34
135/16/0532.980.000100
145/17/0527.470.000100
155/18/0550.300.000100
165/19/0550.300.000100
175/20/0548.600.000100
185/21/0548.600.000100
195/22/0551.031.35097.35
205/23/0551.030.000100
215/24/0569.582.19096.85
225/25/0511.990.000100
235/28/0554.900.76598.61
245/29/0554.900.000100
256/1/0521.560.000100
266/4/0541.740.000100
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Konsentrasi Outlet (ppm)
Efisiensi (%)
Waktu (hari)
Konsentrasi outlet (ppm)
Efisiensi (%)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Waktu (hari)
Konsentrasi Inlet (ppm)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Waktu (hari)
Konsentrasi Outlet (ppm)
Efisiensi (%)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Waktu (hari)
Konsentrasi Outlet (ppm)
Efisiensi (%)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Waktu (hari)
Konsentrasi Outlet (ppm)
Efisiensi (%)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Waktu (hari)
Konsentrasi Outlet (ppm)
Efisiensi (%)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
Waktu (hari)
Konsentrasi Outlet (ppm)
Efisiensi (%)
PP RI No. 41/1999: Pengendalian Pencemaran udara 2. KepMen.LH No.13/1995: BME sumber tidak bergerak 3. KepMen.LH No. 15/1996 : BME sumber bergerak 4. KepMenLH No. 45/1997 : ISPU 5. KepMenLH No. 48/1996 : Kebisingan 6. KepMenLH No. 49/1996 : Getaran 7. KepMenLH No. 50/1996 : Kebauan 8. KepMenLH No. 205/1996 : Pedoman Teknis Pengendalian pencemaran udara sumber tidak bergerakPERUNDANGAN DAN PERATURAN
Pengaruh polutan udara Manusia Binatang / hewan Tanaman Barang-barang Terhadap manusia : akut : Konsentrasi tinggi dalam waktu pendekpernapasan, paru-paru, dan kematian kronis : Konsentrasi rendah dalam waktu yang lama (menahun) kanker pernapasan, penyakit paru-paru dan hati
Hewan / binatang :Pernapasan Penurunan produksi ternak Tanaman :perubahan warna daun Gugur daun Penurunan produksi Kematian Barang-barangPenurunan warnaKorosif / karatPenutupan debu/tanah pemucatan / penampakan
BAKU TINGKAT KEBAUAN (KEP-50/MENKLH/11/1996)
Prinsip pengendalian pencemaran udara Pada titik sumbernya (At the source). Dengan cara mencegah teremisi ke atmosfir, lahan dan tangani sebelum tersebar ke atmosfir.Metoda Penanganan pada industri yang ada : Penggantian/ perubahan bahan baku Lebih mengefisienkan operasi dan peralatanPerubahan operasiModifikasi atau penggantian peralatan proses Adopsi alternatif metoda
Kebisingan adalah suara yang tidak dinginkan Suara pada waktu dan tempat yang salahGangguan kebisingan : Percakapan Pendengaran Psikologis (marah, lelah, pusing, dsb)Alat pengukur kebisingan : Sound level meter getaran : Vibratometer KEBISINGAN DAN GETARAN
Sumber dan nilai kebisingan pada industri kulitSumber Kebisingan : Alat berat Genset Operasional peralatan (pompa, grinder, gergaji, dsb) Transportasi
Sheet1
NoBahanKg bahan basah per ton kulit awet garam basah
1Bulu234 312
2Fleshing78 234
3Split222
4Shaving20
5Buffing5 10
6Lumpur250 333
NoBentuk limbahSumber limbahSifat limbah
1Gas buangKorosif
2Partikel DebuMesin penyerutan (shaving)Korosif
Mesin pengampelasan (buffing)
Sheet2
NoBentuk limbahTempat pengukuranKadar polutanNAB
1Gas buangRuang beam house dan penyamakan5 ppm
18 ppm
10 ppm
2Partikel debuRuang penyerutan (shaving)
Ruang pengampelasan (buffing)
Ruang proses penyamakan
3SuhuRuang proses penyamakan
4Kelambaran65.70 82.74 %
Sheet3
No.Tahapan prosesMesinKebisingan (dbA)
1Beam house dan tanningDrum Pickling, tanning, retanning79 82.5
2PenyerutanMesin shaving77 83
3SettingMesin setting90 - 95
4PengeringanMesin pengeringan /hanging68 - 84
5PengampelasanMesin buffing79 - 83
Mesin toggling
6PelemasanMesin embossing84 - 85
7SeterikaMesin pengecatan78 - 80
8Pengecatan(spray drying)68 - 77
9Pembangkit tenagaBoiller/diesel78 - 80
PENGENDALIAN DAN PENCEGAHAN KEBISNGAN1. Mengurangi getaran dari sumber timbulnya suara -membuat pondasi mesin dan peredam suara2. Menutup atau mengurangi sumber suara - penggunaan peredam suara pada telinga (earplug) dapat menurunkan 20 25 dBA3. Melemahkan intensitas suara - pemasangan dinding penyekat (semen/beton, seng) dengan ketebalan tertentu dapat menurunkan 20-35 dBA
Apa Pencemaran Itu?Pencemaran tanah adalah keadaan di mana bahan kimia (buatan manusia) masuk dan merubah lingkungan tanah alami
Soil contaminationPenyebabnya : kebocoran limbah cair, bahan kimia industri, fasilitas komersial; penggunaan pestisida; masuknya air permukaan tanah tercemar; kecelakaan kendaraaan; air limbah dari tempat penimbunan sampah serta limbah industri yang langsung dibuang ke tanah secara tidak memenuhi syarat (ilegal dumping).
Pencemaran tanah di areal pertambangan Freeport
Tanah di NAD pasca tsunamiPasca tsunami tingkat salinitas tanah di daerah yg terkena tsunami meningkat tinggi.
Akibat Pencemaran TanahPada kesehatan, pencemaran tanah dapat mengakibatkan berbagai gangguan kesehatan.Pada Ekosistimterganggunya rantai makanan Penurunan fungsi tanaman kaitannya dengan erosi tanah.
Upaya PenangananRemediasiRemediasi adalah kegiatan untuk membersihkan permukaan tanah yang tercemar. Remediasi tanah: in-situ ex-situ
Upaya Penanganan* Bioremediasi Bioremediasi adalah proses pembersihan pencemaran tanah dengan menggunakan mikroorganisme (jamur, bakteri).
Fitoremediasi Fitoremediasi teknologi pembersihan, penghilangan atau pengurangan polutan berbahaya, seperti logam berat, pestisida, dan senyawa organik beracun dalam tanah atau air dengan menggunakan bantuan tanaman (hiperakumulator plant).
Fitoremediasi Tanaman hiperakumulator :Mampu menyerap lebih dari 10.000 ppm Mn, Zn, Ni Lebih dari 1.000 ppm untuk Cu dan SeLebih dari 100 ppm untuk Cd, Cr, Pb, dan Co.
Contoh Tanaman Hiperakumulator
Jenis TanamanUnsur Yg DiserapThlaspi caerulescens Zink (Zn) dan Kadmium (Cd) Alyssum sp., Berkheya sp., Sebertia acuminata Nikel (Ni) Brassicacea sp. SulfatePteris vittata, Pityrogramma calomelanos Arsenik (As)Pteris vittata, Nicotiana tabacum, Liriodendron tulipifera.Mercuri (Hg)Thlaspi caerulescens, Alyssum murale, Oryza sativa Senyawa organik (petroleum hydrocarbons, PCBs, PAHs, TCE juga TNT)Brassica sp. Emas (Au)Brassica juncea. Selenium (Se)
Berkheya sp.
Nikel (Ni)
Zink (Zn) ,Kadmium (Cd)
Thlaspi caerulescens
Alyssum murale
petroleum hydrocarbon, PCBs, PAHs, TCE, TNT
Oryza sativa
Senyawa organik
Mercuri (Hg)
Nicotiana tabacum
Pteris vittata
Pityrogramma calomelanos
Alyssum sp
Brassicacea sp.Liriodendrotulipifera
Brassica juncea
Proses FitoremediasiPhytoacumulation : tumbuhan menarik zat kontaminan sehingga berakumulasi disekitar akar tumbuhanRhizofiltration : proses adsorpsi / pengendapan zat kontaminan oleh akar untuk menempel pada akar. Phytostabilization : penempelan zat-zat contaminan tertentu pada akar yang tidak mungkin terserap kedalam batang tumbuhan.
Proses FitoremediasiRhyzodegradetion : penguraian zat-zat kontaminan oleh aktivitas microbaPhytodegradation : penguraian zat kontaminPhytovolatization : transpirasi zat contaminan oleh tumbuhan dalam bentuk yang telah menjadi larutan terurai sebagai bahan yang tidak berbahaya
Keuntungan FitoremediasiBiaya operasi lebih murah Tanaman juga bisa dijadikan bahan bakar.Pencemaran pada tanah bisa berkurang secara alamiah
Keuntungan Fitoremediasi Tanah juga akan mengalami perbaikan akibat adanya aktivitas akar. Tanah menjadi lebih subur kembali.Tanaman yang mampu menyerap unsur bernilai ekonomi seperti emas (au) dan nikel (ni) bisa digunakan untuk pertambangan.
Faktor yang mendukung kesuksesan fitoremediasi
Adanya ketersediaan tanaman hiperakumulator yang cocok.
Adanya kerja sama yang baik antarbidang ilmu lain
Tanaman hiperakumulator yang telah ditemukan hingga saat ini mencakup sekitar 400 spesies bukan hanya yang mampu membersihkan metal (logam), nonlogam, metaloid, tetapi juga senyawa organik
Apakah di Indonesia ada tanaman hiperakumulator? Pihak Indonesia belum pernah mempublikasikan ada tidaknya tanaman hiperakumulator di journal internesional (nasional?)
Apakah tidak sulit menanam tanaman hiperakumulator pada tanah-tanah tercemar? Tanaman hiperakumulator masuk dalam kriteria tanaman yang syarat tumbuhnya tidak membutuhkan nutrisi tinggi dan tidak rewel.
Kesuksesan penanggulangan pencemaran (tanah, air, dan udara) hendaknya tidak dipandang dan dilaksanakan hanya melalui satu bidang ilmu kajian saja. Kerja sama yang baik dari beberapa bidang ilmu dan juga metode akan mengefektifkan pembersihan pencemaran, sehingga pembersihan bisa dilakukan dengan akurat dan tidak perlu diulang pada masa-masa mendatang (once execution method).
Created byAgus Sudibyo Jati 5945Daryoto 5983Arsi Runi P. 5853Ashareza N 5963Riesa K. 5929Ira Putri N. 5837Arief Wijayanto 6003Grievan Dwi Okta 5955Dias Nadi Utama 5961Oky Pramudya 5985