Penyakit akibat Getaran atau vibrasi

8/16/2019 Penyakit akibat Getaran atau vibrasi

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PAK - GETARAN

ERWIN DN


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• DEFINISI

• PENYEBAB

• PATHOGENESIS• DIAGNOSIS

• TERAPI

• PROGNOSIS• PENCEGAHAN


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PAK AKIBAT GETARAN

• Penyakit akibat getaran aa!a" #enyakit

ata$ gangg$an ke%e"atan akibat getaran

•PAK akibat getaran & ' PAK akibat getaran %e!$r$" t$b$"

' PAK akibat getaran %ete(#at )%eg(ente

*ibrati+n, t++! "an *ibrati+n


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W"+!e B+y .ibrati+n

• Getaran (ekanaik yang i%a(#aikan!e/at te(#at $$k )e0& a!at berat , !antai

• Getaraan ari a!at berat te(#at$$k t$!ang be!akang %$#ir


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WORKERS AT RISK

+ S$#ir Trakt+r1 tr$k1 (+bi!e 2r$%"er%

+ F+rk-!i3t%

+ 4a%ni%1 %$#ir b$%1 tak%i1 (+t+r b+at1"e!ik+#ter1 #e%a/at

+ 4e%in , A!at berat )"a((ering an

#$n2"ing (a2"inery+ Orang yang beker5a i !ana%an yang

bergetar


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.ibrati+n%.ibrati+n%


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.ibrati+n

• E0#+%$re t+ *ibrati+n 2an +22$r

/"i!e $%ing #+/er t++!% +r /"i!e

ri*ing e6$i#(ent7• .ibrati+n 3r+( #+/er t++!% 2an

#!a2e %tre%% +n t"e ti%%$e% +3 t"e

3inger%1 "an an ar(%7• W"+!e b+y *ibrati+n 3r+( ri*ing

#$t% %tre%% +n t"e %#ina! ti%%$e%7


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.ibrati+n E0#+%$re.ibrati+n E0#+%$re

Whole BodyWhole Body

8 %,9 : #eker5a i

Er+#a;


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Terdapat berbagai faktor yang perlu

diperhatikan dalam menilai efek getaran

pada manusia , yaitu:

• Karakteristik fisik dari frekuensi danintensitas getaran

• Tipe dari sumber getaran

• Lamanya pemajanan• Arah getaran

• Posisi tubuh

• Kerentanan individu

• Faktor lingkungan misalnya suhu udara,kebisingan, beban kerja dll.


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E3ek 3i%ik getaran Paa +t+t

%ke!et )8-=> H?


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O%te+art"riti%


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O%te+art"riti%


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O%te+art"riti%


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O%te+art"riti%


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E3ek getaran an 3rek$en%i

Frek$en%i )H? E3ek

8-=> Ker$%akan %i%te( +t+t an t$!ang

8-@ Ker$%akan t$!ang be!akang

@-> )ginten%ita%%angat tinggi

Perara"an #ar$


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Frek$en%i-e3ek

Frek$en%i )"? e3ek

= R+ngga aa an #er$t

= Organ an 5aringan #eri3er


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EFEK PADA KESEHATANWBV

FREK


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GANGG


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• Denyut jantung meningkat !" # !$%&mnt' padakondisi eksperimen yang normal, tanpa

memperhatikan frekuensi pajanan kontinyu pulih

• TD meningkat pd frek. ( $ )*

menurun pd frek. ( !" + " )*

Respon fsiologis thd WBV yg masih dapatditolerir o/ manusia adalah :


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• Tidal -olume meningkat pada semua frekuensimaks. Pd frek. $ # / )*'

• 00 meningkat linier dg intensitas

• Pd $+/)* -1 menurun

2 3ptake meningkat.


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• 4fek 56- pd ginjal , darah 7 endokrin + 6elum atau tidak terdapat bukti yg jelas

• 4fek 56- pd keseimbangan

+ tgt kerentanan individu7


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Efek Getaran Pada Performance

• 8gn. Fgs. 7 ketajaman penglihatan

+ sebanding dg amplitudo getaran

+ maksimum pd frek.!" +$ )*.

• Penurunan performan9e pada tra9king task

pekerjaan mengikuti jejak misalnya jejak satelit,

pesa:at udara dll'

+ sebanding dengan amplitudo getaran+ maksimum pd frek. rendah ; $ )*'


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HNP )Hernia N$2!e$% P$!#+%$%

• Terge!in2irnya n$k!e$% #$!#+%$% )an$!$%

3ibr+%$%,%!i##e i%2

• Pat"+gene%i%&

WB. ker$%akan t$!ang ra/an %!i##e

i%2 tekanan #aa raik% +r%a!i%

BP


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HERNIA N


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Bebera#a Fakt+r Ri%ik+ BP

a7 %ika# t$b$" yg 5e!ek ; k$rang OR

- %ika# beriri yang (e(b$ngk$k ke e#an1

- aa ke(#e% - #$ng$ng !+r+%i% - tiak tega# 1 - #er$t b$n2it

tekanan BB 5at$" ke e#an %bg

k+(#en%a%i #$ngg$ng "r% itarik ke be!akang-- hiperlordosis lumbal jk lama ke!e!a"an +t+t ; rang%angan # !iga(en nyeri7


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Ba #+%t$re


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b7 Obe%ita% ; ke"a(i!an tri(e%ter ak"ir

#er#ina"an tekanan BB ke e#an

27 $$k +t+t "a(%tring kak$ ;

#enek7 Pan5ang t$ngkai yang tiak %a(a

e7 Se#at$ t$(it yang tinggi , #e(enekan

ten+n a2"i!!e% titik Berat berge%er kee#an


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37 ke!e(a"an +t+t ining #er$t 1 g!$te$% (ak%i(i% ;i!e+#%+a% %erta #e(enekan +t+t-+t+t ek%ten%+r #$ngg$g)+t+t yg #enting $, (e(#erta"ankan %$$t

!$(b+%a2ra!i% # #+%i%i +#ti(a! )M ke!e(a"an

$n%tab!e ba2k7

g7 4er+k+k )b!( 5e!a%

- tekanan intra i%k$% (eningkat )bat$k kr+ni%

- #eregangan +t+t - nik+tin

"7 Ke%egaran 5a%(ani

IK Baik beri%ik+ BP

i7 a(a (a%a ker5a

%e(akin !a(a )g beban berat ri%ik+ %e(akin (eningkat

A18


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A18


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Pen2ega"an

• Hinari #a#aran WB. NAB #i!i"#era!atan,(e%in yang anti getaran1#e(e!i"araan (e%in1 g$nakan #erea(1 %e#at$anti getaran

• At$r /akt$ ker5a i%tira"at & = 5a( ker5a-= (eniti%tira"at

• I%tira"at & %tret2"ing1 (a%%aging1 re!a0ing

• Tera#i %e%$ai ge5a!a• Hinari 3akt+r ri%ik+

• aga baan teta# "angat


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GETARAN SE


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PAK 'GETARAN SETE4PAT


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5hat is )A- )and+Arm -ibration'>

What is HAV (Hand-Arm Vibration)?

-transmitted from work processes into workers hands and arms.- t can be caused by operating hand-held power tools such as !

road breakers,

hand-guided e"uipment (ex!s lawn mowers)

holding materials being processed by machines such as pedestal grinders.


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5hat injuries 9an )A- 9ause>

#egular exposure to $%& can cause

a range of permanentin'uries to your hands and arms that are known as hand-arm

ibration syndrome ($%&).

*he in'uries can include damage to the following!


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5hat injuries 9an )A- 9ause>

o Blood Circulatory System (vibration white finger) - >> tjd jika suhu tubuh/tangan dingin atau basah

- tanda awal ujung jari !utih (kadang") # baal # se!erti terusuk

jarum

- akhir serangan jari !utih berubah merah $ sangat nyeri

oSensory %erve &amage

- kerusakan syaraf di 'ari rasa raba + rasa suhu berkurang baal

permanen, kesemutan di 'ari

o &amage to 'uscle# Bones $ oints

- kekuatan tangan hilang

- nyeri di lengan + pergelangan tangan


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Hea!t" E33e2t% )bi%anyaHea!t" E33e2t% )bi%anya

%ete!a" -@t"%ete!a" -@t"Hand ArmHand Arm

-as9ular and 9ir9ulation problems.-as9ular and 9ir9ulation problems.

?eurol@gi9al.?eurol@gi9al.

us9ular disordersus9ular disorders

2thers2thers


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Symptoms – Advanced

Stages• White or Blanched

Finger Tips

' Aggravated by cold

' Mistaken for frostbite

' Fe minutes initially

• With !ontinued

"#posure

' Blanching spreads

' Attacks $ncrease in• Fre%uency

• $ntensity

• &uration


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Symptoms – 'atter stages

• (ccur in all seasons

• (n and off job

• Triggered by

' !old

' )ibrating objects

' *icotine

• Severe !ases ' +angrene

' Amputation

Stockholm ,A)S !lassification


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System -)ascular Assessment.Stag

e

Grae De%2ri#ti+n

--------- N+ atta2k%

=. 4i! O22a%i+na! atta2k% a33e2ting +n!y

+ne +r (+re 3inger%>. 4+erate O22a%i+na! atta2k% a33e2ting i%ta!

an (i!e #"a!ange% )rare!y a!%+#r+0i(a! +3 +ne +r (+re 3inger%

. Se*ere Fre6$ent atta2k% a33e2ting A#"a!ange% +3 (+%t 3inger%

8. .ery

Se*ere

A% in Stage 1 /it" tr+#"i2 %kin

2"ange% in t"e 3inger ti#%



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System -Sensorineural

Assessment.Stage Sy(#t+(%

SN E0#+%e t+ *ibrati+n b$t n+ %y(#t+(%

=SN Inter(ittent n$(bne%%1 /it" +r /it"+$tting!ing

>SN Inter(ittent +r #er%i%tent n$(bne%%1

re$2ing %en%+ry #er2e#ti+n

SN Inter(ittent +r #er%i%tent n$(bne%%1re$2ing ta2ti!e i%2ri(inati+n an,+r

(ani#$!ati*e e0terity


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Normal

Artery

Muscle

Normal

flow

Damage

Artery

Flow

Restriction

)ealth 4ffe9ts)ealth 4ffe9tsVascular DisordersVascular Disorders


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Typical ,A) Sources

• Fastening Tools

• !utting Tools

• Finishing Tools

• +ardening Tools

• !ompaction Tools

• &rilling/Boring Tools

• And More

.ib ti E.ib ti E


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.ibrati+n E0#+%$re.ibrati+n E0#+%$reHand ArmHand Arm


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Hand Armvibration

exo!"re


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5hat other fa9tors 9an 9ontribute to vibration injury>

o

o $ow high the ibration leels

o $ow long you use the tools and e"uipment

o $ow awkward it is for you to use the e"uipment

o $ow tightly you hae to grip the e"uipment

o $ow cold and wet you get when using the e"uipmento ndiidual susceptibility - smokers are at a greater risk


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Acceleration levels from Hand Arm Vibrations

Hand-arm vibration acceleration level

(m/sec2)

Tool T!e

,/ #ieter, 0aulker

121 0hipping $ammer

13 4otorcycle

//5 6ack-7eg 8rill

29 :rinder

59 ;aement


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Tri+a%ial easurements must be perform

6asi9entri9 easurement easurement of vibration

dire9tly from the tool.

6asi9dynami9 easurement easurement of vibration

indire9tly over a knu9kle.


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-ibrations on the )uman body


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Penyakit akibat Getaran atau vibrasi