Penyakit Pada Anjing Domestik English

8/12/2019 Penyakit Pada Anjing Domestik English

1/8

1

DOMESTIC DOG( CANIS LUPUS FAMI LI ARIS ) DISEASE BY THE INFLAMMATION OF

BLOOD VESSELS

Damar Alam Purwastoko

Scientific Name : Vasculitis

Family : Dermatology

Educational Studies Veterinarian Program, Veterinary Program, University of Brawijaya

65145

email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In 2011, A domestic dog was presented with an acute purpura. After ruling out bleeding

disorders a biopsy was taken and indicated vasculitis. Vasculitis is an uncommon immune-mediated

inflammatory disease of the blood vessels. Aberrant immune response leads to inflammation and

necrosis of blood vessels. Some cases was caused by rabies vaccination, beef hypersensitivity, drug

reaction (e.g. meloxicam), metabolic disease, systemic lupus erythematosus. This disease tends to be

idiopathic.

Keywords : Canis lupus familiaris, Vasculitis, Necrosis, Purpura, Lupus Erythematosus.

Exordium

Vasculitis is an inflammatory

disease of blood vessels. Based on the

previous cases, Vasculitis is caused some

underlying factors. Vasculitis might caused

by bacterial and viral infection. Some dogs

may develop the disorder due to an

immune-mediated disease, where the

immune system over reacts and attacks its

own body system. Vasculitis might be

manifested by drugs, abnormal tissue growth,

food allergy, kidney disorder, and joint

disease. 1

Its not clear about the main cause

of vasculitis because of its underlying factors.

The purplish red skin on the paws, tail, ears,

mouth, tongue, or on the belly area is a common

characteristic in the previous cases. This disease

could be a manifested as a sign of the other

disease such as lymphoma, leptospirosis, and

ehrlichiosis. .

Blood vessels affected by vasculitis

become inflamed, which can cause the layers of

the blood vessel wall to thicken. This narrows

the blood vessels, reducing the amount of blood

and therefore oxygen and vital nutrients that

reaches your body's tissues. In some cases, a


2/8

2

blood clot may form in an affected blood vessel,

obstructing blood flow. Sometimes instead of

becoming narrower, a blood vessel may weaken

and form a bulge (aneurysm), a potentially

life-threatening condition. 2

Vasculitis is uncommon on dogs and rare

on cat. All ages, breeds, or gender have a

possibility to manifest it, but in some case that

are a well-known like Jack Russel Terrier and

while applying vaccine on a small variety like

poodle.

GENERAL EXPLANATION Canis lupusfamiliaris

Canis lupus familiaris, or domestic

dog is a subspecies of grey wolf( Canis lupus ), a

part of canidae family of mammalian order

Carnivore. The word Domestic dog is used for

the domestic type and the feral type. Dog is the

first domesticated animal and the most used for

working, hunting, and pet animal of human

history. The word Dog can refers to the male

of canine species. 3

Like the most predator mammals, dog

has strong muscle, a cardiovascular system

which supports while running and fitness.,, and

teeth for catching, holding, and tearing. Dog has

nails, not claws. Cat has claws. 4 The covering

hair is divided into two kinds: double is

common for dogs (and wolves) in cold climate,

and consist of covering top layer and soft

bottom layer, or single with only the main coat.

There are some kind of dog tails : straight,

perking up, sickle, curve, or spin. Dog s lifespan

varies and depends on the breeds, but the

average lifespan in a population, half dead and

half keeps on living is about 10 to 13 years. 4

SIGNS

Clinical features of vasculitis are -

variable and depend on the vessels involved. It

can present as: purpura, haemorrhagic bullae,

necrosis and punched-out ulcers. often affects

the extremities such as the ear tips, tail, lips,

paws and oral mucosa, and can be painful. The

systemic signs usually reflect the organ

involved (hepatopathy, arthropathy,

myopathy.). There may also be vague systemic

signs of illness: lethargy, lymphadenopathy,vague pain, pyrexia and weight loss.

Signs associated with

immmune-mediated disease include:

thrombocytopaenia and polyarthropathy.

Breed-related vasculitis include: familial

cutaneous vasculopathy of German Shepherd

Dogs, neutrophilic leukoclastic vasculitis of

Jack Russell Terriers, ear margin

vasculitis/seborrhea in Dachshunds. 5

Another animal which manifests

vasculitis could show a different symptoms

such as hairfall on certain area, lethargy, losing

appetite, fever, muscle bruises, joints

inflammation, and swelling on certain area.

DIAGNOSIS

Because this is a disorder of the

internal organs, internal visual diagnostics will

need to be used to judge the severity of the

disorder and to determine a course of action.

X-rays will be conducted to diagnose whether

heartworm disease is the culprit, and your

veterinarian may also take samples of skin tissue

in order to diagnose inflammation of blood


3/8

3

vessels, and what is present in the tissue to be

causing the inflammatory response. If food or

drug allergy is suspected, the first

recommendation is usually to discontinue the

use of the suspected food or drug and to judge

the response. If this is the case, your veterinarian

will advise on the appropriate diet to change to

for your dog while determining the cause. It is

not advisable to make dramatic diet changes

without the guidance of a health professional. 1

TREATMENT

Treatment for vasculitis includesidentification and curing the main cause if

possible, and using medicines for suppress the

blood vessels inflammation. The effective

medicine includes steroids, pentoxifylline, a

mixture of tetracycline and niacinamide,

dapsone, sulfasalazine, cyclosporin, or

azathioprine. In some curing cases the treatment

should be stopped but on some animals the

treatment will take a lifetime. Treatment is

usually successful with topical tacrolimus,

although scarring is permanent. 6

Because of the tons of factors which

manifests vasculitis, the preventieon is hard to

be done. But in the rabies vaccine case, the

vaccination should be stopped if possible.

NECROSIS

Necrosis is a form of cell injury that

results in the premature death of cells in living

tissue. Necrosis is caused by factors external to

the cell or tissue, such as infection, toxins, or

trauma 7

PURPURA

Purpura is the appearance of red or

purple discolorations on the skin that do not

blanch on applying pressure. They are caused

by bleeding underneath the skin usually

secondary to vasculitis or dietary deficiency of

vitamin C. 8

LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

Lupus Erythematosus is a systemic

autoimmune disease (or autoimmune

connective tissue disease) that can affect any part of the body. the immune system attacks

the body's cells and tissue, resulting in

inflammation and tissue damage. 9

REFERENCES

1. Pet MD. 2013 . Inflammation of Body

Blood Vessels in Dogs. petMD, LLC.

http://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/imm

une/c_dg_vasculitis_systemic#.Uh3-01k41

G4. Accessed on 28 August 2013. On 20.45.

2. Mayo Clinic staff. 2011. Vasculitis. Mayo

Foundation for Medical Education and

Research.http://www.mayoclinic.com/health

/vasculitis/DS00513/DSECTION=causes .

Accessed on 28 August 2013. On 20.44.

3. Wikipedia. 2013. Dogs. Wikimedia

Foundation ,Inc.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog. Accessed

on 29 August 2013. On 04.39.

4. Wikipedia. 2013. Dogs Anatomy.

Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog_anatomy.

Accessed on 29 August 2013. On 04.30.

5. WikiVet. 2012. Vasculitis. MediaWiki.


4/8

4

http://en.wikivet.net/Vasculitis. Accessed on

28 August 2013. On 19.58.

6. Vetbook. 2013. Cutaneous vasculitis.

MediaWiki. .

http://www.vetbook.org/wiki/dog/index.php

/Cutaneous_vasculitis. Accessed on 28

August 2013. On 20.30.

7. Wikipedia. 2013. Necrosis. Wikimedia

Foundation, Inc.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necrosis .

Accessed on 1 September 2013. On 15.00.

8. Wikipedia. 2013. Purpura. Wikimedia

Foundation, Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purpura .

Accessed on 1 September 2013. On 14.58.

9. Wikipedia. 2013. Systemic Lupus

Erythematosus. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

Lupus_erythematosus . Accessed on 1

September 2013. On 15.03.


5/8

5


6/8


7/8

7


8/8

8

Documents

Penyakit Pada Anjing Domestik English