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PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN ALAT MONITORING
INFUS PADA PASIEN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN
JARINGAN WIRELESS BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER
TUGAS AKHIR
Diajukan kepada
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Persyaratan
Akademik dalam Menyelesaikan
Program Sarjana (S-1) Teknik
Disusun Oleh :
FIRMANUDDIN NUR
NIM : 2010101130311044
JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO
FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2015
ii
v
ABSTRAK
Perencanaan Dan Pembuatan Alat Monitoring Infus Menggunakan
Jaringan Wireless Berbasis Mikrokontroler, Disusun oleh Firmanuddin Nur,
Nim: 201010130311044, Jurusan Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang, Pembimbing I: Ir. Nurhadi,MT, Pembimbing II:
M.Chasrun Hasani,ST.,MT.
Dalam dunia medis infus merupakan alat yang paling sering
digunakan,fungsi infus sendiri yaitu untuk memberikan cairan pada pasien secara
berkala. Kesalahan dalam pemberian cairan infus dapat berakibat buruk kepada
pasien, apabila terjadi masalah seperti penyumbatan atau kehabisan cairan jika
tidak segera di tangani akan berbahaya bagi pasien. Infus yang ada saat ini
penggunaanya masih secara manual dimana kesalahan – kesalahan seperti
tersebut masih sering terjadi.
Pembuatan sistem pembaca tetesan infus pasien dengan transmisi data wifi
merupakan solusi yang tepat untuk pemantauan jarak jauh secara realtime.
Dengan menggunakan alat ini, kondisi tetesan infus dapat dipantau oleh dokter
atau perawat melalui komputer dan melakukan rekam medis untuk kondisi dan
status infus tanpa harus melakukan pengecekan secara langsung sehingga dapat
membantu aktifitas dokter maupun perawat dalam penangan pasien khususnya
pasien yang sedang dirawat di ICU.
. Kata Kunci: Infus, Sensor, Mikrokontroler
vi
ABSTRACT
Planning And Preparation Equipment Infusion Monitoring Using Wireless
Network Based On Microcontroller, to be compiled: Firmanuddin Nur, Nim:
201010130311044, Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technique,
University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Counsellor I: Ir. Lailis Syafa’ah, MT.,
Counsellor II: M.Chasrun Hasani,ST.,MT.
In the medical world infusion is the most commonly used tools, infusion
alone function is to provide fluid in patients on a regular basis. Errors in the
administration of intravenous fluids may be detrimental to the patient, if there are
problems such as blockages or dehydration if not handled immediately be harmful
to the patient. Infusion current use is still manually where mistakes - mistakes
such as these are still common.
Making the system of drip patient reader with wifi data transmission is the
perfect solution for remote monitoring in realtime. By using this tool, the
condition of the drip can be monitored by a doctor or nurse through the computer
and perform medical records for the condition and status of the infusion without
the need to check directly that can help doctors activities although nurses in
handling patients, especially patients who are being treated in the ICU
Key Word : infusion, sensors, microcontroller
vii
vii
KATA PENGANTAR
Segala Puji dan Syukur penulis panjatkan kepada ALLAH SWT.
Karena hanya dengan rahmat dan karunia-NYA, penulis dapat menyelesaikan
skripsi ini dengan judul : “PERENCANAAN DAN PEMBUATAN ALAT
MONITORING INFUS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN JARINGAN WIRELESS
BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER“
Penyusunan skripsi ini dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi syarat dalam
memperoleh gelar sarjana di Jurusan Elektro Fakultas Teknik Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Dengan ini penulis menyampaikan rasa hormat dan terima kasih
sebanyak banyaknya kepada semua pihak yang meluangkan waktu, tenaga,
dan pikiran bagi kelancaran penulisan skripsi ini. Dengan tulus dan hormat
penulis haturkan kepada :
1. Kedua Orang Tuaku, Kakakku, keluarga yang telah memberikan
do’a dan dukungan, motivasi, kasih sayang dan materi.
2. Ibu Nur Alif Mardiyah,MT selaku Ketua Jurusan Elektro Fakultas
Teknik Universitas Muhamadiyah Malang
3. Bapak Machmud Effendy, ST, MEng selaku Wakil Jurusan Elektro
Fakultas Teknik Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
4. Bapak Dr. Ir. Ermanu Azizil Hakim,MT selaku Dosen Wali Elektro
2010.
5. Bapak Ir. Nurhadi,MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing I.
6. Bapak M. Chasrun Hasani, ST., MT selaku Dosen Pembimbing II.
7. Teman seperjuangaku angkatan 2010.
8. Teman Kontrakan yang selalu meramaikan suasana.
9. Pacarku Cantik yang selalu mengangguku dengan memberikan semangat.
10. Mas tukang solder beserta krew nya yang membantu menyelesaikan
hardwarenya.
viii
11. Semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyelesaian dan
penyusunan tugas akhir ini.
Penulis menyadari akan adanya kekurangan-kekurangan baik penyusunan
maupun pembahasan masalah dalam laporan ini karena keterbatasan
pengetahuan penulis. Sehingga penulis selalu mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang
membangun dari semua pihak guna perbaikan dalam penyusunan laporan
dimasa yang akan datang.
Besar harapan penulis bahwa laporan tugas akhir ini dapat memberikan
manfaat bagi seluruh pembaca khususnya Mahasiswa Jurusan Elektro
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang serta kemajuan IPTEK khususnya pada
Elektronika Medika.
Malang,28 November 2015
Penulis
viii
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................ i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................. ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................................................. iii
LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .............................................................................. iv
ABSTRAKSI ...................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... vi
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................ 1
1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................................ 2
1.3 Batasan Masalah........................................................................................... 2
1.4 Tujuan .......................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Metode Penulisan ......................................................................................... 3
1.6 Sistematika Penulisan .................................................................................. 4
BAB II Landasan Teori ................................................................................... 5
2.1 Pengertian Infus ........................................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Teori Dasar Infus Intravena ................................................................ 6
2.1.2 Jenis Cairan Infus ................................................................................ 6
2.2. Sistem Wireless ............................................................................................ 8
2.2.1 Aplikasi Telekonikasi Nirkabel .......................................................... 9
2.2.2 WLAN(wireless Local Area Network) ............................................... 11
2.2.3 Wizfi220 .............................................................................................. 13
2.3 Dioda infra merah ...................................................................................... 14
2.4 Photodioda ................................................................................................. 15
ix
2.5 OP-AMP(Operational Amplifier) ............................................................... 16
2.6 Timer 555 .................................................................................................... 16
2.6.1 Mostable Circuit .................................................................................. 17
2.6.2 Bistable Circuit ................................................................................... 18
2.6.3 Astable Circuit .................................................................................... 19
2.7 Mikrokontroler ATMEGA16 ....................................................................... 19
2.7.1 Konfigurasi pin-pin ATMEGA16 ...................................................... 20
2.7.2 Timer dan Counter pada AVR ........................................................... 25
2.8 Bahasa pemograman bascom AVR .............................................................. 28
2.8.1 Karakter Dalam BASCOM ................................................................ 28
2.8.2 Tipe Data ............................................................................................ 29
2.8.3 Variabel .............................................................................................. 30
2.8.4 Alias ................................................................................................... 31
2.8.5 Konstanta ........................................................................................... 31
2.8.6 Aray .................................................................................................... 32
2.8.7 Operasi-operasi Dalam BASCOM ..................................................... 33
2.8.8 Pipa kapiler......................................................................................... 35
BAB III PERANCANGAN SISTEM ............................................................ 35
3.1 Umum ......................................................................................................... 35
3.2 Perencanaan Hardware ............................................................................... 35
3.2.1 Block Diagram Sistem ....................................................................... 35
3.2.2 Perencanaan sensor infus dengan Photodiode ................................... 36
3.2.3 Perancangan Tombol Emergency ...................................................... 37
3.2.4 Perancangan Modul WIFI menggunakan Wizfi220 .......................... 38
3.2.5 Perancangan rangkian Driver Buzzer ................................................ 39
3.2.6 Perancangan LED Indikator ............................................................... 43
3.2.7 Perancangan Mikrokontroler ATMEGA16 ....................................... 44
3.3 Perancangan Software ................................................................................ 45
3.3.1 Perangkat lunak .................................................................................. 45
3.3.2 Flowchart ........................................................................................... 46
x
BAB IV PENGUJIAN ...................................................................................... 48
4.1 Pengujian Input Output ................................................................................ 48
4.1.1 Tujuan Pengukuran ........................................................................... 48
4.1.2 Peralatan yang digunakan .................................................................. 48
4.1.3 Langkah-langkah pengukuran ............................................................ 48
4.1.4 Pengujian Rangkian Input Output ...................................................... 48
4.1.5 Hasil Pengukuran ............................................................................... 49
4.1.6 Analisa ............................................................................................... 50
4.2 Pengujian sensor infus(Photodiode) ............................................................ 50
4.2.1 Tujuan Pengukuran ............................................................................ 50
4.2.2 Peralatan yang digunakan .................................................................. 50
4.2.3 Langkah-langkah pengukuran ............................................................ 50
4.2.4 Diagram Rangkian pengujian............................................................. 50
4.2.5 Data Hasil Pengukuran ...................................................................... 51
4.2.6 Analisa ............................................................................................... 51
4.3 Pengujian Buzzer ......................................................................................... 52
4.3.1 Tujuan ................................................................................................ 52
4.3.2 Peralatan yang digunakan .................................................................. 52
4.3.3 Langkah pengujian ............................................................................. 52
4.3.4 Pengujian Rangkian ........................................................................... 52
4.3.5 Hasil Pengujian .................................................................................. 52
4.3.6 Analisa ............................................................................................... 53
4.4 Pengujian Modul Wifi .................................................................................. 53
4.4.1 Tujuan ................................................................................................ 53
4.4.2 Alat dan Bahan ................................................................................... 53
4.4.3 Prosedur Pengujian ............................................................................ 53
4.4.4 Data Hasil Pengujian .......................................................................... 57
4.4.5 Analisa .............................................................................................. 59
4.5 Pengujian Keseluruhan................................................................................. 59
4.5.1 Tujuan ................................................................................................ 59
4.5.2 Peralatan yang digunakan ................................................................. 59
4.5.3 Prosedur yang digunakan ................................................................... 60
xi
4.5.4 Hasil Pengujian .................................................................................. 60
4.5.5 Analisa ............................................................................................... 62
4.5.6 Pengujian Koversi Satuan Tetes/menit............................................... 62
BAB V PENUTUP ........................................................................................... 65
5.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 65
5.2 Saran ............................................................................................................. 65
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
LAMPIRAN
xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Komponen – komponen sistem infus .......................................... . 5
Gambar 2.2 Jaringan Wireless ........................................................................ . 9
Gambar 2.3 Aplikasi Wireless LAN ...............................................................11
Gambar 2.4 Susunan paket protokol IEE802.11a ..................................... .......12
Gambar 2.5 Susunan paket protokol IEE802.11n ..................................... ......13
Gambar 2.6 Blok diagram Wizfi220 ......................................................... .. ....13
Gambar 2.7 Bentuk fisik modul Wizfi220 ................................................ ... ...14
Gambar 2.8 Diode Led infrared ................................................................ .......15
Gambar 2.9 Hubungan keluaran Photodioda dengan intensitas cahaya ... .......15
Gambar 2.10 Ic Op-Amp............................................................................. .......16
Gambar 2.11 Rangkian monostable ............................................................ .......17
Gambar 2.12 Karateristik monostable......................................................... ...... 17
Gambar 2.13 Karateristik ouput bistable .................................................... .......18
Gambar 2.14 Kararteristik ouput astable .................................................... .......19
Gambar 2.16 Konfigurasi Pin AVR ATMEGA16 ...................................... .......21
Gambar 2.18 Blok diagram peneriman UART ........................................... .......25
Gambar 2.19 Register TCCR0 .................................................................... .......26
Gambar 2.20 Regiter TCCR0 ...................................................................... .......26
Gambar 2.21 Regiter TCCR1A ................................................................... .......27
Gambar 2.22 Register TCCR1A ................................................................. .......27
Gambar 2.23 Pipa Kapiler ..................................................................................34
Gambar 3.1 Block Diagram............................................................................. 35
Gambar 3.2 Rangkian sensor Photodioda ...................................................... 36
Gambar 3.3 Rangkian Tombol emergency...................................................... 38
Gambar 3.4 Rangkian Wizfi220 ...................................................................... 39
Gambar 3.5 Rangkian Driver Buzzer ......................................................... .... 40
Gambar 3.6 Rangkian LED indikator.............................................................. 43
Gambar 3.7 Rangkian minimum sistem ATMEGA16......................................44
Gambar 3.8 Flowchart sensor ........................................................................ 45
xiii
Gambar 3.9 Flowchart wizfi .......................................................................... 46
Gambar 4.1 Rangkian pengujian input output menggunakan LED ............... 48
Gambar 4.2 Pengujian input output .............................................................. 49
Gambar 4.3 Rangkian sensor infus ................................................................. 50
Gambar 4.4 Hasil pengujian rangkian ............................................................. 51
Gambar 4.5 Rangkian pengujian driver buzzer............................................... 52
Gambar 4.6 Diagram pengujian rangkian modul WIFI ................................. 54
Gambar 4.7 Hasil deteksi WIFI ...................................................................... 58
Gambar 4.8 Hasil masukan pasword WIFI ..................................................... 58
Gambar 4.9 Hasil pengujian WIFI Conect ..................................................... 58
Gambar 4.10 Hasil pengujian komunikasi data WIFI via delphi ...................... 59
Gambar 4.11 Hasil pengujian monitoring infus ................................................. 60
Gambar 4.12 Hasil pengujian monitoring infus ................................................. 61
Gambar 4.13 Hasil pengujian monitoring saat infus hampir habis .................... 61
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Fungsi khusus port B ....................................................................... 22
Tabel 2.2 Fungsi khusus port C ....................................................................... 22
Tabel 2.3 Fungsi khusus port D ....................................................................... 23
Tabel 2.4 Register Addreas ............................................................................. 24
Tabel 2.5 Seting Prescale ................................................................................. 25
Tabel 2.6 Seting Mode Compare1 .................................................................... 27
Tabel 2.7 Seting Mode PWM ........................................................................... 27
Tabel 2.8 Karakter dalam bascom......................................................................29
Tabel 2.9 Tipe data pada bascom........................................................................29
Tabel 2.10 Operator Relasi..................................................................................33
Tabel 4.1 Nilai clock mikrokontroler dan timer.................................................63
Tabel 4.2 Nilai eror clock mikrokontroler...........................................................63
Tabel 4.3 Nilai kecepatan tetesan dan perhitungan manual................................64
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Anonim,”Atmel Mikrokontroler ATMega16”http://www.Atmel.com (Mikrokontroler
ATMega16).25juli2012.
Asmadi. (2008). Teknik Prosedural Keperawatan Konsep dan Aplikasi Kebutuhan Dasar
Klien. Jakarta : Salemba Medika.
Andrianto, Heri, pemrograman mikrokontroler AVR ATMega 16, Informatika.
Bandiyah, Siti. 2011. Keterampilan Dasar Praktik Klinik Keperawatan Dan Kebidanan.
Yogyakarta : Nuha Medika
Bishop, owen.2004.Dasar-dasar Elektronika.Jakarta : Erlangga
Fungsi Switch pada Jaringan Komputer. http://blogging.co.id/fungsi-switch-pada-
jaringan. Diakses pada tanggal 2 Februari 2014.
Wahana Komputer.2007. Teknik Antar Muka Mikrokontroler dengan Komputer
Berbasis Delphi. Jakarta Salemba Infotek.
Pengertian VLAN. http://blograkata.blogspot.com/2012/03/pengertian-vlan.html. Diakses
pada tanggal 2 Maret 2014.