Periodic TablePeriodic Table

States of Matter of Elements at Room Temperature

blue = gases

yellow = solids

red = liquids

Classification of Elements

blue = metals

red = metalloids

yellow = non metals

Group / Family Names

Chemical Symbols

• Symbols commonly missed:– A: Al, Ar, As, Au, Ag– B: Ba, Bi, B, Br, Be– C: C, Ca, Cd, Cl, Cr, Co, Cs, Cu.– M: Mg, Mn, Mo.– S: S, Sb, Si, Sr, Sn.– Latin: Fe, Au, Ag, Sb, Pb, Na, K, Hg, Cu.– German: W

Symbols and Name Origins for Some Elements

Name Symbol Origin

Sodium Na Natrium (Latin)

Potassium K Kallium (Latin

Antimony Sb Stibium (Latin)

Copper Cu Cuprum (Latin)

Gold Au Aurum (Latin)

Silver Ag Argentum (Latin)

Lead Pb Plumbum (Latin)

Iron Fe Ferrum (Latin)

Tin Sn Stannum (Latin)

Mercury Hg Hydrargyrum (Greek)

Tungsten W Wolfram (German)

Physical Properties of Metals

• Metals are:– Efficient conductors of heat and electricity.– Malleable (Can be hammered into thin sheets).– Ductile (Can be pulled into wires).– Lustrous (shiny). – Tend to lose electrons and form cations.

• Examples are: Na, Cu, Au, Ag, & Fe.

Metalloids

• Substances with the properties of both metals and nonmetals.

• Also called semimetals• Lie along the zigzag line between metals and

nonmetals• The seven metalloids are:

– B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At.

Physical Properties of Nonmetals

• Nonmetals are:– Nonconductors of heat and electricity (insulators).– Not malleable, but are brittle.– Not ductile.– Dull and without a luster.– Tend to gain electrons to form anions.

• Examples are: H, He, N, O, S, & P.