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BUKU AJAR MATERIAL POLIMER DAN KOMPOSIT
PERKULIAHAN 1JURUSAN TEKNIK MATERIAL DAN METALURGI
FAKULTAS TEKNOLOGI INDUSTRIINSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER (ITS) SURABAYA
2010
Dr. Eng. Hosta Ardhyananta, S.T., M.Sc.NIP. 19801207 2005 01 1 004
PERKENALAN Dosen Mahasiswa
KONTRAK KULIAH Peraturan Kelas Kelulusan Tujuan Pembelajaran / Kompetensi Pustaka / Sumber Belajar Rencana Pembelajaran / Pokok Bahasan Kuliah ini menggunakan metode pembelajaran Student
Centred Learning (SCL): Mahasiswa sebagaiPusat/Pelaku Pembelajaran, pembelajaran secara dialog interaktif, media pembelajaran menggunakan teknologiinformasi dan komputer (information and computer technology)
Metode Pembelajaran: Ulang-Ulik (Tinjauan berulang-ulang materi perkuliahan dan membahasnya kembalisekaligus mengaitkan dengan ilmu lain)
PERATURAN KELAS Peraturan Akademik ITS Etika : Baju, Sepatu, Buku Catatan Kuliah,
Kehadiran, Keterlambatan. Bahasa Pengantar: Bahasa Inggris
KELULUSAN
10Kerja mandiri
Bobot (%)Jenis Penilaian
25Tugas dan Presentasi 2
25Evaluasi Akhir Semester
25Evaluasi Tengah Semester
15Tugas dan Presentasi 1
BobotHurufAngka
1,0D40-55
3,5AB71-79
2,5BC61-643,0B65-70
2,0C56-60
4,0A80-100
E 00-39
Nilai
Lulus 4 tahun (8 semester) Lulus Cum Laude Penilaian dan tugas
Tujuan Pembelajaran: Mahasiswa memahami jenis-jenis, sifat fisik dan
mekanik polimer Mahasiswa mampu menganalisis komposit
(matriks dan penguat) dan sifat mekanikkomposit.
Kompetensi: Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan konsep dasar,
struktur, sifat-sifat dan klasifikasi polimer. Mahasiswa mampu menghitung batas dan
kriteria komposit Mahasiswa mampu menganalisis, merancang
komposit lamina dan laminat.
RENCANA PEMBELAJARAN Sifat-sifat polimer Konsep komposit polimer. Matriks, fiber dan komposit. Modifikasi laminat dan mekanika makro
laminat. Strength of laminat, fatigue dan fracture
laminat, kriteria kegagalan laminat.
SUMBER BELAJARPustaka Utama Fred W Billmeyer, Jr, Textbook of Polymer Science,
John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1971.Pustaka Penunjang Robert M Jones, Mechanics of Composites Materials,
Mc Graw Hill Book Company, New York. Ger Challa, Polymer Chemistry An Introduction, Ellis
Horwood, New York. John McMurry, Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry,
Thomson Learning, California, 2003. Joel R Fried, Polymer Science and Technology,
Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1995 Jurnal: www.sciencedirect.com Dan lain-lain
JURNAL INTERNASIONAL/ TULISAN ILMIAH/
JURNAL PENELITIAN
Example: Polymer, 50 (2009) 5959-5969Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
POLYMER(POLIMER)
BASIC CONCEPTS OF POLYMER SCIENCE Plastics, fibers, elastomers, rubber, wool, cellulose, etc Polymer is a large molecule built up by the repetition of
small, simple chemical units (repeat unit).monomermonomer
dimerdimer
trimertrimer polymerpolymer
Schematic ilustrationUntuk Pemahaman : perhatikan struktur/susunan pada karet gelang
The repeat unit is equivalent to monomer or starting material Length of polymer chain is number of repeat units in the chain, which is called degree of polymerization (DP).
Molecular weight of polymer is product of molecular weight of repeat unit and DP.
Molecular weight of useful plastics, rubbers or fibers is in between 10.000 and 1.000.000
Properties of polymer depend on its molecule size.
To understand the basic concept of polymer, we observe the synthesis of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)
Question : explain the synthesis of PVC and calculate the molecular weight of the polymer with DP = 1000?
Answer:1. Monomer:
chemical structure: CH2=CHClmolecular weight (Mw) = 63
2. Polymer: Chemical structure: -(CH2-CHCl)-nMw = 63 x 1000 = 63.000
3. Addition polymerization
Some example of polymers : polyethylene, poly(vinylchloride), polystyrene, polycaprolactam (6-nylon), polyisoprene (natural rubber)
Carefully pay attention to the chemical structure of polymer, monomer and the repeat unit and MEMORIZED it. START WITH PE structure
Look at the difference of chemical structure of polyethylene (PE) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) : only replacing hydrogen with chlor
H C C H( )n
H H
H H
H C C H( )n
H H
H Cl
Table 1. Some Linear High Polymers, Their Monomers, and Their Repeat Units
CH2 CH2
CH2 CH CH2 CH HH ( )n
H CH2 CH2 H( )n
NH (CH2)5 HH ( )nC
O
NH (CH2)5 OHH C
O
CH2 CH C CH2
CH3
CH2 CH C CH2
CH3
( )n
HH
CAN YOU RECOGNIZE !?
Polymerization processes The processes of polymerization were divided by Flory
(1953) and Carothers (Mark 1940) into two groups which are condensation and addition polymerization, or in more precise terminology, step-reaction and chain-reaction polymerization
Condensation or step-reaction polymerization is condensation reaction between two polyfunctionalmolecules with elimination of small molecule such as water, etc.
Addition or chain-reaction polymerization is chain reaction of between monomers, vinyl monomer. Chain carrier may be an ion or a reactive substance with unpaired electron called free radical. A free radical is formed by decomposition of unstable material called initiator.
Homochain polymers is polymer contain only carbon atoms in the main chain.
Heterochain polymer is polymer contain not only carbon atoms.
Polymer structure term
H C C H( )n
H H
H Cl
main chain / backbone
side group / pendant group
end group
Drawing polymer structure using Chem Draw software program
For understanding: read and explain of polymer journal below
Molecular weight and its distribution Length of chain is determined by random event In step reactions, the chain length is determined by local
availability of reactive groups at the ends of the growing chains
In radical polymerization, chain length is determined by the time of the growing chain
Polymeric product contains molecules having many different chain lengths (distribution of molecular weights)
The distribution can be illustrated by plotting the amount of polymer against molecular weight
Through knowledge of Avogadros number, the information leads to number-average molecular weight*, lies near the peak.
The next higher average molecular weight that can be measured by absolute methods is the weight-average molecular weight**
There is N molecule
Branched and Network Polymers Molecule of polymer could be linear-chain, branched
chain, or crosslinked or network structure Branch chain is as a result of side reactions during
polymerization Crosslinked structure is formed as in the use of
monomers containing more than two reactive groups. For example, glycerol is substituted for ethylene glycol in the reaction with dibasic acid
In commercial practice, we know thermosetting resins and thermoplastic
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of branched and network polymers
To understand the structure of polymers : explain the schematic illustration of polymer structure below
?
?
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