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Perl & XML

Jason Mclntosh & Erik T. Ray

O REILLY 5

Beijing Cambridge Farn nam Koln Paris Sebaslopol Taipei Tokyo

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2 0 0 3

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96 Perl & XML. / . , . . .: ,2003. 208 : .

ISBN 5 94723 482 3 XML

Perl. XML , XML , (DOM), , Perl . . , Perl.

32.973 018 681.3.06

, , , . , , , .

2002 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.ISBN 0 596 00205 (.) , , 2003ISBN 5 94723 482 3 , ,

, 2003

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1. Perl XML 14

2. 1_ 25

3. XML: 49

4. 85

5. SAX 97

. 127

7. (DOM) 140

8. : XPath, XSLT

154

9. RSS, SOAP XML 170

10. 186

205

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1. Perl XML 14 Perl XML? 14XML , 15 XML 19 20 21

21 XML 21 XML 22

XML 22 23 23 23 23 23 24

2. L 25 XML: 26, 30

32 33 34 , Unicode 37 XML 38

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38XML : 40

41 43

45 45

3. XML: 49 XML 50

( ): 53

XML::Parser 57: , 59 61

: 63 65 XML::LibXML 68 XML::XPath 70 72

DTD 72 74 XML::Writer 75

, 78 79

Unicode, Perl XML 79 Unicode 80 81 82

4. 85 85 86 88 88

XML::PYX 89 XML::Parser 91

5. SAX 97 SAX 98DTD 103 106 , XML 108

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8

110

XML::Handler::YAWriter 112

XML::SAX XML::SAX::ParserFactory 114 SAX2 116 SAX2 121 122 125

6. 127 XML 127

XML::Simple 129

XML::Parser 131 XML::SimpleObject 133

XML::TreeBuilder 135

XML::Grove 137

7. (DOM) 140DOM Perl 140

DOM 141 Document 141 DocumentFragment 142 DocumentType 142 Node 143 NodeList 144 NamedNodeMap 144 CharacterData 145 Element 145 Attr 146 Text 147 CDATASection 147

Processinglnstruction 147 Comment 147 EntityReference 147 Entity 148 Notation 148

XML::DOM 148 XML: :LibXML 151

8. : XPath, XSLT 154

154

XPath 157

XSLT 164

167

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9

9. RSS, SOAP XML 170 XML 170

XML::RSS 171 RSS 172 XML::RSS 172 176: 177 179

XML 179 XML::Generator::DBI 180 DBI SAX 181

SOAP::Lite 182

: 183 : ISBN 184

10. 186 Perl XML 186 189

XML::ComicsML 190 XSLT: XML HTML 194

: Apache::DocBook 196

202

205

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< t i t l e > T h e B l a t h e r i n g B r a i n s < / t i t l e >

< t i t l e > A t t h e B a z a a r < / t i t l e > What a fantastic day it was. The crates were stacked

high with imported goods: dates, bananas, dried meats,f ine si lks, and more things than I could imagine. As I wa lke d around, s avo rin g the f rag ranc es of cinnamon andcardamom, I almost didn't notice a small booth with al i t t l e man s e l l i n g b r a i n s . < / p a r a >

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XML 51

. . , XML :

; ;

; , ( )

; . XML ,

.

: , , . (, , ). , , L .

, . . , XML

. . , DTD . URL . , ,

, , .

. XML , . ( , , URL ), . , .

. , , , XML .

, . , .

. XML

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52 3 XML:

. , , , . , XML . < decree > , . 'now" , . .

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XML 53

. , . :

:

, , ;

, XML. , , , ;

. ,

, , .

( ):

XML , .

, !'] . , . , .

. , XML . , Perl ( ) , , Perl ,

. XML, .

, , , ! Perl XML, , . , ( ). , XML Perl .

, XML , . , , ..

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XML 55

if( Stext =~ /\]\]>/ ) {$text = $';

} else {return;

# .} elsif( $text =~ m| A&\?$ident\s*[ \?]+\?> | ) {

Stext = $' ;

# # ( , ).} elsif( $text =~ m| A\s+| ) {

Stext = $' ;

# .} elsif( $text =~ /( [ &&>]+)/ ) {

my $data = $1;# ,return if( $data =~ /\S/ and not( elements )) ;Stext = $';

# .} elsif( Stext =~ / A&Sident;+/ ) {

Stext = $' ;

# .} else {

return;

return if( elements ); # return 1;

}

Perl ( ) 1. , . , push () POP () . , (last in, first out, L I F O ) . , , . ,

, . , , , . ,

( ) .

, XML , . , . , , ,

1 . Perl ( ).

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56 3 XML:

... . XML .

, ., , . . , , ; , , ,

. , , :

( : "1 2f , " " " " . . " ) ;

, , : ;

; (/)

; (&)

(

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XML::Parser 57

, DTD, , .

, , .

, . , . ? , , . , . , .

, ( , , ). , . , :

. , ;

DTD, ;

. .

, . , !

, XML , . , , , . ,

, , .

XML::Parser . , , .

, . , XML . , Perl XML,

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58 3 XML:

, .

Perl

? : Perl (Comprehensive Perl Archive Network,CPAN). Perl , . CPAN, .

, Perl XML, .

CPAN , , XML . , , .

XML , RSS SOAP. . , , . XML , . .

XML ., ,

XML . , , . , ,

. , . , Perl

, SAX D O M . XML : .'Parser XML ,

Perl. ,

. , , , , . , L : : Parser API . , . ,

, . , , Perl XML, XML: : Parser.

2001 , . . XML: : Parser, .

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XML::Parser 59

XML (JamesClark), , XML Expat 1. ,

, XML Perl. (Larry Wall) API

, XML : : Parser : : Expat. , XML : : Parser. .

(Clark Cooper) XML : : Parser XML .

XML : : Parser .

, Perl. XML , . , XML , Perl, ,

. , Expat. , Perl, ( ] Perl, XS 2, ), XML: : Parser Expat.

: XML: : Parser . , , XML: :Parser, 3.2.

3.2. , XML::Parser

use XML::Parser;my $xmlfile = shift (SARGV; # # ,my Sparser = XML::Parser >new( ErrorContext => 2 );eval { $parser >parsefi le( Sxmlfile ); };# , # , .if( $@ ) {

$@ =~ s/at \/.*?$//s; # ,print STDERR \nERR0R in "$file":\n$@\n;

1 XML. W3C, . web http://www.jclark.com/. XSLT XPath. ]) nai 'mi web

http://www.w3.org/.2 perlxs.

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6 0 3 XML:

} else {print STDERR "$file" is well formed\n;

> .

XML: : Parser, . , , . . , Expat. .

eval p a r s e f i l e Q . , XML: : Parser

, . eval , . . $@. , , .

ErrorContex t => 2. XML: : Parser , . , Expat.

, , , . , , ,

, . ,

( xwf, , XML well formedness ( X M L ) ) :

$ xwf ch0l.xmlERROR in ' chOl .xml ' :not well formed (invalid token) at line 66, column 22, byte 2354:Lions , Tigers & Bears

, . . , .

. , . , s () . NoExpand => 1, . , , .

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XML::Parser 61

, , XML . , . .

XML: : Parser , . XML . . , , . ,] , . , style. :

(debug) STDOUT, ( ). pa r se () ;

(tree)

, . , ;

(object) , , . , , , XML ;

(subs) . , .

, . pkg. , , foobyO . , _fooby(), . , , . ;

(stream) Subs,

, XML , , . , , . ( , ),

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62 3 XML:

. Hand lers se tHand le r sO;

# (Custom) XML: :Parser . API , . , XML: : Parser: :PerlSAX SAX.

3.3 , XML:: Parser. Style Tree. , XML . "

. 3.3. XML

use XML::Parser ;# .Sparser = new XML::Parser( Style => "Tree" );my S t r e e = $ p a r s e r > p a r s e f i l e ( s h i f t @ARGV );

# ,use D a t a : : P u m p e r ;p r i n t Dumper( $ t r e e ) ;

lipii p a r s e f i l e O , , . Data: : Dumper , . 3.4 .

3.4. XML

Courier9

Times New Roman14

Helvetica16

( ):

Stree = ['preferences ' , [

{}, 0. '\n' ,'font' , [

{ 'role' => 'console' }, 0, '\',

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: 63

'size' , [ {}, 6, '9' ], 0, '\' ,'fname', [ {>, 0, 'Courier' ], 0, '\n'

], 0, '\n' ,'font' , [

{ 'role' => 'default' }, 0, '\n','fname', [ {}, 0, 'Times New Roman' ], 0, '\n','size' , [ {} , 0, '14' ] , 0, '\n'

], 0, '\n' ,'font' , [

{ 'role' => 'titles' } , 0, '\n' ,'size' , [ {}, 0, '10' ] , 0, ' \n' ,'fname', [ {}, 0, 'Helvetica' ], 0, '\n',

] , 0, '\n' ,

, , . , , XML. 4 XML : : Parser, 6 .

:

, Perl: ? XML. , , . , . , . .

XML . : . , , XML . , XML . . . ,

, , , XML . , . , .

, .

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64 3 XML:

, .

, , , . , , , . , XML . , Perl , , . , ,

. , .

, ?

. . . , , . , , . , , , , . .

, .

, . , . , , , . . , , .

, , , , .

. , , , . , , , . XML :: Parser .

XML XML . , . XML , .

, . . 4 , , . 6

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65

. 8 , .

. . , ( 3.3). . XML ,

. , , , XML.

XML: : Parser ( Expat). Expat , . XML , , , , , , , . .

, . , . Handlers . 3.5. 3.5. XML ,

use XML::Parser;# .

my Sparser = XML::Parser >new( Handlers =>{

Start=>\&handle_start,End=>\&handle_end.

} ) ;$parser >parsefile( shift @ARGV );my @element_stack; # .

# : # .#sub nandle_start {

my( $expat, Selement, %attrs ) = @_;# expat ,my Sline = $expat >current_line;

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print "I see an Selement element starting on line $line!\n";# # .push( @element_stack, { element=>$element, line=>$line }) :

if( %attrs ) {print "It has these attributes: \n" ;while( my( $key, lvalue ) = each( %attrs )) {

print "\t$key => $value\n";

# .#sub handle_end {

my( $expat, Selement ) = @_;

# ,# , # , # XML::Parser " " # , my $element_record = pop( @element_stack );print "I see that Selement element that started on line ",

$$element_record{ line }, " is closing now.\n";}

, , . , h a n d l e _ s t a r t ( )

handle_end() , new(). parse() . , , , . , ,

. ,

$expat. L : :Parse r : : Expat, Expat.

, (, ).

. ?

, 1.1:

I see a spam document element starting on line 1!It has these attributes:

version => 3.5timestamp => 2002 05 13 15:33:45

I see a customer element starting on line 3!I see a first name element starting on line 4!I see that the fi rst name element that started online4 is closing now.I see a surname element starting on line 5!

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67

I see that the surname element t ha t s ta rt ed on l i n e 5 is c lo si ng now.1 see a address element starting on line 6!I see a street element starting on line 7!I see tha t the st re et element that s ta rte d on li ne 7 is c losi ng now.I see a city element starting on line 8!I see that tiie city element that started on line 8 is closing now.I see a state element starting on line 9!I see that the state element that started on line 9 is closing now.I see a zip element starting on line 10!I see that the zip element that started on line 10 is closing now.1 see that the address element that sta rted on l in e 6 is cl os in g now.I see a email element starting on line 12!I see that the email element that s ta rt ed on l ine 12 is c lo si ng now.I see a age element starting on line 13!I see that the age element that started on line 13 is closing now.I see that the customer element that sta rted on l in e 3 is cl os ing now.

[ . .. snipping other customers for bre vi ty 's sake . . . ]I see that the spam document element that st art ed on line 1 i s clo sing now. .

. , , XML : : Parser : : Expat. , , . . ,

. . ,

, . . .

, Simple API, XML (SAX).

, . , W3C. . . , . , ( , XML : : SAX , ). XML ( , ' ). SAX Perl,

!! . . SAX ( PcrlSAX) 5.

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6 8 3 XML:

XML::LibXML XML: :LibXML, XML: : Parser, . GNOME 1 1 i bxml 2. XML: :Parser, , XML . (Document Object Model, DOM).

DOM XML . , SAX . , . DOM 7.

. , . , . . , , 3.5. .

3.(3.

, . DOM, . , , .

3.6. use XML::Li bXML ;use 10::Handle ;# ,my Sparser = new XML::LibXML;

# ,my $fh = new 10::Handle;if( $fh >fdopen( fileno( STDIN ), "r" )) {

my $doc = $parser >parse_fh( $fh );my d i s t;&proc_node( $doc >getDocumentElement. \%dist );foreach my $item ( sort keys %dist ) {

print "$item: ", $dist{ Sitem }, "\n";}$fh >close;

}# XML : .

' web http://www.libxml.org/.

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XML:LibXML 69

# # .#sub proc_node {

my( $node, $dist ) = @_;return unless( $node >nodeType eq &XML_ELEMENT_NODE );$dist >{ $node >nodeName } ++;foreach my $child ( $node >getChi "Idnodes ) {

&proc_node( Schild, $dist );

, , 10: : Handle. , ,

Perl , : ,

, , , , . , , . XML , .

XML , .

. , . . , proc_node(). , , . , XML , , : , , .

, (, ).

, getChi Idnodes (), . , .

, . . ,

. . , . , , . , XML DocBook:

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70 3 XML:

$ xfreq < ch03.xmlchapter: 1citetitle: 2fi rstterm : 16

footnote: 6foreignphrase: 2function: 10itemizedlist: 2list item: 21literal: 29note: 1orderedl1st: 1para: 77programlisting: 9replaceable: 1screen: 1section: 6sgmltag: 8simplesect: 1systemitem: 2term: 6title: 7vari ableli st: 1varli stentry : 6xref : 2

, . , .

XML::XPath , . . , . . , , .

XPath. XML 1.

, . . XPalh 8, , Unix. , !) .

XML : : XPath, (Mat t Sergeant) , , XML: :Parser.

XPath , ,

http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath/.

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XML: :XPath 71

. ,

, ,

XML :

Bob Snob

123 Platypus LaneBurgopolis /city>FL12345

< >

, . 3.7 , XPath.

3.7. use XML::XPath;

my $*":le = 'customers.xml';my $xp = XML : : XPav.li >new(f lename= $f ile) ;

# XML::XPath ,# XML # Xpath : # , # , ,my $nodeset = $xp >find('//zip');

(Szipcodes; # if (my @nodelist = $nodeset >get jiodelist) {

# ! # XML::XPath::Mode::Element. # 'string value' , # .@zi pcodes = map($_ >stri ng__value , @nodelist);# zipcodes = sort(@zipcodes):

local $" = "\n";print "I found these zipcodes:\n@zipcodes\n" :

} else {print "The file $file didn't have any 'zip 1 elements in it!\n";

} , ,

, :I found these zipcodes:036421233382649

, . , .

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72 3 XML:

XPath. , .

8. XML : : LibXML f i n d n o d e sQ , XML: :XPath. Element , . 10.

XML . XML

. , , XML , . , , , . .

. ,

. . , DTD, .

, XML . DTD , XML (XHTML web , M a t hML

). .

, Perl XML , XML , .

, , .

XML, . .

DTD (Document type description, DTD) , , XML

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73

. , XML. , , . < ! : , ,

. 3.8 DTD.

3.8. DTD< ELEMENT memo (to, from, message)>< ENTITY % text only "(#PCDATA)*">< ELEMENT to %text only;>< ELEMENT from %text only;>< ELEMENT emphasis %text only;>< EN~ITY myname "Bartholomus Chiggin McNugget">

DTD , , , , , .

. :

< DOCTYPE memo SYSTEM "/dtdstuff/memo.dtd">

Sara Bellum&myname;Stop reading memos and get back to work

,

. . .

, DTD . , XML DTD. XML: : Li bXML . , , 3.9.

3.9. , use XML::Li bXML:use 10: .Handle;

# ,my Sparser = new XML::LibXML;

# ,my Sfh = new I0::Handle:if( $fh >fdopen( fUeno( STDIN ), "r " )) {

my $doc = $parser >parse_fh( $fh );if( $doc and $doc >is_valid ) {print "Yup, it's valid.\n";

> else {print "Yikes! Validity error.\n";

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74 3 XML:

$fh >c lose ;} ,

. , , (, , ). 1. XML.: : Checker, . . (. J. Mather). , .

DTD , , , . , , :] ? XML Schema. XML Schema DTD , , .

2 , XML Schema

( , ) XML , VV3C. !! , XML Schema .

XML Schema RelaxNG, OASIS Opcn (http://www.oasis open.org/committees/relaxng/), Scheinatron, (Rick jclliffe) (http://www.ascc.net/xml/resource/schematron/schematron.html). L Schema,

XML , XML , , ,

XML . Schematron , Perl , ( XML : : Schematron, ' (Kip H a m p t o n ) ) .

Scheinatron , Perl XML. , XML , Perl . ,

' . , ,n.sgmls. / web http://www.jdark.com. \\ eb , http://www.stg.brown.edu/service/xmlnalid. , XML DOCTY'PE. 1/RL, , .

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XML: :Writer 75

, XPath . , , ,

. , ( , XPath ). , Schematron, XSLT. XSLT. Perl XML : : Schematron

, , XSLT . XSLT .

Schematron , , , W3C. Perl , ,

( XML : :XPath). Perl , . , , , . Perl .

XML::Writer , , XML . , . , .

L . , , . , XML , , , . ? ? ? , , . .

XML : :Wri ter, (David Megginson), , XML . , XML . , , , XML . . 3.1.

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76 3 XML:

3.1 XML:. Writer

end ()

xmlDec l ( [$endod ing , S s t a n d a l o n e ] )

d o c t y p e ( $ n a m e , [ $ p u b l i c l d ,S s y s t e m I D ] )

c o m m e n t ( $ t e x t )p i ( $ t a r g e t [ , $ d a t a ] )startTag($name [, $anamel =>S v a l u e l , . . . ] )

emptyTag($name [, Sanamel =>$v a lu e l , . . . ] )

endTag([$name])

d a t a E l e m e n t ( $ n a m e , $data [,$aname => $ v a l u e l , ...] ) $aname =>$va lue l , . . . ] )

c h a r a c t e r s ( S d a t a )

(.. , ). UNSAFE,

XML . "1.0"

XML . , . , startTagO . , , . ,

XML . , 3.10 HTML . 3.10. HTML

use 10;my $output = new 10::File(">output.xml");

use XML::Writer;my $writer = new XML::Writer( OUTPUT => $output );

$wri er >xmlDecl($wri ter >doctype($wri er >comment($wri ter >pi( 'foo'$wri ter >startTag($wri ter >startTag($writer >startTag( '$writer >startTag( '$writer >characters($wri ter >endTag( ) ;$writer >endTag( ) ;$writer >dataElement($wri ter >endTag( ) ;$wri ter >endTag( );$writer >end( );

UTF 8' );html' ) ;My happy little HTML page'

' bar ' ) ;'html ' ) ;'body ' ) ;'hi' ) ;'font', 'color' => 'green'

"" );

) ;

"Ni ce to see you." )

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XML: :Writer 77

:

< DOCTYPE html>

Nice to see you .

. ,

(, , &) . . , , , wi t h i n_e lenient ("f oo"). ,

"f " .

. XML . NEWLINES t rue, . DATA_MODE, . DATA_MODE DATA_INDENT . ,

.

. XML: : Write

. , ( 3.11).

3. 11 . use XML::Wri ter;my $wr = new XML::Writer( DATA_MODE => 'true 1, DATA_INDENT => 2 );&as_xml( shift @ARGV );$wr >end;

# XML .#sub as__xml {

my $path = shift;return unless( e $path );

# , # .if( d Spath ) {

$wr >startTag( 'directory', name => Spath );

# # .my contents = ( );opendi r( DIR, $path );while( $item = readdir( DIR )) {

next if( Sitem eq '.' or $item eq '..' );push( contents, $item );

}closedir( DIR );

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78 3 XML:

# ,foreach my $item ( contents ) {

&as_xml( "$path/$item" );}

$wr >endTag( 'directory' );

# , # .} else {

$wr >emptyTag( 'file', name => $path );

]) ( DATA_M0DE DATA_INDENTc

):

$ ~/bin/dir /home/eray/xtools/XML DOM 1.25

< f i l e name="/home/eray/xtools/XML DOH l.25/t/astress,t" />< f i l e name="/home/eray/xtools/XML DOM 1.25/t/modify.t" !>

< f i l e name="/riome/eray/xtools/XML DOM 1.25/DOM.gif" />

< f i l e name="/home/eray/xtools/XML DOM 1.25/CheckAncestors.pm" />

, XML : : Wr i t e r , . , XML

. . , .

XML : :Wri ter .

, , , , XML .

, XML : : L i toS t r i ng () , . , , , API .

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79

. , .

, , , print Perl.

>> , , XML : :Wri ter. XML,

, . , print . 10.

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80 3 XML:

. , .

Unicode . , , , , . Unicode , .

Unicode , Unicode , .

Unicode , , , , Unicode. , 0x0041 ( ASCII ). , , , 0031 0263, . . , . .

Unicode. .

Unicode , UTF ( Unicode Transformation Format), , ( ) . : UTF 8, UTF 16 UTF 32. UTF 8 Perl .

UTF 8 UTF 8 Perl.

, . , UTF 8 XML : XML , UTF 8.

, UTF 8, , ( ). , 0x41, . 0263. . ,

, ,

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81

.

UTF 16 U T F 1 6 . , (

UTF 8) . , , ( ). .

Unicode 2.0 , 16 , , Unicode, Unicode UTF 16. , Save

As..., Unicode UTF 8, Unicode 3.2.

UTF 32 UTF 32 UTF 16, , , UTF 32 . , . . Unicode. UTF 32 Unicode, XML . , .

XML 21 ,

( , UTF 8 UTF 16). 150 8859 1 (ASCII 128 , ) S h i f t_J IS ( Microsoft ). Unicode, Unicode ( , ).

XML Perl . . , XML::Parser . ,

Expat , Unicode. , , XML: : E n c o d i n g (Clark Cooper). , , XML: : P ar se r , (XML ), , , Unicode.

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82 3 XML:

Unicode Perl XML, Perl Unicode , 1. , Unicode

Perl 5.6 . Perl, man perlunicode,

Unicode. Perl, . , , Perl XML Unicode, .

Perl, 5.6.1, Unicode. utf8 Perl UTF 8 . Perl UTF 8, ASCII . , , .

Perl 5.8 Unicode, UTF 8 . 5.8 Encode, Perl. Perl Unicode:

use Encode "from_to";from_to($data, "iso 8859 3". "utf 8"); # utf 8

, Perl 6 , Perl . , Unicode . , .

Perl 5.8 , .

, , .

iconv Text::Iconv , iconv , Windows Unix ( Mac OS X). , . Unix:

$ iconv f latinl t utfS my_file.txt > my_unicode_file.txt

iconv CPAN Perl Text: : Iconv, Perl API,

1 , , , , , Perl . .

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83

. .

Unicode: rString , Unicode: :String. . API , API. ,

. , , ' , , . 3.12 .

3.12. Unicode::String

use Uni c o d e : : S t r i ng :my $s trin g= "This sentenceexists in ASCII and UTF 8, but not UTF 16. Darn!\n";my $u = U n i c o d e : : S t r i n g > n e w ( $ s t r i n g ) ;# $u , .# 16

# , Perl # . !$ .= "\n\nOh. hey, it's Unicode all of a sudden. Hooray!!\n"

# UTF 16

#( UC52)print $u >ucs2;

# . nt $u >utf 8 :

, . , utf7 UTF 8.

, XML : : Parser Unicode. , , Unicode, UTF 8. , . XML: : P a rs e r , .

XML , , ,

(byte order mark, BOM).

. , Unicode UTF 16 UTF 32, ( UTF 8 ). , ( , ), , .

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84 3 XML:

Unicode , U+FEFF. Unicode, UTF 16 UTF 32 '. , , QxFE QxFF , , UTF 16. , , Unicode, U + FFFE. ( UTF 32 : 0x000x00 OxFEOxFFn QxFF 0xFE 0x00 0x00, .)

XML , , UTF 16 UTF 32, . , Unicode , . , , , . , , ,

. , :

open XML_FILE, Sfilename or die "Can't read $filename: $!";

my $bom; # # ,read XML_FILE, $bom, 2;

# # Perl, ord().my $ordl = ord(substr($bom,0,1));my $ord2 = ord(substr($bom,1,1));

if ($ordl == 0xFE && $ord2 == 0xFF) {# UTF 16 # !

# . . . ...

} elsif ($ordl == 0xFF && $ord2 == OxEF) {# 0, # UTF 16, .# , # .

} else {# .

}

, XML . ,

, XML .

' UTF 8 , . XML .

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, XML, , , XML .

. , . Simple API for XML (SAX).

. ( , ). , ,

. , . , , , .

, .

:

; ;

( ). , XML .

, , . , , ,

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86 4

. XML , .

XML , ; , XML. , , , , . , XML, . , , . XML , , ?

, , . XML , . , SGML , . . , ,

.

, ? ? , XML ( ). . , , . , , .

, ( ). XML .

, . , ,, . , . XML . . .

, . , , ,

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87

, , ( 4.1).

4. 1. XML

peanut butter and jelly sandwich

Gloppy brand peanut butterbreadjel 1

5pread peanutbutter on one slice of bread.Spread jelly on the other slice of bread.Put bread slices together, with peanut butter and

jelly touching.

:

( , );

; ; peanut butter and jelly sandwich;

;

add picture of sandwich here;

;

; Gloppy; t rade;

brand peanut butter*;

.

... , .

, . , . , , . , .. i f, ,

. ( XML: : Parser). , . .

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88 4

XML ,

, . . , , . , XML .

, L IIOTOK , . , . ,

. . , XML : , , . , .

, , . . XML . XML SAX. XML , Perl , . , . , SAX ,

. 5.

XML . :

, ., , . , ;

, ,

. , , , . ( ) ;

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XML::PYX 89

. ,

: , ; , . , ;

XML . , DocBook XML HTML. .

XML , . , , . . : , , 10 , 12 ?. , . . , : , 6.

, XML , , XML .

XML::PYX Perl API . CPAN, , . , . XML, , Perl .

XML Perl . , , , . , .

. , . XML : : PYX

. , , , , .

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90 4

, XML. , XML , .

PYX XML , , Perl. XM L , Unix (, avvk grep) . PYX ( Perl).

. 4.1 PYX .

4.1 PYX

( )

?

PYX , , . 4.1. . , Perl .

11 XML PYX , . XML :

< ! >< i t e m > t o o t h p a s t e < / i t e m >rocket e n g i n e < / i t e m >< i t e m o p t i o n a l = " y e s " > c a v i a r < / i t e m >

< / s h o p p i n g l i s t >

PYX :

(shoppingli st\n(i tern toothpaste

) i tern\n

(i emrocket engine

) i tem\n

(i temAoptional yes

cavi ar) i tem\n

) shoppi gli st

, PYX . , PYX ,

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XML:rParser 91

. , , CDATA. , . PYX, , .

(Matt Sergeant) , XML : : PYX, XML, PYX . XML ,

.

4.2. PYX use XML::PYX:

# PYX .my Sparser = XML::PYX::Parser >new;my $pyx;if (defined ( $ARGV[0] )) {

$pyx = $parser >parsefUe( $ARGV[0] );}

# .foreach( spli t ( / /, $pyx )) {

print $' if( / A / ) ;}

, PYX , XML , SAX D O M .

, , , , . , .

XML::Parser , CPAN, XML: : Pa r ser (

3.). . XML : : Parser ,

XML . , , . . HTML .

4.3. < l i s t> , (, ).

4.3.

ThadeusWrigley716 5O5 9910

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92 4

105 Marsupial CourtFairportNY14450

JillBaxter

818 S. Rengstorff Avenue94040MountainviewCA

217 302 5455

Riccardo

Preston707 Foobah DriveMudhutOR32777

lll 222 333

10 Jiminy l_aneScrapheepPA99001

Benn5alter611 328 7578

st>

. . , . , . (

, ). 4.4. , . . , , .

, XML. . . , .

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XML::Parser 93

. : , , . , , , .

4.4. # # ,use XML::Parser;my Sparser = XML::Parser >new( Handlers => {

Init => \&handle_doc_start,Final => \&handle_doc_end,Start => \&handle_elem_start,End => \&handle_elem_end,

Char => \&handle_char_data,} ) :## .#my $record; # .my $context;# .my %records;# .

## .#

my $file = shift @ARGV;if( $file ) {$parser >parsef i le( $f i "I e );

} else {my $input = "";while( ) { Sinput .= $__; }$parser >parse( $input );

}exi ;

###### .###

## HTML .#sub handle_doc_start {

print "addresses\n";print "addresses\n";

}## .#sub handle_elem_start {

my( Sexpat, Sname, %atts ) = @_;$context = Sname;$record = {} if( Sname eq 'entry' );

}# .

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94 4

#sub handle_char_data {

my( $expat. $text ) = @_;

# "" .$text =~ s/&/&/g;$text =~ s/{ Scontext } .= $text;}

## ,# ,sub handle_elem_end {

my( $expat, $name ) = @_;return unless( $name eq 'entry' );

my $fullname = $record >{'last'} . $record >{'first'};$records{ $fullname } = $record;

}

## , .#sub handle_doc_end {

print "\n":print "namephoneaddress\n";foreacn my $key ( sort( keys( %records ))) {

print "" . $records{ $key } >{ 'first' } . ' ';print $records{ $key } >{ 'last' } . "";print $records{ $key } >{ 'phone' } . "";print $records{ $key } >{ 'street' } . ' , ' ;print $records{ $key } >{ 'city' } . ' , ' ;print $records{ $key } >{ 'state' } . ' ';print $records{ $key } >{ 'zip' > . "\n" ;

}print "\n\n\n";

}

. , XML : : Parser,

expat. , (, ). . , , , , .

. ( ), , .

, . , .

handle_doc_ s t a r t .

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XML::Parser 95

. HTML , HTML , . .

, handle_elem_start, , . expat, : $name, , %atts . ( , . , @atts.) , .

, Scontext. , , . %record, , .

handle_char_ data , , , . , $text. , $record >{ Scontext }. , .

XML: :Parser , , '. , , . , .

, handle_elem_end , . ( ). , . , . , . . ( ). , HTML .

handle_doc_end, , . , , , .

1 Perl. XML . L ( ) .

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96 4

HTML , .

, , XML

. , . , , .

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SAX

XML:: Parser XML , Perl XML. , . , . , . , . XML: : Parser, . , .

, , . , . , . , , , .

XML , SAX. SAX XML DEV. (DavidMegginson) 1 . SAX 1 ( SAX1), , . , , CDATA. , SAX2, , XML .

1 web , SAX, http://www.saxproject.org.

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98 5 SAX

SAX . . XML Java, SAX . ,

( ). SAX Perl.

CPAN, , , . Perl , Java. .

Java , , a Perl . .

SAX Perl XML: : Parse : :PerlSAX (Ken McLeod). XML : : Parser, Expat, SAX .

SAX SAX , SAX . . 5.1 . SAX

, . , .

5.1 PerlSAX

s t a r t _ d o c u m e n tend_documents t a r t _ e "lenient

e n d _ e l e m e n t

c h a r a c t e r s

p r o c e s s i n g _i i n s t ruc t ioncomments t a r t _ c d a t a

end_cdatae n t i t y _ r e f e r e n c e

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Name,

At t r ibu te s , Name , Data ( ) Targe t , Data

Data CDATA ( )( )

CDATA ( ) Name, Value( , , )

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SAX 99

:

s t a r t _ e l e m e n t () end_element (),

; cha rac t er s ()

, (, , );

char acters ()( , );

, CDATA . ,

, . CDATA characters (), ;

s t a r t _c da t a ( ) end_cdat a() . , ,

, c h a r a c t e r s ( ) ;

en t i ty_ref erence () , . enti ty_ref erence (), .

. , , . :

XiVlL ; ; , < l i t e r a l > ,

.

5.1. , , , , MyHandler. , , ,

.

5. 1. .#use XML: . Parser: :PerlSAX;

my Sparser = XML::Parser::PerlSAX >new( Handler => MyHandler >new( ) );i f ( my $f i l e = sh i f t (a>ARGV ) {$parser >parse ( Source => {Systemld => $f i "Le} );

} else {my $input = "";

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100 5 SAX

while( ) { Sinput .= $_; }$parser>parse( Source => {String => Sinput} );

}exi ;

## .#my @element_stack; # .my $in_intset; # : ?###### .###package MyHandler;## .#sub new {

my Stype = shift;return bless {}, Stype;

}## :# .#sub start_element {

my( Sself, Sproperties ) = @_;# , %{Sproperties} # .# ,

# .output( "]>\n" ) if( $i n_i ntset );Sin_intset = 0;# , .push( @element_stack, $properties >{' Name'} );# , # .unless( stack_top( 'literal' ) and

stack_contains( 'programlisting' )) {output( "" ) ;

## : # .#sub end_element {

my( Sself, Sproperties ) = @_;outputC "" )

unless( stack_top( 'literal' ) andstack_contains( 'programlisting' )) ;pop( @element_stack );

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SAX 101

# , # .#sub characters {

my( Sself, $properties ) =

@_;# , # , # ,my Sdata = Sproperties >{'Data'};$data = s/\&/\&/;$data =~ s//\>/:output( Sdata );

}## : # .#sub comment {

my( Sself, $properties ) = @_;output( "" . $properties >{'Data'} . "" );

}## PI: #sub processi ng_i instruction {

# !}## # ( ) .#sub entity_reference {

my( Sself, $properties ) = @_;output( "&" . $properties >{'Name'} . ":" );

}sub stack_top {

my $guess = shift;return $element_stack[ $#element_stack ] eq Sguess;

}sub stack_contains {

my $guess = shift;foreach( @element_stack ) {

return 1 if( $_ eq Sguess );}return 0;

}sub output {

my Sstring = s h i f t ;print Sstring;

} , ,

$sel f, . . , , : , .

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1 0 2 5 SAX

, XML . , '.

, , . , . , ( ) , , .

. 5.2.

5.2. < DOCTYPE book

SYSTEM "/usr/local/prod/sgml/db.dtd"[

]>

GRXL in a Nutshell

What is GRXI_?

Yet another acronym. That was our attitude at first, but then we sawthe amazing uses of this new technology calledGRXL. Consider the following program:

AH aof {{{{{{ let x = 0 }}}}}}

print wowor not

What does it do? Who cares? It's just lovely to look at. In fact,I'd have to say, "&thingy;".

1

, di f f , . XML: : Semant icDi f f (Kip Hampton). ,

.

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DTD 1 0 3

, , 5.3.

5.3.

GRXL in a NutshelK/1 iU e>

What is GRXL? need a better title

Yet another acronym. That was our attitude at first, but then we sawthe amazing uses of this new technology calledGRXL . Consider the following program:

AH aof

{{{{{{ let x = 0 }}}}}}print wowor not what font should we use?

What does it do? Who cares? It's just lovely to look at. In fact,I'd have to say, "&thingy;".

, .

XML . < l i t e r a l > , , , , . , . . . XML

, . thingy . , .

DTD XML : : Parser : : PerlSAX , DTD . , , XML

, . . (, ), . , .

. , , , . . 5.2.

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104 5 SAX

5.2 PerlSAX DTD

e n t i t y _ d e c l ( , )

n o t a t i o n _ d e c l

un pars ed_ ,e n t i t y _ d e d

(, )element _de cl a t t l i s t _ d e c l

do ct ype_de cl

x m l _ d e c l XML

Name, Value , P u b l i c l d ,S y s t e m l d , N o t a t i o n

Name, Publicld,Systemld, BaseName, Publicld,Systemld, Base

Name, ModelElementName,A t t r i b u t e N a m e ,

Type, FixedName, Systemld,P u b l i c l d , I n t e r n a l V e rs io n , Encoding,Standalone

en t i ty_decl () , . , , en t i ty_decl (), unparsed_ent i ty_decl ( ) , .

ent i ty_dec I () . Value , . Publ i c i d System i d, XML , , , . Base , URL , Systemi d .

DTD, . ,

"date" , XML , . XML , .

Model el emen t_dec l () . , DTD .

, XML . Name

. Publ ic id

Systemid DTD. In t erna l , .

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DTD 105

, , , . ,

5.4. 5.4.

# xml .#sub xml_decl {

my( $self, $properties ) = @_;output( "{'Version'} . "\"" );my Sencoding = $properties >{'Encoding'};output( " encoding=\"$encoding\"" ) if( Sencoding );my $standalone = $properties >{'Standalone'};output( " standalone=\"$standalone\"" )

i f( Sstandalone ) ;output( " ?>\n" );

}## :# .#sub doctype_decl {

my( $self, $properties ) = @_;output( "\n< DOCTYPE " . $properties >{'Name'} .

"\n" );my $pubid = $properties >{'Publicld'};

if( Spubid ) {outputC " PUBLIC \"$pubid\"\n" );output( " V" . $properties >

{'Systemld'} . "\"\n" ) ;} else {

outputC " SYSTEM V" . $properties >{'Systemld

1} . "\"\n" ) ;

}my $intset = $properties >{'Internal'};if( $intset ) {

$in_intset = 1;output ( " [\n" ) :

} else { output ( ">\n" ) ;}

}## # , # .#sub entity_decl {

my( $self, $properties ) = @_;my $name = $properties >{'Name'};

outputC "< ENTITY

$name " );my Spubid = $properties >{'Publicld'};my $sysid = $properties >{'Systemld'};if( $pubid ) {

output( "PUBLIC \"$pubid\" \"$sysid\"" );

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106 5 SAX

} elsif( $sysid ) {output( "SYSTEM \"$sysid\"" );

} else {output( "\"" . $properties >{'Value'} . "\"" );

output( ">\n" ) ;

, (. 5.5).

5 5 < DOCTYPE book

SYSTEM "/usr/local/prod/sgml/db.dtd"

GRXL in a NutshelWti tle>

What is GRXL? need a better title

Yet another acronym. That was our attitude at first, but then we saw theamazing uses of this new technology calledGRXL. Consider the following program:

AH aof

{{{{{{ let x = 0 }}}}}}print wowor not what font should we use?

What does it do? Who cares? I t ' s jus t lovely to look at . In fact ,I'd have to say. "St th ingy;" .

. .

, DTD , .

. , , , , , . ent i ty_ref ere nce () .

, . . , , " ?

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107

, . , , XML ,

. . :

]>

The Bonehead Cookbook&i tro chapter;&pasta chapter;&stirfry chapter;&soups chapter;

, . , . , , resolve_enti ty ().

: Name ; Systemic P u b l i c Id , , . Base, URL , . , . undef

, . , , . , parse (), Systemld URL, a S t r i ng . :

sub resolve_entity {my( $self, $props ) = @_;if( exists( $props >{ Systemld }) and

open( ENT, $props >{ Systemld })) {my $entval = '':whHe( ) { Sentval .= $_; }close ENT;$entval .= '' ;return { String => Sentval };

} else {

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108 5 SAX

return undef;

. , , . , .

, XML , , , XML . SAX. , , XML , . SAX SAX , . , . SAX , . ,

, . , XML : : SAXDri ver: : Excel (Ilya Ster in) Microsoft Excel XML . ,

. Spreadsheet : :ParseExcel , XML: : SAXDri ver: :Excel SAX . XML .

Excel:

1 552 333 124 77

SAX , . , , . , 5.6.

5.6. Exceluse XML::SAXDriver::Excel;# .d i ( "Must sp ec i fy an inp u t f i l e " ) u n l e s s t @ARGV ) :m y $ f 1 l e = s h i f t @ARGV;p r i n t "P ars in g $ f i l e . . . \ n " ;

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, XML 109

# .my Shandler = new Excel_SAX_Handler; %props = ( Source => { Systemld => $file },

Handler => Shandler );my Sdriver = XML::SAXDriver::Excel >new( %props );# .$driver >parse( %props );# XML # SAX .package Excel_SAX_Handler;# ,sub new {

my $type = shift;my $self = {@_};return bless( Sself, Stype );

}# ,sub start_document {

print "\n";}# ,sub end_document {

pri nt "\n";}# ,sub characters {

my( Sself, Sproperties ) = @_;my $data = Sproperties >{'Data'};

print $data if defined(Sdata);}# , ,sub start_element {

my( Sself, $properties ) = @_;my $name = Sproperties >{'Name'};print "";

}# ,sub end_element {

my( Sself, Sproperties ) = @_;my Sname = Sproperties >{'Name'};

pri nt "";} , ,

SAX. , . , , :

baseballs55

tennisbal\s33

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110 5 SAX

pingpong balls12

footballs77

Use of uninitialized value in print at conv line 39.

Use of uninitialized value in print at conv line 39.

. , , , . , . ( . s t a r t _ d o c u m e n t () end_document () .) < r e c o r d > . , . .

, SAX . , . , . (, ) . , , .

SAX ,

. s t a r t_e I emen t () , , , . ? XML : : Handler : : Subs (Ken MacLeod).

, . < t i t l e > , .

s_, ( ).

, _. .

, . $ se l f > {Names} . i n_e l emen t ($name) , , $name.

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1 1 1

, . , HTML , , , (, ). , 5.7, .

5.7. , use XML::Parser::PerlSAX;use XML::Handler::Subs## .#use XML::Parser::PerlSAX;my Sparser = XML::Parser::PerlSAX >new( Handler => Hl_grabber >new() );$parser >parse( Source => {Systemld => shift @ARGV} );## : Hl_grabber.## package Hl_grabber;use base( 'XML::Handler::Subs ' );sub new {

my $type = shift;my Sself = {@_};return bless( Sself, $type );

}## .#sub start_document {

SUPER::start_document( );print "Summary of file:\n";

}## : # .#sub s_hl {

print "[";}## : # .#sub e_hl {

print "]\n";}## .#

sub characters {my( $self, Sprops ) = @_;my $data = $props >{Data};print $data if( Sself >in_e\ement( hi ));

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1 1 2 5 SAX

, :

The Life and Timesof Fooby

Fooby as a child

...

Fooby grows up

..,

Fooby is in big trouble!

...

:Summary of f i le :[Fooby as a child][Fooby grows up][Fooby is in big trouble!] in_element() < >.

, L: : H andler: : Subs SAX.

XML::Handler::YAWriter XML: . 'Handler: :YAWri te r (MichaelK oehn) XML . , , , SAX.

Perl Ti : : *, , : ,

, SAX . , , , .

, , : ( ) XML , SAX . , XML , PerlSAX, . , , , XML , XML .

, $self >SUPER: : [_] .

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XML: :SAX 113

, XML .

XML::SAX SAX . API, .

(Matt Sergeant), (Kip Hampton) (Robin Berjon) XML : : SAX . SAX 2, .

: API?. , SAX, . : Perl SAX. SAX Java, . , , , . Perl .

SAX , , . SAX 1, . SAX2. SAX2 , , . . ? ,, foo:bar? ?

perl xml , SAX, Perl ( , SAX2 API). , XML: : SAX , XML: : SAX: : ParserFactory. Factory , , . XML: : SAX: : ParserFactory , , , , . , .

XML: : SAX XML Perl. , .

. , .

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114 5 SAX

, . , , . , . , , . , .

XML::SAX::ParserFactory , , XML: :5AX: :ParserFactory.

, DBI, .

, . , . , SAX , XML::SAX::MyHandler.

, , :

use XML::SAX::ParserFactory;use XML::SAX::MyHandter;my Shandler = new XML: :SAX: :MyHandler;

my Sparser = XML::SAX::ParserFactory>parser( Handler => Shandler );$parser >parse_uri( "foo.xml" );

, . ( , Requi redFeat ure s) . , . XML: : SAX SAX . , , , ParserFactory. , XML::SAX: :BobsParser ,

, $XML: :SAX: : ParserPackage :use XML::SAX::ParserFactory;use XML::SAX::MyHandler:my Shandler = new XML::SAX::MyHandler;$XML::SAX::ParserPackage = "XML::SAX::BobsParser( 1.24 )";my Sparser = XML::SAX::ParserFactory >parser( Handler => Shandler ); $XML: : SAX: ParserPackage

XML: :SAX: :BobsParser(1.24) . ParserFactory requi re( ) ,

, new(). , 1.24, . , .

, XML: : SAX, parsers ():

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XML: :SAX 115

use XML::SAX;my parsers = @{XML::SAX >parsers( )};foreach my $p ( parsers ) {

print "\n", $p >{ Name }, "\n";foreach my $f ( sort keys %{$p >{ Features }} ) {

print "$f => ", $p >{ Features }>{ $f }, "\n";

, , . , XML:: 5 , :

XML::LibXML::SAX::Parserhttp://xml.org/sax/features/namespaces => 1XML::SAX::PurePerlhttp://xml.org/sax/features/naraespaces => 1

, 4eHHbixBXML: : SAX. XML:: Li bXML: :5AX: : Parse SAX API Hbxml2 6. Iibxml2 , , . , , ,

. , XML: :SAX: : PurePerl, , Perl. , , Perl. .

, , , . , , .

requ i re_f ea tu re ()

factory:my Sfactory = new XML::SAX::ParserFactory;$factory >require_feature( 'http://xml.org/sax/features/validation

1 );$factory >requi e_feature( 'http://xml.org/sax/features/namespaces' );my Sparser = $factory >parser( Handler => Shandler ; factory :my Sfactory = new XML::SAX::ParserFactory(

Required_features => {'http://xml.org/sax/features/validation' => 1'http://xml.