6

CHART:MINIMUMCONTACTS PERSONALJURISDICTION:MINIMUMCONTACTSANALYSIS

WastherePURPOSEFULAVAILMENT?(VoluntaryAffiliation)Denckla: NOPJ badkidscase,∆DEtrustco.didnotdopurposefulact,unilateralactofπtomovetoFL;∆mustpurposefullyavailherself of theprivilegeof conducting activitieswithintheFS,thusinvokingthebenefitandprotectionoftheFS’slaws.

1. Werethecontactstheresult of“unilateral activity” oftheπ?WWVW

2. FORESEEABILITY Is∆’sconductandconnection withFSsuchthatsheshould“reasonably anticipate being haledintocourt” there?Int’lShoe,WWVW(indissent)

3. Did∆“deliberately engageinsignificant activities”within theFSorhasshecreated “continuing obligations” between

herselfandFS?(businessrelationship) Burger King

NOPJ.

StreamofCommerceplacing product instream

SingleContact“seektoserve”

“Effects”Testtortious act

1961 GRAYv.RADIATOR (ILcase)YESPJIll.Accident,PAboilermfr.impleadOHvalve

component co; Ill.LA§ compliantwithDPC,

transactionhassubstantialconnectionwithFS;

injuryoccurred,mostconvenient forum

1980 WWVWNOIPJπbuyaudiinNY,accidentOK;sues cardealer,

importer,Audi,VW;unilateralactivityofπs;no

purposeful availmentprimaryfocusistoprevent

∆sfromdefending toofarfromhome, prevent

statesfromreachingoutbeyondsovereignty

• Dissent: carsareuniquelymobile,shouldbeforeseeableconsequence

1981 MCGOWAN(NYcase)NOPJNYbringsfondue pottoCanada,suesJPmfr;

NYCPLR 302(a)(1) =“arisefromtransacting

business, contractualactivity”;singleshipment

notenough

1950TRAVELER’SHEALTHYESPJHealthinsuranceco.solicit/”reached out”toVA

residents,VAasksthemtostopunderBlueSky

laws.Found“systematicandwide”solicitation

created“continuing obligations”withVA.

1957MCGEEYESPJπsuesfor deadson’sinsurance policy.CALA§

covers(regulatoryinterestinadjudicating

matter).∆solicitedπforre-insurance

agreementandpurposefullymailedpolicytoCA.

1981 KULKONOPJEst."effects”test:statehaspowertoexercisePJoverapartywhocauseseffectsinastatebyan

actdoneelsewherew.r.t.anycauseofaction

arisingfromtheseeffects;NOPJ fordomesticrelationsdisputes(onlycommercial transaction)

1984CALDERYESPJLibel,πceleb suedauthor/editorofarticle;∆s

storyaboutCAπ,CAsources,forCAreaders,

knewharmwouldoccurinCA=FSasfocalpoint.

NOPJ justbasedon“effects” feltinCA,alsofound “purposefully availed.”(c.f. WWVW

whereharmwasfeltinFS,butinsufficientforPJ)

1984KEETONv.HUSTLERYESPJLibel,∆deliberatelysoldmagazinesinFS,state

hasinterestincitizens’accesstotruthfulinfo.=

“nottoosmallatailtowagout-of-statedog”;

relationshipbtwn∆,forum,andlitigation;look

@volumeof activityandnexusofsuit

1985 BURTv.BOARDOFREGENTSYESPJMedicalrecommendation letterfromNEtoCO

included defamatorystatement,πsuffer

economic harminCO,sendingtheletterwas

targetedandpurposeful

2014WALDENv.FIORE NOPJDEApoliceofficer inATLseize$fromNVπ’sin

ATLairport;πcannotbeonlycontactbtwn∆

andFS(NV);DPCrequires∆cannotbehaledinto

FSdueto“random,fortuitous,orattenuated”

contacts(contraCalder hadotherFScontacts)=foreseeabilityaloneisnotenough,needrelation

1987 ASAHI(foreign)NOPJSPLITCOURTDECISION!CAmotorcycleinjury,∆TWimpleadJPcomponent;CAsettle,TWv.JP

4votes:nomincontacts,4votes:contacts,3votes:meetseither,8votes:unreasonable

• O’Connor: “awarenessnotenough”needto“seektoserve”à streamofcommerceplus• Brennan:yesmin.contacts,awareness/foreseeabilitysuffices; reasonableness requirementof

BurgerKingwillgetridofunfaircases

2011 JMMv.NICASTRO(foreign)NOPJ(basicallychangesnothing)6-3NOPLURALITY! scrapmetalrecycling,attempttofixAsahiimprecisionproblem;NJ(Nicastro,acc,

FS),JMMUKco.,McIntryeUSAdistributorisgone/bankrupt

• Breyer/Alito: narrowestgroundsholdingofmajority(wantsbetterfactsforaruling),undereitherviewofstreamofcommerce/plusthereisnoPJà onlyasinglesale

• Wouldn’taffect theEtsy-ers oftheworld,becausewouldn’tpassREASONABLENESSTEST• Kennedy: likesO’Connor“seektoserve”,bringsupPennoyerSOVEREIGNTY =consent,presence,

domicile; consentisestablishedbypurposefullyavailingselftoFS(“submission tosovereign”)• RBG: NJispartoftheUSmarket,canuseFRCP4(k)(2) toadjudicate,scrapmetalrecyclingisniche

andcould’ve foreseenproduct inNJ,NJhasstronginterestinprovidingvenue;unfair

Jurisdictional G!Result: nojdx .............................specificjdx.................generaljdx

Contacts? none............casual/isolated.......single.......continuousbutlimited ............substantial

Decreasingcontacts Increasingcontacts

OtherMethods?1. Directcontacts– gobacktogeneral jurisdiction2. Contractualobligation– KwitharesidentofthestateMcGee,BurgerKing

3. Internet/Website – non-passivewebsite(active,notinformational)viewed

withintheFS,PJdependsoncommercialnatureofwebsite,level of

consumeruseddoesn’tmatterZippo

YES

NO