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Grief in the newspapers, film, television, arts and media and how this has informed Ellie Harrison's The Grief Series.
Citation preview
Perspectives on Grief in Popular Culture
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Contents Introduction……………………………………..………..…………………………...….…page 3 Mirror front pages (NB: the dates)……………………………………………….……...page 6
Lists………………………………………………………..…………………………..……….page 8
Grief in the Tabloids……...………………………………………………………….…….page 11
Personal accounts…………………………………………………………………………page 17
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………..page 21
Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………...page 23
How to use this book
This booklet takes you on a rapid-fire tour of representations of grief in the media. It
shows you different elements that have influenced The Grief Series, such as the
death of Princess Diana (which is heavily referenced in the Etiquette of Grief) to
more personal accounts (that reflect the style of The Reservation more). This booklet
is designed to be fast paced so that you can dip in and out of it. Think of it as a cross
between Heat magazine and a Sunday broadsheet.
As you are reading you can quickly see how the theories and articles have
influenced the projects in the Grief Series by looking for the pictures. Wherever you
see a picture next to a theory or article it means that article has had a clear
influence on the art work produced.
Key
Part 1 Etiquette of Grief
Part 2 The Reservation
Part 3 What Is Left
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Introduction Ellie: Through making The Grief Series I have immersed myself in the representation of
bereavement in pop culture. Some of these references have been actively sought
out as part of my process (the film and music lists) but others have been stumbled
across accidentally. It is popular to say that the death of Princess Diana was a
tipping point, that crying became almost fashionable at that time, and that the
fashion for crying has lasted longer than the trend for mini rucksacks that pervaded
the shops in 1997. It is difficult for me to judge as I was fourteen at the time and not
overly interested in celebrity or politics…or death. Perhaps things were changing. But
I know that the Enquirer printed pictures of Elvis in his coffin in 1977 which sold 6.5
million copies and Queen Victoria started a whole wave of grief chic when her
beloved Albert died over a hundred years before paparazzi chased a car into a
tunnel in Paris. Trends may come and go but evidently grief is the little black dress of
the journalist’s world. The general public have an appetite for grief. Looking back on
Diana’s death it seems to me that people were not crying for Diana but for their
dead mothers, fathers, siblings, children or pets. This was the impetus for making part
one of the series The Etiquette of Grief and in a review of the show, Andrea Hardaker
perceptively writes:
I can’t have been the only person to feel it - it literally coiled inside of me – personal
grief felt so much more uncomfortable than public grief and yet which would
realistically require more support?
Grief is a difficult emotion and perhaps the most overwhelming aspect of it is the
fact that it is a pain that cannot realistically be shared - even with our closest
relatives. It feels lonely, frightening and incredibly powerful.
In times of personal grief we can’t just break down in the middle of a street, wailing
and crying, waving candles and holding vigils. We don’t throw our arms round
strangers and gather together in crowds.
Instead we suffer, usually in silence – not because of our strength but because our
grief is distinctly too uncomfortable for others to bear.
(For the full article go to http://www.pickledegg.info/2012/01/etiquette-grief-
bradfords-theatre-mill/#more-4983 )
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I cannot talk to the children about her. The moment I try, there appears on their
faces neither grief, nor love, nor fear, nor pity, but the most fatal of all non-
conductors, embarrassment. They look as if I were committing an indecency. They
are longing for me to stop. I felt just the same after my own mother’s death when my
father mentioned her. I can’t blame them. It’s the way boys are. I sometimes think
that shame, mere awkward, senseless shame, does as much towards preventing
good acts and straightforward happiness as any of our vices can do. And not only in
boyhood…
…It isn’t only the boys either. An odd by product of my loss is that I’m aware of being
an embarrassment to everyone I meet. At work, at the club, in the street, I see
people, as they approach me, trying to make up their minds whether they’ll ‘say
something about it’ or not. I hate it if they do, and if they don’t. Some funk it
altogether. R. has been avoiding me for a week. I like best the well brought-up
young men, almost boys, who walk up to me as if I were a dentist, turn very red, get
it over, and then edge away to the bar as quickly as they decently can. Perhaps the
bereaved ought to be isolated in special settlements like lepers. To some I’m worse
than an embarrassment. I am a death’s head. Whenever I meet a happily married
pair I can feel them both thinking, ‘One or other of us must some day be as he is
now.’ At first I was very afraid of going to places where H. and I had been happy—
our favourite pub, our favourite wood. But I decided to do it at once—like sending a
pilot up again as soon as possible after he’s had a crash. Unexpectedly, it makes no
difference. Her absence is no more emphatic in those places than anywhere else.
It’s not local at all. I suppose that if one were forbidden all salt one wouldn’t notice it
much more in any one food than in another. Eating in general would be different,
every day, at every meal. It is like that. The act of living is different all through. Her
absence is like the sky, spread over everything.
(C.S Lewis, 1961, p10-12)
Ellie: Dead Celebrities have become the conduits for our tears at the deaths of
people we do know. The dead celebrity, or the weepy film removes us just enough
to feel safe enough to grieve. A magazine or a DVD is tangible and so makes an
excellent site for us to project onto. But if I were the grieving relative of a dead
celebrity I imagine I’d feel doubly hurt to see the masses commandeering my loss. I
would stick to the films as they are designed to move us. You might want to work
your way through the film list or play some songs to grieve to and have a good cry.
After all, that is what they are there for.
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6
7
8
Lists: Grief in Film, Television and Culture.
Films about bereavement
1. Rabbit Hole
2. Shadowlands
3. Truly, Madly, Deeply
4. A Single Man
5. P.S I Love You
6. The Lovely Bones
7. Charlie St. Cloud
8. Three Colours Blue
9. Volva
10. Ghost
Bereavement on TV
1. A Short Stay In Zurich
2. Twin Peaks, Pilot Episode
3. Getting On, Series Two (various)
4. Six Feet Under (various)
5. Buffy The Vampire Slayer, ‘The body’ Season 5, episode 16
6. Fresh Meat, Series 1, episode 6, 8
7. Mad Men, Season 3, Episode 4
8. The Royle Family, The Queen Of Sheba
9. House, Season 4 finale.
10. Grey’s Anatomy, Season 2, episode 22
Books/paintings/miscellany
1. The Sad Book by Michael Rosen (children’s book)
2. A Scattering by Christopher Reed (collection of poems)
3. My father had two coats by Linda Chase (poem)
4. Crying Men by Sam Taylor Wood (Photography series)
5. Edward Munch paintings: The Death Bed 1895, Death in the sick chamber
1895, The Dead Mother and The child 1899/1900 as well as the Sick Child paintings
6. Dad’s Clothes by Andre Penteado (Photography series)
7. The Welfare State International’s Dead Project (book/event)
8. Ashes to Diamonds (TV documentary on Channel 4OD)
9. The Long and Winding Road by Michael Pinchbeck (performance)
10. Art and Death by Chris Townsend (book)
9
Scenes of Grief
1. Step Mom
2. Harold and Maude
3. American Beauty
4. Jack and Sarah
5. Don’t Look Now
6. Brokeback Mountain
7. Submarine (fantasy scene)
8. Beaches
9. Twelfth Night
10. Enduring Love
11. Four Weddings and a Funeral
12. Bambi
13. Baz Luhrman’s Romeo and Juliet
14. Moulin Rouge
15. Jude
16. Little Children
17. La Vie en Rose
18. Damage
19. Lolita
20. The Lion King
21. Sylvia
22. My Girl
23. Leon
24. Dead Poets Society
25. The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas
26. The Rules of Attraction
27. Revolutionary Road
28. Time Travellers Wife
29. Harry Potter (various)
30. Forrest Gump
31. Shaun of the Dead.
32. The Poseidon Adventure
33. Richard III
34. Sophies Choice
35. The Cure
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Songs to Grieve to
1. My Heart Will Go On by Celine Dion
2. Candle In The Wind by Elton John
3. Gone Too Soon by Michael Jackson
4. Tears In Heaven by Eric Clapton
5. Dance With My Father by Luther Vandross
6. You’ll Never Walk Alone by Gerry and the pacemakers
7. Imagine by John Lennon
8. The Weeping Song by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds
9. Gloomy Sunday by Billie Holiday
10. Hallelujah by Jeff Buckley
11. Everybody Hurts by R.E.M
12. Angel by Sarah McLaughlin
13. Nothing Compares To You by Sinead O’Connor
14. Wind Beneath My Wings by Bette Midler
15. Bright Eyes by Art Garfunkel
16. The Way We Were by Barbara Streisand
17. Memory by Elaine Paige
18. Fields Of Gold by Eva Cassidy
19. Bring Me To Life by Evanescence
20. Without You by Harry Nillson
21. Requiem Mass in D minor, Lacrimosa by Mozart
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15
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From celebrity tribute issues in tabloids to
personal accounts of everyday people in
broadsheets.
18
Personal Accounts
Bill: Whilst public grief of celebrities is relatively easy to find in tabloid newspapers,
personal accounts of grief about everyday people seem less easy to stumble across.
Whilst researching for the Grief Series we noted that these sorts of accounts were
typically found in broadsheet newspaper supplements and magazines. These
accounts tend to deal with the nuanced complexities of grieving and take in to
consideration the wide variety of ways that people deal with grief. In this section we
will summarise and highlight some of these more personal accounts as a
counterpoint from the more hysterical representations of grieving that celebrity
deaths seem to incur.
Once we Had a Daughter (Guardian Weekend Magazine 22/4/2006)
Bill: In this account a mother tells how she lost her daughter through a suicide
relating to the daughter’s struggle with bipolar2 depression, the article details the
daughters manic periods and explains that she was a talented photographer. The
mid section details the mother’s key memories leading up to her daughter’s suicide,
including a trip to visit her at university. The section that concerns the Grief Series the
most is towards the end of the article when the mother details ways in which the
family grieves.
We grieve in different ways, which can be difficult. The whole
dynamic of the family is changed when suddenly you are four,
not five. I was shocked in the spring when I asked Ben where he
would like to go in the summer: “Somewhere where nobody
has heard of Alice” he replied. It had not dawned on me that
he was angry with her. “She’s ruined our family” he said. “It was
the most selfish thing she ever did.” They had been so close. I
had felt raw hurt, guilt and of course the fruitless but endless “if
onlys”, but never anger (p30)
The section contrasts with the perceived mass sadness of celebrity deaths, and picks
out the complexities and mixed emotions that grieving for a loved one can bring out.
It is honest and frank about what could be viewed as more negative reactions to
someone’s death, however we must endeavour to take these less romanticised
emotions into consideration whilst creating work that explores the theme of grief.
19
This article is an extract from
Making Toast: A Family Story by
Roger Rosenblatt. From Guardian
Weekend Magazine 11/09/2010
Bill: This simple snippet portrays the
way in which grief can affect
different people in different ways.
The rest of the article goes on to
explain the different strategies
that have been put in to place to
enable them and the kids to
grieve, as well as interventions in
to their daily lives that allow them to get on with life. What strikes me in this account
of grief is the reliance on small everyday tasks to assist in the grieving process:
I wake up earlier than the other members of our household,
usually around 5am, to perform the one duty I have mastered.
After writing the Word for the Morning on a yellow post-it on the
kitchen table, emptying the dishwasher, setting the table up for
the children’s breakfast, I prepare toast. (p24)
“And no one ever told me about the laziness of grief. Except at my job—where the
machine seems to run on much as usual—I loathe the slightest effort. Not only writing
but even reading a letter is too much. Even shaving. What does it matter now
whether my cheek is rough or smooth? They say an unhappy man wants
distractions—something to take him out of himself. Only as a dog-tired man wants an
extra blanket on a cold night; he’d rather lie there shivering than get up and find
one. It’s easy to see why the lonely become untidy, finally, dirty and disgusting.”
(C.S. Lewis, 1961, p11-12)
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21
Conclusion
Ellie: As a researcher of all things grief, my attitude towards the death of others has
changed somewhat and I’m not sure I like it. On hearing the news that a celebrity
has died my initial thought is not for their grieving relatives but for my research
outcomes. I have been like this for a while. I have bought copies of magazines with
dying people on the front cover and not thought twice. It wasn’t until Whitney
Houston died that really I felt torn about whether to buy the memorial edition of OK
Magazine. Sony hiked up their album prices as soon as she died and magazines
were trawling the archives searching for pictures for ‘special edition’ tribute issues
with a special, additional price tag. I bought it. Perhaps I wanted to be a witness to
this awfulness. Keep a record of the insensitivity. Or perhaps I have an appetite for
gossip at anyones expense. I don’t know.
It is easy for me to sneer at the articles in Metro or the covers of OK! Showing
Michael Jackson on a stretcher. I can tell myself that these are the disgusting acts of
the media. Thank goodness artists would never exploit grief in that way. And yet I
was reading an article bemoaning the way writers make money from writing grief
memoirs and the fact that in these books the dead person’s personality is totally
drowned out by the writers wailing. It is about the writer, not the dead. And of course
I see myself doing that. I am charging people ticket money to listen to me talk about
my considerable experience of grief. Am I any better than these writers or people
who sell stories about Jade Goody to the papers? And yet they always say write
what you know and this is what I know. I know that I have experienced grief and felt
silenced. I know I have struggled to discuss it with others experiencing grief and I
would like this to change. I want to hold myself to account as well as change
others.
So if we agree to hold ourselves to higher standards and make
more rigorous demands on ourselves, then we can say in our work
“We have asked ourselves these questions and we are trying to
answer them, and that effort earns us the right to ask you, the
audience, to face these issues too.” Art demands action from the
midst of living and makes a space where growth can happen.
(Bogart A, 2007, p. 4)
Although I worry that I have turned into a kind of grief vulture. As well as making The
Grief Series , I teach musical theatre to Children and part of the way through their
rendition of ‘The Circle of Life’ it occurred to me that vultures are hopeful creatures
with a commitment to recycling. In native American culture the Vulture was
22
considered a symbol of spiritual strength showing qualities of endurance in the face
of difficulty and cleansing the environment around it. I would like to think that the
Grief Series takes experiences that are negative (and out of my control) and
transforms them into something with new life that builds communities.
Perhaps the difference between the exploitative and the resourceful is merely down
to intention rather than outcome. One is to make money from creating something
that might resonate enough with people for them to part with their cash and the
other is to try and transform something negative into something nourishing.
If the motivation for action does not transcend the desire for
fame and success, the quality of the results will be inferior. If
your aim is intense engagement rather than self
aggrandizement, the results will be richer, denser and more
energetic. The outcome of an artistic process contains the
energy of your commitment to it.
(Bogart A, 2007, p. 5-6)
We may not like all the works of art that deal with grief, the work might fail but if the
intention is good then perhaps it is a valiant failure. With art it is a question of taste.
Not all the artworks that arise from bereavement will please everybody. Some works
will resonate with some and not others and some will be downright awful. There are
the odd couple that seem to be liked more often such as A Scattering by
Christopher Reid or A Grief Observed by C.S Lewis or the film My Girl but they are few
and far between. But a good intention, even if it ultimately fails is worth more than
any cheap cash in. Perhaps it is because of the abuses of grief that seem to
permeate our culture, whether it’s a picture of Diana trapped in her car or an
inflated Whitney Houston album price, that work that has a genuine passion is so
valuable. So we need to keep speaking and acting with the best of intentions.
We are living in very particular times that demand a very
specific kind of response. No matter the immensity of the
obstacles – political, financial or spiritual – the one thing we
cannot afford is inaction due to despair.
(Bogart A, 2007, p. 2 )
23
Bibliography
APPLEYARD, B (1997) in The Sunday Times: The Princess’ Final Farewell p.1
BOGART, A, (2007) And then you act: making art in an unpredictable world,
Routledge
BRYAN, F (22/4/2006) in The Guardian Weekend: Once We Had a Daughter pp.19-29
HASKETT, D (11/9/2010) in The Guardian Weekend: After Amy p.24
LEWIS,C, S, (1961) A Grief Observed, Faber and Faber
ROSENBLATT, R (11/9/2010) in The Guardian Weekend: Making Toast, a family story.
pp.27-29
YOUNG, D (18/9/2010) in The Guardian Weekend: Join the Queue Ladies… pp.43-47
UNNATRIBUTED (24/9/2011) in The Guardian Weekend: What I’m Really Thinking, The
Bereaved Parent
ROGERS, K (ed.) (2000) Wills and Kate A Royal Love Story A Mirror Publication:
Liverpool, UK.
ERWIN, M (30/6/2009) in The Metro: The fight for Jackson’s children starts in court p.5
(10/7/2009) in The Metro: He’s the King of Pop…but not a legend p.11
MCGUINESS, R (29/6/2009) in The Metro: Even after death, Jacko is still the King of
pop p.5
HARMSWORTH, A (date unknown) in The Metro: Jacko ‘gave Jade hope’ p.21
MCGUINESS, R (7/7/2009) in The Metro: Host of stars will attend Jacko memorial
service p.7
UNNATRIBUTED (25/3/2009) in The Metro: Jade tributes ‘remind me of Diana’ p.11
HARMSWORTH, A (10/2/2010) in The Metro: I’ll die just like Diana in a car crash, Katie
fears p. 30