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Pesquisa para Inovação em São Paulo, Brasil
Carlos Henrique de Brito Cruz
Science Director
São Paulo Research Foundation, FAPESP
fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 13/9/2017
R&D in Brazil
• A strong academic base– 18,000 Doctorates granted yearly– 40,000+ scientific papers published yearly– Challenges: impact, reduce geographic concentration in SE, strengthen
international cooperation
• Growing industry R&D– Brazilian companies:
• Petrobrás: 11st in R&D in Oil Sector• Embraer: 17th in R&D in Aerospace• Embrapa and state institutes: agrobusiness driver (Brazil 1st in soy
productivity, 1st in meat exports, ..)
– Challenges: too incremental, weak international focus, only 30% of scientists work in industry, weak IP creation, heterogeneouslydistributed
20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 2
R&D in the State of São Paulo, Brazil
• São Paulo
– 41 million inhabitants
• 20% of Brazil’s population
– 32% of Brazil’s GDP
– 45% of the scientific articles with Brazilian authors
3/9/2017 3fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
Sistema paulista de C&T
c&t-sp-ufscar-ccts-20160801.pptx 420160801
Pesquisadores em São Paulo, 2015
c&t-sp-ufscar-ccts-20160801.pptx 520160801
São Paulo: R&D Expenditures, 2012,by source
• R&D intensity –1.7% of state GDP
– From1.52% em 2008
• Gov. expenditure
– State 63%
– Federal 37%
c&t-sp-ufscar-ccts-20160801.pptx 620160801
Brasil: R&D Expenditures, 2012,by source
• R&D intensity –1,15% of GDP
• Gov. expenditure
– States 33%
– Federal 67%
c&t-sp-ufscar-ccts-20160801.pptx 720160801
Brasil, outside São Paulo: R&D expenditures, 2012, by source
• R&D intensity –0.95% of GDP
• Gov. expenditure
– States 19%
– Federal 81%
c&t-sp-ufscar-ccts-20160801.pptx 820160801
Business and Non-Business R&D as a % of regional GDP
fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 93/9/2017
P&D em São Paulo
• Ambiente favorável para pesquisa e para interações
– Universidades, institutos, empresas
• Colaboração em pesquisa universidade-empresa
• Criação de Start-ups
3/9/2017 10fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
Universities and IndustryCooperative Research
pesq-para-inovacao-sp-020150818.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 11
science wealthNew
technology
Old technology
E. Mansfield, 1995
NSF, 1996
CNI, 1997
univ
ers
itie
s
industr
y
paperspatents
09/03/2017
% dos recursos para P&D obtidos de empresas: USP, UNESP, Unicamp ......
pesq-para-inovacao-sp-020150818.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 1209/03/2017
% dos recursos para P&D obtidos de empresas: USP, UNESP, Unicamp e EUA
pesq-para-inovacao-sp-020150818.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 1309/03/2017
UNICAMP
UNESP
USP
Embraer-FAPESP: R&D to build an innovative jet
desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 1409/03/2017
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
simulation and tests
Research co-funded by FAPESP, involving
several universities
FAPESP-Industry-University Engineering Research Centers
• Center is hosted in a university, PI is a professor– Adjunct Director is a researcher from the company as a visiting professor at the university
– Other company researchers as visiting professor are more than welcome
• 10 year contract; cost sharing FAPESP:Industry:University - 1:1:2– R$ 2 – 10 million per year from FAPESP and Company, plus labor costs by university
– Peugeot-Citroen: • Biofuel Engines Engineering Research Center; hosted at Unicamp (incl. ITA, USP, Mauá): FAPESP R$
8M/PCBA R$ 8M/Unicamp+ R$ 16 million Total: R$ 32M
– GSK • Engineering Research Center on Target Discovery: FAPESP R$ 13M/GSK R$ 11M/R$ 33M I. Butantan
Total: R$ 57M
• Engineering Research Center on Sustainable Chemistry: FAPESP R$ 5M/GSK R$ 5,5M/R$ 20M UFSCAR
Total R$ 31M
– British Gas• ERC on Natural Gas; FAPESP R$ 27M/BG R$ 20M/USP+: R$ 43M Total R$ 100M
– Natura• Applied Research Center on Well-being and Human Behavior; FAPESP R$ 10M/Natura R$ 10M/USP+: R$
43M Total R$ 63M
27/11/2013 15univ-industry-20140817.pptx;chbritocruz
Advanced Molecular Biology for Agriculture
cenarios-para-inovacao-20160718.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 163/9/2017
SGC-Oxford-Toronto-Campinas-Chapel Hill: novos fármacos
fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 173/9/2017
Pesquisa Inovativa na Pequena Empresa – PIPE FAPESP
• Pesquisa na pequena empresa– potencial de retorno comercial
– aumento da competitividade da empresa
– estimular a criação de “cultura de inovaçãopermanente” (FAPESP 1997)
• Condições– não se exige contrapartida
– até R$ 1.200.000 por projeto
– pesquisador principal deve ser vinculado à empresa
09/03/2017 18fapesp-pesq-inovacao-20160228.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
PIPE FAPESP: 140 contratações em 2015 233 em 2016
fapesp-pesq-inovacao-20160228.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 1909/03/2017
2016: até 22 de setembro
PIPE FAPESP: valor contratado por ano
fapesp-pesq-inovacao-20160228.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 2009/03/2017
FAPESP PIPE no Estado de São Paulo
fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 213/9/2017
Munic. Qtd
SP 423
Campinas 264
S. Carlos 247
SJCampos 116
Rib. Preto 78
Piracicaba 35
Botucatu 25
Unicamp start-ups: 434 companies, >21.000 jobs, yearly rev. R$ 3 billion
fapesp12-20131115.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 2209/03/2017
3/9/2017 23fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
Obstáculos: muitos e em muitos lugares(Phys. Today, 2008)
p&d-e-inovação-20140331.pptx;chbritocruz 2427/11/2013
FAPESP’s University-Industry Engineering Research Centers
cenarios-para-inovacao-20160718.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 253/9/2017
Centro Empresa/Univ ou Inst. Pq.
Valores contratados
Centro de Pesquisa em Engenharia sobreMotores a Biocombustível
Peugeot-CitroenUnicamp e outras
FAPESP: R$ 8 MPCBA: R$ 8 M
Unicamp+: R$ 16 MCentro de Pesquisa em Engenharia sobreQuímica Verde
GSKUfscar e outras
FAPESP: R$ 5 MGSK: R$ 5,5 M
Ufscar+: R$ 20 MCentro de Pesquisa em Engenharia sobreDescoberta de Moléculas Alvo de OrigemNatural para Drogas
GSKInst. Butantan
FAPESP: R$ 13 MGSK: R$ 11 M
Inst. Butantan: R$ 33 MCentro de Pesquisa em Engenharia sobre GásNatural
British GasPoli, USP e outras
FAPESP: R$ 27 MBG: R$ 30 MUSP+: R$ 43
Centro de Pesquisa Aplicada sobre Bem EstarHumano
NaturaInst. Psicologia, USP+
FAPESP: R$ 10 MEmpresas: R$ 10 MUniv/Inst.: R$ 20 M
Ideas migth start as abstractions
desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 2609/03/2017
...then evolve into a concrete idea thatindustry can recognize...
desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 2709/03/2017
Result: FAPESP-Embraer-Poli, USP Research Center for Comfort Engineering
desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 2809/03/2017
Brazil: some R&D based results
• Energy self sufficiency– Bioenergy: more liters of ethanol than liters of gasoline used
every year• Largest and most efficient Ethanol producer in the world• 35% of world Ethanol production• > 1 milion flex-fel vehicles, 95% of sales
– Prospecting, finding and extracting oil at >5,000 ft under the sea
• Jet planes – Embraer ERJ 145, ERJ 190– Starting 2006: 90 -110 seat jet ERJ 190
• Food for the world– Most productive soybean in the world– Largest meat producer
20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 29
Innovation environment:Continuing policies
• Industry R&D and innovation (1999), Sectoral Funds (2000), II National S&T&I Conference (2001), Innovation Law submitted to Congress (2002)
• Innovation Law: Law 10.937/2004– University-Industry joint R&D– Academic Intellectual Property– Fostering industrial R&D
• Tax incentives, procurement, subvention, subsidized loans
• Plus: Industrial and Technology Policy (PITCE, PDP, PACTI)– Focal sectors, articulation
• Plus: states initatives– State Foundations, Technology and Science Parks, Universities,
Institutes,...
20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 30
Business R&D Expenditures as % of Total São Paulo’s R&D Expenditures
fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 313/9/2017
Ligthweigth Structures Lab: Embraer, IPT, ITA; funded by BNDES, FINEP, FAPESP
desafios-c+t-brasil-confap-20150825.pptx;chbritocruz 3225/08/2015
Business R&D in Brazil
• A strong academic base– 18,000 Doctorates granted yearly– 40,000+ scientific papers published yearly– Challenges: impact, reduce geographic concentration in SE, strengthen
international cooperation
• Business R&D– Brazilian companies:
• Petrobrás: 11st in R&D in Oil Sector• Embraer: 17th in R&D in Aerospace• Embrapa and state institutes: agrobusiness driver (Brazil 1st in soy
productivity, 1st in meat exports, ..)
– Challenges: too incremental, weak international focus, only 30% of scientists work in industry, weak IP creation, heterogeneouslydistributed
20150428 s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 33
São Paulo’s S&T System: 14,787 innovative companies
fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 343/9/2017
Brasil: R&D Expenditures, 2012,by source
• R&D intensity –1,15% of GDP
• Gov. expenditure
– States 33%
– Federal 67%
s+t-sao-paulo-FW-USA-20160326.pptx 3520150428
Business and Non-Business R&D as a % of regional GDP
fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 363/9/2017
Business R&D Expenditures as % of Total Brazilian R&D Expenditures
fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 373/9/2017
Brasil: patentes concedidas pelo USPTO
analise-producao-cientifica-20160907.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 383/9/2017
China, India, Brazil: patentes concedidaspelo USPTO
analise-producao-cientifica-20160907.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 393/9/2017
Patents grantes by USPTO per 10 thousand business researchers
analise-producao-cientifica-20160907.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 403/9/2017
Incentives and Challenges for Business R&D in Brazil
Incentives
• Tax breaks
• Subsidies
• IP System
• Gov’t procurement
• University/Institutes collaboration
• Education (Higher Ed)
Desincentivos• Labor costs• Fiscal system
– Complexity and cost
• Slow IP system• Legal uncertainty
– Changing norms/rules
• Infraestructure– Including low quality of the Basic
Education system
• Development Policy oriented to internal market
• Corruption
cenarios-para-inovacao-20160718.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 413/9/2017
Innovation happens in the business sector: Adam Smith, 1776
3/9/2017 42
A great part of the machines made use of in those manufactures in
which labour is most subdivided, were originally the inventions of
common workmen, who, being each of them employed in some very
simple operation, naturally turned their thoughts towards finding out
easier and readier methods of performing it.
All the improvements in machinery, however, have by no means been
the inventions of those who had occasion to use the machines. Many
improvements have been made by the ingenuity of the makers of the
machines, when to make them became the business of a peculiar trade;
and some by that of those who are called philosophers or men of
speculation, whose trade it is not to do anything, but to observe
everything; and who, upon that account, are often capable of combining
together the powers of the most distant and dissimilar objects.
cenarios-para-inovacao-20160718.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
Brasil: 10 main grantees USPTO, 2005-2015
analise-producao-cientifica-20160907.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 433/9/2017
Qtd Titular
123 PETROLEO BRASILEIRO S.A. PETROBRAS
75 WHIRLPOOL S.A.
64 FREESCALE SEMICONDUCTOR, INC.
60 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
58 EMBRAER - EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE AERONAUTICA S.A.
44 VOITH PAPER PATENT GMBH
35 EMPRESA BRASILEIRA DE COMPRESSORES S/A-EMBRACO
25 FUNDACAO DE AMPARO A PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SAO PAULO
24 PIONEER HI-BRED INTERNATIONAL, INC.
23 TYCO ELECTRONICS BRASIL LTDA.
Microorganismos para biocombustíveis
desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 4409/03/2017
Pesquisa FAPESP – Cinco pesquisadores contratados por uma empresa. Essa foi a
boa experiência vivida dentro do grupo do professor Gonçalo Guimarães Pereira, do
Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioquímica do Instituto de Biologia da
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).
Business R&D Expenditures as % of Total São Paulo’s R&D Expenditures
fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 453/9/2017
Comunicações Ópticas em Campinas: fluxo de pessoas e ideias
pesq-para-inovacao-sp-020150818.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 4609/03/2017
Coherent Optical TechnologiesPADTEC, Unicamp, FAPESP
espca-photonics-20160718.pptx 4720150428
Photonics Technology Letters, ...> Volume:21 Issue:12, 2009
Rise Time and Gain Fluctuations of an
Electrooptical Amplified Switch Based on
Multipulse Injection in Semiconductor Optical
Amplifiers
Ribeiro, N.S. ; Dept. of Microwaves & Opt., Univ. of
Campinas, Campinas, Brazil ; Toazza, A.L. ; Gallep, C.M. ;
Conforti, E.
CPqD – Telecomm. Research Center
espca-photonics-20160718.pptx 4820150428
CPqD and EE Unicamp
Online the week of July 17th
Results can be, and are, published
desafios-para-a-pesquisa-em-sp-20160629.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 4909/03/2017
74 Thousand ResearchersR$ 27,5 billion in R&D in 2015
fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 503/9/2017
Três mitos e lendas sobre P&D em São Paulo
• O esforço de P&D das empresas é pequeno
• A colaboração Universidade-Empresa em pesqusiaé incipiente
• A cultura vigente nas universidades não favorece o empreendedorismo
3/9/2017 51fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
Três mitos e lendas sobre P&D em São Paulo
• O esforço de P&D das empresas é pequeno
• A colaboração Universidade-Empresa em pesquisaé incipiente
• A cultura vigente nas universidades não favorece o empreendedorismo
3/9/2017 52fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
Três mitos e lendas sobre P&D em São Paulo
• O esforço de P&D das empresas é pequeno
• A colaboração Universidade-Empresa em pesquisaé incipiente
• A cultura vigente nas universidades não favorece o empreendedorismo
3/9/2017 53fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
Três mitos e lendas sobre P&D em São Paulo
• O esforço de P&D das empresas é pequeno
• A colaboração Universidade-Empresa em pesquisaé incipiente
• A cultura vigente nas universidades não favorece o empreendedorismo
3/9/2017 54fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp
fapesp10-EN-20130225-USC.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 553/9/2017
FAPESP-Industry joint research program
• FAPESP and Company associate to invite and select proposals– Themes proposed by company– Exploratory research (adequate for academic environment)– Joint Steering Committee– Merit analysis and selection using reviewers chosen by
FAPESP and the Company
• Embraer, Natura, Ouro Fino, Oxiteno, Microsoft Research, Telefonica, Dedini, PadTec, Ci&T, Braskem, Whirlpool, Sabesp, Boeing, GSK, Intel, Vale, Biolab, Boticário, BG, Peugeot-Citroen, Medimmune-AZ, .....
27/11/2013 56univ-industry-20140817.pptx;chbritocruz
FAPESP+Peugeot-Citroen: Advanced ResearchCenter for Biofuel Engines
• 10 year contract
• Unicamp, USP, Mauá, ITA
• Researchers from universitiesand from company– Vice-director is a Company
scientist
• Other 4 ERCs:– Natura
– Glaxxo-Smith-Kline, GSK• Green Chemistry
• Target Discovery
– British Gas, BG
ensino superior-ciencia-inovacao-wkshop-simon-0201504240.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 5709/03/2017
FAPESP-BG Brasil-Poli, USP: Center for Research and Innovation in Natural Gas
desafios-c+t-brasil-confap-20150825.pptx;chbritocruz 5825/08/2015
Glaxo, Smith, Kline (GSK) and FAPESP
• GSK-FAPESP Center for Target Discovery– Butantan Institute– Identification of molecular
targets and signaling pathwaysapplicable to inflamatorydiseases as reumathoid arthritis, metabolic syndrome, neurodegenarative diseases
– Use of natural products such as venoms and animal secretions to be validated as theurapeutictargets for new drugs
• GSK-FAPESP Center for Green Chemistry– Federal Univ. S. Carlos; with
Unicamp, USP-RP, UNESP, UFSC – Reducing environmental impact
in organic synthesis– Use of sustainable solvents,
energy sources, safer reactants, cleaner processes, renewablefeedstocks
fapesp12-20131115.pptx; © C.H. Brito Cruz e Fapesp 5909/03/2017
PhDs graduated yearlyBrazil, UK, Japan, S. Korea
s+t-brazil-20161106.pptx 6020150428
Source: S&E Indicators 2014, NSB and CAPES, Brazil