phandangbaitapchuong1,2-lop10

7/22/2019 phandangbaitapchuong1,2-lop10

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Su tm v bin son: L nh Cng sd: 0122.5515.272

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CHNG I: NGUYN TI.Bi ton v bn knh nguyn t.Bi 1. Cho bit 1u = 1,6605.10-27kg, nguyn t khi ca oxi bng 15,999. Hy tnh khi lng ca mtnguyn t oxi ra kg.Bi 2. Cho bit khi lng nguyn t ca C gp 11,905 ln khi lng nguyn t ca hiro. Hy tnh nguynt khi hiro ra u v gam. Bit rng nguyn t khi ca C bng 12.Bi 3.Kt qu phn tch cho thy trong phn t hi H2O c 88,809% O v 11,191% H theo khi lng. Bitnguyn t khi ca O l 15,999. Hy xc nh nguyn t khi ca hiro.

Bi 4. Trong 1,5 kg ng c bao nhiu gam electron ? Cho bit 1 mol nguyn t ng c khi lng bng63,546 gam, mt nguyn t ng c 29 electron.Bi 5. Nguyn t km c bn knh R = 1,35.10-10m, c khi lng nguyn t l 65u.

a) Tnh khi lng ring ca nguyn t km. Bit Vhnh cu =3

4.r3.

b) Thc t hu nhton b khi lng nguyn t tp trung ht nhn vi bn knh r = 2.10-15m.Tnh khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t km.

Bi 6.Nguyn t nhm c bn knh 1,430

A v nguyn t khi l 27.Hy xc nh khi lng ring khi lng ring ca nhm l bao nhiu ?

Bi 7. Tnh bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t canxi, bit th tch ca 1 mol canxi bng 25,87cm 3. Bit rng

trong tinh th cc nguyn t canxi bng 74% th tch.Bi 8.Nu thc nghim nhn rng nguyn t Ca, Cu u c dng hnh cu , sp xp t kht bn cnh nhauth th tch chim bi cc nguyn t kim loi ch bng 74% so vi ton th tch khi tinh th. Khi lngring iu kin tiu chun ca chng th rn tng ng l 1,55g/cm3; 8,9g/cm3v nguyn t khi cacanxi l 40,08u, ca ng l 63,546u.

Hy tnh bn knh nguynt Ca v nguyn t Cu.

Bi 9.Gia bn knh ht nhn (R) v s khi (A) ca nguyn t c mi lin h nh sau:R =1,5.10-13. 3 A Hy tnh khi lng ring ca ht nhn nguyn t.

Bi 10.Cho rng ht nhn nguyn t v chnh nguyn t H c dng hnh cu. Ht nhn nguyn t hiro cbn knh gn ng bng 10-6nm, bn knh nguyn t hiro bng 0,056 nm.

a) Hy tnh v so snh th tch nguyn t hiro vi th tch ca ht nhn nguyn t hiro.b) Hy tnh v so snh khi lng ring ca ht nhn v ca nguyn t hiro.Bi 11.Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca nguyn t Au 200C bit nhit khi lng ring cavng l 19,32g/cm3vi gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Au l nhng hnh cu chim 75% th tch tinhth, phn cn li l khe rng. Cho khi lng nguyn t ca Au l 196,97.Bi 12.Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca nguyn t Fe 200C bit nhit khi lng ring ca

Fe l 7,87g/cm3vi gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Fe l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th,phn cn li l khe rng. Cho khi lng nguyn t ca Fe l 55,85.

Bi 13. Tnh bn knh nguyn t gn ng ca nguyn t Ca bit V ca mt nguyn t gam Ca bng 25,87cm3. Bit trong tinh th cc nguyn t Ca chim 74% th tch, cn li l khe rng.I I . Ton v cc loi ht.

Bi 1.Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu : Br81

35 ; K39

19 ; Ar40

18 .Hy xc nh s proton, s ntron, s electron v in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca chng.

Bi 2.Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht cbn (e, p, n) l 82, trong s ht mang in nhiuhn s ht khng mang in l 22.

a) Xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v k hiu nguyn t.b) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t X v ca cc ion to thnh t X.

Bi 3.Tng s ht proton, ntron, electron c trong mt loi nguyn t ca ,nguyn t Y l 54, trong tngs ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 1,7 ln.

Hy xc nh s hiu nguyn t, s khi v vit k hiu nguyn t X.Bi 4.Mt kim loi M c s khi bng 54, tng s ht p, n, e trong ion M2+l 78. Vy nguyn t kim loi Mc k hiu no sau y?

Cr54

24, Mn54

25, Fe

54

26, Co54

27.

Bi 5.Bit rng tng s cc loi ht (p, n, e) trong nguyn t R l 40, trong ht khng mang in km hns ht mang in l 12. Xc nh tn ca nguyn t R v vit k hiu nguyn t R ( Bit ZNa=11, ZMg=12,ZAl=13, ZCa=20, ZK=19).


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Bi 6.Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 10. Hy xc nh s khi nguynt ca nguyn t X.Bi 7.Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t Y l 21.

Hy xc nh thnh phn cu to nguyn t, gi tn v vit k hiu nguyn t X.Bi 8.Tng s proton, ntron, electron trong nguyn t ca nguyn t R l 34.

Hy da vo bng tun hon xc nh nguyn t R.Bi 9.Nguyn t ca nguynt R c tng s proton, ntron, electron bng 54, s ht proton gn bng s htntron .

Tnh Z v A ca nguyn t nguyn t R.Bi 10.Cho cc nguyn t X, Y, Z. Tng s ht p, n, e trong cc nguyn t ln lt l 16, 58, 78. S ntrontrong ht nhn v s hiu nguyn t ca mi nguyn t khc nhau khng qu 1 n v.

Hy xc nh cc nguyn t v vit k hiu cc nguyn t.Bi 11. Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht (p, n, e) l 140 ht , trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s htkhng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca nguyn t M ln hn s khi ca nguyn t X l 23. Tng s ht (p,n, e) trong nguyn t M nhiu hn trong nguyn t X l 34 ht.

Vit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t M v X. Vit cng thc phn t ca hp cht M2X.Bi 12. Hp cht Y c cng thc MX2 trong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. Trong ht nhn M c sntron nhiu hn s proton l 4 ht. Trong ht nhn X s ntron bng s proton. Tng s proton trong NX2l58.

a) Tm AMv AX.b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca MX2.

Bi 13.Cho bit tng s electron trong ion AB 23

l 42. Trong cc ht nhn ca A cng nhB s proton bng

s ntron. Xc nh s khi ca A, B. Bit s khi ca A gp i ca B.Bi 14.C hp cht MX3. Cho bit :

- Tng s ht p, n, e l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60. Nguyn tkhi ca X km hn ca M l 8.

- Tng 3 loi ht trn trong ion X-nhiu hn trong ion M3+l 16.Hy xc nh nguyn t M, X ?

Bi 15. Nguyn t X c s ht khng mang in bng 53,125 s ht mang in v tng ht l 49. Nguyn t

Y c s ht mang in ln hn s ht khng mang in l 8 v s ht khng mang in bng 52,63% skhi. Tm s p,n, nguyn t khi vxc nh X, Y?

Bi 16. Hp cht c dng AB3, tng s ht p trong phn t l 40, trong thnh phn ht nhn A cng nh Bu c s ht p bng s ht n. A thuc chu k 3 ca bng HTTH. Xc nh tn gi ca A, B?

Bi 17. Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 34. Trong , ht mang in nhiu hn htkhng mang in l 10.a. Xc nh v tr ca X trong bng HTTH?b. Vit p iu ch trc tip X?

Bi 18. Cho hp cht XY2thamn:- Tng s ht p ca hp cht bng 32.- Hiu s ca X v Y bng 8 ht.- X v Y u c s p = s n trong nguyn t.

Xc nh nguyn t X, Y v suy ra hp cht XY2?Bi 19. Mt nguyn t kim loi M chim 52,94% v khi lng trong oxit cao nht ca n.

a. Xc nh M?b. Cho 20,4g oxit ca M tan hon ton trong 246,6 gam dung dch 17,86% ca hp cht vi hidro v phi

kim X thuc nhm VIIA, to thnh dung dch A. Gi tn X? Tnh C% ca dd A?Bi 20. M l kim loi to ra 2 mui MClx, MCly v 2 oxit MO0,5x, M2Oy. T l v khi lng ca clo trong 2mui l 1: 1,172, ca oxi trong 2oxit l 1: 1,35. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca M.Bi 21. Hp cht Y c cng thc M4X3. Bit

-Tng s ht trong phn t Y l 214 ht

-Ion M3+

c s e bng s e ca ion X4-

-Tng s ht p, n, e ca nguyn t nguyn t M nhiu hn tng s ht ca nguyn t nguyn t X trong Y l106. Xc nh hp cht YBi 22..Hp cht A c cng thc l MXatrong M chim 46,67% v khi lng. M l kim loi, X l phikim chu k 3. Trong ht nhn M c n -p = 4, ca X c n = p,, trong n, n, p, p,l s ntron v sproton.


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Tng s proton trong MXal 58. Xc nh tn, s khi ca M, s TT ca nguyn t X trong bng tun hon.Vit cu hnh e ca X.Bi 23 : Hp cht Z c to bi hai nguyn t M, R c cng thc MaRb trong R chim 6.667% khi

l ng . Trong ht nhn nguyn t M c n=p + 4, cn trong ht nhn ca R c n , = p , , trong n, p, n,, p , ls ntron v proton t ng ng ca M v R. Bit rng tng s ht proton trong phn t Z bng 84 v a+b =4.Tm cng thc phn t ca Z.Bi 24.Mt hp cht B c to bi mt kim loi ha tr 2 v mt phi kim ha tr 1. Tng s ht trong phn

t B l 290. Tng s ht khng mang in l 110, hiu s ht khng mang in gia phi kim v kim loi trong

B l 70. T l s ht mang in ca kim loi so vi phi kim trong B l 2: 7. Tm A, Z ca kim loi v phi kimtrn.Bi 25. Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M2+v ion X-. Tng s gt p, n, e trong phn t MX2 l 186 ht,

trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 54 ht. S khi ca ion M 2+ nhiu hnnhiuhn trong X-l 21 ht. Tng s ht p, n, e trong M2+ nhiu hn trong X-l 27 ht. Xc nh v tr ca M, Xtrong bng tun hon,Bi 26. Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M+v ion X2-.Trong phn t M2X c tng s ht l 140 ht, trong

ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 44 ht. S khi ca ion M+nhiu hn ion X2-l 23. Tng sht trong M+nhiu hn trong X2-l 31a. Vit cu hnh e ca X2-v M+

b. Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng HTTH.Bai 27. Tng s p, n, e trong nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t M v X ln lt l 82 v 52. M v X to thnh hp

cht MXa, trong phn t ca hp cht tng s proton ca cc nguyn t bng 77. Hy vit cu hnh e caM v X t xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH. CTPT ca MXa.Bi 28. X, Y, R, A, B theo th t l 5 nguyn t lin tip trong HTTH c tng s in tch ht nhn l 90 ( X

c in tch ht nhn nh nht )a. Xc nh s in tch ht nhn ca X, Y, R, A, B, gi tn cc nguyn t .

b. Vit cu hnh e ca X2-, Y-, R, A+, B2+. So snh bn knh ca chng.Bi 29.Phn t X c cng thc abc. Tng s ht mang in v khng mang in trong phn t X l 82. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 22, hiu s khi gia b v c gp 10 ln s khi caa, tng s khi gia b v c gp 27 ln s khi ca a. Tm CTPT ng ca X .

Bi30.

Mt hp cht c to thnh t cc ion M+

v2

2X . Trong phn t M2X2c tng s ht p, n, e bng164, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 52.S khi ca M nhiu hn s khi caX l 23. Tng s ht p, n, e trong ion M+nhiu hn trong ion 2

2X l 7 ht

a. Xc nh cc nguyn t M, X v cng thc phn t M2X2b. Cho hp cht M2X2 tc dng vi nc. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra v trnh by phng

php ha hc nhn bit sn phm.Bai 31: X v Y l 2 phi kim. Trong nguyn t X v Y c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mangin ln l t l 14 v 16.

Hp cht Z c cng thc l XYnc c im l:+ X chim 15,0486 % v khi lng+ Tng s proton l 100

+ Tng s ntron l 106Bi 32:Cho tng s ht p, n, e trong phn t MX2l 178 ht, trong hy nhn ca M s ntron nhiu hn s

proton 4 ht, cn trong ht nhnca X s ntron bng s proton. S proton trong ht nhn ca M nhiu hns proton trong ht nhn ca X l 10 ht. Xc nh cng thc ca MX2.

Bi 33:Hp cht M2X c tng s cc ht trong phn t l 116, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s htkhng mang in l 36. Khi lng nguyn t X nhiu hn M l 9. Tng s ht p, n, e trong X 2-nhiu hntrong M+l 17 ht. Xc nh s khi ca M v X.Bi 34: Tng s ht p, n, e trong phn t MX3 l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khngmang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s ht p, n, e trong X -nhiu hntrong M3+ l 16. Xc nh M v X.Bi 35:Nguyn t nguyn t X c s khi nh hn 36 v tng s ht c bn l 52. Tm s p, n v suy ra X?I I I . Ton v ng vBi 1.Oxi c 3 ng v l O168 , O

17

8 , O18

8. Cacbon c 2 ng v l 12C v 13C. Xc nh cc loi phn t CO2

c th to thnh. Tnh M CO2.Bi 3.Hidro c nguyn t khi l 1,008. Hi c bao nhiu nguyn t ca ng v 2H trong 1ml nc ( cho


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rng trong nc ch c ng v 1H v 2H, choOH

M2

= 18, khi lng ring ca nc l 1g/ml

Bi4. Trong t nhin ng v 37Cl chim 24,23,% s nguyn t clo.Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng37Cl c trong HClO4( vi hidro l ng v 1H, oxi l ng v 16O). Cho khi lng nguyn t trung bnh caClo l 35,5Bi 5. Nguyn t X c 2 ng v A v B.T l s nguyn t ca 2 ng v A v B l 27: 23. ng v A c 35pv 44n. ng v B nhiu hn ng v A 2 ntron. Xc nh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X.Bi 6.Mg c 3 ng v : 24Mg ( 78,99%), 25Mg (10%), 26Mg( 11,01%).

a. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh.b. Gi s trong hn hp ni trn c 50 nguyn t 25Mg, th s nguyn t tng ng ca 2 ng v cnli l bao nhiu.Bi 7. Trong t nhin Clo c 2 ng v l 35Cl v 37Cl c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 35,5. Tnh s nguynt ca ng v 37Cl, trong 3,65g HCl.Bi 8. Trong t nhin Brom c 2 ng v l 79Brv 81Br c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 79,92. Thnh phn

phn trm v khi lng ca 81Br trong NaBr l bao nhiu. Cho MNa=23Bi9.Trong t nhin Cu c 2 ng v l 63Cu v 65Cu . Khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Cu l 63,54.Thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca 63Cu trong CuCl2l bao nhiu ( bit M Cl = 35,5)Bi 10.Nguyn t khi ca B l 10,81. B gm 2 ng v 10B v 11B. C bao nhiu phn trm ng v 11Btrong axit boric H3BO3.

1. Hn hp hai ng v c nguyn t khi trung bnh l 40,08. hai ng v nyc s n hn km nhau l 2.ng v c s khi nh hn chim 96%, cn li l % cc nguyn t c s khi ln hn. Xc nh s khica mi ng v?

2. Mt nguyn t R c tng s ht l 95, trong s ht khng mang in bng 0,5833 s ht mang in.Tm s ht p, n, e v s khi ca R?

3. C 3 ng v ca nguyn t X, m tng s ht trong 3 nguyn t ng v l 75. Trong ng v 1, s p bngs n, ng v 2 c s n km thua ng v 3 l 1.a. Xc nh s khi ca mi ng v?

b. Trong X, s nguyn t ca cc ng v th nht, 2, 3 ln lt theo t l 115:3:2. Tm khi lng moltrung bnh ca X?

Bi 11.Trong t nhin nguyn t Clo c 2 ng v 35Cl v 37Cl c phn trm s lng tng ng l 75% v

25%.Nguyn t Cu c 2 ng v trong 63Cu chim 73% s lng.Bit Cu v Cl to c hp cht CuCl2trong Cu chim 47,228% khi lng. Xc nh ng v th 2 ca Cu.Bi 12: Cho H c 3 ng v 1H1, 1H2, 1H3 vi t l % t ng ng l:99,1%; 0,6%; 0,3%

O c 3 ng v 8O16, 8O17, 8O18 vi t l % t ng ng l: 97,3%; 2%; 0,7%.C bao nhiu phn t H2O c to thnh t cc ng v trn?

Nu cho mt mol phn t H2O hp th vo bnh P2O5 thy khi l ng bnh tng m gam, tinh m

Bi 13.Trong t nhin brom c hai ng v bn : Br7935

chim 50,69% s nguyn t v Br8135

chim 49,31% s

nguyn t.Hy tm nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom.

Bi 14.ng c hai ng v bn Cu6529

v Cu6329

.Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54.

Tnh thnh phn phn trm ca mi ng v.Bi 15.Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom l 79,91. Brom c hai ng v, bit ng v Br79

35chim 54,5% .

Hy xc nh nguyn t khi ca ng v 2.Bi 16. Bo trong t nhin c hai ng v bn: B10

5v B11

5. Mi khi c 760 nguyn t B10

5th c bao nhiu

nguyn t ng v B115

. Bit AB = 10,81.

Bi 17.Mt nguyn t X c 2 ng v vi t l nguyn t l23

27. Ht nhn nguyn t X c 35 proton. Trong

nguyn t ca ng v th nht c 44 ntron. S ntron trong nguyn t ng v th hai nhiu hn trong ngv th nht l 2 ht. Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X.Bi 18.Nguyn t X c 3 ng v l X

1chim 92,23% , X

2chim 4,67% v X

3chim 3,10%. Tng s khi

ca 3 ng v l 87. S ntron trong X2nhiu hn trong X1 l 1 ht. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X l28,0855.

a) Hy tm X1 , X2v X3 .b) Nu trong X1c s ntron bng s proton. Hy tm s ntron trong nguyn t ca mi loi ng v


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Bi 19. Cho mt dung dch cha 8,19 gam mui NaX tc dng mt lng ddung dch AgNO3 thu c20,09 gam kt ta . a) Tm nguyn t khi v gi tn X.

b) X c hai ng v, gi s s nguyn t ca ng v th nht nhiu gp 3 ln s nguyn t ca ng vth hai. Ht nhn ca ng v th nht c t hn ht nhn ng v th hai 2 ntron.

Tm s khi ca mi ng v.Bi 20. Trong t nhin bo(B) c hai ng v: B10

5v B11

5. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca bo 10,81.

a) Tnh phn trm ca mi ng v.

b) Tnh phn trm khi lng B11

5 trong axit boric H3BO3( Bit H l ng v H1

1 ; O l ng v O16

8 ).Bi 21. Trong t nhin ng v Cl37

17chim 24,23% s nguyn t. Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng

Cl37

17c trong HClO4v phn trm v khi lng Cl3517 c trong KClO3(vi H l ng v H

1

1; O l ng v

O16

8 ; K l ng v K39

19) ? Cho nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo bng 35,5.

Bi 22.Mt nguyn t R c 3ng v X, Y, Z , bit tng s ht ca 3 ng v bng 129, s ntron ng v Xhn ng v Y mt ht. ng v Z c s proton bng s ntron.

Xc nh in tch ht nhn nguyn t v s khi ca 3 ng v X, Y, Z ?Bi 23.Cho hp cht XY2to bi hai nguyn t X, Y. Y c hai ng v : Y79 chim 55% s nguyn t Y vng v Y81 . Trong XY2, phn trm khi lng ca X l bng 28,51%.

Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X, Y.Bi 24.Clo trong t nhin gmhai ng v Cl3517

v Cl3717

; Silic gm hai ng v Si3814

v Si3914

. Hp cht silic

clorua SiCl4gm c bao nhiu loi phn t c thnh phn ng v khc nhau.Bi 25. C hai ng v H1

1(k hiu l H) v H2

1(k hiu l D).

a) Vit cc loi cng thc phn t hiro c th c. b) Tnh phn t khi ca mi loi phn t.c) 1 lt hiro giu teri ( H2

1) iu kin tiu chun nng 0,1 gam. Tnh thnh phn phn trm khi

lng tng ng v ca hiro.Bi 26. Hiro c nguyn t khi l 1,008. Hi c bao nhiu nguyn t ca ng v H2

1trong 1 ml nc ( cho

rng trong nc ch c ng v H11

v H21

) ?

( Cho khi lng ring ca nc l 1 g/ml)Bi 27.Agon tch ra t khng kh l hn hp ba ng v : 99,6% Ar40 ; 0,063% Ar38 ; 0,337% Ar36 . Tnhth tch ca 15 g Ar iu kin tiu chun.Bi 28.Hiro c iu ch bng cch in phn nc, hiro gm hai loi ng v H1

1v D2

1. Hi trong

100 g nc ni trn c bao nhiu ng v D21

? Bit rng nguyn t khi ca hiro l 1,008 v oxi l 16.

Bi 29.Trong t nhin oxi c ba ng v O168 ; O17

8 ; O18

8, cacbon c hai ng v C12

6; C

13

6.Hi c th c bao

nhiu loi phn t kh cacbonic hp thnh t cc ng v trn ? Vit cng thc phn t v tnh phn t khica chng.Bi 30.Hiro c ba ng v H1

1, H2

1v H3

1. Clo c hai ng v l Cl35

17v Cl37

17. Hy cho bit c bao nhiu

phn t hiro clorua to thnh t cc ng v khc nhau v tnh phn t khi ca mi phn t.Bi 31.Trong t nhin oxi tn ti 3 ng v bn : O168 ; O

17

8 ; O18

8v hiro c ba ng v bn l : H1

1, H2

1v

H3

1. Hi c bao nhiu phn t nc c to thnh v phn t khi ca mi loi l bao nhiu?

Bi 32.Cho bit cc nguyn t S3216

, Na2311

. Hy xc nh s ht electron v tng s cc ht c trong ion S2- ,

Na+.

Bi 33.Mt loi kh clo c cha hai ng v v clo tcdng vi H2, ly sn phm ho tan vo nc c dungdch A. Chia dung dch A thnh hai phn bng nhau :

Phn 1: trung ho ht 125 ml dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,88M .Phn 2: Cho tc dng vi AgNO3 dthu c 31,57 gam kt ta .

Tnh phn trm s nguyn t ca mi ng v .IV. CU HNH ELECTRONBi 1: Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t c s hiu sau :

Sr (Z = 21) ; Ti (Z=22) ; V (Z=23) ; Cr (Z=24) ; Mn (Z=25) ; Co (Z=27) ; Ni (Z=28) .

Bi 2.Hy vit cu hnh electron : Fe , Fe2+ , Fe3+ , S , S2-, Rb v Rb+ .(Bit s hiu : ZFe = 26 ; ZS= 16 ; ZRb= 37 )


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Bi 3:Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca cc nguyn t sau:

6C ,

8O ,

12Mg ,

15P ,

20Ca ,

18Ar ,

32Ge ,

35Br,

30Zn ,

29Cu .

- Cho bit nguyn t no l kim loi , nguyn t no l phi kim, nguyn t no l kh him? V sao?- Cho bit nguyn t no thuc nguyn t s , p , d , f ? V sao?

Bi 4: .Cho cc nguyn t c k hiu sau : 2010

Ne , 3919

K , 3517

Cl .

Hy vit cu hnh electron v v cu to nguyn t .Bi 5.a) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 4s24p4. Hy vit cu hnh electron

ca nguyn t X.b) Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s electron cc phn lp p l 11. Hy vit cu hnh electronca nguyn t Y.Bi 6.Nguyn t R bt i 1 electron to ra cation R+cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Vit cuhnh electron nguyn t v s phn b electron theo obitan ca nguyn t R.Bi 7.Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca nguyn t R v ion X2- , Y+u l 4s24p6.

Hy vit cu hnh electron nguyn t R, X, Y v cho bit nguyn t no l phi kim, kim loi hay lngtnh ? V sao ?Bi 8.Nguyn t A khng phi l kh him , nguyn t c phn lp electrron ngoi cng l 4p. Nguyn t canguyn t B c phn lp electron ngoi cng l 4s.

a) Nguyn t no l kim loi , l phi kim ?

b) Xc nh cu hnh electron ca A v B. Bit tng s electron ca 2 phn lp ngoi cng ca A v Bbng 7.Bi 9.Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Bc tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 8.

Xc nh A, B. Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca nguyn t A, B.Bi 10.Phn lp electron cui cng ca hai nguyn t A, B ln lt l 3p, 4s . Tng s electron ca hai phnlp ny l 5, hiu s electron ca hai phn lp ny l 3.

a) Xc nh in tch ht nhn ca hai nguyn t A v B.b) S ntron ca nguyn t B ln hn s ntron trong nguyn t A l 4 ht v tng s khi ca A v B

l 71. Xc nh s khi ca A v B.Bi 11: Cc nguyn t no c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng l 4s1. Tm v tr cc nguyn t trong bng HTTH.Bi 12: Hy sp xp c gii thch cc ht vi m cho di y theo chiu gim dn bn knh ht: Rb+ (z=37),Y3+( z=36), Br_(z=35), Se2- (z=34), Sr2+(z=38)

-Cho cc ht vi m: Na, Na+, Mg, Mg2+, Al, Al3+, F-, O2-. Sp xp cc nguyn t theo chiu gim dn bn knhht.Bi 13. Nguyn t X , ion Y2+v ion B-u c cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p63s23p6.

a) Vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca Y v B .b) Cu hnh electron trn c th l cu hnh ca nhng nguyn t , ion no ?

Bi 14: Hp cht ion c to bi cc ion M2+v X2-. Bit rng trong phn t MX tng s ht l 84. S n vs p trong ht nhn nguyn t M v X bng nhau. S khi ca X2-ln hn s khi ca M2+l 8.

a. Vit cu hnh e ca M2+; X2-; ?b.

Xc nh v tr ca M v X trong bng HTTH?Bi 15: Nguyn t nguyn t X c s e mc nng lng cao nht l 4p5, t s gia s ht khng mang in

v s ht mang in l 0,6429.a. Tm s in tch ht nhn, s khi ca X?

b. Nguyn t nguyn t R c s notron bng 57,143% s p ca X. Khi cho R tc dng vi X th thu chp cht RX2c khi lng gp 5 ln khi lng R phn ng. Vit cu hnh e nguyn t ca R v

phn ng gia R vi X?Bi 16: Mt s nguyn t c cu hnh e nh sau:

a. 1s22s22p1 b. 1s22s22p6 c. 1s22s22p63s23p5

d. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s2 e. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p1

Xc nh v tr ca chng trong bng HTTH. Nguyn t no l kim loi? phi kim? Kh him?

Bi 17: Vit cu hnh e cc nguyn t c s th t: 19, 35, 52, 24, 83 v cho bit v tr ca chng trong bngHTTH? Tnh kim loi, phi kim ca mi nguyn t?Bi 18: Tng s ht p, n, e ca nguyn t mt nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh nhm VII l 28.

a. Tnh khi lng nguyn t?b. Vit cu hnh e?


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7

Bi 19:Cho cc ion : NO 3

, NH 4

, HSO 4

, bit ZN = 7; ZO = 8 ; ZH = 1 ; ZS = 16. Hy xc nh :

- Tng s ht proton , electron c trong cc ion .- Tng s ht ntron c trong c trong cc ht nhn nguyn t to nn cc ion .

Bi 20:Nguyn t A c cu hnh electron ngoi cng l 3p4. T l ntron v proton l 1:1. nguyn t B c sntron bng 1,25 ln s ntron ca A. Khi cho 7,8 gam B tc dng vi lng dA ta thu c 11 g hp chtB2A. Xc nh s th t , s khi ca A, B.Bi 21.S dng bng h thng tun hon, hy xc nh cc nguyn t v vit cu hnh electron nguyn t

di dng lng t nu cho bit cc nguyn t c Z bng 7 ; 14 ; 16 .Bi 22.Tng s ht proton , ntron , electron ca nguyn t mt nguyn t kim loi l 34.a) Xc nh tn nguyn t da vo bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc).

b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t ca nguyn t .Bi 23. Mt hp cht B c to bi mt kim loi ha tr II v mt phi kim ha tr I. Tng s ht trong phn

t B l 290. Tng s ht khng mang in l 110. Hiu s ht khng mang in gia phi kim v kim loil 70. T l s ht mang din ca kim loi so vi phi kim trong B l 2/7. Tm A, Z ca kim loi v phi kimtrn?

V.XC NH TN NGUYN T DA VO CT OXIT CAO NHT, HP CHTKH VI HIROBi 1: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R c dng R2O7. Sn phm kh cu R vi hidro cha 2,74% hiro v khilng. Xc nh nguyn t khi ca R.

Bi 2: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R c dng R2O5. Sn phm kh cu R vi hidro cha 91,18% R v khi lng.Xc nh nguyn t khi ca R.Bi 3: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R c dng RO3, trong hp cht ca R vi hidro cha 5,88% hiro v khi lng.Xc nh nguyn t khi ca R.Bi 4: Oxit cao nht ca ngt R c dng RO2, trong hp cht ca R vi hidro cha 75%cacbon v khi lng.Xc nh nguyn t R.Bi 5: Hp cht kh vi hidro ca mt ngt c cng thc HR. oxit cao nht ca n cha 58,92 % khi lngca nguyn t R. Tm nguyn t .Bi 6: Hp cht kh vi hidro ca mt ngt c cng thc H2R. oxit cao nht ca n cha 60% khi lng oxi.Tm nguyn t R v suy cng thc Oxit cao nht v hp cht kh vi hiro ?Bi 7:Mt nguyn t R c hp cht kh vi H l RH3. Oxit cao nht ca R cha 43,66% khi lng ca R

a. Xc nh nguyn t R.b. Cho 28,4g oxit trn ha tan vo 80 ml dd NaOH 25% ( d=1,28). Tnh C% ca dd mui sau phn ng.

VI. XC NH TN NGUYN T THUC 2 CHU K, 2 NHM LIN TIP TRONG BNG HTTHCu 1: A, B l hai nguyn t cng mt phn nhm v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH. Tng s

proton trong hai ht nhn nguyn t A, B bng 32. Hy vit cu hnh e ca A, B v cc ion m A, B c th tothnh.Cu 2: Hai nguyn t A v B hai phn nhm chnh lin tip trong HTTH. B thuc nhm VA. trng thin cht , A v B khng phn ng vi nhau. Tng s p trong ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 23.a.Vit cu hnh e ca A, B

b.T cc n cht A, B v cc ha cht cn thit, hy vit cc PTPU iu ch 2 axit trong A v B c soxi ha dng cao nht.

Cu 3: Hai nguyn t A v B hai phn nhm chnh lin tip trong HTTH. A thuc nhm VIA. trng thin cht , A v B phn ng vi nhau. Tng s p trong ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 25.Vit cu hnh e ca Av B. Xc nh v tr ca A v B trong bng tun hon.Cu 4: : Hai nguyn t A v B cngphn nhm chnh trong HTTH v thuc 2 chu k lin tip trong HTTH.B v D l hai nguyn t k cn nhau trong cng mt chu k.a)Nguyn t A c 6e lp ngoi cng. Hp cht X ca A vi H cha 11,1% H. Xc nh phn t lng caX suy ra A, B.

b)Hp cht Y c cng thc AD2trong 2 nguyn t A v D u t c cu bn ca kh him. Xc nh tnca D.c)Hp cht Z gm 3 nguyn t B, A, D c t l khi lng mA: mB: mD = 1: 1: 2,2. Hn hp gm 2 lit hica Y v mt lit hi ca Z c d/H2= 51,5. Xc nh cng thc phn t ca Z.Cu 5. Hai nguyn t A, B ng k tip nhau trong cng mt chu k ca bng HTTH c tng s in tch ht

nhn l 25. Xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng HTTH?Cu 6. A v B l 2 nguyn t lin tip nhau trong cng mt chu k. Tngs p trong hai ht nhn l 49. Vit

cu hnh e v xc nh v tr ca A, B trong bng HTTH?


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8

Cu 7. X v Y l 2 nguyn t thuc cng 1 nhm v hai chu k lin tip nhau trong bng HTTH. Tng sht p trong 2 ht nhn ca 2 nguyn t X v Y l 30. Vit cu hnh e ca X, Y?

VII. XC NH TN NGUYN T QUA PHN NG HA HCCu 1. Ha tan 28,4 gam 2 mui cacbonat ca 2 kim loi ha tr II bng dung dch HCl d thu c 6,72 lt

kh ktc v dd A.a. Tnh khi lng mui c trong dd A?

b. Xc nh hai kim loi, bit chng hai chu k lin tip nhau trong phn nhm chnh nhm II?c. Tnh % theo khi lng mi mui trong hh u?

Cu 2. em m gam hh hai kim loi kim tc dng vi HCl d thu c 2,24 lt kh thot ra ktc. C cnsn phm thu c 11,7 gam mui khan.a. Tnh m?

b. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim v khi lng tng kim loi, bit chng cch nhau 1 chu k trongbng HTTH?

Cu 3. Cho 7,2 gam hn hp 2 mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vidung dch HCl d thy thot rakh B. Cho kh B hp th ht vo dung dch Ba(OH) 2d thu c 15,76gkt ta. Xc nh 2 mui cacbonat v tnh thnh phn % ca chng?

Cu 4. Cho 3,1 gam hn hp 2 kim loi kim hai chu k lin tip tc dng ht vi nc, ta thu c 1,12 ltkh ktc. Xc nh 2 kim loi v % theo khi lng ca chng trong hh?

Cu 5. Ha tan 2,84gam hh hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi kim th thuc 2 chu k lin tip tc dng vidung dch HCl d thu c dung dch A v kh B. C cn dd A thu c 3,17g mui khan.a. Tnh th tch kh B ktc?

b. Xc nh tn hai kim loi?Cu 6. Khi cho 3,33 gam mt kim loi kim tc dng vi nc th c 0,48g hiro thot ra. Hy cho bit tn

kim loi kim ?Cu 7. Khi cho 0,6 gam mt kim loi thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng vi nc th c 0,336 lt kh

hidro thot ra ktc. Gi tn kim loi ?Cu 8. Cho 2 nguyn t kim loi hai chu k lin tip v u thuc phn nhm chnh nhm IIA ca bng

HTTH. Bit rng 4,4gam hh hai kim loi ny tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c 3,36 lt kh H2ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi ?

Cu9.Ha tan hon ton 17 gam hh hai kim loi kim A, B thuc 2 chu k lin tip nhau vo nc c 6,72lt kh ktc. Xc nh tn 2kim loi kim v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kim loi trong hh?

Cu 10. Ha tan hon ton 20 gam hh hai kim loi kim th A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip vo dd HCl d thuc 15,68 lt k ktc. Xc nh tn hai kim loi kim th v thnh phn % v khi lng ca mi kimloi trong hh?

Cu 11. Ha tan hon ton 14,2g hai mui cacbonat ca hai kim loi A, B lin tip nhau trong nhm IIAbng lng va dd H2SO4. Sau p thu c 3,36 lt kh ktc. Xc nh CTPT ca hai mui v % vk.l ca mi mui trong hh?

Cu 12. Cho 2 gam hh hai kim loi hai chu k lin tip v thuc phn nhm chnh nhm II tc dng ht vidd H2SO410% ri c cn thu c 8,72 gam hh 2 mui khan.a. Xc nh 2 kim loi?

b. Tnh khi lng dd H2SO4 dng?Cu 13. A v B l nguyn t hai chu k lin tip v thuc cng 1 phn nhm chnh, B di A. Cho 8gamB tan hon ton trong 242,4g Nc thu c 4,48 lt kh H2 ktc v dd M.a. Xc nh A, B v vit cu hnh e ca hai nguyn t?

b. Tnh C% ca dd M?Cu 14. Y l hidroxit ca nguyn t M thuc nhm IA hoc IIA hoc IIIA. Cho 80gdd 50% ca Y p ht vi

dd HCl ri c cn thu c 5,85 gam mui khan. Xc nh Y?Cu 15. Mt hh X gm 2 mui cacbonat kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH c

tng khi lng l 41,9 gam. Xc nh A, B v s mol ca cacbonat trong hh X bit rng khi cho X tcdng vi H2SO4d v cho kh CO2to ra p ht vi nc vi trong d ta thu c 3,5g kt ta.

Cu 16. Ha tan 7,83gam mt hh X gm 2 hai kim loi kim A, B thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng

HTTH c 1 lt dd C v 2,8 lt kh H2thot ra ktc. Xc nh A, B v s mol A, B trong C?Cu 17. Cho 0,345 gam mt kim loi c ha tr khng i tc dng vi nc thu c 168ml kh H 2 ktc.

Tm tn kim loi v v tr ca n trong bng HTTH?Cu 18. Ha tan mt oxit kimloi ha tr II bng mt lng va dd H2SO410% thu c dd mui c

nng 15,17%. Tm cng thc ca oxit kim loi ?


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11/18


12/18


13/18


13

A. 20 B. 22 C. 24 D. 26

CCuu 9966::Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s cc loi ht bng 115. Trong s ht mang innhiu hn s htkhng mang inl 25 ht. K hiu nguyn t ca X l:

A. X80

35 B. X90

35 C. X

45

35 D. X

115

35

CCuu 9977::Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht (p, n, e) bng 180. Trong cc ht mang in chim 58,89% tngs ht. Nguynt X l nguyn t no?

A. flo B. clo C. brom D. iot

CCuu 9988::Trong anion 23XY c 30 proton. Trong nguyn t X cng nh Y c s proton bng s ntron. X v Y l

nguyn tno sau y?A.C v O B.S v O C. Si v O D.C v S

CCuu 9999::Phn t MX3 c tng s ht proton, ntron v electron bng 196, trong ht mang in nhiu hn s htkhng mang in l 60. Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8. Tng s ht trong X-nhiu hn trong M+ l 16.Cng thc ca MX3l :

A. CrCl3 B. FeCl3 C. AlCl3 D. SnCl3

CCuu 110000::Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t 29Cu l:A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9 B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 D. 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10

CCuu 110011::Cu hnh electron ca 4 nguyn t:9X: 1s22s22p5 ; 11Y: 1s22s22p63s1 ; 13Z: 1s22s22p63s23p1 ; 8T: 1s22s22p4. Ion ca 4 nguyn t trn l:

A.X

+

, Y+

, Z+

, T2+

B.X

-

, Y+

, Z3+

, T2-

C. X-, Y2-, Z3+, T+ D. X+, Y2+, Z+, T-

CCuu 110022::Tng s electron trong anion 23AB l 40. Anion2

3AB l:

A.2

3SiO B.

2

3CO C.

2

3SO D.

2

3ZnO

CCuu 110033::Mt cation Rn+c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p6. Cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cngca nguyn t B c th l

A. 3s2 B. 3p1 C. 3s1 D.A, B, C u ng

CCuu 110044::Oxi c 3 ng v OOO 181811

18

16

18,, . Cacbon c hai ng v l: 12 136 6,C C . Hi c th c bao nhiu loi phn t

kh cacbonic c to thnh gia cacbon v oxi?A. 11 B. 12 C. 13 D. 14

CC

uu

11

00

55

::Hiro c 3 ng v HHH

3

1

2

1

1

1 ,, v oxi c ng v OOO18

18

17

18

16

18 ,, . C th c bao nhiu phn t H2O cto thnh t hiro v oxi?A. 16 B. 17 C. 18 D. 20

CCuu 110066::Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca clo l 35,5. Clo trong t nhin c 2 ng v l Cl35 v Cl37 . Phn trm v khi

lng ca 3717

Clcha trong HClO4(vi hiro l ng v H1

1, oxi l ng v O16

8) l gi tr no sau y?

A. 9,40% B. 8,95% C. 9,67% D. 9,20%

CCuu 110077::Hp cht M c to nn t cation X+v anion Y2-. Mi ion u c 5 nguyn t ca 2 nguyn t to nn.Tng s proton trong X+bng 11, cn tng s electron trong Y2-l 50.Bit rng hai nguyn t trong Y2- cng phnnhm chnh v thuc hai chu k k tip nhau trong bng h thng tun hon. Cng thc phn t ca M l:

A. (NH4)2SO4 B. NH4HCO3 C. (NH4)3PO4 D. (NH4)2SO3

CCuu 110088::Trong nhng hp cht sau y, cp cht no l ng v ca nhau:

A. K40

19v Ar40

18 B. O

16

18v O17

18 C.

2O v

3O D.kim cng v than ch

CCuu 110099::K hiu nguyn t XAZ cho bit nhng iu g v nguyn t X?A.S hiu nguyn t. B.Nguyn tkhi trung bnh ca nguyn t.C.S khi ca nguyn t. D.S hiu nguyn t v s khi.

CCuu 111100::Ta c 2 k hiu U23492 v U235

92, nhn xt no sau y l ng?

A.C hai cng thuc v nguyn t urani. B.Mi nhn nguyn t u c 92 proton.C.Hai nguyn t khc nhau v s electron. D.A, B u ng.

CCuu 111111::Trong k hiu XAZ th:A.A l s khi xem nh gn bngkhi lng nguyn t X. B.Z l s proton trong nguyn t X.C.Z l s electron lp v. D.C A, B, C u ng.

CCuu 111122::Mi obitan nguyn t cha ti a:A. 1 electron B. 2 electron C. 3 electron D. 4 electron

CCuu 111133::Pht biu no sau y lsai:A.S hiu nguyn t bng intch ht nhn nguyn t.


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B.S proton trong nguyn t bng s ntron.C.S proton trong ht nhn bng s electron lp v nguyn t.D.S khi ca ht nhn nguyn t bng tng s ht proton v s ht ntron.

CCuu 111144::Mnh no sau y khng ng?A.Ch c ht nhn nguyn t magi mi c t l gia s proton v ntron l 1 : 1.B.Ch c trong nguyn t magi mi c 12 electron.C.Ch c ht nhn nguyn t magi mi c 12 proton.D.Nguyn t magi c 3lp electron.

CCuu 111155::Obitan nguyn t lA.Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn m ta c th xc nh v tr electron ti tng thi im.B.Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn m ta c th xc nh c v tr ca 2 electron cng mt lc.C.Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn trong kh nng c mt electron l ln nht.D.Khu vc khng gian xung quanh ht nhn c dng hnh cu hoc hnh s tm ni

CCuu 111166:: Gi thit trong tinh th cc nguyn t st l nhng hnh cu chim 75% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l cc khe rng

gia cc qu cu, cho KLNT ca Fe l 55,85 200C khi lng ring ca Fe l 7,78g/cm3. Cho Vh/c =43r

3..Bn knh nguyn t

gn ng ca Fe l:A. 1,44.10-8 cm C. 1,97.10-8 cm B. 1,29.10-8 cm D. Kt qu khc.

CCuu 111177:: Trong cc cu hnh electron sau, cu hnh no vit sai?A. 1s2 2s2 122 222 zyx ppp B. 1s

2 2s2 12 22 yx pp

C. 1s2 2s2 12 22 yx pp1

2 zp D. 1s2 2s2 111 222 zyx ppp

CCuu 111188:: Mt nguyn t R c 2 ng v c t l s nguyn t l 27/23. Ht nhn ca R c 35 ht proton. ng v thnht c 44 ht ntron, ng v th 2 c s khi nhiu hn ng v th nht l 2. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguynt R l bao nhiu?

A. 79,2 B. 79,8 C. 79,92 D. 80,5CCuu 111199:: Cu hnh no sau y vi phm nguyn l pauli:

A. 1s2 B. 1s22s2 2p3 C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s3 D. 1s2 2s2 2p4

CCuu 112200:: Bit rng khi lng ca 1 nguyn t oxi nng gp 15,842 ln v khi l ng ca nguyn t cacbon nng gp

11,9059 ln khi l ng ca nguyn t Hiro. Nu chn112 khi l ng ca mt nguyn t ng v cacbon 12 lm n

v th O, H c nguyn t khi l:

A. 15,9672 v 1,01 C. 15,9672 v 1,0079

B. 16,01 v 1,0079 D. 16 v 1,0081

CCuu 112211::N.t M c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p4. phn b electron trn cc obitan l:

A. B.

C. D.

CCuu 112222::TTrroonngg cccc nngguuyynn tt c Z = 1 n Z = 20. C bao nhiu nguyn t m nguyn t c 1 eletron c thnA. 6. B. 4. C. 5. D. 7.

CCuu 112233:: Ht nhn ca ion X+c in tch l 30,4.10-19culng. Vy nguyn t l:A. Ar B. K C. Ca D. Cl

CCuu 112244:: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y ctng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 8. X v Y l cc nguyn t:

A. Al v Br B. Al v Cl C. Mg v Cl D. Si v Br.CCuu 112255::HHaaii nngguuyynn tt A, B ng k tip nhau trong mt chu k ca bng tun hon c tng s n v in tch htnhn l 25. A, B l

A. Li, Be B. Mg, Al C. K, Ca D. Na, K

CCuu 112266:: Nguyen t X, ion Y2+ va ion Z- eu co cau hnh e la 1s22s22p6. X, Y, Z la kim loai, phi kim hay khhiem?

A. X: Phi kim; Y: Kh hiem; Z: Kim loai. B. X: Kh hiem; Y: Phi kim; Z: Kim loai .C. X: Kh hiem; Y: Kim loai; Z: Phi kim. D. X: Kh hiem; Y: Phi kim; Z: Kim loai .

CCuu 112277::So electron trong cac ion sau: NO3- , NH4+ , HCO3- , H+ , SO42- theo th t la:A. 32, 12, 32, 1, 50 B. 31,11, 31, 2, 48


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15

C. 32, 10, 32, 2, 46 D. 32, 10, 32, 0, 50.

CCuu 112288::Nguyen to Cu co nguyen t khoi trung bnh la 63,54 co 2 ong v X va Y, biet tong so khoi la 128. Songuyen t ong v X = 0,37 so nguyen t ong v Y. Vay so ntron cua ong v Y t hn so ntron cua ong v X la:

A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 1

CCuu 112299:: Trong phan t MX2 .Trong o M chiem 46,67% ve khoi lng. Hat nhan M co so ntron nhieu hn soproton la 4 hat. Trong nhan X so ntron bang so proton. Tong so proton trong phan t MX2 la 58. CTPT cua MX2 la

A. FeS2 B. NO2 C. SO2 D. CO2

CCuu 113300::Nguyen t cua nguyen to R co tong so hat p,n,e bang 18 va so hat khong mang ien bang trung bnh congcua tong so hat mang ien.Vay so electron oc than cua nguyen t R la

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4CCuu 113311::Day nao sau ay c sap xep theo th t giam dan cua ban knh nguyen t va ion? Chon ap an ung:

A . K+ > Ca2+ > Ar B. Ar > Ca2+ > K+ C. Ar> K+> Ca2+ D. Ca2+> K+> Ar.CCuu 113322::Hp chat co cong thc phan t la M2X vi :Tong so hat c ban trong mot phan t la 116, trong o so hatmang ien nhieu hn so hat khong mang ien la 36. Khoi lng nguyen t cua X ln hn M la 9. Tong so hat trongX2- nhieu hn trong M+ la 17. So khoi cua M, X lan lt la :

A. 23, 32 B. 22, 30 C. 23, 34 D. 39, 16CCuu 113333::Cho nguyn t R, Ion X2+, va ion Y2- co so electron lp vo bang nhau. S sap xep ban knh nguyn t

nao sau ay la ung.A. R < X2+ < Y2-. B. X2+ < R < Y2- C. X2+ < Y2-< R. D. Y2- < R < X2+.

CCuu 113344::Trong cc nguyn t t Z =22 n Z = 30. Nguyn t noc nhiu electron c thn nht:A. Z =22 B. Z =24 C. Z =25 D. Z =26.

CCuu 113355::Nguyen to X thuoc loi nguyen to d, nguyen t X co 5 electron hoa tr va lp electron ngoai cung thuoclp N. Cau hnh electron cua X la:

A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s2 B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2 D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p3.

CCuu 113366::Mot nguyen t X cua mot nguyen to co ien tch cua hat nhan la 27,2.10-19 Culong. Hat nhan cua nguyent co khoi lng la 58,45.10-27 kg.

Cho cac nhan nh sau ve X:(1). Ion tng ng cua X se co cau truc la: 1s22s22p63s23p6. (3). X co 1 electron oc than.(2). X co tong so obitan cha e la: 10. (4). X la mot kim loi.

Co bao nhieu nhan nh khong ung trong cac nhan nh cho tren:

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4CCuu 113377:: HHaaii nngguuyynn tt X, Y hai nhm A lin tip trong bng tun hon. X thuc nhm V. trngthi n cht X v Y khng phn ng vi nhau. Tng s proton trong ht nhn ca X v Y bng 23. Hai nguyn t X, Yl

A. N, O B. N, S C. P, O D. P, S

CCuu 113388:: AA vv BB ll hhaaii nngguuyynn tt trong cng mt nhm v hai chu k lin tip trong bng tun hon. Tng s htproton trong ht nhn ca A v B l 32. Hai nguyn t l

A. Mg v Ca B. O v S C. N v Si D. C v SiCCuu 113399::TTrroonngg cc cc nngguuyy nn tt c Z = 1 n Z = 20. C bao nhiu nguyn t m nguyn t c 2eletron c thn

A. 3. B. 4. C. 5. D. 6.

CCuu 114400::Trong nguyn t, electron ha tr l cc electronA.c thn. B. phn lp ngoi cng. C. obitan ngoi cng. D.tham gia to lin kt ha hc.

CCuu 114411::S e ha tr trong nguyn t clo (Z = 17) lA. 5 B. 7 C. 3 D. 1

CCuu 114422::S e ha tr trong nguyn t crom (Z = 24) lA. 1 B. 3 C. 6 D. 4

CCuu 114433::Bn cht ca lin kt ion l lc ht tnh in giaA. 2 ion. B.2 ion dng v m. C.cc ht mang in tri du. D.nhn v cc e ha tr.

CCuu 114444::Lin kt ion to thnh gia hai nguyn tA.kim loi in hnh. B.phi kim in hnh. C.kim loi v phi kim. D.kim loi in hnh v phi kim

in hnh.CCuu 114455::Nhm hp cht no sau y u l hp cht ion ?

A. H2S, Na2O. B. CH4, CO2. C. CaO, NaCl. D. SO2, KCl.

CCuu 114466::in ha tr ca Mg v Cl trong MgCl2theo th t lA.2 v 1. B.2+ v 1-. C.+2 v -1. D.2+ v 2-

CCuu 114477::Hu ht cc hp cht ionA.c nhit nng chy v nhit si cao. B.d ha tan trong cc dung mi hu c.C. trng thi nng chy khng dn in. D.tan trong nc thnh dung dch khng in li.


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CCuu 114488::Cho m in: Be (1,5), Al (1,5), Mg (1,2), Cl (3,0), N (3,0), H (2,1), S (2,5), O (3,5). Cht no sau y clin kt ion ?

A. H2S, NH3. B. BeCl2, BeS. C. MgO, Al2O3. D. MgCl2, AlCl3.

CCuu 114499::Nguyn t c s hiu 20, khi to thnh lin kt ha hc sA.mt 2e to thnh ion c in tch 2+. B.nhn 2e to thnh ion c in tch 2-.C.gp chung 2e to thnh 2 cp e chung. D.gp chung 1e to thnh 1 cp e chung.

CCuu 115500:: Lin kt cng ha tr l lin kt gia 2 nguyn tA.phi kim, c to thnh do s gp chung e. B.khc nhau, c to thnh do s gp chung e.C.c to thnh do s gp chung 1 hay nhiu e. D.c to thnh t s cho nhn e gia chng.

CCuu 115511::Chn hp cht c lin kt cng ha tr.A. NaCl, CaO. B. HCl, CO2. C. KCl, Al2O3. D. MgCl2, Na2O.

CCuu 115522::Lin kt cng ha tr c cc to thnh gia hai nguyn tA.phi kim khc nhau. B. cng mt phi kim in hnh.C. phi kim mnh v kim loi mnh. D. kim loi v kim loi.

CCuu 115533::Loi lin kt trong phn t kh hiroclorua l lin ktA. chonhn. B.cng ha tr c cc. C.cng ha tr khng cc. D. ion

CCuu 115544::Cngha tr ca Cl v O trong Cl2O7, theo th t lA.7 v 2. B.2 v 7. C.4 v 1. D.1 v 2.

CCuu 115555::Cng ha tr ca N trong phn t HNO3v NH4+(theo th t) lA.5 v 4. B.4 v 4. C.3 v 4. D.4 v 3

CCuu 115566::Cho cc phn t sau: LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, CsCl lin kt trong phn t mang nhiu tnh Ion nht l:A. CsCl B. LiCl v NaCl C. KCl D. RbCl

CCuu 115577::a s cc hp cht cng ha tr c c im lA.c th ha tan trong dung mi huc. B.nhit nng chy v nhit si cao.C.c kh nng dn in khi th lng hoc nng chy. D.khi ha tan trong nc thnh dd in li.

CCuu 115588::Chn cu sai:A.in ha tr c trong hp cht ion. B.in ha tr bng s cp e dng chung.C.Cng ha tr c trong hp cht cng ha tr. D.Cng ha tr bng s cp e dng chung.

CCuu 115599::Nhm hp cht no sau y c lin kt cho nhn ?A. NaCl, CO2. B. HCl, MgCl2. C. H2S, HCl. D. NH4NO3, HNO3.

CCuu 116600::Chn cu sai: Lin kt chonhnA.

l trng hp c bit ca lin kt cng ha tr.B.vi cp e chung ch do 1 nguyn t ng gp.C.biu din bng mi tn t nguyn t cho n nguyn t nhn.D.to thnh gia nguyn t kim loi mnh v phi kim mnh.

CCuu 116611::Phn t no c lin kt cng ha tr khng cc ?A. HCl B. Cl2 C. NH3 D. H2O

CCuu 116622::Lin kt no phn cc nht ?A. H2O B. NH3 C. NCl3 D. CO2

CCuu 116633::Cho cc oxit: Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7. Dy cc hp cht trong phn t ch gm lin ktcng ho tr l:

A. SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Cl2O7 B. SiO2, P2O5, Cl2O7, Al2O3

C. Na2O, SiO2, MgO, SO3 D. SiO2, P2O5, SO3, Al2O3CCuu 116644::Xt oxit cc nguyn t thuc chu k 3, oxit c lin kt ion l

A. Na2O, MgO, Al2O3. B. SiO2, P2O5, SO3. C. SO3, Cl2O7, Cl2O D. Al2O3, SiO2, SO2.

CCuu 116655::Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca cc nguyn t l ns2np5. Lin kt ca cc nguyn t ny vi nguyn t hirothuc loi lin kt no sau y?

A.Lin kt cng ho tr khng cc. B. Lin kt cng ho tr c cc.

C. Lin kt ion. D. Lin kt tinh th.

CCuu 116666::Chn cu sai.A.Kim cng thuc loi tinh th nguyn t.B.Trong tinh th nguyn t, cc nguyn t lin kt vi nhau bng lin ktcng ha tr.C. Lin kt trong tinh th nguyn t rt bn.D.Tinh th nguynt c nhit nng chy v si thp.

CCuu 116677::Chn cht c tinh th phn t.A.iot, nc , kali clorua. B.iot, naphtalen, kim cng.C.nc , naphtalen, iot. D.than ch, kim cng, silic.

CCuu 118888::Chn cht c dngtinh th ion.


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17

A.mui n. B.than ch. C.nc . D. iot.CCuu 116699::S lng cc kiu tinh th in hnh l

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

CCuu 117700::Chn cu sai: Trong tinh th phn tA.lc lin kt gia cc phn t yu. B. Lin kt gia cc phn t l lin kt cng ha tr.C. v tr nt mng l cc phn t. D.cc phn t sp xp theo mt trt t xc nh.

CCuu 117711::Cht no sau y c lin kt hiro gia cc phn t ?A. H2O, HF B. H2S , HCl C. SiH4, CH4 D. PH3, NH3

CCuu 117722::Nhit si ca H2O cao hn so vi H2S l doA.phn t khi ca H2O nh hn. B. di lin kt trong H2O ngn hn trong H2S.C.gia cc phn t nc c lin kt hidro. D.s phn cc lin kt trong H2O ln hn.

CCuu 117733::So vi N2, kh NH3tan c nhiutrong nc hn vA. NH3c lin kt cng ha tr phn cc. B. NH3to c lin kt hiro vi nc.C. NH3c phn ng mt phn vi nc. D.trong phn t NH3ch c lin kt n.

CCuu 117744::Ging nhau gia lin kt ion v lin kt kim loi lA.u c to thnh do sc ht tnh in. B.u c s cho v nhn cc e ha tr.C.u c s gp chung cc e ha tr. D. u to thnh cc cht c nhit nng chy cao.

CCuu 117755::Ging nhau gia lin kt cng ha tr v lin kt kim loi lA.u c nhng cp e dng chung. B.u to thnh t nhng e chung gia cc nguyn t.C.u l nhng lin kt tng i km bn. D.u to thnh cc cht c nhit nng chy thp.

CC

uu

11

77

66

::Nu lin kt cng ha tr c hnh thnh do 2 electron ca mt nguyn t v 1 obitan trng ca nguyn tkhc th lin kt c gi l:

A. lin kt cng ha tr c cc B.lin kt cho nhnC.lin kt t do -ph thuc D.lin kt pi

CCuu 117777::Trong cc cht sau y, cht no c lin kt cng ho tr?

1. H2S 2. SO2 3. NaCl 4. CaO 5. NH3 6. HBr 7. H2SO4 8. CO2 9. K2S

A. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 B. 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9

C. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8 D. 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

CCuu 117788::Cc cht trong dy no sau y ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc?

A. HCl, KCl, HNO3, NO. B. NH3, KHSO4, SO2, SO3.

C. N2, H2S, H2SO4, CO2. D.CH4, C2H2, H3PO4, NO2CCuu 117799::Dy phn t no cho di y u c lin kt cng ho tr khng phn cc?

A. N2, CO2, Cl2, H2. B. N2, Cl2, H2, HCl.

C. N2, HI, Cl2, CH4. D. Cl2, O2. N2, F2

CCuu 118800: Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca ba nguyn t X, Y, Z ln lt l: 1s22s22p63s1;1s22s22p63s23p64s1;1s22s1. Nu xp theo chiu tng dn tnh kim loi th cch sp xp no sau y ng

A. Z < X < Y. B. Y < Z < X. C. Z < Y < X. D. X=Y=Z.CCuu 117799::Trong cc nhm A (tr nhm VIIIA) theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn th

A. tnh phi kim tng , m in gim B.tnh kim loi tng , m in gimC.tnh kim loi tng ; I

1tng D.tnh phi kim tng , bn knh nguyn t tng

CCuu 118800::C 2 nguyn t X (Z = 19); Y (X = 17) hp cht to bi X v Y c cng thc v kiulin kt lA.XY, lin kt ion B. X

2Y , lin kt ion

C.XY, lin kt cng ha tr c cc D. XY2, lin kt cng ha tr c cc

CCuu 118811::Ion X2-c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 2s22p6. Nguyn t X c v trA. th 10 chu k 2 nhm VIIIA B. th 8 , chu k 2 nhm VIAC. th 12 chu k 3 nhm IIA D. th 9 chu k 2 nhm VIIA

CCuu 118822::Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron:1s22s22p63s23p4. Cng thc oxit cao nht v cng thc hpcht vi hidro ca X l:

A. XO2v XH4 B. XO3v XH2 C. X2O5v XH3 D. X2O7v XHCCuu 118833::Nguyn t C trong hp cht CH4c kiu lai ha:

A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D.khnglai ha.CCuu 118844::Dy cc nguyn t no sau y -c xp theo chiu tnh kim loi t ng dn:

A. Al, Mg, Na, K . B. Mg, Al, Na, K. C. K, Na, Mg, Al. D. Na, K, Mg,Al.

CCuu 118855::Nguyn t O trong hp cht H2O c kiu lai ha:A. sp2 B. sp3 C. sp D.khng lai ha.

CCuu 118866:: CCccnguyn t P, N trong hp cht PH3, NH3c kiu lai ha:


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A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D.khng lai ha.CCuu 118877::Nguyn t C trong hpcht C2H2c kiu lai ha:

A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D.khng lai ha.CCuu 118888::Nguyn t C trong hp cht C2H4c kiu lai ha:

A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D.khng lai ha.CCuu 118899::Nguynt B trong hp cht BF3c kiu lai ha:

A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D.khng lai ha.CCuu 119900::Nguyn t Be trong hp cht BeH2c kiu lai ha:

A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D.khng lai ha.CCuu 119911::Nguyn t C trong tinh th kim cngc kiu lai ha:

A. sp3 B. sp2 C. sp D.khng lai ha.CCuu 119922::Hnh dng ca cc phn t metan, boflorua, nc, berihirua, amoniac tng ng l

A.t din, tam gic,thng, gp khc, chp. B.t din, gp khc, tam gic, thng, chp.C.tam gic, gp khc, thng, chp t din. D.t din, tam gic, gp khc, thng, chp.

CCuu 119933::Cho cc cht NaCl, CH4,Al2O3, K2S, MgCl2. S cht c lin kt ion l ( m in ca K: 0,82; Al: 1,61; S:2,58; Cl: 3,16 v O: 3,44; Mg:1,31; H:2,20; C:2,55)

A. 3. B. 2. C. 1. D. 4.

CCuu 119944::Tnh cht chung ca tinh th phn t lA. Bn vng, kh bay hi, kh nng chy. B. Rt cng, nhit nng chy, nhit si kh caoC.. Mm, d nng chy, d bay hi. D. Do, dn in, dn nhit, c nh kim.

CCuu 119955::Tng s ht proton, electron, ntron ca nguyn t ca mt nguyn t thuc nhm IIIA l 40..S hiu nguynt ca nguyn t l

A. 12. B. 13. C. 11. D. 14.

CCuu 119966::Nguyn tc no sp xp cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon sau y l sai?A. Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca khi lng nguyn t.B. Cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu tng dn ca in tch ht nhn.C.Cc nguyn t c cng s lp electron trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt hng.D. Cc nguyn t c cng s electron ho tr trong nguyn t c xp thnh mt ct.

CCuu 119977::Theo quy lut bin i tnh cht cc n cht trong bng tun hon thA. Phi kim mnh nht l iot. B. Kim loi mnh nht l Li.C. Phi kim mnh nht l oxi. D. Phi kim mnh nht l flo.

CCuu 119988::Tnh kh ca cc hirohalogenua HX (X: F, Cl, Br, I) tng dn theo dy no sau y?A. HF < HCl < HBr < HI. B. HCl < HF < HBr < HI.C. HF < HI < HBr < HF. D. HI < HBr < HCl < HF.

CCuu 119999::Tnh cht baz ca dy cc hiroxit : NaOH, Mg(OH)2, Al(OH)3bin i theo chiu no sau y ?A. Tng. B. Gim. C. Khng thay i. D. Va gim va tng.

CCuu 220000::Nguyn t v tr no trong bng tun hon c cu hnh electron ha tr l 3d104s1 ?A.Chu k 4, nhm IB. B.Chu k 4, nhm IA. C.Chu k 4, nhm VIA.D.Chu k 4, nhm VIB.

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