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'TERN Delivers for ecosystem science and management' - plenary presentation delivered by TERN Associate Science Directors Prof Stuart Phinn and Prof Andy Lowe at the 2013 TERN Symposium, 19 February 2013.
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TERN Delivers for Ecosystem Science and Management
By: Professors Stuart Phinn and Andrew Lowe TERN -‐ Associate Science Directors + Prof Tim Clancy, Dr Suzanne Long, Dr Bek Christensen, Dr Siddeswara Guru + TERN Facility Directors
Presenta=on Aims
To demonstrate how the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network:
• has enabled a more collabora=ve, coordinated and efficient approach to ecosystem science in Australia, and
• will con=nue to be built as essen=al infrastructure.
TERN’s Vision is for an Australian ecosystem science community that has undergone transformaEonal change -‐ from one in which effort is frequently fragmented, duplicaEve and short-‐term, to one that is naEonal, networked, and delivering for Australia’s future.
• TERN’s Vision
TERN provides “infrastructure” to enable development of a sustainable network of people and ecosystem data collec*on, discovery and sharing systems for advancing ecosystem science and management in Australia.
• TERN’s Scope
Instruments + Sensors
Policy + Management
Analysis + Synthesis
Modelling
Data Searching
Data Sharing
Data Cura=on + Publishing
Data Storage
Processing + Analysis
Collec=on Methods
• An esEmate of the number of “ecosystem” scienEsts from various sources, 2010-‐2012 :
• UniversiEes = 1619 FTE • CSIRO = 1127 FTE • Government agencies = ???? • NGO’s = ???? • Private Companies = ????
Sources: ERA 2010, CSIRO Internal Records
• TERN’s Scope: Australian Ecosystem Science Communi=es
Contents
1. Ecosystem science ques=ons being addressed using TERN
2. TERN’s impact on the ecosystem science research cycle
3. TERN’s impact on research data publishing and data-‐sharing
4. How to interact with and use TERN
5. TERN’s future roles in suppor=ng ecosystem science
Contents
1. Ecosystem science ques=ons being addressed using TERN
2. TERN’s impact on the ecosystem science research cycle
3. TERN’s impact on research, data publishing and data-‐sharing
4. How to interact with and use TERN
5. TERN’s future roles in suppor=ng ecosystem science
1. Ecosystem science ques=ons being addressed using TERN infrastructure
• Australian ecosystems
• Australian and global ecosystem science ques=ons
• TERN’s infrastructure for ecosystem science
• Australian ecosystems and ecosystem data collec=on
Sources: NASA, Geosciences Australia, Bureau of Meteorology and CSIRO
Land Cover Eleva=on Soils Mean Annual Run-‐off
• Australian and global ecosystem science ques=ons
• TERN’s Vision is underpinned by ac=vi=es addressing cri=cal ecosystem science knowledge gaps facing Australia:
1. How are the spa=al distribu=on and abundance of key Australian environmental assets (plant and animal species, Carbon stocks, and in some cases water) changing?
2. How are ecosystems and ecosystem processes changing, and what are the key processes driving change?
3. How are introduced plant and animal species affec=ng na=ve ecosystems?
4. How can we beXer monitor and manage ecosystems?
5. What is the impact of management interven=ons on Australian ecosystems and ecosystem processes?
• Ecosystem science ques=ons, local to global scales
Muller, F. (1992). “Hierarchical approaches to ecosystem theory.” Ecological Modelling 63: 215-‐242.
• Integrated long term monitoring – spa=al and temporal sampling
Longitudinal trends vegeta=on cover on Main Camp plots in the Simpson Desert Study -‐ cover of spinifex (alive and dead) assessed by eye at six fixed quadrats on 3 – 12 1-‐ha study plots, expressed as means ± SE.
Longitudinal trends in fauna popula=ons at the Main Camp site in the Simpson Desert Study: capture rates of Spinifex Hopping-‐mouse Notomys alexis
Dickman, C.R., Wardle, G.M., Foulkes, J. N. and de Preu, N. (2013) Desert complex environments. Chapter 10 . In: Lindenmayer, D.B., Burns, E., Thurgate, N., and Lowe, A. (Editors)(2013). Monitoring environmental change. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne.
• Integrated long term monitoring – spa=al and temporal sampling
Longitudinal trends vegeta=on cover on Main Camp plots in the Simpson Desert Study -‐ cover of spinifex (alive and dead) assessed by eye at six fixed quadrats on 3 – 12 1-‐ha study plots, expressed as means ± SE.
Landsat Thema=c Mapper -‐ October 2005
• Ecosystem science ques=ons, local to global scales
Muller, F. (1992). “Hierarchical approaches to ecosystem theory.” Ecological Modelling 63: 215-‐242.
10-3 10-2 10-1 100 101 102 103 104 metres Length Scale
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
Leaf Canopy Patch Region
Seconds
Minutes
Days
Years seconds
Leaf Level Observa=ons
Flux Tow
er
Aircrad Fluxes
Aircrad Remote Sensing
Satellite Remote Sensing
Land Surface Model
GCM
Plot Level Observa=ons
Leaf Level Physiology assumed to apply
Time
Scale
Direct measurement
Indirect measurement (remote sensing)
Modelling
Instruments + Sensors
Policy + Management
Analysis + Synthesis
Modelling
Data Searching
Data Sharing
Data Cura=on + Publishing
Data Storage
Processing + Analysis
Collec=on Methods
• TERN’s infrastructure for ecosystem science
Contents
1. Ecosystem science ques=ons being addressed using TERN
2. TERN’s impact on the ecosystem science research cycle
3. TERN’s impact on research, data publishing and data-‐sharing
4. How to interact with and use TERN
5. TERN’s future roles in suppor=ng ecosystem science
2. TERN’s impact on the ecosystem science research cycle:
increasing efficiency and effec=veness
• Ecosystem science research cycle(s)
• TERN’s infrastructure and its impact
• Examples of increasing efficiency and effec=veness
• Ecosystem science research cycle(s)
E c i
e n c y
g a
e a s e d
e e
c t i v
Storage,!preservation and!discoverability !
of data
Data analysis,!integration and !
synthesis
r
Ecosystem Science
Data + meta-data,!licensing
Research output:!new data and !publications!
Enables large scale and coordinated data
collection, sharing and multiple re-uses!
Enhanced ability to revise, question and expand knowledge!
Knowledge gap: research questions!
Proposal and planning!
Data collection, verification,
quality assurance and control!
• TERN’s infrastructure and its impact: Size of word = frequency of use in 2013 TERN Symposium abstracts
• TERN’s infrastructure and its impact
TERN infrastructure and processes provide:
-‐ Surety of data storage and archiving;
-‐ Na=onally and interna=onally accepted data licensing standards;
-‐ Data publishing as a viable research output;
-‐ Data cita=on as a measure of research impact;
-‐ Data to be verified and checked independently;
-‐ Mul=ple returns on an ini=al investment when data are re-‐used;
-‐ Data collec=on methods to be shared, reviewed and replicated;
-‐ Na=onally accepted data storage, meta-‐data and licensing resource;
• Examples of increasing efficiency and effec=veness -‐ Carbon dynamics -‐ Sustainable land use -‐ Biodiversity -‐ Monitoring -‐ Data
• Carbon Dynamics
• Big quesEons need big soluEons: Australia's carbon cycle
• DetecEng forest structure from space
• How will eucalypt forest ecosystems respond to increased atmospheric
carbon dioxide?
OzFlux measured GPP and simula=ons H. Cleugh & E Van Gorsel, CSIRO
EucFACE Experiment How elevated CO2 affects ecosystem processes of a mature evergreen sclerophyllous ecosystem D. Ellsworth, UWS
• Carbon Dynamics
• EvoluEon of Australia’s soil-‐carbon map
• Improving long-‐term predicEons of carbon and nitrogen dynamics in
Australia’s agro-‐ecosystems
• Estuarine and coastal carbon dynamics , CSIRO Blue Carbon Cluster
Soil Carbon Research Program (SCaRP)
• Sustainable land-‐use
• Working together to improve land-‐management outcomes naEonally
• Monitoring the success of rangelands management
• Persistence pays off for AusCover and partners
• NCRIS partners work together to build Soils-‐to-‐Satellites tool
min
max
mask Non-‐per
• Biodiversity
• Wave of exEncEons in the north shows history repeaEng
itself
• Improved federal capacity for biodiversity assessments
• NaEonally consistent taxonomic searching
• Analysis shows sharp decline of koalas in Queensland NSW
Mean koala popula=on per bioregion, a synthesis product
• Biodiversity – Integra=ng long term ecological studies
BOOK Monitoring Environmental Change (to be modified)-‐ Lindenmayer, D.B., Burns, E., Thurgate, N., and Lowe, A. (Editors; 2013). • 83 contribuEng environmental professionals (primarily ecological scienEsts) • Describe changes in a range of Australian ecosystems that have long-‐term research.
POLICY HANDBOOK -‐ Learning from long-‐term research to be@er manage biodiversity in Australia Emma Burns and David Lindenmayer – and book contributors
Core ecosystem study contents: • Chapter summary
• Key discoveries feature box
• IntroducEon
• DefiniEon of the system – including conceptual model
• Overview of studies show cased.
• Trends in environmental change and biodiversity based on plot data • General conclusions and recommendaEons
• Monitoring -‐ MulE-‐scale Plot Network Book
• Data
• Greater efficiency and effecEveness through TERN’s naEonal ecosystem
data infrastructure
• Discovering Australia's ecosystem data: the TERN Data Discovery Portal
• TERN’s licensing policy opens door on data
• Data partnerships bode well for sharing government ecological datasets
Contents
1. Ecosystem science ques=ons being addressed using TERN
2. TERN’s impact on the ecosystem science research cycle
3. TERN’s impact on research, data publishing and data-‐sharing
4. How to interact with and use TERN
5. TERN’s future roles in suppor=ng ecosystem science
3. TERN’s impacts on research data publishing and sharing
• TERN’s impact on research data: -‐ collec=on -‐ publishing -‐ sharing
• TERN’s impact on ecosystem science and management?
• TERN’s impact on research data collec=on:
Part of a Guinness World Record for Longest Ecosystem Monitoring Program?
Landsat 8 launch Tuesday 12 Feb 2013 0405 AEST
• TERN’s impact on research data sharing – helping change • Facility data storage portals – discipline relevant support
• Data and meta-‐entry tools and protocols
• Meta-‐data standards
• TERN Licences and Licensing Framework
• Links to naEonal research data catalog
• InternaEonal standard Digital Object IdenEfiers (DOI)
• Replicable, extendable and scale-‐able model for data storage and publishing
• TERN’s impact on ecosystem science and management
• Standardised data collecEon + analysis
• New conEnental data sets
• Reduce duplicaEon across jurisdicEons
• New knowledge and science
• Transferring science to management
• TERN’s impact on ecosystem science and management?
TERN infrastructure use for 2011-‐2012:
Es=mated member numbers for ecosystem sciences communi=es > 5000
NewsleXers Subscribers 1500
Interna=onal collabora=ons 53
Universi=es involved 17
State and Federal agencies 25
Commercial engagement 3
Interna=onal Partners 3
Peer reviewed publica=ons -‐ journal ar=cles 64
Conference papers/presenta=ons 112
End-‐user community (Uni, Gov, NGO, Industry) ~ 10-‐20,000
• Australian and Interna=onal Ecosystem Science Communi=es
• Linking Australian ecosystem science communiEes • Ecological Society of Australia • Biogeophysical (AMOS, OzEWEX) • Data collecEon, storage, processing: (ANDS, ALA)
• Enabling establishment of Australian Ecosystem Science Community and
CoordinaEng Group – Academies (AAS), Individuals (Fellows), peer-‐groups (Wentworth)
• InternaEonal collaboraEons:
• Data collecEon: CEOS, IGOOS, Fluxnet, GlobalSoils • Data storage/sharing: DataOne • Long Term Monitoring: iLTER • Integrated systems: NEON, CZO, EXPEER,….. • Synthesis Centres: NESCENT, SeSYNC, ……..
Contents
1. Ecosystem science ques=ons being addressed using TERN
2. TERN’s impact on the ecosystem science research cycle
3. TERN’s impact on research, data publishing and data-‐sharing
4. How to interact with and use TERN
5. TERN’s future roles in suppor=ng ecosystem science
4. How to interact with and use TERN
• Data Collec=on, Storage, Licensing and Publishing
• Data Analysis
• Australian and Interna=onal Ecosystem Science Communi=es
• Integra=on, Analysis and Synthesis
Ecosystem ScienEsts or Managers
Require data storage and licensing to publish data
and meta-‐data
Require access to data set(s) to use in research, monitoring, or management applicaEons
Require contact with ecosystem scienEsts or managers for research or integraEve/
synthesis acEviEes
TERN Portal Australian Ecosystem Data Discovery
TERN Facility Portals -‐ Meta Data -‐ Data -‐ Researchers -‐ Data CollecEon
Infrastructure
Other Australian Environmental Data Portals (IMOS, ALA,…)
InternaEonal Environmental Data Portals ( Fluxnet, GEOSS, …)
Other Australian Meta-‐data (ANDS)
• Data Collec=on, Storage, Licensing and Publishing
Ecosystem Scien=fic Community -‐ People -‐ Contacts -‐ Knowledge -‐ Equipment
• Data Analysis and the Other Bits……
• Methods, algorithms and documents available for public use
• Training for data collecEon , analysis
and publicaEon • Training for the ecosystem data cycle
Contents
1. Ecosystem science ques=ons being addressed using TERN
2. TERN’s impact on the ecosystem science research cycle
3. TERN’s impact on research, data publishing and data-‐sharing
4. How to interact with and use TERN
5. TERN’s future roles in suppor=ng ecosystem science
5. TERN’s future role in suppor=ng ecosystem science
• TERN’s Science Plan
The TERN science plan defines the acEviEes that are driving data collecEon, analysis, storage, sharing and synthesis
required for the science to management process . • What is TERN’s role in Australian ecosystem science? • What factors drive/influence the current acEviEes of TERN? • Why does TERN mawer / what advances is TERN enabling / how is TERN
delivering for the ecosystem science community • What is TERN’s role in the future of Australian ecosystem science?
Sustaining Long Term Environmental Data Collec=on Infrastructure – main stages of science plan
• TERN has an integral role to play in sustaining Australian ecosystem science
By 2022 the Australian ecosystem science community is using TERN infrastructure to:
• Collect, publish and share ecosystem data sets as standard pracEce
• Act collecEvely to address key ecosystem science and management quesEons
Long Term Funding
Coordinated Ecosystem Science Communi=es
Ecological Bio-‐geophysical Informa=cs
Spa=al Analysis & Modelling
Commonwealth, State and Local Governments
Research + Educa=on Ins=tu=ons
Sustaining Long Term Environmental Data Collec=on Infrastructure – main stages of science plan
• TERN will work with the ecosystem science communiEes to enable them to work collaboraEvely in an:
“Australian Ecosystem Science and Management Advisory Group” • IniEate acEviEes to:
(1) Determine the representaEon required for ecosystem sciences in Australia
(2) IniEate a process with relevant professional communiEes and bodies to develop a Decadal or Strategic Plan for Ecosystem Science
Sustaining Long Term Environmental Data Collec=on Infrastructure Helping make the case
• Ecosystem services are at risk ($30 trillion) • carbon dynamics • clean air/water • pollinaEon • health • food security
Notable problems in Australia with managing natural resources (exEncEons, degradaEon) Poor ability to report on change Technology driven area Australia can be world leader Ecosystem science has broad community Jobs and underpinning sustainable growth
Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services
Interna=onal Partners
TERN is supported by the Australian Government through the NaEonal CollaboraEve Research Infrastructure Strategy and the Super Science IniEaEve