Phát triển phần mềm linh hoạt - tuyennguyen.infotuyennguyen.info/TH2011_Intro2SE/slides/09-Agile method.pdf · Phát triển hoạch định sẵn và linh hoạt ! ... Phát

Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn

Pht trin phn mm linh hot

Ni dung ca slide ny da vo cc slide ca Ian Sommerville

Nguyn Th Minh Tuyn Nhp mn CNPM

Ni dung

vCc phng php linh hot vPht trin hoch nh sn v linh hot vExtreme programming vQun tr d n linh hot vM rng quy m cc phng php linh

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Pht trin phn mm linh hot

vPht trin v phn phi phn mm nhanh thng l yu cu quan trng nht i vi h thng phn mm hin nay Tc v thng mi thc hin nhanh yu cu lun thay i v

khng thc t nu nh ngha trc mt tp cc yu cu phn mm n nh.

Phn mm phi ci tin nhanh chng p ng c s thay i nhanh v nhu cu ca tc v thng mi.

vPht trin phn mm nhanh c t, thit k v ci t an xen nhau. H thng c pht trin nh l mt chui cc phin bn trong stakeholder tham gia vo vic nh gi cc phin bn.

Giao din ngi dng thng c pht trin s dng IDE v cc cng c ha.

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Cc phng php linh hot

vVo nhng nm 80 v 90, vic khng tha mn vi cc ph ph trong cc phng php thit k phn mm dn n vic to ra cc phng php linh hot: Tp trung vo m ngun hn l thit k. Da vo phng php pht trin phn mm theo kiu vng lp. Vi mc ch phn phi sn phm phn mm nhanh v ci tin

nhanh p ng cc yu cu thay i.

vMc tiu: gim cc ph ph trong quy trnh phn mm Bng vic hn ch vic vit ti liu v cho php tr li

nhanh cc thay i v yu cu m khng cn lm li qu nhiu.

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Tuyn ngn ca phng php linh hot

vChng ti ang tm ra nhng cch tt hn pht trin phn mm bng cch t tay pht trin n v gip ngi khc lm vic . Thng qua vic ny, chng ti i n ch nh gi cao: Cc c nhn v tng tc hn l quy trnh v cng c Phn mm hot ng c hn l ti liu y S cng tc ca khch hng hn l thng lng hp ng Tr li nhanh s thay i hn l lm theo k hoch

v l, d l cc im bn phi c gi tr, nhng chng ti nh gi cao cc im bn tri hn.

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Nguyn l ca phng php linh hot

Nguyn l M t S tham gia ca khch hng

Khch hng nn tham gia trc tip vo quy trnh pht trin. Vai tr: - cung cp v phn u tin cho cc yu cu mi ca h thng v - nh gi cc vng lp ca h thng.

Phn phi dn dn Phn mm c pht trin tng phn (increment) trong khch hng ch ra yu cu trong mi phn .

Ch trng vo con ngi hn l quy trnh

K nng ca nhm pht trin nn c nhn din v khai thc. Cc thnh vin ca nhm nn c t do lm vic theo cch ca h m khng cn n cc quy trnh nh trc.

Chp nhn thay i Hiu rng yu cu h thng s thay i, v vy thit k h thng sao cho c th chp nhn cc thay i .

Duy tr s n gin Tp trung vo tnh n gin ca c phn mm c pht trin v quy trnh pht trin. Bt c khi no c th, nn ch ng n lc loi b nhng im phc tp khi h thng.

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Tnh ng dng ca phng php linh hot

vPht trin cc sn phm nh v va bn. vPht trin cc sn phm t hng trong

vic khch hng chp nhn tham gia vo quy trnh pht trin c xc nhn r rng v

khng c nhiu quy tc v quy nh bn ngoi nh hng ln phn mm.

vV trng tm tp trung vo cc nhm pht trin nh, gn kt cht ch vi nhau, do c nhiu vn xy ra khi m rng phng php linh hot cho cc h thng ln.

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Cc vn gp phi vi phng php linh hot

vC th kh khn trong vic gi c mi quan tm ca khch hng khi h tham gia vo quy trnh.

vCc thnh vin ca nhm c th khng ph hp vi cng lm vic c th ca phng php linh hot.

vNu h thng c nhiu stakeholder th vic xp u tin cho cc thay i c th kh khn.

vDuy tr tnh n gin i hi cng sc. vHp ng c th l mt vn tng t cc

phng php vng lp khc.

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Phng php linh hot v bo tr phn mm

vHu ht cc t chc dnh nhiu thi gian bo tr h thng ang tn ti hn l h pht trin mi hon ton. V vy nu phng php linh hot thnh cng, h phi

h tr vic bo tr cng nh pht trin bn gc. vHai vn chnh:

Cc h thng c pht trin s dng phng php linh hot c bo tr c khng, nhn mnh rng trong quy trnh pht trin ta gim thiu ti liu mang tnh hnh thc?

Cc phng php linh hot c c dng hiu qu cho vic ci tin mt h thng tr li vic khch hng thay i yu cu khng?

vCc vn c th ny sinh nu nhm pht trin ban u khng c duy tr.

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Pht trin linh hot v hoch nh sn

vPht trin hoch nh sn Phng php hoch nh sn da vo cc giai on

pht trin tch bit vi cc u ra c to ra mi giai on c ln k hoch trc.

Khng nht thit phi l m hnh thc nc, c th l phng php pht trin dn dn.

Vng lp xy ra bn trong cc hot ng. vPht trin linh hot

c t, thit k, ci t v kim th an xen nhau v u ra t quy trnh pht trin c quyt nh thng qua

qu trnh thng lng trong sut qu trnh pht trin phn mm.

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c t linh hot v hoch nh sn

Requirementsspecification

Requirementsengineering

Design andimplementation

Requirements changerequests

Plan-based development

Agile development

Requirementsengineering

Design andimplementation

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Cc vn v k thut, con ngi v t chc

1. C cn c t v thit k rt chi tit trc khi chuyn sang ci t hay khng? Nu c, ta cn s dng phng php hoch nh sn.

2. Chin lc chuyn giao tng dn c thc t khng? Nu c, xem xt vic s dng phng php linh hot.

3. H thng cn pht trin ln n u? Cc phng php linh hot hiu qu nht khi h thng

c pht trin vi mt i ng nh lm vic cng mt ni v giao tip thn mt vi nhau.

H thng ln i hi i ng pht trin ln hn, do c th s dng phng php hoch nh sn.

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4. Loi h thng no c pht trin? Cc phng php hoch nh sn thch hp vi cc h thng i hi mt lng phn tch ln trc khi ci t ( v d h thng thi gian thc vi yu cu nh thi phc tp).

5. Thi gian s dng h thng? Cc h thng c mong i s dng cng lu th c th yu

cu nhiu ti liu thit k truyn t c nh ban u ca ngi pht trin h thng cho nhm h tr.

6. Cng ngh no sn c h tr s pht trin h thng? Phng php linh hot da vo cc cng c tt ghi li du

vt ca vic thit k lin tc thay i. 7. i ng pht trin c t chc nh th no?

Nu i ng pht trin phn tn hoc mt phn ca vic pht trin c gia cng bn ngoi th ta cn pht trin cc ti liu thit k giao tip gia cc nhm pht trin vi nhau.

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8. Cc vn v vn ha v t chc c nh hng n s pht trin h thng hay khng? Cc t chc cng ngh truyn thng c vn ha ca vic

pht trin hoch nh sn, v y l chun ca cng ngh. 9. Trnh ca ngi thit k v ngi lp trnh trong nhm

pht trin tt n u? Phng php linh hot i hi k nng cao hn phng

php hoch nh sn. Trong phng php hoch nh sn, ngi lp trnh ch vic chuyn cc thit k chi tit thnh m ngun.

10.H thng c chu s chi phi bi cc quy nh t bn ngoi khng? Nu mt h thng phi c duyt bi mt nhn t bn

ngoi th n cn n cc ti liu chi tit.

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Cc phng php linh hot

vAgile Modeling vAgile Unified Process (AUP) vDynamic Systems Development

Method (DSDM) vEssential Unified Process (EssUP) vExtreme Programming (XP) vFeature Driven Development (FDD) vOpen Unified Process (OpenUP) vScrum vVelocity tracking

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Extreme programming

vc xem l phng php linh hot ni ting v c s dng rng ri nht.

vExtreme Programming (XP) c mt cch tip cn cc oan i vi vic pht trin vng lp. Cc phin bn mi c th c xy dng vi

ln mi ngy; Cc phn c phn phi n khch hng hai

tun mt ln; Tt c cc test phi c chy mi phin bn

v phin bn ch c chp nhn nu cc test u thnh cng.

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XP v cc phng php linh hot

vVic pht trin tng phn c h tr thng qua cc bn release nh, thng xuyn.

vS tham gia ca khch hng ng ngha vi vic cam kt tham gia ton thi gian vi i ng pht trin.

vt nng yu t con ngi hn l quy trnh thng qua lp trnh cp, s hu tp th v mt quy trnh hn ch lm vic nhiu gi.

vCc thay i c h tr thng qua cc bn release thng xuyn.

vDuy tr tnh n gin thng qua vic ci thin thng xuyn m ngun.

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Vng lp to ra cc bn release trong phng php XP

Break downstories to tasks

Select userstories for this

releasePlan release

Releasesoftware

Evaluatesystem

Develop/integrate/test software

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Cc nguyn tc ca XP

Nguyn tc M t

Lp k hoch tng dn Cc yu cu c ghi li trn cc story card, vic quyt nh xem cc story no c nm trong mt bn release l ty thuc vo thi gian v mc u tin tng i gia chng. Ngi pht trin chia cc story thnh cc tc v.

Cc bn release nh Mt tp ti thiu cc chc nng hu ch mang li gi tr cng vic c pht trin u tin. Cc bn release ca h thng c a ra thng xuyn v thm tnh nng dn dn vo bn release u tin.

Thit k n gin Ch thit k va tha mn cc yu cu hin ti v khng hn.

Pht trin test trc S dng mt framework cho unit test vit cc test cho mt chc nng trc khi ci t tnh nng .

Ci tin m ngun Mong mun c nhm pht trin tham gia vo vic ci thin lin tc m ngun bt c khi no c im cn ci tin. Vic ny lm cho m ngun tr nn n gin v d bo tr.

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Cc nguyn tc ca XP

Lp trnh cp Ngi pht trin lm vic theo cp, ngi ny kim tra cng vic ca ngi kia v h tr m bo cng vic lun lun tt.

S hu tp th Cc cp pht trin lm vic trong mi lnh vc ca h thng, khng xy ra tnh trng mi ngi ch thng tho mt vng v tt c cc thnh vin ca nhm pht trin chu trch nhim cho ton b m ngun. Bt c ai cng c th sa bt c ci g.

Tch hp lin tc Mi khi mt tc v c hon thnh, n c tch hp ngay vo h thng. Sau mi ln tch hp nh vy, tt c cc unit test phi c chy thnh cng.

Tin bn vng

Lm vic qu gi qu nhiu khng c chp nhn do h qu thng l gim cht lng m ngun v gim nng sut trung hn.

Khch hng ti ch

Mt ngi i din ca ngi dng cui (khch hng) s lun lun sn sng tham gia. Trong mt quy trnh XP, khch hng l mt thnh vin ca nhm pht trin v c trch nhim a ra cc yu cu nhm ci t.

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Kch bn yu cu

vTrong XP, ngi khch hng hoc ngi dng l mt phn ca nhm XP v c trch nhim a ra cc quyt nh v yu cu.

vYu cu ngi dng c biu din di dng cc kch bn hoc user story. c vit trn cc story card v Chia nh cc story thnh cc tc v ci t. y

l c s lp k hoch v c lng chi ph. vKhch hng chn cc story cn c p ng trong bn release tip theo Da vo u tin v c lng v k hoch.

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Mt story v k n thuc

The record of the patient must be open for input. Click on the medication field andselect either current medication, new medication or formulary.

If you select current medication, you will be asked to check the dose; If you wish tochange the dose, enter the new dose then confirm the prescription.

If you choose, new medication, the system assumes that you know whichmedication you wish to prescribe. Type the first few letters of the drug name. Youwill then see a list of possible drugs starting with these letters. Choose the requiredmedication. You will then be asked to check that the medication you have selectedis correct. Enter the dose then confirm the prescription.

If you choose formulary, you will be presented with a search box for the approvedformulary. Search for the drug required then select it. You will then be asked tocheck that the medication you have selected is correct. Enter the dose then confirmthe prescription.

In all cases, the system will check that the dose is within the approved range andwill ask you to change it if it is outside the range of recommended doses.

After you have confirmed the prescription, it will be displayed for checking. Eitherclick OK or Change. If you click OK, your prescription will be recorded on the auditdatabase. If you click Change, you reenter the Prescribing medication process.

Prescribing medication

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Cc v d v card tc v cho vic k n thuc

Task 1: Change dose of prescribed drug

Task 2: Formulary selection

Task 3: Dose checking

Dose checking is a safety precaution to check thatthe doctor has not prescribed a dangerously small orlarge dose.Using the formulary id for the generic drug name,lookup the formulary and retrieve the recommendedmaximum and minimum dose.Check the prescribed dose against the minimum andmaximum. If outside the range, issue an errormessage saying that the dose is too high or too low.If within the range, enable the Confirm button.

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XP v s thay i

vTri thc truyn thng cho CNPM l thit k cho s thay i l dnh thi gian v n lc cho vic d on cc

thay i v iu ny s lm gim chi ph sau ny. vTuy nhin, XP khng nh rng vic s

khng c gi tr nu cc thay i khng c d on mt cch ng tin. Thay vo , ci tin m ngun lin tc thay i sau

ny d dng hn.

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Ci tin m ngun

vNhm lp trnh tm kim cc ci tin c th thc hin c v thc hin ci tin Ngay c khi nhng ci tin ny khng cn ngay. Lm tng tnh d hiu ca phn mm, v vy

gim c ti liu. Cc thay i d thc hin hn do m ngun c

cu trc v r rng. vTuy nhin, cc thay i ny yu cu

phi ci tin kin trc v iu ny i hi chi ph ln.

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V d v ci tin m ngun

vT chc li cy phn cp lp loi b cc on m b lp li.

vDn dp v i tn cc thuc tnh v phng php lm cho chng d hiu hn.

vVic thay th cc inline code bng vic gi cc phng thc c sn trong th vin chng trnh.

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Kim th trong XP

vKim th l im chnh ca XP v XP pht trin mt phng php trong chng trnh c kim th cho mi thay i.

vc im ca kim th trong XP: Pht trin test trc. Pht trin test tng dn t cc kch bn. C s tham gia ca ngi dng trong pht trin test v

thm nh. S dng test t ng chy tt c cc component test

mi khi to ra mt bn release mi.

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Pht trin theo hng test

vVic vit test trc khi vit m lm r cc yu cu cn ci t.

vCc test c vit nh l cc chng trnh hn l d liu c th chy t ng. Thng s dng mt framework test nh Junit chng

hn. vTt c cc test c v mi c chy t ng khi mt tnh nng mi c ci t v vy kim tra c rng tnh nng mi khng

gy ra li.

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S tham gia ca khch hng

vVai tr ca khch hng trong quy trnh kim th l h tr pht trin cc acceptance test cho cc kch bn s c ci t trong bn release tip theo.

vKhch hng vit test cho nhm pht trin. Tt c cc m ngun mi v vy phi c thm nh m bo rng n p ng c nhu cu ca khch hng.

vTuy nhin, nhng ngi ng vai tr khch hng thng c t thi gian ri v h khng th hon ton tham gia vo nhm pht trin. H c th cm thy vic cung cp yu cu l v c th s khng ho hng vi vic tham gia quy trnh test.

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M t test case cho Dose checking

Input:1. A number in mg representing a single dose of the drug.2. A number representing the number of single doses per day.

Tests:1. Test for inputs where the single dose is correct but the frequency is toohigh.2. Test for inputs where the single dose is too high and too low.3. Test for inputs where the single dose * frequency is too high and too low.4. Test for inputs where single dose * frequency is in the permitted range.

Output:OK or error message indicating that the dose is outside the safe range.

Test 4: Dose checking

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Test t ng

vTest t ng ngha l cc test c vit di dng cc component chy c trc khi tc v c ci t Cc component ny nn ng c lp, m phng u vo c

test v nn kim tra rng u ra tha mn c t. Mt framework t ng (JUnit) l mt h thng lm cho vic vit cc test chy c d dng hn.

vV test t ng nn cc test c thc thi d dng v nhanh chng Mi khi mt chc nng c thm vo h thng, cc test phi c chy v vn xy ra thng l do m ngun mi gy ra.

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Kh khn ca kim th trong XP

v Ngi lp trnh thch lp trnh hn l kim th Do thng i tt trong vic vit test V d, n c th vit cc test khng hon chnh hoc khng kim tra

tt c cc ngoi l. v Mt s test kh c th vit theo kiu tng dn.

V d, trong mt giao din ngi dng phc tp, thng kh vit cc unit test cho m ngun ci t display logic v cc lung chuyn tip gia cc mn hnh.

v Kh nh gi c tnh y ca b test B test cng khng th bao ph ht c tt c.

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Lp trnh cp

vTrong XP, ngi lp trnh lm vic theo cp, ngi cng nhau ti mt ni pht trin m ngun. iu ny gip cho vic pht trin m ngun chung v

m rng kin thc ca c i. c dng nh l mt quy trnh duyt khng hnh thc

v mi dng m ngun c xem xt bi nhiu hn 1 ngi.

vKhuyn khch ci tin v ton b nhm c th hng li t vic ny.

vVic o t cho thy nng sut ca vic lp trnh cp tng ng vi nng sut ca hai ngi lm vic c lp.

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Lp trnh cp

vCc cp c to ra mt cch linh ng sao cho tt c cc thnh vin u c th lm vic vi nhau trong sut quy trnh pht trin.

vVic chia s kin thc xy ra khi lm vic cp l quan trng v n gim i cc nguy c cho d n khi c thnh vin ri khi nhm.

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Li ch ca lp trnh cp

vN h tr tng s hu nhm v trch nhim chung i vi h thng. Cc c nhn khng phi chu trch nhim cho cc vn v m

ngun. Thay vo , c nhm chu trch nhim gii quyt cc vn ny.

vN hot ng nh mt quy trnh review khng chnh thc v mi dng lnh c xem xt bi t nht 2 ngi.

vH tr ci tin m ngun Khi p dng lp trnh cp v s hu tp th, nhng ngi khc c

li trc tip t vic ci tin v vy h s d h tr qu trnh ny.

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Scrum

vL phng php tng qut. vTp trung vo qun l vic pht trin

vng lp hn l cc nguyn l v phng php linh hot.

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Quy trnh Scrum

Outline planningand architectural

designProject closure

Assess Select

Review Develop

Sprint cycle

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Chu trnh Sprint

v di Sprint c nh, thng t 2-4 tun. Tng ng vi s pht trin ca mt bn

release ca h thng. vim bt u cho k hoch l product

backlog, l danh sch cc cng vic phi lm trong d n.

vPha chn gm c nhm pht trin d n lm vic vi khch hng chn ra cc c tnh v chc nng c ci t trong sprint.

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Chu trnh Sprint

vMt khi cc chc nng c la chn, nhm t t chc pht trin phn mm. Trong sut giai on ny, ngi khch hng b tch ra

khi nhm v tt c cc lin lc u thng qua Scrum master.

vVai tr ca Scrum master l bo v nhm pht trin khi s phn tn bn ngoi.

v Vo cui sprint, cng vic thc hin c duyt li v gii thiu cho stakeholder. Chu trnh sprint tip theo li bt u.

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Nhm lm vic trong Scrum

vScrum master l ngi t chc hp hng ngy, theo di tin cng vic, giao tip vi khch hng v qun l bn ngoi nhm.

vTon i tham d mt cuc hp ngn hng ngy trong cc thnh vin chia s thng tin, m t tin ca h, cc vn pht sinh v ln k hoch cho ngy tip theo. Ngha l mi ngi bit ci g ang din ra, vn pht sinh v ln

k hoch ngn hn p ng s thay i.

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Li ch ca Scrum

vSn phm c chia thnh cch phn nh d hiu v d qun l.

vCc yu cu khng n nh s khng lm chm tr tin .

vTon i thy c mi th v v vy giao tip nhm c ci thin.

vKhch hng nhn tng phn ng hn v gi phn hi v sn phm.

vNim tin gia khch hng v i pht trin tng ln v mt vn ha tch cc c to ra trong mi ngi u mong mun d n thnh cng.

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M rng quy m

vCc phng php linh hot c chng minh l mt phng php thnh cng cho cc d n va v nh c pht trin bi nhm nh lm vic ti cng mt ni.

vS thnh cng ca cc phng php ny do vic ci thin giao tip gia cc thnh vin khi mi ngi lm vic cng nhau.

vVic m rng quy m cc phng php linh hot gm thay i cc phng php ny ph hp vi nhng

d n ln hn, cc t chc ln s dng phng php ny pht trin ng dng.

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Vic pht trin cc h thng ln

v Cc h thng ln thng l tp hp cc h thng ri rc, tng tc vi nhau.

v C cc nhm pht trin ring cho tng h thng con. Cc nhm ny thng c phn tn nhiu a im khc nhau.

v Cc h thng ln ny thng l brownfield systems Gm c mt s cc h thng con ang tn ti v tng tc vi cc

h thng ny. Nhiu yu cu h thng lin quan n tng tc v v vy khng

tht s cn tnh linh ng v pht trin tng dn. v Vi h thng con c tch hp to ra mt h thng

ln, do vic pht trin lin quan nhiu n cu hnh h thng hn l pht trin m ngun mi.

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Vic pht trin cc h thng ln

vCc h thng ln v quy trnh pht trin ca chng thng rng buc bi cc yu t v quy nh bn ngoi lm hn ch cch chng c pht trin.

vCc h thng ln c thi gian pht trin v s dng di. Kh c th duy tr cc nhm pht trin trong mt thi

gian di v tt nhin cc thnh vin c th thay i cng vic v d n.

vCc h thng ln thng c mt tp a dng cc stakeholder. S khng thc t nu a tt c cc stakeholder ny vo trong quy trnh pht trin.

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Scaling out v scaling up

vScaling up lin quan n vic s dng cc phng php linh hot pht trin cc h thng phn mm ln m n khng th c pht trin bi cc nhm nh.

vScaling out lin quan n cch cc phng php linh hot c gii thiu n cc t chc c nhiu nm kinh nghim v sn xut phn mm.

vKhi m rng quy m cc phng php linh hot cn gi li cc nn tng linh hot K hoch linh ng, cc bn release ra thng xuyn, tch hp lin

tc, pht trin theo hng kim th v giao tip nhm tt.

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Scaling up cho cc h thng ln

vi vi vic pht trin cc h thng ln, khng th ch tp trung vo m ngun ca h thng. Ta cn thm nhiu thit k v ti liu h thng.

vC ch giao tip gia cc nhm phi c thit k v s dng. C th s dng lin lc qua in thoi hoc video conference

thng xuyn gia cc nhm v cc cuc hp in t ngn, thng xuyn trong cc nhm cp nht tin ca mnh.

vTch hp thng xuyn, trong ton b h thng c build li mi khi ngi pht trin kim tra mt thay i, trn thc t th kh thc hin. Tuy nhin, vic build h thng thng xuyn v to ra cc

bn release thng xuyn l cn thit.

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Scaling out cho cc cng ty ln

vNgi qun tr d n khng c kinh nghim vi phng php linh hot c th s min cng chp nhn phng php mi.

vCc t chc ln thng c cc th tc v chun v cht lng cn phi tun theo. V bn cht ny, cc t chc thng kh tng thch vi cc phng php linh hot.

vCc phng php linh hot c xem l hiu qu khi cc thnh vin c k nng tng i cao. Tuy nhin, trong cc t chc ln, k nng v kh nng thng khng ng u.

vC th vn ha ca cng ty s cn tr vic s dng phng php linh hot, c bit l nhng t chc c mt thi gian di s dng cc quy trnh cng ngh truyn thng.

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Phát triển phần mềm linh hoạt - tuyennguyen.infotuyennguyen.info/TH2011_Intro2SE/slides/09-Agile method.pdf · Phát triển hoạch định sẵn và linh hoạt ! ... Phát