1CHNG 4

PH GIA HO HC CHO XI MNG V B TNG

2NH NGHA V PHN LOI

Khi nim: L nhng cht c a vo vi hm lng nht nh so vi hm

lng xi mng lm thay i mt s tnh cht ca xi mng, b tng trc v sau khi ng rn.

Ci thin tnh cht b tng va trn Tng linh ng, st, ko di thi gian duy tr st Lm chm hoc tng nhanh qu trnh ninh kt. Trnh s phn tng, tch nc B tng khng b co ngt hoc n th tch cht t. Ch b tng ti i xa, to kh nng bm b tng ln cao

3Ci thin tnh cht ca b tngsau khi ha cng

Tng cng sm Tng cng chu nn, chu ko Tng chng thm Lm chm qu trnh ta nhit Hn ch s n th tch To s dnh bm b tng c v mi. To mu sc cho b tng. Tng dnh kt ca b tng vi ct thp.

4Phn loi

Tiu chun Vit Nam ( TCVN 325:2004 ) Tiu chun Php NF.P18-103 Tiu chun Nga Tiu chun M (ASTM C494.86) Tiu chun ACI

5Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 325:2004

Ph gia ho do gim nc (Water-reducing admixtures). Ph gia chm ng kt (Retarding admixtures). Ph gia ng rn nhanh (Accelerating admixtures). Ph gia ho do - chm ng kt (Water-reducing

and retarding admixtures). Ph gia ho do - ng rn nhanh (Water-reducing and

accelerating admixtures). Ph gia siu do - chm ng kt (Water-reducing, high

range, and retarding admixtures). Ph gia siu do (gim nc mc cao) (Water-

reducing, high range admixtures).

6Tiu chun M ASTM C.494-86 Loi A: ph gia gim nc. Loi B: ph gia chm ninh kt. Loi C: ph gia nhanh ninh kt. Loi D: ph gia gim nc v chm ninh kt. Loi E: ph gia gim nc v nhanh ninh kt. Loi F: ph gia gim nc v nhanh ninh kt cao

cp (siu do). Loi G: ph gia gim nc v chm ninh kt cao

cp (siu do).

7TIU CHUN ACI-VIN B TNG M Ph gia tng nhanh ha rn Ph gia gim nc v iu chnh tc ninh kt Ph gia cho va trm trong cng tc khoan pht Ph gia tng hm lng kh trong b tng Ph gia n Ph gia chng thm Ph gia trm v sa cc kt cu b h hng. Ph gia hn ch tng tc c hi ca silic-kim Ph gia c ch n mn kim loi Ph gia dit nm khun v cn trng Ph gia iu chnh s tch nc Ph gia to mu sc. Cc ph gia khong.

8SN PHM SIKA

9Phn loi theo cng dng

Ph gia iu chnh s ng rn ca b tng v va Tng nhanh ng cng b tng Chm ng cng b tng

Ph gia gim nc thng Tng do, gim nc 10% Cng tng 15-25%

Ph gia gim nc bc cao ( ph gia siu do) Gim 25-30% lng nc trn Tng cng khong 30-40% st tng 4 ln

10

Phn loi theo ng dng Ph gia cun kh

Tc dng li cun mt phn khng kh vo trong b tng.

Bt kh nh ng knh t 10-1000m Tng lu ng, gim phn tng tit nc

Ph gia hot tnh puzoland TCVN 3735-82 t diatomit, tro ni la, bazan, phin st Tng c chc, tnh chng thm, gim nhit thy

ha, gim phn tng. Ko di thi gian ng kt, chm pht trin cng

3,7 ngy.

11

Phn loi theo ng dng

Tro bay Gim nhit thy ha, dng cho BT khi ln Gim lng nc trn Gim phn tng, tit nc Gim thm nc, tng tnh bn trong mi trng

nc, chm s ng kt Silicafum

ng knh 0.01-10m Tng cng , c chc Khng dng qu 10%

12

Ph gia x l cao TCVN 4315-1986 , x thu c trong qu trnh luyn gang v lm

ngui nhanh to thnh ht pha thy tinh. T din ca x :3500 -5000cm2 /g Gim nhit thy ha, tng c chc Tng bn trong nc, nc bin. Tng tnh d ca b tng

Ph gia tro tru Ph gia n Ph gia chng thm nc Ph gia c ch n mn ct thp

Phn loi theo ng dng

13

PH GIA HA DOPhn loi PGSD theo bn cht ha hc

- Ph gia gc Lignosulphunates (LSF)

HC C

HCH

NaSO3

OHOH

HO OCH3

O

n

14

Tc dng Tng st hn hp b tng Gim nc thp: mc gim nc ti a l

12% Gim lng xi mng, tng cng C tc dng lm chm ng kt khi s dng

hm lng cao

Ngun gc Sn phm ca qu trnh sn xut bt giy t g.Polymer ca phenyl propane vi nhm hydroxyl (OH), methoxyl (OCH3), vng phenyl (C6H5), vaxit sulfnoic (SO3H)

PH GIA HA DO

15

C ch tc dng

Cc phn t hp th trn b mt xi mngTo lp mng mng chng s keo t ca xi mngNhm lm tng do ca hn hp, gim phn tng ca va v gim lng nc trn.

16

nh hng ph gia n tnh cht b tng

Ph gia gim nc Tc dng gim nc Tc dng tng st Tc dng iu chnh thi gian ninh kt Tc dng n tch nc Tc dng n cun kh

17

nh hng ph gia n tnh cht b tng

Ph gia lm chm Tc dng thi gian ninh kt Tc dng n st Tc dng n tch nc Tc dng n cun kh

18

PH GIA HA DOPhn loi PGSD theo bn cht ha hc

- Ph gia gc Sulfonates Napthalene Formaldehyte (SNF)

Ngun gc : Thu c khi chng ct than kh hoc cth tng hp t cc cht hu c

Tc dng:+ Gim nc ti a l 25%+ Lm gim cng ban u

SO3HH2SO4+SO3H CH2 *

n

NaOH

SO3Na CH2 *

n

CH2O

19

PH GIA HA DOPhn loi PGSD theo bn cht ha hc

- Ph gia gc Sulfonates Melamine Formaldehyte (SMF)

Ngun gc : to thnh t gc tng hp melamin vformaldehyte

Tc dng:+ Gim nc ti a l 25%+ To cng sm+ S dng thch hp trong iu kin nng m

20

PH GIA HA DOTng hp SMF

- Ph gia gc Sulfonates Melamine Formaldehyte (SMF)

CN

CNC

N N H 2

N H 2

NH 2 CN

CNC

N N H C H 2 O H

N H C H 2 O H

H O H 2 C H N

CN

CNC

N N H C H 2 O H

N H C H 2 S O 3 N a

H O H 2 C H N

CN

CNC

N N H C H 2

N C H 2 S O 3 N a

O H 2 C H N OH

n

H

C H 2 O3

F o rm a d e h yd e

M e la m in e T rim e th y lo l m e la m in e

S o d iu m b isu lfiteN a H S O 3

P o lym e riza tio n

21

PH GIA HA DOPhn loi PGSD theo bn cht ha hc

- Ph gia gc Vinylcopolymer

Ngun gc : L sn phm ca qu trnh tng hp du th Tc dng:

+ Gim nc ti a l 30%+ Ko di thi gian thi cng+ To ra kh nng tng thch cao vi cc loi XM hn

hp

22

PH GIA HA DOPhn loi PGSD theo bn cht ha hc

- Ph gia gc Polycacboxylate

Ngun gc : c tng hp t cc polymer cao phn tdng cht khi mo l peroxy

Tc dng:+ Gim nc ti a n 40%+ Duy tr tnh cng tc cao+ To cng sm

C=O

3

MO

n

H3

2CH C 2CH

C=O

R

CH

O2

l

CH 2

Om

3C H

(Copolymer of carboxylic acrylic acid with acrylic ester)

R = C HM = Na

23

C CH TC DNG CA PG HA DOHa do do gim sc cng b mt

- Cht hot ng b mt bao gm 2 phn:+ Phn phn cc+ Phn khng phn cc

- C ch :+ Phn khng phn cc hp ph vo cc ht pha rn

lm gim sc cng b mt phn chia pha rn lng.+ Phn phn cc tan vo trong nc

Ha do cun kh- Khi lm gim sc cng b mt PGSD ng thi c tcdng cun kh- Cc bt kh trong b tng c tc dng nh tm m lmcho pha rn trt ln nhau d dng hn

24

C CH TC DNG CA PG HA DO C ch ha do do chng kt dnh v chng keo t

- Ha do do lc y tnh in (SNF), SMF- Ha do do lc y khng gian (polycacboxylate)

M hnh hp ph ca PG siu do - PC

M hnh hp ph ca PG ha do (LSF, SNF, SMF)

25

C CH TC DNG CA POLYCACBOXYLAT-Giai on 1( LSF, SNF, SMF)

- Giai on 2

26

M HNH C CH TC DNG CA PG POLYMER TRONG BT

27

NH HNG CA PG HA DO N HXI MNG NC

nh hng n tnh lu bin- PGSD lm gim nht ca h xi mng nc- Ty thuc vo t l C3A/ C4AF, C3S/ C2S m s nh hngca PGSD ln h l khc nhau.- Ty thuc vo gc v hm lng ph gia

nh hng ca sulfonate napthalenformaldehyde n nht ca h

A: Hn hp nc + xi mngB: Nc + xi mng + siu do

28

NH HNG CA PGSD N H XI MNG NC nh hng n kh nng hp ph

- Kh nng hp ph ca ph gia ln b mt ht xi mng phthuc vo mn, t l C3S/ C2S, C3A/ C4AF. T l ny cngcao th kh nng hp ph cng ln- Kh nng hp ph ca PG ln C3A l tt nht.

nh hng ca SMF n kh nng hp ph

29

NH HNG CA PGSD N H XI MNG NC

nh hng n qu trnh hydrat ha- Lignosulfonate:

Lm chm qu trnh ninh ktTng cng tui di ngy

- SNF v SMFC SNF v SMF u lm chm qu trnh thy ha ca

C3A v C3SKhi c mt SMF, Tinh th CSH to thnh c cu trc xt

c v t l rng hn khi khng c ph gia.- Polycacboxylate:

Cha c nhiu nghin cu v nh hng ca PC nng hc ca qu trnh hydrate ha

30

TC DNG CA PG HA DO N HN HP B TNG

Gim lng nc nho trn m vn gi c st yu cu. Gim t l N/XM Tng kh nng duy tr st, tng tnh cng tc (tr mt vi

loi PG) Lm gim s tch nc, phn tng. C tc dng lm tng hay gim thi gian ng kt.

31

TC DNG CA PGSD N HN HP B TNG

32

TC DNG CA PG DO HA N B TNG

Tng cng ban u v cng ca b tng. Gim nhit thy ha trong qu trnh ng rn. Tng kh nng chng thm cho b tng Hn ch kh nng thay i th tch do ARS Gim kh nng s n mn ha hc.

33

TC DNG CA PG DO HA N B TNG

34

KIM TRA MT S CH TIU CA PG HA DO

1. Xc nh pHpH ca ph gia thay i theo thi gian

2. Xc nh t trng ca ph gia3. Xc nh hm lng cht kh4. Xc nh hm lng ion Clorua.5. Xc nh hm lng tro6. Xc nh kh nng gim nc ca ph gia7. Xc nh thi gian ng kt ca b tng v kh

nng duy tr st8. Phn tch ph hng ngoi

35

PH HNG NGOI CA MT S PH GIA

Ph hng ngoi ca cc loi ph gia ADVA512, HE 10-AT, ACE388, SP8S,

36

CHNG 4NH NGHA V PHN LOICi thin tnh cht ca b tng sau khi ha cngPhn loiTiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 325:2004 Tiu chun M ASTM C.494-86TIU CHUN ACI-VIN B TNG MPhn loi theo cng dngPhn loi theo ng dngPhn loi theo ng dngPhn loi theo ng dngPH GIA HA DOPH GIA HA DOC ch tc dngnh hng ph gia n tnh cht b tngnh hng ph gia n tnh cht b tngPH GIA HA DOPH GIA HA DOPH GIA HA DOPH GIA HA DOPH GIA HA DOC CH TC DNG CA PG HA DOC CH TC DNG CA PG HA DOC CH TC DNG CA POLYCACBOXYLATM HNH C CH TC DNG CA PG POLYMER TRONG BTNH HNG CA PG HA DO N H XI MNG NCNH HNG CA PGSD N H XI MNG NCNH HNG CA PGSD N H XI MNG NCTC DNG CA PG HA DO N HN HP B TNGTC DNG CA PGSD N HN HP B TNGTC DNG CA PG DO HA N B TNGTC DNG CA PG DO HA N B TNGKIM TRA MT S CH TIU CA PG HA DOPH HNG NGOI CA MT S PH GIA