Phu luc 1: Cfic mO hinh thtro'ng mai diet' tir thanh ding teen the gied

DELL - eng dung thwang mai din tir thanh ding trong B2B va B2C

Cau hoi:

1. Bai hoc kinh nghiem?

2. Yeu t6 dam bao thanh ding?

3. So sanh vai 1 website ding nganh tai Viet Nam?

I. Ca hOi va hiem h9a

Dell Computer Corp &roc Michael Dell thanh lap nam 1985 la cong ty dAu tien cung cAp may tinh ca nhan qua thu. Dell to thi'et ke cac may tinh ca than va cho phdp khach hang to cAu hinh va lira ch9n he thong tiry y th6ng qua mo hinh Build-to-Order. Mo hinh nay a va dang tao nen thanh cong dm Dell Computer. Den nam 1993, Dell tr .& thanh m6t trong nam nha san xudt may tinh hang au tren the giai, de d9a truc tiep den cac nha san xuAt may tinh ca than khac nhu Compaq, bang mot cuOc chien tranh gia ca. Vao thai diem nay, chin tranh gia ca dAy Dell tir thua 18 nay den thua 18 khac. Nam 1994, Dell chiu khoan 18 khoang 100 trieu d6 la M. C6ng ty nay thuc su gap phai kh6 khan vao thai diem nay

II. Giai 014

Internet &roc thucmg mai hoa vao nam 1990 va web tra nen ph6 bien tir nam 1993 dem lai cho Dell co hOi a ma rOng hoat d6ng kith doanh cfra minh. Dell trien khai he thong dat hang truc tuyen (Online-order-taking) va ma cac chi nhanh tai Chau Au va Chau A. Dell bat au chao ban cac san phAm dm minh qua website Dell.com . Chinh hoat &Ong nay tao the manh cho Dell trong et* canh tranh vai Compaq, an nam 2000 Dell tr.& thanh cong ty cung cAp PC hang au the giai. Vao thai diem do doanh thu dm Dell qua mang dat 50 trieu USD Mgay (khoang 18 ty USD/nam). Hien nay, doanh se kinh doanh qua mang dm Dell.com vao khoang 50 tS, USD/nam d6i veri cac san phArn lien quan den may tinh tir b0 chuyen d6i den may in.

415

Marketing tivc tiep la hoat dOng thucmg mai dien tir chinh cila Dell, cac nhom khach hang chinh dm Dell g6m có:

- Ca nhan sir dung cho gia dinh va van phong

- Cac doanh nghiep nho, duoi 200 nhan vien

- Cac doanh nghiep vira va lom, tren 200 nhan vien

- Cac t6 chirc chinh phu, gido due, y t6

Ca hai nhom khach hang B2B va B2C deu thvc hien cac giao dich qua mang tai dell.com th8ng qua N th6ng catalogue dien tir va xir 1Sr don hang to dOng.

Dell ding trien khai he th6ng dau gia dien tir tai dellauction.com de thu but them khach hang va cling c6 thucmg hieu.

Mo hinh tInrcrng mai din tv B2B ciia Dell.

Phan lan doanh thu dm Dell tir B2B, trong khi B2C dugc thvc hien qua quy trinh tucmg d6i chuAn boa (Catalogue, giO mua hang, thanh town bang the tin dung...) cac giao dich B2B dugc ho trg nhieu dich vu hcm. Dell cung cap cho hon 100.000 khach hang doanh nghiep dich vu ho trg khach hang dac biet (Premier Dell service).

British Airways (BA) sir dung Dell nhu d6i tac chitin lugc. Dell cung cap khoang 25.000 may tinh xach tay va d6 ban cho nhan vien dm BA. Dell cung cap hai he thong mua sam trvc tuyen cho BA, qua docho phep BA theo doi, mua va kiem tra cac don hang qua website. Tai website, BA có the lva chon va cAu hinh may tinh khac nhau sao cho phu hop voi timg b0 phan kinh doanh ciia minh. Nhan vien dm BA thong qua N th6ng mang nOi b0 Intranet dugc ket not voi he th6ng dm Dell ding (lucre phdp Iva chon va dat mua may tinh phu hop voi nhu cAu sir dung cua minh.

Dell ding sir dung m8 hinh nay khi mua thiet bi, linh kien tir cac nha cung cap cua minh, day la m8 hinh thuong mai dien tir cong tac.

ThinIng mai dign tir cong tic

Dell sir dung he th6ng rat nhieu nha cung cap do do nhu cAu lien lac va ph6i hop glib cac d6i tac rat lOn. Vi du de phan ph6i san pham, Dell sir

416

dung dich vu oh FedEx va UPS; Dell ding sir dung dm cac cong ty

Logistics a nh4n, luu kho va van chuyen linh kien, thiet bi tir cac nha cung

cap khac nhau. Dell sir dung lgi the dm cong nghe th8ng tin va web a chia

se thong tin gifra cac d6i tac nham giam thieu hang hoa luu kho

Cac no luc tich hgp (B2Bi) dm Dell bat dAu tir nam 2000, khi do Dell sir dung PowerEdge servers dua teen ki'en trim dm Intel va he th6ng giai phap phAn mem webMethods B2B tich hgp de ket n6i cac he th6ng quan tri ngu6n luc doanh nghiep cua khach hang va he th6ng mua hang true tuyen dm Dell vai cac d6i tac san xuat va thucmg mai . Dell da xay dung dugc he th6ng th6ng tin vai 15.000 nha cung cap dich vu tren khap the giai.

Dich vu khfich hang MO tir (e-Customer Service)

Dell sir dung rat nhieu cong cu va phucmg tien dien tir nham cung cap dich vu khach hang tot nhat. De trien khai tot nhat hoat dOng quan tri quan he khach hang (CRM-Customer Relationship Management), Dell cung cap dich vu hO trg truc tuyen qua mang 24h/7 ngay ding nhu dich vu quay s6 trkrc tiep cho cac chuyen gia hO trg ky thu4t. Cac dich vu hO trg da dang tir xir ly su co, huang can sir dung, nang cap, downloads, tin tire, cong nghe moi... FAQs, thong tin tinh trong thuc hien don hang, "My Account", dien dan de trao d6i thOng tin, cong nghe va kinh nghiem, ban tin va cac hoat &Ong tucmg tac gift khach hang va khach hang khac. Sir dung cac phArt mem xirlS, du lieu, Dell có the phan tich va tim hieu dirge nhieu van de lien quan den nhu cAu va hanh vi cua khach hang tir do co ke hoach va giai phap phuc vu tot hon.

Thiromg mai MO tir trong nOi bq doanh nghib (Intrabusiness EC)

nang cao kha nang san xuat theo don hang (build-to-order), nang cao dO chinh xac dm du doan nhu cAu va hieu qua trong du frit de san xuat, giam thoi gian tir khi dat hang den khi giao hang (order-to-delivery), nang cao dich vu khach hang Dell hgp tac vai Accenture de xay dung he th6ng quan tri chuOi cung cap. Hien nay he th6ng nay dugc sir dung tai tat ca cac nha may dm Dell tren khap the gi6i cho pile') Dell cc') the thich nghi vai moi truong kinh doanh va cong nghe bin d6i nhanh d6ng then duy tri dugc hieu qua hoat dOng cao nhat.

417

Dell cling da to dOng hoa viec lap ke hoach san xud't, du down nhu cdu, quan tri kho qua sir dung cong nghe thong tin va mo hinh chuOi cung umg dien tir.

Ket qua

Dell da trot thanh mgt trong 5 cong ty &roc danh gia cao nhAt ciia tap chi Fortune tir nam 1999. Dell da xay dung han 100 website cho timg thi truamg qu6c gia khac nhau va duy tri lqi nhudn a mirc khoang 3 tS , do la My/nam. 10 nghin do la my dau to vao c6 phieu dm Dell nam 1987 den nay deu da có gia hang trieu USD. Dell ding la nha tai trq chinh cho hoat dOng nghien eau ve thuang mai dien tir tai Dai h9c Texas nam tai Austin nai Dell dat till so chinh. Dell ding tich cuc tham gia hang boat cac chuang trinh tir thien va cac chuang trinh ho tra dao tao tin h9c, giam khoang cach s6 cho cac yang ding thon.

Wit so bai h9c

Dell da xay dung mot ma hinh thircmg mai dien tir dien hinh. Bat dAu bang mo hinh marketing true tiep d6i vbi may tinh ca nhan, sau do bat dAu kinh doanh qua mang. Tier) den Dell ap dung mo hinh build-to-order (BTO) yeti quy ma lon, cho phdp khach hang lira ch9n san phAm theo nhu eau. Dell thu dirge 19i nhuan nha giam trung gian va giam lugng hang ltru kho. De dap img nhu cdu l&n, Dell ap dung mo hinh thin 3 la mua sam trirc tuyen nham nang cao hieu qua mua nguyen lieu, thiet bi ddu vao (SCM), ph6i hop vai cac d6i tac va nang cao hieu qua hoat dOng ben trong doanh nghiep (B2Bi). Tiep den Dell ap dung mo hinh e-CRM de duy tri quan he tot

khach hang. M6 hinh kinh doanh cila Dell da troy thanh dien hinh va ducc nhieu nha san xudt khac ap dung, dac biet la cac nha san xudt 0 to.

418

AMAZON.COM : Vua ban le tren mgng

Cau

1. Bai hoc kinh nghitm?

2. Ytu t6 dam bao thanh ding?

3. So sanh vai 1 website ding nganh tai Vitt Nam?

I. Co' hOi

Jeff Bazos, ngtroi nhin thay co hOi ban hang qua Internet va da lua chgn &roc san pham phit hgp that dt ban qua mang. Qua cac nam, san pham dugc lien tic mop rOng tir sach dtn cac san pham khac, nang cao dich vi khach hang, b6 sung cac dich va cac doi tac chitin lugc. Amazon.com phat then tu cua hang sach lcm nhat the Dot thanh cua hang ion nhat the giai. Amazon.com da nhan thay tam quan trong cua vitc t6 chirc thut hitn dcm hang va kho van. Dau tu hang tritu USD vao xay dung he thtng kho hang dugc thitt kt phu hgp vai vitc giao hang trong btru kin nho dtn hang tram nghin khach hang. Thir thach Lan nhat cua amazon.com van la lam tht nao de tip tic thanh cong trong khi hang loat cong ty khac da that bai, lam sao thu dugc va duy tri lgi nhuan sau khi da dau tu mot khoan von rat Lan vao mo hinh kinh doanh nay.

II. Ging ngh0 cua Amazon.com

Ben canh cua hang truc tuytn, amazon.com da mop rOng hoat dOng ra rat nhitu huong khac nhau nhu: cua hang chuyen dung nhu cua hang ky thuat, cit) chm. Amazon.com ding ma rOng dich vu bien tap trong nhitu linh vx.rc khac nhau th6ng qua mang hied cac chuyen gia trong nhitu linh vuc. Amazon.com con ma rOng danh muc san pham them hang tritu dau sach da qua sir dung va kh6ng con xuat ban nira. Ngoai ra Amazon.com ma rOng sang cac san pham ngoai sach ban, nhu lien lc& voi Sony Corp. Nam 2002 d ban cac san pham dm Sony online. Dac ditm not bat cua cua hang true tuytn Amazon.com la a tim ki6m, de xem va at hang; nhitu thong tin ye san pham, nhitu bai Binh luan, danh gia, nhitu gioi thitu, ggi y hop 15, va

419

chuyen nghiep; danh mug san phAm rOng, phong phu, gia thap horn cac cua hang truyen thing; he thing thanh toan an toan va thug hien dan hang chuyen nghiep.

Amazon.com lien tug b6 sung cac tinh nang khien qua trinh mua sam teen mang hap dan han dii yeti khach hang. Mug "Gift Ideas" dua ra cac tuerng v'e qua tang mai me, hap clan theo tong thai diem trong nam. Mug "Community" cung cap th8ng tin ye san pham va nhang y kien chia se dm khach hang vori nhau. Mug "E-card" cho phep khach hang chgn lua va giri nhimg buu thiep dien tir mien phi cho doanh nghiep be, ngueli than dm minh. Amazon.com da va dang lien tic b6 sung them nhimg dich vu hap clan nhu tren cho khach hang cua minh.

Amazon.com ding da ma rOng sang dich vu ho trg doanh nghiep nhu san giao dich va dau gia dien dr. Amazon Auctions cho phep cac ca nhan va doanh nghiep nho tham gia dau gia trIrc tuyen tren khap the giai. Dich vu zShops cho cac doanh nghiep thue gian hang tren Amazon.com vai mirc phi

hqp 1St hang thang, cho phdp cac doanh nghiep nhe hien dien teen mpg va c6 the sir dung N thing thug hien dan hang hang dau cua Amazon.com .

Khach hang co the mua sam teen Amazon.com tir PCs, cell phones, PDAs,

Pocket PCs va dich vu dien thoai 121 dm AT&T.

He thing CRM cita Amazon.com hoat dOng hieu qua thong qua cac hoat dOng marketing ca biet tai timg khach hang. Tir nam 2002, khi khach hang vao trang web ciia Amazon tir Lan thin 2 tra di, mot file cookie dugc sir

dung de xac dinh khach hang va hien till dong chao hoi "Welcome back, Tommy", va dua ra nhang ggi y mua sam dua ten cac hoat &Ong mua sam tnrac do dm khach hang. Amazon gang phan tich qua trinh mua sam cua cac khach hang thuemg xuyen va giri nhimg email ggi y ve cac san pham mgi cho khach hang. Amazon.com da tien hanh thing key kien, danh gia

cua khach hang d6i vai san pham va cho phep khach hang dua ra cac ltra chgn chinh xac va nang cao long tin dm khach hang trong qua trinh mua sam tai Amazon.con han han so yeti mua sam truyen thing. Tat ca nhirng no km nay dm Amazon.com nham tao cho khach hang sv thoai mai va yen tam han khi mua hang ding tiled khuyen khich khach hang quay lai mua sam

420

tiEp. BEn canh cOng cu tim kiEm dugc xay dung tinh to va hieu qua,

amazon.com con co he thong kho hang khang la gifip dem lai nang luc canh

tranh han han so vai cac d6i thu canh tranh.

Tu nam 1997, Amazon.com triEn khai hoat dOng lien k'Et vai cac ding ty khac. DEn nam 2002 Amazon.com da co han 500.000 dai tac hop tac gi6i thieu khach hang cho Amazon.com vai muc hoa hang 3-5% ten cac giao dich dugc thisc hien. Tir nam 2000, Amazon.com ding triEn khai hoat d'Ong hgp tac vai nhiEu clai tac khac nhu Carsdirect.com , Health and Beauty;

Drugstore.com va Toys"R"Us. Amazon.com cling 14 hop clang vai tap doan Borders Group Inc., cho phep khach hang mua hang teen amazon.com dEn lay hang tai cac cfra hang dm Borders. Ngugc lai, Amazon.com ding tra thanh dra hang tren web ciia cac tap doan ban le toan cau nhu Target va Circuit City. Amazon cling c6 trang ding cu tim kiern cua rieng minh tai dia

chi a9.com.

Theo nghien cfru dia Retail Forward, Amazon.com dugc xEp hang so 1 vt ban le teen mang. Doanh thu nam 2003 dat 5.3 ty USD, nam 2005 dat gan

7 tS, USD, chitin lchoang 25 doanh so ban le qua mang. Theo danh gia tinh hinh hoat Ong dia Amazon.com hien dang co xu htrorng tot vai chi phi dang giam dan va lgi nhuan dang tang dan.

Hien nay, Amazon.com dang co danh muc san pharn vai 17 trieu dAu sach, nhac va DVD/video va khoang 20 trieu khach hang, Amazon.com

ding c6 danh !nue 1 trieu sach tiEng Nhat.

Q1.4 1 nam 2001, Amazon tuyen 1)6 Ian dau tien co lai. Nam 2003, tang lai thuan dat 35 trieu do la my. Day c6 1e la thanh ding ban dAti va ding la thir thach lam nil& hien nay dia Amazon.com ding nhtr cac ding ty ban le

qua mpg khac.

421

P& G: Quang cao tryr tuyin

Cau holt:

1. Bai hoc kinh nghiem?

2. So sanh veri 1 website ding nganh tai Viet Nam?

3. Tai sao .quang cao tnrc tuyen ngay cang hieu qua horn cac hinh thirc quang cao truyen thong?

4. P&G da sir dung cac hinh thirc nghien ciru thi truong nhu the nao?

I. Vain de

Thi tru6ng hang tieu dang yen c6 tinh town cau va canh tranh khec kiet. Cac cong ty kheng 16 nhu: Procter & Gamble, Colgate Pamolive, Unilever, Nettle, va Coca Cola deu dang c6 gang canh tranh voi hang tram san pham to kern danh rang, to giay den c/6 ueng. De ton tai nhimg cong ty nay phai lien tic nghien ciru thi tut/11g, phat trien cac san pham mei va quang cao lien Arc. Nghien ciru thi tnr6ng va quang cao trong moi tnamg canh tranh ngay cang khec tiet c6 the chiem ten 20% doanh se, tir do lam giam lqi nhuan horn nun nhUng that bai trong quang cao con lam giam doanh thu va danh mat thi phan tham chi pha san. Dieu nay cho thay chitin luqc quang cao hieu qua bao gem ca quang cao tnrc tuyen (web Ads) la het sirc can thiet. Doi voi cac cong ty trong nganh cong nghe tieu dung. P&G la cong ty san xuat hang dOng g6i lan nhat a my, voi horn 300 nhan hieu va doanh se

ban hang nam han 55 tS, USD. P&G dau to va quang cao nhieu han bat k5/ cong ty nao khac, khoang 5 tS, $ mOt nam. V'a'n de 6 P&G la lam the nao sir ding tot nhat ngfin sach quang cao de dat ducfc cac mic tieu de ra.

II. Giai phip:

P&G bat du sir ding quang cao trkrc tuyen tren Internet cu6i 'thong nam 1990. Teen cac cong thong tin 16n (sir ding Popup cho cac nhan hieu nhu Scope & Tide) va tren website cua rieng minh. Vao nam 2000 cong ty co 72 website dang hoat dOng. Thong thuong mOi site cho mOt san pham chinh (pampers.com, tide.com va crest.com).

MOt se website cho cac thi tnrtmg not chung nhu beinggirl.com , cho phdp cac khach hang thieu nien co the tim cau tra 16i cho nhang ban khan

422

cua minh; pantene.com cho cac khach hang tao cac mau toe rieng va duqc tu van ve tOc; reflect.com cho cac khach hang hm chQn d6 my pham. Den nay, P&G la ding ty ban le di dau trong then khai cac du an tren web chir yeu tap trung vao nghiem ciru thi tnremg va quang cao tivc tuyen.

Myc tieu chinh dm P&G la xfiy dung xung quanh moi san pham chinh mot cong dong ngued sir dung tren web. Thong qua vie'c xay dr,mg va duy tri website cong ty huang tai cac mix dich sau:

- Phat tritn su nhfin biet ved cac nhfin hieu va xfiy dung uy tin cho nhimg nhfin hieu chinh; thu thip thong tin \ft khach hang; giam chi phi quang cao; tien hanh quang cao den tong khach hang. Ban hang trirc tuyen va ca biet h6a san pham theo tong yeu eau cua khach hang nhu reflect.com

- Cac dac ditm khac cua chi& lucyc quang cao tivc tuyen bao Xfiy dung dOi tac Marketing chien ltrac nhu eVillage.com , dau tu vao cac cong ty med co titm nfing nhu Plumtree Software va tham gia vao cac san giao dich dien tir B2B cong vol cac ding ty khac nhu Unilever, Coca Cola, Hershey Foot, cong ty tin tuang rang cac chi& luqc thuang mai dien tir se dem lai vi tri dan dau ve thucmg mai dien tir tren thi truong. Tuy nhien, P&G ding nhfin thay kha nfing chi thanh cong trong viec quang ba cac nhfin hieu.

147 do chinh khien P&G tung ra cac website nhu tide.com, beingme.com la de thu thip gill lieu khach hang. Nhimg th8ng tin nay giup cong ty ditu chinh chien lucyc marketing va quang cao hieu qua va chinh xac hon. Cu tht nhu:

- Beingme.com cho phdp khach hang tra led cac cfiu hoi ditu tra tir d6 giai thieu san pham phir hop nhat vol nhu cau cim ho.

- Reflect.com chao ban nhong san pham dua tren cac se, thich cua khach hang.

- Physique.com cung cap cac kitu toe cho ham 600 nghin khach hang.

III. Ket qui:

P&G dang tr6 thanh cong ty hang Mu vt hang tieu dimg tren mang vi ho san sang thu tat ca cac chi& luqc thuong mai dien tir. Thanh cong cira P&G trong (mg dung throng mai dien tir giup cling ty hoat &Ong tot trong th6i ky kinh to suy thoai 2000-2003. Bang chirng la co phieu tang 50% trong khi gia c6 phieu trong binh tai san giao dich chimg Ichoan New York giam 30%.

423

COVISINT: San Giao dich din ht trong nganh o to

Cau hoi

1. BAi hoc kinh nghiem tir viec dau gia cac thiet bi san xuat 8 to?

2. M8 to quy trinh mua sAm qua dAu thAu truc tuyen?

3. Mo to quy trinh hoat dOng cua Covisint hien nay?

COVISINT

Tren the giai hien nay c6 khong nhieu cac nhA san xuat o to khac nhau,

tuy nhien ho mua linh kien, nguyen lieu va cac b0 phan tir hang nghin cac

nhA cung cap, nhang nha cung cap nay tiep tuc mua linh kien tir hang nghin

cac nhA cung cap khac. Truac day qua trinh mua sam thueyng cham, ton kern

va khong hieu quA.

Vao ngay 25/2/2000, General Motor, Ford Motor va DaimlerClysler khai trucmg san mua sam dien tir B2B voi ten g9i Covisint. Muc tieu cua san giao dich nay nham giam cac khau khong can thiet trong qua trinh mua sam thong qua tich hqp va ph6i hqp gala cac nha cung cap nham giam chi phi tang mirc dO thuan tien va nang cao hieu quA trong town b0 ngAnh o to. Ten gqi Covisint la su ket hqp nhiing nguyen tic dugc sir dung khi thanh lap san giao dich nay: CO c6 nghia lien ket, phi hqp, giao tiep; VIS c6 nghia tnrc quan va cling c6 nghia IA tam nhin va tuang lai cua quan 15, he thong cung cap; INT co nghia lA giai phap tich hop, cling c6 nghia la pham vi giao dich tren khap qu6c te.

Muc dich cita san giao dich nay nham ket n6i nguii mua va nguai ban trong nganh o to thanh mot mang luai duy nhat. Su minh bach ve thong tin lam tang tOc dO ra quyet dinh va cho phep khA nang giao dich duqc thuc hien m9i not m9i bk. ThOng qua web he th6ng nay cho phep nguai san xuat lAp ke hoach va cap nhat lien tpc va thong bao nhimg thay d6i cho toin b0 thanh vien cua chuOi cung img, ket quA lA can it hang luu kho hom, tang kha nang dap irng nhu cau tnrac nhang thay gi tren thi tnr6ng nhanh hon.

Teen thuc to cac nhA san xuat o to sir dkuig mang luoi hang tram chuOi

cung (mg khac nhau. Do dO, he th6ng thong tin h.& nen vo ding phirc tap vi

424

cac thanh vien trong chu6i cung img ding cung cAp cho nhieu nha san xuAt khac nhau. Su phirc tap nay lam giam hieu qua trong qua trinh giao dich va

rat kho khan a nha cung cAp rap ket hoach san xuAt theo nhu cAu cua cac

nha san xuAt o to.

Covisint thay d6i co ban he th6ng thong tin trong nganh o to. Thay vi

mo hinh Kim to thap vai nhUng nha san xuAt o to a tren Binh, Covisint sir dung mo hinh "vo lang" vai cac nha san xuAt nam a trung tam va cac nha cung cAp nam a cac yang tr6n ben ngoai. Nam 2004 c8 19 nha san xuAt o to

Warn a trung tam cua Covisint.

MOt trong nhimg muc tieu chinh cua san giao dich la thiet ke san phAm.

Covisint cung cAp cho nhitng nha san xuAt nhtmg phat kien lan nhk trong nganh 6 to. Kha pang tich hop va phi hop trong town b0 chuOi cung frng de 116 tro va phat trien san phArn d6ng thai de trien khai san xuk. Hien nay

Covisint thu hilt 30.000 nha cung cAp.

Do quy mo km, qua trinh trien khai tuong doi cham, tuy nhien theo bao

coo than 5 nam 2001 Daimler Clysler sir dung Covisint thanh ding trong

dAu thAu mua linh kien o to vai tri gia 3 tS, do la My chi trong b6n ngay.

D'au nam 2004 Computerware Corp. mua lai Covisint va mac du c8 mot

s6 kho khan ve tai chinh ding ty nay van phuc vu 20.000 thanh vien tai 96

mac.

425

ASITE: San giao dich din tir trong nganh xay d(rng

Cau hai:

1. Xac dinh cac yeu t6 dam bao thanh ding dm mo hinh nay?

2. So sanh Webcor va Asite?

3. Truy cAp Asite NIA mo to nhitng san phAm, dich vu mai nhAt?

4. Ngutm thu dm Asite tir dau?

5. Mo td cac cong cu du that', mua sam va quail l)",?

ASITE

Asite la mot san giao dich thuong mai din tir B2B trong nganh xay dung tai vmmg qu6c Anh, thanh cong dm website bAt ngulin tir hoat dOng mua sim va quan 1$, du an xay dung. DAc diem dm nganh xay d‘mg IA có su phan tan, khoang cach ye mat vat lST va truyen thong gala cac thanh vien dm chuOi cung img (nha thAu, nhA thu phu, kien trilc su, nha cung cAp nguyen lieu...) day IA nguyen nh'an chinh lam giam hi'eu qua hoat dOng xay dung.

Asite.com duqc thanh lAp thong 2 nam 2000 bad mot nhOm nhung cong ty hang d'Au trong nganh xay dung. Mo hinh kinh doanh dua tren hai lqi the cira Internet: kha nang thong tin nhanh hon, hieu qua hart va nAng Luc xir IS, th8ng tin qua Internet. Hoat dOng vai vai to IA mot cong thong tin va cung cAp dich vu, cong nghe cho cac d6i tac. Asite nhanh chong phat trien thAnh mOt cong thong tin lan nhAt trong nganh xay dimg.

Asite thu hilt dOi ngii nhan vien tir tat ca cac d6i tac de xay dung mOt co s6 dir lieu ve kien thirc va kinh nghiem cho tat ca cac ben tham gia cong tham khao. Tiep do cong ty dAt muc tieu tra thanh cong giao dich din tir lan nhAt Chau Au trong nganh xay dung.

Ve co se:, ha tang, Asite quyet dinh khong to minh xay dung ma thay vao do thiet 14p quan N d6i tac vai nht`mg nha cung cAp co san phAm chuyen biet cao. Cong ty thiet l'Ap quan he d6i tac vai Commerce One - cung cAp giai phap C6ng thuong mai din tir, Microsoft - cung cAp ha tAng cong nghe va cac img dung nong cot, Attenda - thiet k'e va quan lSr N thOng co se, ha tAng .4 mang.

426

Asite xay dl.mg 7 san giao dich trong Citing thtrcmg mai dien tir dm minh nham plwc vu nhu eau dm tAt ca cac d6i tac trong nganh xay ch..mg. Bao g6m: Building Owner, Developer, Trade Contracter, General Contracter, Engineer, Architect, Material Supplier. Thuc hien tAt ca cac ding viec tir thiet Ice den mua sam va phan ph6i. Quy trinh kinh doanh bat dau tir viec phan tich cac van de ma cac dOi tac gap phai nhu mua sam khong hieu qua, th8ng tin khong day N.

Asite cam ket xay dung he thong d6i tac th6ng qua giao dich tucmg tac tren cac san giao dich. Giai pita') thuong mai dien tir dm Asite cho phep ket not vao san giao dich a dang va thuan tien th6ng qua Internet, dap ring nhu

cau dm tAt ca cac ding ty tir lan den nho.

Viec ket hcfp gala cac cong ty hang dau trong nganh xay dung, kinh nghiem quan Ijc ca so. ha tang cong nghe thong tin hang dau, giai phap cong nghe thong tin hang dau cho phep Asite xay dung mot san giao dich lien ket town b0 cac cong ty trong nganh xay dung.

427

GTN (Global Transportation Network): Meng van tai loan dm

Cau heft:

1. Xac dinh cac yeu t6 thanh cong cua GTN?

2. DOng luc thu but cac thanh vien tham gia la gi?

3. Cac bien phap nang cao chat lugng dich vu khach hang?

GTN - eng dung thwang m3i din tir vao van tai du?rng Wen

Ben canh nhising thanh cong cua cac san giao dich ve nguyen lieu va san pham nhu ChemConnect va Covisint, mOt s6 san giao dich trong rinh

vuc dich vu ding dugc xay dung va phat trien nhanh chOng. MOt trong nhimg cong giao dich dien tir ve van tai dikrng bien dugc biet den Wri ten

goi GTN mang van tai toan cau.

GTN dugc thanh lap nam 2001 voi su tham gia dm 13 hang van tai du&ng bien chiem fling s6 tren 40 % kha nang van tai tren khap the giai va mOt cong ty phAn mem GTNESUS chuyen ve cac phAn mem trong Logistic toan cau va chuOi cung ung. Muc dich cua san giao dich la phuc vu nganh van tai duang bien cu the bao g6m cac cong ty chuyen char, ngu8i giri hang, cac nha cung cap dich vu (Ngan hang, dai 1S, bao hiem, cong ty giao nhan va cong ty Logistic). Sir menh cfia san giao dich la thay d6i ve ca ban quy trinh van chuyen hang tren pham vi toan cau thong qua sir dung Internet de cung cap cac dich vu an toan va thuan tin cho khach hang va nguari chuyen chef.

De xay dung cong giao dich nay ban quan1S, da phi hgp yeti cac khach hang de xac dinh cac nhu cau va giai phap dap frng nhung nhu cau day. Cac giai phap B2B thuong tap trung vao mOt hoac mOt s6 nhirng module có kha nang dap img mOt hoac mOt so nhu cau nhat dinh rat kho phii hap voi nhu cau van tai do dO can xay dung mOt san giao dich mai. San nay phai dap img dugc nhimg giao dich ca ban nhu thue tau, bao gia, thanh toan, kiem tra hang, thikmg luting ve cikrc phi, quan IS/ container va lap lich van tai. GTN cung cap he th6ng booking tieu chuan hoa, 4 thong xir 15, chung tir va he th6ng theo dOi hang boa dtmg thai cung cap dich vu hO frg khach hang tot hcm va hieu qua ham.

428

Ben canh do san giao dich dien tir GTN cling cung cap kha nang cac Wet hoa cho pile!) cac khach hang va ngued chuyen cha to thay d6i cac thong tin theo nhu cau bao gem quan 1S, mac phi, du bao nhu cat' va phan be nguem ltrc.

Loi ich cua he thong nay dei v6i nganh van tai duomg bien bao gem:

- Tang hieu qua va giam chi phi. Nghien ciru nam 2002 dm Accenture ix& tinh chi phi tiet kiem tir he thong nay dat 5 — 10 %. Ben canh do GTN giup cac ding ty chuyen ch .& giam chi phi dau to vao cong nghe thong tin de xay dung he thong rieng caa ho.

- lieu churn hOa va a sir dung. GTN to deng hOa nhOng giao dich Co ban va tao dieu kien thuan lien hcm cho cac khach hang khi giao dich vbi nhieu nha cung cap tren met san co tieu churn chung.

- An town va bao mat. GTN cung cap met moi tilting an town va bao mat cho khach hang va nguari chuyen cher khi lien hanh giao dich qua Internet.

Nganh van tai throng bien ngay cang tra nen canh tranh hcm va doi hoi phai co str plied hop a giam chi phi giira cac hang van chuyen. He dieing dm GIN gulp tang cutmg phei hop gitra cac hang chuyen chef chia se he th6ng thong tin thong qua chu'an ma, tang cuOng giao dich thong qua Web.

Ung dung cong nghe thOng tin hieu qua la yeti t6 guy& dinh den thanh cong cua GTN. Ca so dir lieu dtrgc churn h6a phu hop vgi he th6ng cua tat ca nheng nguOi sir dung.

Cac quy trinh giao dich ding tieu churn hOa cho 010 ngtr6i chuyen chef giai thieu dich vu den khach hang a dang va thuan lien. Khach hang co the tra ciru thong tin tren toan bo he then va booking met cach thuan tien. He thong con cho phdp cac ben tham gia tien hanh cac giao dich &au that' truc tuyen. Thank cong dm GIN ducfc tap chi InforWorld danh gia la met trong ba du an thanh ding nhat nam 2002.

429

CHEMCONNECT: San giao dich nguyen 1igu trong nganh hda chat

Can hoi:

1.Bai hoc kinh nghiem?

2. Ytu t6 dam bao thanh cong?

3. So sanh vori 1 website ding nganh tai Viet Nam?

1. Van de:

Viec mua ban nguyen lieu va ban thanh pham hoa chit, nhua va cac nguyen lieu lien quan dugc hang nghin cong ty tren khap the gioi thuc hien hang ngay. Tnrac khi c6 internet, qua trinh giao dich nay dien ra vai t6c do cham, phan tan, kern hieu qua va chi phi cao. Hau qua dm qua trinh nay la ngtrai mua phai tra gia cao, ngtdri ban chiu chi phi cao va can nhieu trung gian de t6 chirc quy trinh mua sam.

2. Giii phap:

Ngay nay ngtrai mua va ngueri ban cac san pham haa chat NIA nhua co the gap nhau truc tuyen thOng qua nhimg san giao dich dien tir, dien hinh la Chemconnect.com. Cac cong ty hang (tau the giai trong nganh cong nghiep Floa chit, nhu Bristish Pertroleum, Dow Chemical, BASF, Hyundai, Sumitomo, va rat nhieu ding ty khac cid va clang thuc hien giao dich dien tin thong qua ChemConnect hang ngay. Nhang ding ty nay c6 the tiet kiem chi phi, giam tiled gian giao dich, tim dugc cac thi tnrang mai va cac cl6i tac kinh doanh mai tren khap the giai. Day la nhitng nguai dau tien tham gia thi tnrang dien tir B2B trong nganh cong nghiep hoa chat.

ChemConnect cung cap san giao dich dien tir va cong thong tin cho han 9000 thanh vien a ten 135 mac. Thanh vien cita ChemConnect gem cac nha san xuat, khach hang, nha phan ph6i, cac trung gian trong nganh cong nghiep hoa chit.

ChemConnect cung cap cho cac thanh vien nfOt trung tam giao dich vai 3 hoat Ong chinh:

430

- Trung tam giao dich cho nguai mua. Tai trung tam nay ngu?yi mua c6 the tim nguai ban veil khip the giai. Ngtrai mua c6 the dang cac yeu cAu chao hang, cac thu mai diu thAu, thuang luting, dam plan...

- Trung tam giao dich cho nguai ban. Tai day nguai ban co the chao ban cac san phim cho cac khach hang tiem rang tham gia diu thu vOi hang nghin san phim dugc diu thAu thuang xuyen.

- San giao dich hang hoa ket not cac san giao dich dien tir teen lc* the gioi ve mat hang hoa chit nhua va cac mat hang lien quan. Cac thanh vien c6 the giao dich tai M91 tiled diem de tra ciru cac thong tin cap nhat nhit tren the giai. Cac nha kink doanh co the chao mua, chao ban nhanh chOng, bi

mat, an toan trong su6t qua trinh giao dich. Cac thanh vien cua ChemConnect co the sir dung trung tam giao dich de nang cao hieu qua mua va ban thong qua dich vu to deng h6a chao mua chao ban. Trung tam nay

cho phep cac thanh vien dam plan hieu qua han vai the d6i tac hien tai cling nhu tim kiem d6i tac mai de tham gia cac giao dich mua ban. Vai ten 9000 cong ty thanh vien, Chemconnect la met dia diem rat hieu qua de co

the tim dugc intic gia tot nhit va nhirng dieu kien giao dich thuan tien tren

the giai. Ben canh do, cac thanh vien co the truy cap ca sa cut lieu voi han

63.000 san phim hoa chit va nhkra.

ChemConnect IA met trung gian dec lap, co nhang quy tic huang clan

cu the dam bao six cong bing trong cac giao dich thuang mai. Tit ca nhang

quy dinh phap ly, quy dinh ve thanh town, quy tic giao dich va nhting huang

an lien quan dugc th6ng bao dAy du va chi Wet. M6 hinh doanh thu g6m phi

giao dich hang nam cua cac thanh vien, phi dang ky diu thAu va diu gia. Cac thanh vien chi tra phi cho cac giao dich da dugc thkrc hien thanh cong.

Ca 3 dich vu teen deu dugc cung cap trixc tuyen thong qua Bloombeg.com,

va dugc chuyen sang 30 thir tieng lchac nhau. Cac d6i tac cling cung cap rat nhieu dich vti h6 trg. Citigroups va ChemConnect ding ph6i hop cung cap

met s6 dich vu cho cac thanh vien. ChemConnect ding cung cap he th6ng thong tin de ket n6i yen cac thanh vien va quan 157 met mang luoi khoang

10.000 cong ty.

431

3. Ket qua:

Lgi ich tong the ma ChemConnect dem lai cho cac thanh vien la kinh doanh hieu qua Ilan, cac giao dich vOi chi phi thap hail, qua trinh dam phan

giao dich nhanh chong hen.

Cling mot qua trinh mua sam dL thau truyen thong co the mat mOt vai tuan them chi Vai thong. Thong qua san giao dich dien tir, mot ding ty clat

mua 100 tan Axit phan ph6i den Urugoay vori gig ban Mu 1.1$/kg, dugc giam xuOng 0.95$ qua 6 chao thau lien tiep chi trong yang 30 giay. Ben canh do ngutri ban ding tim dugc nhieu nguai mua hen de tieu thy hang him

du thira.

ChemConnect tip tuc phat tri'en, ma rOng mpg luori thanh vien va tang s6 lugng giao dich hang nam. Cong ty bat Mu co lgi nhuan nam 2004.

MOt trong nhung yeu to thanh cong la do 40 ding ty hOa chat hang du the

gioi nam gill 1/3 c6 phieu ding ty. YL t6 thir 2 clan den thanh ding la cac doanh nghiep trong nganh sir dung san giao dich nay thutrng xuyen. Yeu t6 thir 3 la cac thong tin thi tnrong dm ChemConnect dugc cung cap trirc tip qua Bloombeg - kenh thOng tin tai chinh hang Mu the gioi.

432

CISCO: Mo hinh elearning thanh cong

Cau

1. Bai hgc kinh nghiem?

2. Yeu to dam bAo thAnh ding?

3. So sanh von 1 website ding nganh tai Viet Nam?

1. Viin de

Cisco System IA met trong se nhimg cong ty cong nghe cao phat trien nhanh nhat the OM, chuyen ve cung cap cac thiet bi mang. He thong san pham dm Cisco lien tuc dugc phat trien va nang cap do do doi hoi lien tuc dao tao va tap huan nhan vien de sir dung va tieu thy nhimg san pham nay. Cisco nhan thay nhan vien, doi tac kinh doanh, sinh vien trong ngAnh cong nghe thong tin deu có nhu eau dugc dAo tao lien tuc. Phong hoc truyen thong khong the dap img dugc nhu eau dao tao ngAy cang tang. Trong met nam, Cisco da to chirc 6 den 10 lan khoa tap huan tai nhieu dia diem nhung van kh8ng dap img dugc s6 lugng sinh vien ngay cang tang cong von fee dO tang truong nhanh cua cong nghe thOng tin lam cho viec dAo tao vira ten

kern vira khong hieu qua.

2. Giii phap

Cisco tin rang Elearning lA met giai phap cach mang de dAo tao dei ngil lao deng va cac doi tac nhcmg kien thirc va ky nang can thi'e't nham bin str thay del ve cong nghe troy thanh 19i the ciia cong ty. Vi vay Cisco trien khai cac chuang trinh Elearning cho phep sinh vien nghien ciru cac phan mem phan cuing va cac quy trinh sir dung man. Theo quan diem dm Cisco khi MQi

nguiyi tham gia vao h9c truc tuyen ho se nhan thirc dugc day lA cach nhanh

nhat, thuan tien nhat a lay dugc thong tin ma hoc can.

De trien khai Elearning, Cisco da thAnh lap ra met Itrc lugng Delta Force do chinh Tong giam dec dieu hAnh John Chamber, phong IT va nhom giAi phap hoc qua Internet. Nhiem vu dau tien cua DF IA xay dung hai cong

433

Elearning, C6ng thir nhAt danh cho 40 cong ty doi tac va ban san pham cua Cisco, cong thir hai danh cho 4000 ky su he th6ng nham cung cap dich vu sau ban hang.

De khuyen khich nhan vien sir dung he th6ng Elearning, Cisco da ap dung cac bien phap sau:

- Coi Elearning la met phan bat buOc cua nhan vien.

- Xay dung he thong Elearning yid cac cong cu truy cap qua Internet de dang.

- Giam su phirc tap, tang su him ich thong qua cac bai Test giiip nhan vien tang cudmg kien thirc va ky nang nhieu han la danh gia trinh d6 hien tai.

- Giup m9i nhan vien vugt qua duac bai Test can thiet thong qua cac bai luyen thi, tai lieu twang dart va thi thir.

- Tao dieu kien cho ngtroi quan 15, theo d6i, quail 15, tien des hoc tap dia nhan vien, danh gia skr thay d6i ve kha nang va ket qua cong viec.

- Dua ra nhitng phan thuang cu the nhu c6 phieu, than chfic, tien thudmg cho nht-mg nhan vien tham gia Elearning va dat duqc nhimg chimg chi theo quy dinh.

- Coi Elearning la met thuerc do chitin lucre tir ten xwing dual cho tat Ca cac lanh dao dm Cisco.

DM vai cac nhan vien, d6i tac va khach hang dm Cisco to chirc trung tam Elearning Center For Excellence. Trung tarn nay to chirc dao tao tai ca sa dm Cisco ding nhu ca so dm khach hang thong qua Internet.

Cisco cung cap hang boat chuang trinh dao tao thong qua Elearning. Nam 2001 Cisco chuyen doi met chuang trinh dao tao ben ngay nreri có giang vien htrang clan (ILT Instructor Led Traning) ve he thOng thong tin lien to chirc ciia Cisco thanh /nest chuang trinh dao tao tr%rc tuyen. Muc tieu dia chuang trinh nham dao tao cac ky su he th6ng, plurcrng phap ban hang, cal dat cau hinh va van hanh nhang cong nghe chu chOt dia Cisco.

434

3. Ket qua

Chi rieng vOi khoa dao tao IOS, Cisco da thang ke duqc ROI nhu sau:

- Chi phi 12.400 USD de xay dung nai dung chucmg trinh

- KhOa h9c tiet kiem cho moi ky su he thang mat ngay lam viec, 20 %

chi phi di lai An a dm 1 tuan tai San Jose. Cu the la khoang 750 USD tien di

lai An a va 450 USD lien lin:mg mat ngay, tang cong 1200 USD cho mat ky su he thang.

- Vai 17 ky su he thang tham gia kh6a hoc Ian au tien tang chi phi tiet

kiem la 20.400 USD, vi vay chi vai khoa h9c au tien Cisco da bit duqc tien

chi phi va con cloi ra 8.000 USD.

- Tir thang 3 nam 2001 dich vu IOS cung cap 2 khOa hQc mat thang cho

40 k'y str he thong.

- \Teti flan di, nay mOi ram Cisco tiet kint dugc 1.152.000 USD

Nam 2004 so 1u9ng nguai tham du dao tao truc tuyen dm Cisco dat

tren 12.000 nhan vien ban hang, 150.000 nhan vien cua dai tac va tren

200.000 sinh vien. Cang tinh den nAm 2004 Cisco a x'ay dung tren 100

chtrcmg trinh dao tao truc tuyen. Sang kin Elearning a gap phan kitting

nho vao thanh cong va tai chinh dm Cisco.

4. Bei huc

Cau chuyen dm Cisco cho thay ang dung cong ngh' thong tin vao dao

tao nhan vien ai tac va Ong clang thOng qua N thong Elearning la mat

cong cu dao tao rat hi'eu qua. Tir do an nay Elearing dA ngay cang tra nen

pita bien tai cac twang dai h9c va ca sa dio tao.

435

7-ELEVEN: eing dyng thwong m9i dien 111 trong kilm soot luvng hang hru kho

Cau

1. Bai h9c kinh nghiem?

2. Yeu to dam bao thanh c8ng?

3. So sanh vai 1 website ding nganh tai Viet Nam?

1. VAn de

Mac da voi ten goi 7-Eleven ma cira tir 7h.00 am — 11 h.00 pm, 27.000

cira hang tren khap the giOi van hoat dOng 24/24h mot ngay tao ra sir khac

biet rat nhieu voi nha ban le khac. MOt diem khac biet not bat dm chuOi cira

hang ban le tri gia 36 ti do la My nay IA danh muc san pham rOng va da

MOt cira hang 7-Eleven trung Binh tieu thu 2.500 san pham khac nhau.

Phan Ian mat hang bao gom banh, cit) an nhanh, san pham sfra la nhung mat

hang de hu hong can ducyc giam sat ve chat lucmg va giam ti le hu hong.

Thi tnrOng tieu thu cila 7-Eleven rat rOng, len tai 6 trieu khach moi

ngay, trai rOng tren m9i m9i phan doan thi tru6ng ca ve lira tuOi va thu nhap.

Vi co phan doan thi truang rang va cac cira hang co vi tri gan nhau, 7-

Eleven rat linh hoat trong viec mua sam va quan 1ST cira hang. Tren mOt so

khu vuc, nhu eau cua khach hang rat da clang nen nha quan 1Si phai dap irng

duqc moi yeu eau cua tong phan doan thi tnrong.

CuOi ding, quy m8 cua moi kho hang thuang nhe. Mac diz hang h6a v8

ding da dang va so"' lugng lon thi lugng hang luu kho van duce duy tri

mirc tOi thi'eu. Tai moi thoi diem, phan lon luting hang ton kho cua 7-Eleven

duot cha bang xe tai tren d&mg toi cira hang.

Quy mo cua kho hang nho CO ilea la thuimg chi co 2 hoac 3 quay

thanh town. Boi vi khach hang muOn mua hang nhanh ch6ng nen phan cimg

va phan mem POS — Point of Sale phai hoat &Ong rat nhanh va dap img kip

nhu cau.

436

2. Giai phap.

Sherry Neal la nhan vien kho hang lanh dm 7-Eleven tai Rockwall, Texas. Chi can theo dei tren man hinh met may tinh cam tay nho la c6 the tim dugc dir lieu ban hang trong yang 4 tuAn. Thong qua mang may tinh khong day, quan 1S, cira hang 7-Eleven c6 the OA hang cho ngay tier) theo ma khong can dai khOi ban lam viec cua minh.

Cimg hie do, met lai xe tai dang san sang cha sfr'a a dem giao thi nguai quan ly kho hang dimg anh ta lai, "Cha met chat" — ngtrai quan 1S/ kho not va xem thong se tai dAu dgc RFID cua minh, "Nhang thimg sira nay da bi hong. Mac du, hien tai cluing dang dugc bao quan a nhiet de tot, nhung chimg da bi de ham ming trong 9 tieng ngay hem qua. Chung ta khong thy nhung thimg sira nay ncra. Nhang thimg khac deu dat tieu chuAn, hay giao chung di." Cau chuyen ve chuyen giao sita vira rei co the chi la chuyen ke, nhung may tinh dm Sherry Neal la co that, va cong nghe nay hien dang dugc sir dung rang rai tai cac cira hang ciia 7-Eleven.

Ca 2 cau chuyen ten deu not den cong nghe nhan Wet qua tan se radio (RFID). Khi (Ring g6i mot san pham, ngtrai ta gan them met con chip china dung cac thong tin ve ngay san xuat, noi san xuat, se 10, ngay ban hang. Chip va anten nho dugc gan vao met mieng nhua nho bang &mg 25 xu. Khi dugc kich hoat bang song radio dm may RFID, con chip chuyen tai thong

tin den may dgc va nha quan 1S, co the so sanh dugc hang trong kho, vai doanh se ban hang va 41 hang mai. Cau chuyen ve 18 stra tren dugc dua teen the RFID "th8ng minh" co the luu lai nhung thay d6i ve moi trui:rng, tuy nhien ding nghe nay hien con rat (lit va clura the sir dung Ong

Keith Morrow — giam dee cong nghe thOng tin dm 7-Eleven cho biet, chuOi cira hang cila Ong dac Net chti trong tai RFID. Phtrcmg pilaf) theo del nay lam Ong rat tang thit. Ong n6i: "Chung tOi muen nhung thong tin do a mire chi tiet han, dac biet la dei vdri cac san pham thirc an va sita. Trong met the giai hoan hao, chimg ta co the kiem soat dugc mgi thir thong qua thai gian sir dung cita san phAm tuai song". Nhung chi phi la bao nhieu? Ong Morrow ding cho biet them rang Ong ding lo ngai ve gia "Viec nay se khien cho gia cua moi chiec sandwich len tai bao nhieu?" Hien nay, gia cua

437

mOi the RFID va &au doc qua cao va kho c6 the ph6 bien rOng rai tong nghe RFID. Tuy nhien, nguari to by vong gia cita ding nghe RFID se giam manh va dugc sir dung rang rai trong nira thap ky tad.

Trong mOt th6i gian ngan, 7-Eleven da ky mOt hop dung hap tac ph'an mem POS d'Oc quyen voi cac hang san xuat phan cimg nhu HP, NCR va NEC. Cong nhe nay dang dugc trien khai tren han 5.300 dia diem teen toan nuac My va hira hen thay d6i dugc cach luu kho hien nay. Cong nghe nay dem lai t6c dq xuat hang cao han, nhtmg d6 chi la khoi dau. Cong ty du kien se sam thin nghiem the thanh town tra tusk sir dung song radio tai cac cira hang 6. Texas va Florida. Nhimg the radio nay ding giling nhu the Speedpass dm Exxon Mobil Corp. se giup 7-Eleven kiem tra hang xuat kho nhanh han bao gi6 het.

3. Ket qua

Cac chuyen gia dm 7 —Eleven cho rang h6 th6ng kiem soat hang km kho se gifip cac nha quan ly xac dinh luting hang can thiet phi' hop voi nhu cau. Cac thiet bi kh8ng day gidp cac nguoi quan 157 cira hang giai guy& dugc cac kho khan tru6c day : dat hang dung s6 luting can thiet cho mOi mat hang. D4t hang thieu c6 nghia la giam doanh thu, dat hang thira co nghia la tang chi phi.

Cac thiet bi khOng day nay c6 man hinh cam ling, anh san pham do d6

a clang sir dung va CO dO chinh xac cao.

4. Bai h9c

7 — Eleven la mOt trong rat nhieu ding ty dang sir dung cac thiet bi di dOng a quan 1S, hang luu kho tot han, tang hieu qua kinh doanh, cai tien dich vu khach hang va tang lgi nhuan. Tren thuc t6 WALMART con tien xa han bang each sir dung cOng nghe RFID. Cac doanh nghiep dang trang bi cho l?c luting ban hang may tinh cam tay, cung cap chO khach hang dich vu Internet khong day mien phi...

438

EBAY• Website dtiu gid Low what thi gioi

Cau hal:

1.BAi h9c kinh nghiem?

2. YL to dam bao thAnh cong?

3. So sanh yen 1 website cong ngAnh tai Viet Nam?

EBay

Den nay, eBay lA mot trong cac mo hinh kinh doanh dien tir thAnh cong va c6 mirc lad nhuan hang dau hien nay. Y Wong kinh doanh den v6i Pam

Omidyar, mot nhA suu tam cac d6 co, da dugc doanh nghiep trai ciia Pam la

Pierre Omidyar phat trien thanh mot mo hinh &Au gia true tuyen rat thAnh

cong.

Giai phap

Nam 1995, Omidyar thanh lap mot cong ty &Au gia vai ten goi

AuctionWeb, sau dugc dei ten thanh eBay vo7 se san pham dugc dua len dau gia trung binh 500,000 san pham/ngAy. Den nay c6 khoang 20 trieu ngtrad sir dung eBay. Hoat Ong kinh doanh dau tien cua eBay IA cung cap

mgt san giao dich dien tir a tien hanh cac giao dich dau gia C2C. Trong mo

hinh nay, may tinh dam nhiem vai trO cua ngtrad to chirc dau gia. Tren eBay, nguari to co the dau gia hau nhu m9i thir. eBay thu mot khoan phi khi clang tin dau gia va tri gia cac giao dich dau gia. Phi dang thong tin du gia ding dugc chia theo cac mirc d8 khac nhau, phi cao nhat giAnh cho cac san pham

dau gia dugc dang tai tren trang

Quy trinh dau gia dugc bat dau khi ngtrai ban dien vAo form thong tin

va clang tai ten eBay. Ngtrad ban cung phai (tat ra mirc gia t6i thieu va thad

gian hieu luc cua chAo ban. NL dau gia thAnh cong, nguad mua va nguasi ban c6 the thugng *mg hinh thirc thanh town, giao hang, bao hanh va cac dieu lchoan khac. eBay &mg vai tr6 trung gian; qua do, ngtrad mua va ban c6

the tien hAnh giao dich.

439

eBay khong tham gia cac hoat dOng nhu km kho hang, giao nhan nhu

Amazon.com va cac nha ban le khac. eBay chu yeti phpc vu cac khach hang

ca nhan, tuy nhien ding c6 nhung Bich vu ma rOng ra cho cac khach hang la

doanh nghiep.

Nam 2001, eBay bat dau tham gia dau gid cac tae pham nghe thuat vai

www.icollector.com va www.sothebys.com Do khong thu duqc lqi nhuan,

na'm 2003, eBay va sothebys tdch rieng thanh hai mang hoat dOng, theo do

eBay quang ba hoat dOng dau gid truyen thiing cua Sothebys ten Live

Auction va ding thai day manh hoat dOng dau gid cac d6 c6 va my nghe.

Ben canh do eBay ma rang hoat dOng ra qu6c te, den nay c6 lchoang 31

nuac tham gia, trong do dien hinh co my, Canada, Phdp, Thuy Dien, Brazil,

Anh, pc, Singapore va Nhat Ban. eBay ding co nhfing sites rieng tai mgt so nuac nhu Trung Qu6c, An DO, Han Qu6c va Nhat Ban tai do cac hoat dOng

hien nay chiem 46% doanh s6 cua eBay. Nguai mua to han 150 nuac tham

gia cac hoat dOng cua eBay. eBay ding cho phdp cac doanh nghiep tham gia

diu gid cac san pham cho ca mo hinh B2B va B2C.

eBay da xay dkmg duqc 60 trung tam dau gia tai My, cho phep ngudi

mua co the tim nhung san pham tai cac yang lan can, them chi gap trtrc tiep

de lien hanh giao dich. Ben canh do, eBay ding co nhitng site dau gid chuyen

nganh nhu 8 to tai eBay Motors. Giao dich co the dugc thuc hien tai mqi nai,

Mcn luc. Giao dich thucmg mai dien tir khong day ding duqc trien khai.

Nam 2002, eBay Seller Payment Protection duqc trien khai de dam bio

thanh toan duqc thuc hien an town han. Nguii ban duqc bit° ve tot han va

tranh duqc cac thanh town bang the va sec gia. Khi da thanh cong va co hang

chuc trieu khach hang, eBay bat du ma King hoat dOng sang linh vi src ban

le. Day co the la phan img tnrac viec Amazon.com ma dich vu dau gia,

nhung ding co the la buoy phat trien hqp 15 , dm viec da dang hoa hoat dOng

kinh doanh. Den cu6i atm 2003, eBay ding da xay dung xong mot so site

chuyen ve mgt s6 nganh hang nhat dinh.

MOt mo hinh thanh ding aka la eBay Stores, tai do eBay cho cac ca nhan

va t6 chile thue lai dien tich ten do de kinh doanh. Cac khach hang co the sir

440

dung dien tich nay de mua ban hoac dau gia. Nam 2002, eBay giai thieu

dich vu Business Marketplace, tai dia chi eBay.com/businessmarketplace .

Site nay tap trung tat ca cac &Au moi mua ban cua doanh nghiep tren do de

doanh nghiep co the tim ducic moi thir minh can tai met dia diem.

Ket qua

eBay thuc su co tac Ong lOn dei vai hoat dOng kinh doanh dien tit. Cac

mo hinh cua eBay khong chi nh'am thu loci nhuan ma con x'ay dung ductc met

cong deng Lem de duy tri cac hoat dOng. Vori tong s6 thanh vien nam 2004

dat 125 trieu ngu&i. Theo bao cao tai chinh cua cong ty, doanh se ban hang

qua eBay dat 40 tS, do la MST' dem lai cho cong ty doanh thu khoang 3 tS ,

USD va loi nhuAn khoang 500 trieu do la My.

CO the thAy, nai duy nhAt hien nay moi ngu&i clang tien hanh giao dich

thucmg mai true tuyen nhieu hcm truyen thong la c/Au gia dien tir. Ban le

dien tit hien nay van thAp hon ban le truytn thong 5%.

441

AMAZON.COM: nut hifn don d I hang tryr tuyin

Cau h6i:

1. Bai hoc kinh nghiem?

2. Yeu t6 dam bao thanh ding?

3. So sanh von 1 website cling nganh tai Viet Nam?

1. Nhiing kW, khan:

Voi hinh thirc ban le truyen th6ng, khach hang di den dm hang mua

sim va mang hang v'e nha. VOi hinh thirc ban le Ulm tuyen, khach hang dat

hang qua mpg va hang h6a dugc chop den nha cua khach hang. Do d6, viec

luu kho hang hoa to. nen het six can thiet. Tuy nhien, viec nay doi hoi nhieu

chi phi va thai gian, tham chi lam triet tieu cac lgi the dm ban le truc tuyen.

Amazon.com, vua ban le true tuyen ding da phai d6i mat von vAn de nay.

Khi thanh lap vao nam 1995, mo hinh kinh doanh dAu tien la "Virtual

Retailing" hay ban le ao voi khong cila hang, khong c6 hang trong kho va

khong c6 he th6ng phan ph6i. 1"7 tuerng kinh doanh ban dAu la chi chAp nhan

nhcmg don dat hang qua mang va chAp nhan thanh town. Sau do de cac ben

con lai thtrc hien dun dat hang. Trong thOi gian ngin Amazon.com da nhan

thay mo hinh kinh doanh nay c6 the phO hop \fed cac cfra hang ban le nho

nhung kh8ng the phii hop von mOt cfra hang ban le khting 16.

2. Giii phap:

Amazon.com quyet dinh thay ct6i mo hinh kinh doanh va to xir lY hang

km kho. Cong ty da dAu to khoang 2 ty do la My de xay dung kho hang tren

khap nuac My va nhanh chong troy thanh cong ty hang Tau ye quan ly kho

hang, to dOng hoa kho hang, dung goi, va quan ly he th6ng cung ling. Viec

t6 chirc phan ph6i hang den khach hang dugc ding ty thue 10 dich vu cua

UPS va U.S.Postal-Service.

Amazon.com da thuc hien hang trieu don hang mOt cach hieu qua nhu the nao?

442

Buirc 1: Khi 1 khach hang dat hang truc tuyen, may tinh kiem tra vi tri cua nhfing mat hang. May tinh ding xac dinh trung tam phan ph6i nao trong

he th6ng cfra Amazon.com se thuc hien don hang nay. Trong tn.rang hop

khac, may tinh cling co the xac dinh nha cling cAp se thkrc hien don hang nay neu Amazon.com chi dong vai tro trung gian, ban le. Dan dat hang dugc truyen true tiep den trung tam phan ph6i hoac nha cling cAp. Cac btrac thIrc hien don hang tai cac trung tam phan ph6i cua Amazon.com , vai dien tich khoang 80 nghin m2 dat tai Ferny-Nevada.

13thfre 2: Quan 15, kho hang, nguai quan 1S, kho hang tai trung tam phan ph6i nhan tat ca cac don hang va dieu ph6i trim tuyen den cac nhan vien cu

the.

Birk 3: Cac mat hang (sach, games, CD...) dugc km kho trong cac khoang hang ten gia. Moi khoang hang có mot den do va mot nut dieu

khien. Khi don dat hang d6i vai mon hang nao dugc xac nhan thi den do se

to &Ong bAt sang. Ngutri giao hang di doc theo gia hang va nhat mon hang ra

khoi don hang. Sau khi nhat mon hang nhan vien An nut a Reset lai hang.

Neu den tiep tigic bat sang thi h9 lai nhat them mot mat hang. Cu the lap lai

den khi den tit hAn.

Buk 4: Cac mon hang dugc dat vao mot bang chuyen trong he th6ng bang chuyen dai khoang 15.000m tai moi kho hang.

Btrov 5: Hang tren bang chuyen dugc chuyen den vi tri trung tam, tai

do ma hang dugc kiem tra vai tong don mat hang. Sau do dugc tiep Arc chuyen den khu vuc dong goi. He th6ng may tinh xir 1S, cac don hang d6ng

th6i cho phep cac mat hang dugc lAy tir nhieu diem khac nhau trong kho. Chuyen den ding mot dia diem de dong goi.

Bulk 6: Neu khach hang yeu cAu goi qua, viec nay se dugc thvc hien

bang tay.

Book 7: Cac kien hang dugc dong goi, can Ong, dan nhan va chuyen

den 1 trong 40 c6ng giao hang cua kho. Tir day, hang dugc chuyen den UPS hoac USPS. Trong toan 130 quy trinh hang luon dugc scan lAy thong tin

ve tinh tang hang hoa.

443

3. Ket qua

Moi kho hang c6 the phan phi dugc 200.000 mat hang trong met ngay. Tat ca 5 kho hang c6 the giri den 3 trieu mat hang trong met met ngay trong

th6i kST cao diem cila cac ngay le. Tuy nhien, trong nam 2004, nhcing kho

hang c6 kha nang phan phi dugc 1 trieu mat hang trong met ngay, vi sir chain tre xay ra trong nhang gib cao diem. Amazon.com cho nhang nha ban le khac thue lai met phan kho hang - Target va Toyrus. He th6ng nay dem lai cho Amazon.com dinh gia thap han va co nang luc canh tranh cao han, dac biet to khi cong ty trey thanh met sieu thi ban hang tivc tuyen kh6ng 10 voi hang nghin mat hang dugc ban throng xuyen. Tir nam 2004 ding ty bat dAu c6 Lai nhuan on dinh.

De tang hieu qua giao hang, cac mat hang dugc ghee vao trong met

chuyen hang. Viec nhan hang tra lai dugc thuc hien boi met cong ty chuyen trach la Alterac.com dat tai Aborn — Washington.

4. Bii h9c:

Amazon.com cho thy su phirc tap d6i voi viec th%rc hieu dan at hang dloi \Teri ding ty ban le tr%rc tuyen 16n tren mang. Thuc hieu dan d4t hang la met phAn 1&n dm TMDT va la yeu t6 quy6t dinh thanh cong cho hoat &Ong ban le ten mang.

444

SEARCH WARS: Mo hinh cong cu search

Cau

1. Bai hgc kinh nghiem?

2. Yeu t6 dam bao thanh ding?

3. So sanh voi 1 website ding nganh tai Viet Nam?

1. Van de

M6t trong nhang linh vuc canh tranh nhat tren Internet hien nay la Search Engine. Nhimg thucmg hieu hang dau dugc Ice den la Excite, Lycos,Altavista, Inktomi. Nhimg cong cu search nay chit yeti dua vao phan tich cac tir khoa — den tan sit& cac vi tri tir khoa ten cac trang Web. Den nay lqi nhuan tir cong cu tim kiem con rat han the. Vi du Altavista do Digital Equipment phat trien nham the hien phan cimg vOi cong suat cao chic khong he dem lai lgi nhuan cho Digital.

Cu6c chitin ten Web bat du tir nam 1998 khi Google giori thieu cac duang link dirge Ira chuOng. Google nhanh chong tra thanh cong cu search dau tien hang du va ding la cong cu du tien co dugc 19i nhuan, ngu6n thu cita Google chit yeu tir quang cao va chitin dich IPO thanh cong vao gala nam 2004.

Thang 2 nam 2004 Yahoo da thay d6i mo hinh Web Directory thanh Internet Portal vai ding cu Yahoo Search dugc xay dung tren cong nghe cua

Altavista, Inktomi va AlltheWeb. Thang 9 nam 2004 Amazon.com giai

thieu A9.com cho phdp nguOi dung luu tit nhUng th6ng tin tra cfru, ghi chit ngay tren trang Web. Thang 11 nam 2004 Microsoft chay ban thir nghiem MSN search.

Google cling phai d6i mat vai nhieu cong ty nho han trong link vuc tim kiem tren Web nhu Teoma.com, dipsie.com, clusty.com, snap.com ... Tat Ca nhimg cong ty deu mu6n trO thanh Google tiep theo. Voi lgi nhuan va tieng tam Google thin hai. Theo nguoi sang lap ra Internet Archeive 20% giao dich tren Web tap trung vao 10 Website hang du.

445

2. Giai phap

De d6i mat voi cuOc canh tranh nay Google dua ra nhieu ding cu dtra tren nang luc ve cong nghe search. Rat nhieu cong cu trong s6 nay dugc cung cap voi phien ban thir nghiem bao g6m: Froogle.com, catalogs.google.com, news.google.com, scholar.google.com, Google cling

thieu google wireless, google group, google answer. Ve mat chien lugc google dang tan dung thuang hieu hang dau ve ding nghe va cac rinh vut Nam ra ngoai finh vqc tim kiem ten Web. Doi khi nhiing chr an nay day Google vao canh tranh trvc tiep voi nhimg cong ty khiing 16 trong thuang mai dien

Print.google.com tuang to voi chtic nang cua amazon.com "search inside the book"; Gmail.google.com canh tranh trqc tiep yeti hotmail va

yahoo; Google destop canh tranh vai chirc nang tim kiem ctia window.

3. Ket qua

Nhimg dich vu mdfi ma Google tung ra tan dung kha nang ve cong nghe search a tim kiem thu dien tir sach va file tren may tinh da vugt ra ngoai pham vi tim kiem tren web. Nhimg chi& lugc nay cita Google nham thuc hien sir menh "to organize the world's information and make it universally

useful and accessible".

Ve mat tai chinh, Google ding chimg to thanh cong veri doanh so 806

trieu USD tinh rieng trong quSr 2 nam 2004. Thang 11 nam 2004 gia trj google la 52 ti de la My bang dm ca hai hang Ford va General cong lai.

Chien lugc tiep theo cua Google la gi? Theo cac chuyen gia tai chinh

hog dung chinh cita Google la ding ngh'e tim kiem, doanh s6 va lqi nhuan chit yeu tir quang cao gi6ng nhu cac cong thOng tin MSN va Yahoo. Lieu nhung chien lugc ma Ong cua Google vao cac link v‘rc mai co lam phai mdf tieng tam va lqi nhuan cita cong cu search s6 1 the gidfi hay khong? Nheng chien lugc nay co can thiet hi!) trq su phat trim chien lugc cira Google hay kitting? MO hinh kinh doanh thtrc skr cua Google la gi? Cau tra lai dOi voi Mien cau hoi nay se quyet dinh chien lugc tiep theo cita Google trong lchong gian s6.

446

4. Bai h9c

Tnrac h8t nhtmg chitin ludic Google dang thuc hi8n la ph ► hop voi th8

manh v8 cong ngh8 search. Gia tri nong cot ma google dem 14i cho khach

hang phii hgp vai khAu hi8u "To organize the world information"

Google khong phai la cong cu search dAu ti8n nhung google la cong cu

search tot that va thanh cling nhAt teen linh vuc tim ki8m. Google cling by

vgng thanh cong nhu vay vai gmail va googleprint.

447

CIGNA: eng dyng eCRM va cai tien dich vu CRM

Cau

1.Tai sao CIGNA phai tritn khai TMDT?

2. Hay chi ra hoat dOng CRM da dugc CIGNA thur hien?

3. Cac hoat dOng CRM c6 lien quan gi dtn thuc hien dan hang trong

nganh dich vu?

4. He th6ng CNTT va TMDT da cai tin va thuc hien dan hang nhu tht

nao?

1. Nhihig MI6 khan

CIGNA (cigna.com) la mOt trong 4 ding ty bao him 16n nhAt cua my. Viec canh tranh ngay cang. gia tang trong nganh bao him lchien cong ty giam tan nhuan khoang 500 trieu do la My nam 2002 va gia c6 phitu giam 40%. Ben canh do, cong ty ding chiu nhitu ap luc khac cua thi tnr6ng.

Tnrac htt, cong ty, cung vai mOt so cong ty bao him khac la Aetna va Humana, bi dua ra tOa boi hang nghin cac bac sy teen khip Ca nu6c kien

ding ty vi theo ho cac cong ty bao him da cham tre trong viec tra tin cho benh nhan cua h9. Cac bac sy buOc tOi cong ty bao him da cham tre thanh

toan va tir chti thanh toan a giam chi phi. Thir 2: Luc lugng ban hang dm CIGNA trong khi c6 ging gianh nhirng khach hang Lan tnrac b6i canh canh tranh ngay cang tang da cam ktt ring cong ty se tritn khai mOt he thtng TMDT de cung cap dich vu khach hang tot han, tuy nhien he tilting nay van chua dugc xay dung xong. Thir 3: Viec quan IY CIGNA dang chiu ap luc giam chi phi sau khi 19i nhun suy giam. Do do, ban quan IY mong mu& co mOt he tilling mai gOp phan giam chi phi va tang hieu qua.

2. Giii phap

CIGNA da dua ra mOt ke hoach 16n nham na'ng cap he tilting thong tin Von dugc xay dung tir nam 1992 thanh mOt he thtng TMDT hien dai. Kt hoach nay nham tich hap cac hoat dOng clang kY, xir ly va dich vu khach hang. Tir do cac yeu cau ve y to co tht dugc xu ly nhanh hcm va hieu qua

448

hon. Wong thei cac nhan vien dich vu khach hang cling c6 the tiep can vai khach hang tot hcm.

We thvc hien cac muc tieu teen, CIGNA phai cling c6 he th6ng cu va tich hop vao he th6ng mOi. Tir do, CIGNA TA phat trien ra hai he th6ng tich hop: met he th6ng kiem tra danh gia cac yeu cau tra bao hiem va met he th6ng khac thu phi bao hiem. BO phan Cong nghe thong tin d'a xay dung toan be co s6 CNTT tir dau de c6 the 118 trq hai he thong nay. We lam dugc dieu nay, Be phan CNTT da cai t6 toan be co so ha tang CNTT.

CIGNA thue ding ty KAP Gemini ERNSTYOUNG de h8 trg trien khai viec thay doi quy trinh kinh doanh va quan ly. CIGNA ding ph6i hop

CGEY de phat trien va trien khai cac ling dung TMDT nham cho phep khach hang c6 the dang ky, kiem tra yeu cau bao hiem, kiem tra cac lgi ich bao hiem va lva chon cac goi bao hiem khac nhau hoan toan trvc tuyen. NhUng ling dung nay cho phep than vien phuc vu khach hang c6 the nhin ding the thong tin ve tong khach hang va tir do nam dugc tong the qua trinh giao dich vai tong khach hang nham phuc vu khach hang tot hon.

3. Ket qua: Vao thang gieng nam 2002, ha tang CNTT va dich vu khach hang tri

gia 1 ty $ cua cong ty CIGNA di vao hoat Ong vai 3,5 trieu khach hang dm

he th6ng cu dugc chuy'en sang hai he theing mai trong yang vai phut. Mac du CO met s6 trkic tr4 trong viec chuyen d6i, sau 6 than CIGNA da thanh cong trong viec sira 18i va he thong !DM bat dau chinh thirc hoat Ong. Cong ty cling khai tnrcmg website mycigna.com met cong thong tin tut tuyen gifip khach hang co the tra cfru thong tin loi ich cua ho, Ilia chon, so sanh cac ke hoach bao hiem, kiem tra filth tang thanh toan bao tam, truy cap cac thong tin lien quan den y to va tham van trvc tuyen.

449

WAL-MART: Thwong mai dien ter trong nganh ban le Click & Motar

Call lad:

1. So sanh Wal-Mart.com va Amazon.com chi ra nhang di'e'm tucmg

Sing va nhUng net rieng dm 2 Website?

2. Danh gia kha nang canh tranh cua Wal-Mart va Amazon.com. Phan

tich cac dien kin thanh ding dm Wal-Mart khi tham gia Thuang mai dien

tir?

3. So sanh qua trinh mua hang er walmart.com va amazon.com?

4. Khach hang nuerc ngoai co nhirng lai ich gi khi mua hang a

walmart.com?

WAL-MART bin hang trvc tuyen

Walmart la tap doan ban le lan nhAt tren the giOi vii 2971 cfra hang tai

Hoa KS/, khoang 1355 cfra hang tren khAp the gioi va 528 CLB Sam. Wal-

Mart tuyen dung khoang 1,5 trieu nhan ding. IthAu hieu dm cong ty la: "Ai

la s6 mOt? Khach Hang". Wal-Mart da xay dk.mg dugc hinh anh thong qua

viec t6 chirc hieu qua qua trinh ban le va quan lf he th6ng cung cap, chief.'

thang &Si thi► canh tranh bAng chitin lugc gia thAp. Tuy nhien, Wal-Mart gAp

phai mOt van a trong chitin lugc ban hang tivc tuyen do la: Yeu to nhan

khAu hoc dm khach hang. Thi truang mvc tieu dm Wal-Mart la cac ho gia

dinh vai doanh thu 25 nghin do la my. Trong khi thu nhAp trung Binh dia

khach hang la 60 nghin do la my. BAt chAp sv khac biet nay viec ban hang tivc tuyen (chu yeti la am

nhac, du lich va hang dien tit qua website walmart.com) ding dA chiem 10% doanh s6 ban hang dia Wal-Mart tai Hoa KS ,. D6i thin canh tranh lau deri dm

Wal-Mart la Kmart Inc ding clang c6 gang thu but khach hang mua hang tai

website Kmart.com bang cach cung cap dich vv Internet mien phi. Kmart

ding tan cong bang cac chieu thirc giam gia. Tuy nhien, chitin lugc nay lam giam lqi nhuAn dm Kmart nghiem tong va an den sv pha san vao

nam 2002.

450

Wal-Mart cling tang cuang hoat &Ong thucmg mai dien tir bang viec

lien minh vai AOL vao nam 2001 de cling cap Internet d'e'n vung ngoai o va

nong thou dac biet la nhcing yang chua c6 cira hang oh Wal-Mart. Muc

dich dm Wal-Mart la thu hint nhung phan doan thi tnrang mai va giam tac

dOng dai vai cac cira hang hien tai. Wal-Mart cling sir dung mo hinh ban le

thich hop kk hop gift thucmg mai dien tir va thucmg mai truy&I theing.

Vao nam 2002 Walmart.com di vao giai doan an Binh cho phdp khach

hang mua hang, kie'm tra tinh trang don hang, dich vu ho trg khach hang, tra

lai hang, tim ki6m cira hang. Ben canh do cung cap mot s6 dich vu nham

xay dung cong d6ng nhu chia se anh.

Mac du Wal-Mart mai chi cung cap mot s6 mat hang truc tuy'en, nhung

s6 lucmg mat hang ngay cang tang. Nam 2004, Wal-Mart bat dAu ban cac

bai hat true tuy6n vai gia 88p mot bai canh tranh vai Apple iTune. Cac mat

hang c6 gia thAp hcm 5$ khOng dugc ban trnc tuy6n. Website thu but khoang

8 trieu loot ngtrai xem m6i tuAn. Thang 11 nam 2004, theo th6ng ke, s6

luting ngtrai truy cap tang so vai ding ky nam 2003.

Trong nam 2005 Wal-Mart tang ctrang them nhi'u san phAm mai vao

ban true tuy6n. Cac khach hang ntrac ngoai ding c6 th6 mua hang true ti6p

tit Website hoac nhan hang tir cac doi tic tai nuac do. VI du nhu mot khach

hang a Anh c6 th6 mua hang a Wal-Mart nhung nhan hang tai Asda.

451

GENERAL MOTOR: Sting kiln thwang mai din tirB2B

Cau hot:

1. Bai hoc kinh nghiem

2. Yeu t6 dam bao thanh cong

3. So sanh vai 1 website ding nganh tai Viet Nam

I. Dili mat yid kh6 khan

GM la nha san xuit o to lem nhit the giai vori san phArn ban teen 190 nuac va c6 nha may teen han 50 nuoc. Do sue ep canh tranh trong nganh

san xuit o to ngay cang tang, GM Won tim cach tang hieu qua san xuit. GM

trien khai mot m6 hinh kinh doanh dien tir yen muc tieu san xuit o to theo m8 hinh nay trong vai nam tori vai chi phi tilt ki'em hang trieu USD nhtr

giam chi phi km kho thanh phim.

Hien nay, GM van dang ban o to theo yeu cAu khach hang tai cac

website cua nhang nha phan ph6i, phuang phap nay c6 the gill]) GM tranh

ducrc xung dot vori cac nha phan ph6i khOng do GM so him. M6 hinh nay

del hoi cac nha phan phi ciia GM phai chia se th8ng tin ve san phim, dich

vu va bao hanh yeti nhau va voi cac nha cung cap dm GM.

Ben canh do, GM ding phai d6i mat vai vin de kinh dien cua cac nha

san xuAt lon v'e khiu hao may moc, thiet bi (khi cong nghe cang phat trien,

nang suit cac may moc nay cang giam so voi tieu chuin chung ten thi

twang). GM thuOng ban cac may moc nay qua trung gian diu gia. Cac giao

dich &Au gia truyen th6ng mat tiled gian vai tuAn d'e'n ca thang, mat khac GM

phai tra khoang 20% hoa Wong cho trung gian diu gia.

MO't yin de am GM phai d6i mat la mua nguyen lieu san xuAt pkic vu hoat dOng cua cong ty. GM mua khoang 200.000 san phArn tir han 20.000

nha cung cap khac nhau voi chi phi han 100 tS, USD /nam. Cong ty dang sir

dung he th6ng diu thAu truyen th6ng de thucmg luring vai nhang nha cung

cap tiem nang C8ng ty giri yeu cAu ky thuat den cac nha cung cap tiem

nang; cac nha cung cap se giri ve chao gia. GM se hp chon nhimg nha thAu

452

dap img yeu cAu ky thuat va có mirc gia hop 1E , nhAt. Neu mirc gia cua tat ca

cac nha cung cap van qua cao, GM se phai t6 chirc diu thou yang 2, hoac vong 3. Quy trinh nay thuOng mat mot vai tuin, cif) khi mot vai than cho

den khi GM chic chin ring lira chon dugc nha cung cap vai mirc gia hop 13%

va chit lucing tot nhit. Qua trinh chuin bi va chi phi du thiu khien mot s6 nha cung cap khong the tham gia quy trinh dau thAu dm GM. Dieu nay da

han the s6 lugng nha cung cap tham gia diu thAu dtmg nghia mirc gia GM phii tra cho nha cung cap trimg thiu thuang cao hcm.

H. Giii phip

De giai guy& yin de chia se th6ng tin gift nha cung cap va nha phan

ph6i, GM xay dung he th6ng thong tin ANX (Automotive Network eXchange). Chinh mo hinh nay dm GM da dugc cac nha san xtfAt 6 to khac

img h0 va phat trien thanh san giao dich B2B trong nganh 6 to vai ten goi

covisint.com.

De giai quyet yin de ve xir 13', may moc, thiet bi da qua sir dung, GM sir

dung covisint.com a tien hanh diu gia cac thiet bi, may moc nay. San phim

dau gia dau tien la may dap Ong 75 tin, GM dua len mang nhang thong s6 ky thuat, anh, va h6 so qua trinh hoot dOng cua cac may dap nay. 140 nguari

mua dugc mei tham du thiu, thin gian chuin bi 1 tuAn va dau gia dugc thuc hien qua mang trong vong 2 gia, cac thiet bi deu dugc ban vii gia hgp

De giai quy'et Van de mua sim nguyen lieu, thiet bi &Au vao. GM t6 chirc dau thAu trip tuyen vai hinh thirc "reverse auction" . Cac nha cung cap

tham gia dau thAu va chao gia ho có the cung cap cac san phim ma GM dang can mua. Cac cuOc dau thAu tzvc tuyen deu "ma", co nghia cac nha

cung cap tham du deu co the nhin 014 gia cua cac nha cung cap khac dang

chao ban. He th6ng tieu chi danh gia ding dugc GM ding b6 cho cac nha

cung cap nhu gia, thOi han giao hang, phucmg thirc thanh town... de qua do

lira chon cac nha cung cap phu hgp nhAt.

III. Ket qua

Chi trong vong 89 phut ma till, tam chiec may dap hang nang da dugc

453

ban vai gia 1,8 trieu do la my. Vai quy trinh dAu thAu truac do, thong

thuang GM chi ban dugc vai gia bang khoang 50% va mat khoang 4 den 6 tuAn. Tir nam 2001, GM t6 chirc hang tram cu8c dAu thu nhu vay, d6ng theri khuyen khich cac nha cung cap khac tham gia san dAu gia tivc tuyen

nay, tat nhien GM thu mot khoan hoa h6ng teen gia ban cu6i cling.

Trong lAn dAu gia dAu lien d6i vai lop cao su o to truc tuyen, mut gia

GM chgn dugc thAp han nhieu so vai san phAm ding loai GM mua tnrac do. Hien nay, hang tuAn GM t6 chirc nhieu cu8c dAu gia, hcm the chi phi quan ly

t6 chirc dAu gia truc tuyen cling giarn 40% so vai chi phi t6 chirc dAu gia

truyen th6ng truac day.

IV. Bai h9c kinh nghi"?in

Hai mo hinh thuang mai dien tir do GM t6 chirc g6m: dAu gia truc

tuyen a ban thiet bi d'a qua sir dung, mo hinh dAu thAu truc tuyen de mua

nguyen lieu, thiet bi dAu vao. Cac giao dich dugc thuc hien qua san giao

dich dien tir B2B cua rieng GM, thong qua san giao dich nay GM dong vai

tro dm Ca nguai ban va nguei mua. Mo hinh dm GM co the alp dung rOng

raj d6i von nhieu nganh nghe kinh doanh khac.

454

Phu live 2: Qui trinh ks7 ket va thtre hiO hop dOng din tir bing email

1. Email chao hang

My thuOc vao tirng cong ty

2. Hoi hang tir phia khfich hang

2003-08-07

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

We received email from you yesterday. We are trading company treating

various gift items in Japan. Our main items are wooden ware and lacquer

ware. We import most of them from China.

We are interested in Bamboo basket. We will be appreciated if you could

send us CD or catalogue first, or suggest me latest and detailed information.

If you are OK, Pls. let me know your business partner in Japan.

Best regards

DCBA TRADING CO., LTD.

KAZUNORI TABATA

JAPAN

TEL. 81-123-45-6789

FAX. 81-123-45-679

EMAIL. tabata.k@dcba.ne.jp

3. Tra via giri catalogue

Thy thuOc vao timg cong ty

4. Hoi hang ad WA m(it se san phem cu the

455

2003-08-21

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

We received your CD catalogue several days ago. Thank you very much.

Now we'd like to ask you to quote about those baskets as attached file.

Pls. quote by the quantity 2,000 to 3,000 for each items.

Best regards

KAZUNORI TABATA

2003-08-25 (Tra liri lAn 1) - Giii Photos ciia Counter Samples vit Gil

Dear Mr. KAZUNORI TABATA,

Thank you very much for your inquiry.

We are pleased to enclose the detail quotation for seven items you sent us.

We also enclosed the photos of the samples we have just produced

according to your photos.

In the quotation, we quoted the prices for about 2000 pieces for each items.

If you have bigger demand, we can supply.

Thank you for your co-operation and we are looking forward to hearing

from you.

Yours sincerely,

Hoang ,

Director

2003-08-27 (Till RA !An 2) - Dieu chinh gia

Dear Mr. Tabata,

Following the e-mail yesterday, we are now sending you the pictures of

sample A, B with handles and new sample of item D.

We also would like to quote the lower price for item D (IP -MIY-004) at:

USD 1.37/ pc.

456

Please find the picture in the enclosed excel file.

Thank you very much for your co-operation and we are looking forward to

hearing from you.

Best regards,

Hoang ,

5. Gia dirge chap thu#n, gin miu de kiem tra chat hrqng

2003-09-01

Dear Mr.Hoang ,

Thanks for your email with picture.

It seems that some price of your items are very attractive.

We would be appreciate if you could dispatch one sample per each to us in

order to examine your real articles.

Best regards

TABATA

Tri Rd vao ding ngay — Gin matt hang va Inform ve chat luting

Dear Mr. TABATA,

Thank you very much for your e-mail dated 1st Sep 2003.

This afternoon, we have sent you 4 samples of seven items you are

interested in.

As for quality of the products, you might be sure about that. I myself have

worked in Barotex (Bamboo and Rattan Export Company - a leading state

company for over ten years before I set up Inproexim Co., Ltd, my private

company). Therefore, I have experience in managing production and quality

to meet overseas customers, especially Japanese customers.

As for new customers, when we receive the L/C we always send samples for

confirmation before producing of all the order.

457

Moreover, we have been exporting to three Japanese customers (as

mentioned in the e-mail before; the last shipment was just on 26th Aug.

2003, for 600 sets of bamboo made planters to Fukuoka, for Western Shoji

Corporation).

We are looking forward to building a good business relationship with your

company for a long term.

Best personal regards,

Hoang ,

Director

6. Khach hang girl mAu nhirng san pham dinh dlat hang

2003-09-09

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

Thanks for your samples. We are studying now and be able to grasp your

quality.

We dispatched to you samples which we treat as our proper items today by

EMS.

They will be found in attached file, and not only basket but coaster and fork.

They are all made in China around Ninbou. Their quality is not so bad.

If you can manufacture loyal to them and cheaper price, we would be able to

shift to you.

We will be appreciate if you could manufacture those counter sample and

dispatch to us by returns.

By the way we heard that you were in Barotex in former days.

We, me and Mr. Miyamoto have visited there about 6 years ago.

I have a name card of Mr.Vo Anh Dao, but I don't remember well.

Perhaps they are almost closed a business as far as I remember when we

visited.

Did you move to Hanoi cause Barotex is in Ho Chi Minh

458

We ever traded with Hapro, but not so big business.

If we could come to terms with each other, we will visit you.

Best regards

Tabata

Tra kri ( 2003-09-10)

Dear Mr. Tabata,

Thank you very much for your e-mail dated 09 Sep 2003. We will start

producing when we receive your samples and send the counter samples to

you as soon as possible.

I used to work as the Manager of Import-Export Department of Barotex Ha

Noi which belongs to The Ministry of Trade. The company has branches in

DaNang and HoChiMinh City. I know all the staff in the company, but there

is no one names Vo Van Dao, perhaps he worked in Barotex of the local

belongs to People Committee of HoChiMinh Province.

I also know Mr. Nguyen Huu Thang, Director of Haprosimex. We used to

study at the Foreign Trade University, Viet Nam.

I hope that we will establish and develope the business relationship for a

long term.

I am really happy to know that you will visit our company in the near future.

Best personal regards,

Hoang ,

Director

7. Kiem tra mh

2003-09-30

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

Hello! Did you receive our sending samples?

459

Can you dispatch counter samples?

Waiting your reply

Best regards

Tabata

Tra Uri (2003 -10-02)

Dear Mr. Tataba,

We appology for the late reply because the internet in vietnam had some

changes in the last few days.

Thank you for your e-mail dated 30 Sep 2003.

We have received you samples and already produced two bamboo boxes

and some bamboo mats.

Yesterday, we sent the samples to you, and they will arrive about five days

later.

Regarding bamboo forks made of bamboo roots, we have not collected the

same bamboo roots as your samples because it was raining in the forests all

the last week. Therefore, it will take a few more days to complete the

bamboo forks.

We would like to enclose some handicraft-art samples for your reference. If

you find any of them interesting, please kindly contact us.

Best regards and we are looking forward to hearing from you.

Yours sincerely,

Hoang ,

8. IVIL dirge chip thqn — Gia tot

2003-10-07

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

We received your basket samples today. Thank you very much.

460

Watching them we regard almost same as our proper items made in China.

They could be satisfied with our customers.

We'd like to confirm those price. Watching your last sheet, E (big one) is

$0.60.,

F (small one) is $0.56. Is that right?

Also let me know the price of coaster.

Their color are little pale, but we suppose you could meke them little deep

easily as our original.

Also let me know the information of fork.

Best regards

K.Tabata

9. Dal hang chinh thtic

2003-10-22

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

After then, we discussed with all our staff, we'd like to have a first test order

to you with basket items. Watching your sample of basket, we regard they

are well-skilled high quality and no worse than that of China's. We believe

you could produce them all almost same as samples.

This is the first business for us on each other, this have a meaning of test

order for our long relationship. We are sorry we couldn't order so few

quantity by 20' container.

Our rough order is like that. Pls. calculate a C/F and let me know. We'll

adjust.

E. IP-MIY-005 Square basket (28x28x11.5cm) USD0.60(FOB)

2,500pcs

461

F. IP-MIY-006 Rectangular basket (18.5x28.5x11.5cm) USD0.50 (FOB)

1,000pcs

A.IP-MIY-001 Handy basket (12x22x15cm) USD0.83(FOB)

1,000pcs

the size not including handle

Re.color, though our Chinese samples are little dark brown, but pls. color

them like A type you could send to us. They are little light and little like

reddish-brown.

How about your delivery time?

Which way you prefer L/C or T/T?

But we are sorry they will be little delay because we will visit China

exhibision from the day after tomorrow for 6 days.

Best regards

K.Tabata

2003-10-23: Tri lei - Dieu chinh gia, gi do dinh may

Dear Mr.K.Tabata,

Thank you very much for your order.

Firstly, please accep our appologies for the mistake in unit price of item F,

in you e-mail dated 07 Oct you ask us to confirm the price USD 0.56, we

accepted but there was a mistake we typed USD 0.50 in our reply (we

enclose that e-mail at the end of this e-mail).

We would like to confirm the price for the three items as follows (same as

the offer in Excel file):

E. IP-MIY-005 Square basket (28x28x11.5cm)

USD 0.60(FOB) x 2,500pcs = $1.500

F. IP-MIY-006 Rectangular basket (18.5x28.5x11.5cm)

462

USD 0.56 (FOB) x 1,000pcs = $ 560

A. IP-MIY-001 Handy basket (12x22x15cm)

USD 0.83(FOB) x 1,000pcs = $ 830

(the size not including handle)

Freight charge for 01 container 20 feet from:

HaiPhong Port (Vietnam) to Osaka Port (Japan) = $600

Total Value = USD 3490

For the colour, we will paint them as your request, a little light and little like

reddish-brown.

Regarding the payment, we accept both L/C and T/T;

If you pay by T/T please send us 50% after you confirm the order and 50%

after the shipment.

We will deliver the goods maximum 30days after we receive your firm

order.

Best regard and thank you very much for your co-operation.

Hoang ,

10. Thanh toan

2003-10-31

Dear Mr. Hoang,

We are sorry for long silence 'cause we returned from China yesterday.

Re. last email from you, we'd like to confirm about that.

There is described that sentence;

Freight charge for 01 container 20 feet from: HaiPhong Port (Vietnam) to

Osaka Port (Japan) = USD 600

Our trade will be on FOB, we will pay the freight charge to our agent

directly after that.

463

You don't have to pay foward. We will leave all the transportation to our

agent.

So description will be like that; Pls. confirm.

E. IP-MIY-005 Square basket (28x28x11.5cm) USD 0.60(FOB) x

2,500pcs = $ 1.500

F. IP-MIY-006 Rectangular basket (18.5x28.5x11.5cm) USD 0.56 (FOB)x

1,000pcs = $ 560

A. IP-MIY-001 Handy basket (12x22x15cm) USD 0.83(FOB) x

1,000pcs = $ 830

The size not including handle

Total Value = $ 2890

We are sorry we can't order so few amount this time, but we will try to order

by 40" from next time.

Considering amount, we will T/T to your bank. Pls. let me know those

information.

1. PAYING BANK

2. BRANCH

3. BANK ADDRESS

4. BANK TEL. NO.

5. BANK FAX NO.

6. BENEFICIARY'S NAME

7. BENEFICIARY'S A/C NO.

8. BENEFICIARY'S ADDRESS

9. BENEFICIARY'S TEL. NO.

10. BENEFICIARY'S FAX NO.

Best regards

K.Tabata

464

11. Dieu chinh mau — Xac nh4n thanh town

2003-11-05

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

Thanks for your last email.

We could understand your bank information.

We will go to domestic business trip this week, so remittance will be next

week.

We heard your production days are about 30 days. Is that right?

Before your production, we'd like to confirm about article's spec

watching your samples.

1. E(IP-MIY-005) SQUARE BASKET

Re.shape little spread shape will be better as attached file.

Pls. make body part small only a little to open the lid easily.

(about 0.5cm each length and breadth)

2. F(IP-MIY-006) RECTANGULAR BASKET

Pls. make higher the body part about 0.5cm.

Best regards

Tabata

12. Lira chQn cong ty Arkin tai

2003-11-17

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

We are sorry to reply to you so late 'cause we are very busy this season.

Now we are prepared to T/T to your bank, but we are sorry to forget to ask

you to send INVOICE.

Could you pls. fax the INVOICE immediately? Otherwise we can't remit.

Waiting your sooner reply with best regards

K.TABATA

465

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

Now we'd like to ask you about shipping company in Vietnam.

We were taught that from you last email;

Freight charge for Olcontainer 20 feet from: HaiPhong Port to Osaka Port =

USD 600

We are not so familiar to import from Vietnam, we don't grasp shipping

information.

1. Is that freight USD600 cheap?

2. If that case, which company you intend to use?

3. Is that company convenience for you? Many rail a week?

4. We will use Kobe port not Osaka port.

After hearing your comment of those shipping information we will ask to

our agent compaing to

your information. Anyway cheaper and convenience way will be better.

Best regards

DCBA TRADING CO., LTD.

K.TABATA

Dear Mr. K.TABATA,

Thank you very much for your quick reply.

Regarding shipping information, we have checked again with shipping

company in Halloi:

1. Freight charge for 01 container 20 feet from: HAIPHONG Port to KOBE

Port = USD 580

2. The shipping company is: TS Line; agent: Viconship Company

3. Two voyages per week

466

4. Seven to Eight days from HaiPhong Port to Kobe Port

5. We have been dealing with this shipping company for years.

If you have further inquiries, please kindly let us know.

Best regards,

Hoang ,

13. NO), hang duvc chuyen

2003-12-03

Dear Mr.Hoang ,

Thanks for your email of sending samples.

Now we'd like to ask you about those matters.

When is your estimate shipping date?

We are very sorry to ask you; Could you dispatch samples of only handy

basket about 5 pieces?

It is the first item for us, so we have to plan gift set using that basket.

Best regards

K.Tabata

Thay dOi dieu WO co. sir giao hang FOB --> CFR

2003-12-08

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

Though we faxed you our forwarder information of K-LINE, we noticed

they are little expensive $20 comparing to your recommedation.

We'd like to confirm is Viconship career agent?

If so, pls. use that company instead of our agent.

Sorry and best regards

Tabata

467

14. Vuifvng mac

2003-12-15

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

We received your samples last Friday. Thank you very much.

Watching them, color of rect. box is almost good as same as our original

sample.

Indeed same color with square basket, pls.start.

Re. color of handy basket, enclose pictrure for the reference. color of this

time,

almost good, but comparing to the 1st one in the front side of the picture,

still little

different. It will be better to make them only a little brighter as the 1st one.

You don't

have sample of 1st one?

Best regards

Tabata

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

We are sorry that forgot to advise you.

Color of handle of this time, somehow little yellow, orange.

Pls. put them back first natural color.

Best regards

Tabata

15. Giao hang

16. Khieu nai

2004-01-20

468

Dear Mr. Hoang,

We received your cargoes today.

Watching them, we can't help complaining about standard and quality.

1. Handy basket

Somehow color of handle re. handy basket become white. Why?

We should have asked you Pls. put them back first natural color.

In last email. Did you mistake those meaning? Anyway they are very

strange to watch them why the part of

handle white. Don't you think so? I never said put them white, just put

back the first natural (brown) color.

Somehow they are very often alter, brown orange and white.

Those color of handle must be almost equal to those body color, brown

like your first sample.

Or black will be also fit well. Anyway if you couldn't understand, do not

hesitate to ask me.

How do you think about the solution way of this time?

Let me know your comments.

2. Square basket

Somehow those height became low about 1.5 cm even also mother body

and lid.

Kindly review and compare with our Chinese sample.

3. Rectangular basket

They are not improved about the size of width though we asked you

before.

They are too long about 1 cm. We are afraid that not to fit in our regular

box owing its oversize.

Length are good.

469

But your quality and color finish are rather good, very regrettably

those breach.

Also lose oppotunities to expand your items, because we interrupt the

schedule to visit you on next month

at this moment.

Best regards

Tabata

17. GUM quyet khieu nai

2004-01-21

Dear Mr. Tabata,

Thank you very much for your e-mail informing us that you have received

the shipment.

First of all, we would like to sorry for the inconvenience caused.

We have carefully read your comments about all the three items and

checked all the emails we received from you.

In fact, because you are our new customer, we have always tried to produce

the products to meet your requirements both the quality and standard by

sending the samplesfor your confirms before we produce all the shipment.

For all the items, we have kept loyal to your sizes in your inquiry dated 22

Oct 2003 and reference to the Chinese samples.

Moreover, when we received you e-mail informing us that you have

received the-samples dated 15 December 2003, you did not comment about

the sizes of products. Therefore we think that the sizes are good and you just

requireed us to focus on colour and quality.

1. Regarding the handy baskets:

General, we think "natural colour" is white.

470

In this case, we will send all the cord to make handles (brown colour) to

you. Please let us know your ideas about this matter.

2. About the square and rectangular baskets.

In fact, we have really been careful about this matter and loyal to your

inquiry dated 22 Oct 2003.

Could you please kindly re-measure the products.

Again, please accept our appologies for all the misunderstandings.

Next time, we will discuss more carefully in all the details to supply the

better products for you.

If you have any further inquiry, please kindly let us know.

We are looking forward to hearing from you.

Best regards,

Hoang ,

Director

18. SILENCE — GONE or WILL BE BACK

2004-02-02

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

After then, we are waiting for your right handy basket sample with code of

right color.

2 or 3 pieces will be better.

Also we are worried about cock influenza of your area.

How's about? We wish you and your surrounding are all safe from those

sick.

Best regards

Tabata

471

19. Graft phi') khic phuc

2004-02-03

Dear Mr.Hoang ,

Thanks for your email. We are relieved to hear you are all safe.

Re. handy basket, enclosing pictures that you could send us when the first

time.

Kindly dispatch those basket for 4 pieces considering effective way of

package.

If you can dispatch another color code sample together with them, it will be

appreciated.

Best regards

Tabata

20. Bbi holm

2004-02-26

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

We surely received your samples several days ago.

Those baskets with brown color handle look very nice.

We are very regrettable why our handle of stocks are so white.

But it's too late, pls. consider that several deduction of these wrong colored

hanlde

of our stocks from next order. When that time, we'll consult with you.

Best regards

Tabata

21. Tap tuc Tkit hang

472

Dear Mr.Hoang ,

How are you? It's long time not having contact with you.

Now we have a plan to order as below.

IP-MIY-005 Square basket (28x28x11.5cm) $0.60 4,000pcs

Re. IP-MIY-001 (Handy basket), we are now hesitated. .

Because the different color of handle of last 1,000pcs, we have still stocks

most of them.

But next catalogue we will publish this June, we will take a picture of them

with right color handle.

We'd like to ask you to discount of last mistaken.

Concretely speaking, pls. deduct US$415 from this order. It is a half

amount of last handy basket.

$0.83x1,000pcs=$830 $830/24415

If you could agree them, we will add to order those basket for 800pcs.

Also pls. introduce your new attractive basket thru email suit for Japanese

market.

Do you have any other basket using except bamboo, for. ex. willow, rattan,

seagrass or another

materials. Though I tried your home page, very difficut to find interesting

new items because so

many items.

Waiting for your reply with best regards,

K.TABATA

22. Ting hi0 don hang an 2

473

2004-04-13

Dear Mr. Hoang ,

Thanks for your understanding.

Now, we'd like to place an order as below.

But pls. be care about the size(height) of square basket.

Our description of size is (28x28x11.5cm), but actual size is 28x28x10cm.

Pls. be lenghthen the height about 1 cm both mother body and lid.

Also your size description of handy basket is (12x22x15cm), but actual size

is

12x22x16cm. Re. this, pls. be just correct the description to 12x22x16cm.

Pls. obey those size strictly.

1. IP-MIY-005 Square basket (28x28x11.5cm) USD0.60(FOB)

3,700pcs $2,220

2. IP-MIY-001 Handy basket (12x22x16cm) USD0.83(FOB)

800pcs $664

Deduction for last inconvenience $415

TOTAL $2,469

We will T/T to your bank in these sooner days.

Is your bank same as last time, 'BANK FOR FOREIGN TRADE OF

VIETNAM'?

Let me know your approximate shipping date.

Best regards,

Tabata

474

Phu luc 3: LOt man cua UNCITRAL ve thtrang mai di0 tir (Model Law on Electronic Commerce)

Plan I Khai quit ye thircrng mai dign tir

Chuang I Cac quy dinh chung

Dieu 1: Pharr vi dieu chinh.

Dao luat nay có hieu luc AI) dung dti vii moi logi thong tin th'e hieu duOi hinh thirc thOng tin so hoa ducfc sir dung trong khuon kh6 cac hoat dOng thucmg mai.

Dieu 2: Giii thich tir ngfr.

Trong dao lu'at nay cac tir ngit duai day ducfc hi6u nhu sau:

a. 'Thong tin so hoa" /d thong tin &tor tgo ra, chuyen di, tilp nhdn, luu gig bang phuung tien clien tit, quang dien hodc cac phuang tien twang ty., ddc biet la clued hinh thirc trao cloi so lieu (lugs tin hoc hod (Exchange des Donnees inomatisees - EDI), tint clien tic, dien tin, telex va telefax;

b. 'Trao d6i s6 lieu duccc tin hoc hod" (EDI) la viec truyen mat thong tin bang phwang tien clien tic tic may (lien twin nay sang may dien town khdc cos sir dung mat chu 'On chung cle cciu &tic va xu lf) thong tin.

c. "Nguori girl" la ngu61 ma vi nguai do hodc nhan danh ngitai do ma thong tin so hod &toy chuyen di hodc duvc tgo ra truac khi &tor luu chit khOng phdi nguiri trung gian xec I)", thong tin do.

d. "Ngubi nhan" la nguol ma nguiri gui du kiln se la nguffi tiep nhan thong tin so hod &tor gz-i tai, chu khong phdi la nguai trung gian thong tin do.

e. "Nguiyi trung gian" la ngu61 nhcin danh mat ngefol khdc chuyen, nhdn luu gift mat th6ng tin so hod hodc cung cap cac dich vu khcic lien quan ten logi hinh thong tin nay.

f. 7-10 thOng thong tin" la N th6ng ducc sir dung a tao ra, chuy6n di, tier, nhan luu giir ho4c xir 1St bang m9i hinh thirc khac cac thong tin st, hoa.

475

Dieu 3: GUM thich

1. Khi giai thich luat, can phai tinh den nguan gifc quik to czia ciao luat nay va sa can thiet phai dam bao ap dung thOng nhcit ciao luat va ton trong sir ngay tinh;

2. Cac van de nam trong phara vi dieu chinh cua dao luAt nay ma chua &roc quy dinh trong dao luAt nay, thi se &roc giai quyet theo cac nguyen tic chung lam co si:( dao luAt nay.

Dieu 4: Cac tnriyng hop ngoai le theo thoa thuAn gitra cac ben.

1. Trong quan he gift cac ben tham gia tyo ra, chuyen di, ltru giu, tiep nhan hoac zit ly du61 m9i hinh thac 'Mac cac thong tin so, cac ben c6 the thoa thuan saa doi cac quy Binh tai chaang III, ciao luat nay, trio trtthng hop co quy Binh nguvc

2. Khoan 1, dieu nay khong ap dung clOi vori quyen saa clOi theo thoa thuan cac ben quy Binh phap luat tyi chwang 2, ciao luat nay.

Chuang H Cfic dieu ki§n 1u4t Binh doi veri cac thong tin s6 hoi.

Dieu 5: COng nh;in gifi trl phap 15, cfia cac thong tin so.

Hieu lac, gia tri phap ly, hieu lac thi hanh czia mat thong tin khong the bi pita nhan vi ly do duy nit& la thong tin do Ayr the hien du& hinh thac thong tin so hoa.

1. Trong trtfeYng hop phap luat quy Binh mat thOng tin phai cluvc the hien du& hinh thac van ban Wet, thi mat ban tin so Arc coi la del thoa man dieu kien nay neu thong tin trong ban tin so c6 the truy cap duvc sau nay.

2. Dieu kien quy Binh tai khoan 1 duvc the hien dithi clang mat nghta vu bat buac hock phap luat chi don thucin quy Binh cac he qua phap thong tin khong duvc the hien du61 hinh thac van ban viet.

3. Ccic quy Binh tai dieu nay khong ap dung trong cac truo .ng hop sau day(...)

Dieu 7: Chit 14.

1. Trong truNg hop phap luat quy Binh mat ban tin phai co chit 19, caa

mat ngtthi nao do, thi ban tin se: cittqc coi la &I' thoa man dieu kien tren trong cac in:Ong hop sau day:

476

a. DA sir dung mOt phuang phap a xac dinh nguai ky va de chimg to nguori do phe duyet th6ng tin chira trong ban tin se do.

b. Phyang phap cleat sic dung có du do tin cay, xet tren phumg dien dai twang vi no ma ban tin chew tao ra hoac chuyen di, tinh din tat ca cac bai canh c6 lien quan, ke ca cac thoa thuan lien quan da V.

2. Di&i ken quy clinh tai khoan 1 the hien du6i clang mat nghra vu bat buac hoac phap luat chi dun thuan ivy dinh cac he qua pilaf, ly neu ban tin khong co chic ky thoa man yeu cau tren.

3. Cac quy dinh tai clieu nay khong ap dung trong cac tru.o.ng hop sau day:

Dieu 8: Ban pie.

1. Trong tru.ang hop phap luat quy dinh mat thong tin phai &coy the hien hoac hzu gift duori hinh thew ban gac, thi mat ban tin so &lac coi la thoa man clieu kien tren trong cac truong hop sau:

a.- Bao dam du dO tin cay ve tinh toan ven dm thong tin a tir thai diem thong tin dugc tao ra lAn dAu, duOi hinh thirc chinh thirc cuei el:mg la mOt ban thOng tin hay mOt hinh thirc

b. Thong tin chew trong ban tin so do c6 the gioi thieu chew cho nguai ma no can phai &lac gio7 thieu, trong truang hop phap lu eft quy dinh mat thong tin phai clugc giai thieu cho moi

2. Di'du kien quy dinh tai khoan 1 the hien dual clang mat nghia vu bat buac ho(ic phew luat chi clan thucin quy dinh cac he qua phap ly n‘u thong tin khong &lay gioi thieu hoac lu-u tra dual clang van ban gac.

3. Theo quy dinh tai diem a, khoan 1:

a. Su toan ven clic' thong tin chivy danh gia tuS, thuac vao viec thong tin c6 day du khong va da bi thay dai chug, frit cac truemg hop ba sung, stia dal thuc hien trong tien trinh thong thuong czia viec thong tin lien lac, lu-u gift va giai thieu thong tin.

b. Altiv da tin cay clia thong tin chew danh gia tuP thuac vao doi twang vi no ma thong tin &tor tao ra va tinh den tat ca cow tinh huang lien quan.

4. Ccic quy dinh tai dieu nay khong ap dung trong cac truo.ng hop sau day:

477

A Dieu 9: Tinh xac thirc va kha piing dime chap ni4n dm thong tin SO.

1. Khong dugc vien clan mOt quy clinh ve cung cap chimg cu trong mOt thu tyc phap ly de bac bó kha nang chap nhan mOt ban tin s a quoit cung cap lam bang cluing:

a. Vai ly do d6 la mOt ban tin s6, nen khong the sit dung lam bang chimg dugc; hoac..

b. Voi lY do la ban tin d6 kh8ng the hien clued dang ban g6c, trong throng hop do la chimg cir c6 gia tri nhAt ma nguoi phai cung cap chimg cir co the co dugc.

Thong tin dugc the hien duai clang mOt ban tin s6 dugc ding nhan tinh xac thuc. Tinh xac thuc dugc danh gia tuy thuOc vao dO tin cay cua cach thitc tao ra, luu gift va truyen tai ban tin, TO tin cay cua cach thirc bao toan tinh toan toan yen cua thOng tin, cach thitc xac dinh can cuac cua nguoi girl tin va tuy thuOc moi danh gia xac clang khac.

Dieu 10: Liru gift cac thong tin so.

Trong truong hop phap luat guy dinh ho sa, tai lieu, ban tin hoac thong tin phai &toy luu girt, thi dMu kien nay coi nhu thoa man niu cac ha so., tai lieu hay ban tin do dugc luu girt dual clang thong tin sa, nhung phai tuan thu cac dMu ken sau:

a. Th8ng tin chita trong ban tin s6 co kha nang truy cap, tra curt dugc sau nay;

b. Ban tin s6 can phai dugc luu gift duoi hinh thitc ma no da dugc tao ra, gin di hoac tiep nhan hoac clued mOt hinh thirc khac chung to ban tin do the hien chinh xac cac thong tin da dugc tao ra, dugc gfri di hoac dugc tiep nhan;

c. Moi thong tin cho phep xac dinh xuAt xu va not den dm ban tin s6 ding nhu moi dAu hieu ve ngay, gio giri hoac nhan ban tin cling phai dugc luu gift, neu CO.

Nghia vu Lau gift h6 sg, tai lieu, thong tin theo quy dinh tai khoin 1 khong ap dung cho cac thong tin chi lien quan ton viec giri hoac !than ban tin s6.

478

Dieu kien quy dinh tai khoan 1 co the dugc thod man bang each sir dung dich vu cua nguai khac, nhung phai tuan thu cac dieu kien quy dinh tai cac diem a,b va c, khoan 1.

Chiron III

Thong tin lien l#c bang thong tin se boa

Dieu 11. Hinh thfrc hqp clang va gia tri phap ly cila hqp deng.

Trong giai doan hinh thanh hgp dong, cac ben có the sir dung hinh thirc thong tin s6 a giri va nhan de nghi giao ket hop d'Ong, trir tru6ng hop có thoa thuan kha.c. Khi sir dung hinh thirc thong tin se, trong giai doan hinh thanh hop &Ong, thi khong the bac be) gia tri phap ly hay hi'eu lire thi hanh ciia ban tin s6 do chi vOi IY do duy nhAt do IA mot ban tin s6.

Cac quy dinh tai dieu nay khong dp dung trong cac tnr&ng hop sau day(...)

Dieu 12: Cfic ben ks, ket hqp deng cling nh4n gia tri phap ly aft cac thong tin se.

1. Trong quan he glib nguai giri va nguiTi nhan mot ban tin s6, hieu luc, gia tri phap ly cua viec bay to Y chi dm mot nguai kh8ng the bac bo voi 1s, do duy nhAt IA viec bay to y chi do dugc the hien duel hinh thirc mot ban tin s6.

2. Cac quy dinh tai dieu nay khong ap dung trong cac truang hop sau day: ..

Dieu 13. Xuet xu ciia thong tin se hofi.

1. WA ban tin s6 co xuAt xir tir nguai giri, neu da dugc chinh nguai giri chuyen di.

2. Trong quan he gitra nguai giri va ngtr6i nhan, mOt ban tin s6 dugc coi IA co xuAt xir to nguai giri, neu da dugc chuyen di bai:

a. MX ngutd doge uy quy'en giri ban tin do nhan danh ngu6i giri:

b. MOt he th6ng thong tin dugc lap trinh de van hanh to &Ong boi chinh nguai giri hoac nhan danh ngu6i giri.

3. Trong m6i quan he gitra nguai giri va nguai nhan, nguai nh'A'n co

479

quyen coi met ban tin se CO xuit xir tir nguai giri va hanh deng teen co so ban tin do neu:

a. NguOi nhin da ap dung dung thii tuc ma tnrac do da dugc nguai giri chip nhin, nham xac dinh chic chin la ban tin se do co xuit xir tir nguai giri; hoic

b. Ban tin se nhan dugc th8ng qua hanh vi cua mOt nguai, bang nhung mei quan he vii nguei gui hoic nhan vien cua nguai girl, da tier) can dugc Writ phucmg phap ma nguai giri sir dung de xac dinh ban tin so dung la c6 xuit xir tir minh.

4. Cac quy dinh tai khoan 3 khong ap dung cho cac truing hgp sou:

a. Nguari nhan da dugc giri thong bao rang ban tin se khong phai xuit xir tir nguai dO va rang nguOi nhin dugc huOng met thori han hop ly de hanh dOng; hoic

b. Trong truing hop quy dinh tai diem b, khoan 3, nguoi nhan biet ring hoic can phai biet rang ban tin so do kh6ng phai xuit xir tir nguai giri neu ap dung cac bien phap phu hgp hoc sir dung met thii tuc phu hgp.

5. Trong tnrang hgp met ban tin se c6 xuit xir tir nguai giri hoc dugc suy doan la c6 xuit xu tir nguai giri, hoc trong truing hgp nguai nhin dugc quyen hanh dOng can cir vao su suy down nay, thi nguai nhan, trong mei quan he voi nguai minh va do do co the coi ban tin se nhin dugc la ban tin ma nguOi giri coy dinh giri cho minh va do do co the hanh dOng dua ten cac thong tin chira trong ban tin do.

Ngutri nhin kh6ng dugc quyen hanh dOng nhu vay, neu nhu nguOri d6 biet rang hoc can phai biet rang qua trinh truyen tai da lam sai Lech nOi dung ban tin se ma nguai do nhin dugc, neu ap dung cac bien phap xac minh phu hgp hoic da sir dung met dill tuc phu hgp.

6. Nguoi nhin co quyen coi mOi ban tin se nhin dugc la rieng re voi ban tin khac va hanh &Ong ten co so thong tin chita trong ban tin se do. Trir truing hop ban tin do la su nhic lai cua mOt ban tin khac va trir truing hgp nguai nhan biet dugc rang hoc can phai biet dugc rang hai ban tin do chi la met, neu da ap dung cac bien phap xac minh phu hop hoc da sir dung met thu tuc phi' hop.

480

Dieu 14: Thong bao xac nh4n dl nh4n dirge thong tin.

1. Cac quy dinh tai khoan 2,3 va 4 dieu nay dugc ap dung trong trutmg hop nguai giri, tnrov khi hoac khi giri ban tin s6 ho4c trong chinh ban tin se do, da de nghi nguai nhan thong bao xac nhan TO' nifOn dugc thong tin hoac

da thoa thu4n vai ngu6i then la phai cif) thong bao xac nhan khi nhki dugc

thong tin.

2. Neu ngutyi giri chua thoa thuO'n vOi nguai nh'On ve viec giri thong bao xac nhki duoi met hinh thirc ho4'c theo met phucmg thirc d4c biet, thi viec thong bao xac nhan se dugc thvc hien:

a. Bang moi phuang tien thong tin lien lac, to gang hod hay met each khac, do nguai nhki thirc hien: ho'O'c

b. Bang moi hanh vi cua ngutyi nhki du de chung to vai nguai giri rang da nh4n dugc thong tin se do.

3. NL nguai giri da tuyen be rang hieu Luc ap dung dm ban tin s6 phu

thuOc vao ngu6i gui da nhki dugc thOng bao xac nhAn hay chua, thi ban tin s6 do dugc coi nhu chua dugc chuyen di chimg nao nguai giri chua nhan

dugc th8ng bao xac nhan.

4. NL nguai giri da khong tuyen be rang hieu hie ap dung dm ban tin s6 phu thuec vao viec nguai gui da then dugc thong bao xac nh4n hay chua va neu nguai giri chua nhki dugc th8ng bao xac nh'O'n trong thoi hp luk dinh ho4c th6i hon thoa thuki ho4c trong met thoi hp hop ly, neu khong c6 quy dinh phap luk hoac kh6ng co thoa thu4n ve thai hp thong bao xac nhan thi ngu6i gui có the:

a. Thong bao cho nguM nh4n biet rang minh chua nhan dugc thong bao xac nh'O'n va an dinh met thoi hon hop ly de nguai nh4n giri thong bao xac

111*;

b. Coi nhu ban tin se do da kh8ng dugc chuyen di ho4c thirc hien moi quyen khac ma minh co, neu nhu da khong nhki dugc th8ng bao xac nhki trong thoi hon quy dinh tai diem a va sou khi da thong bao cho ngu6i nhan

biet.

5. Khi nguai gui nhki dugc thong bao xac nhan cua ngutri nhki, thi

ban tin s6 da dugc chuyen di dugc suy doan la nguai nhan da nh4n dugc.

481

Viec suy doan nay kh6ng bao ham viec coi not dung ban tin so chuyen di thing khOp vai not dung ban tin so nhan dugc.

6. Khi th8ng bao xac nhen chi r8 ring ban tin so nhSri dugc tuan thu cac dieu kien ky thulat dugc dat ra theo thoa thuan hoc theo lust dinh, phii hop vari cac chuin muc hien hanh, thi co the suy doan ring cac dieu kien do da dugc thoa min bad nguad

7. Cdc quy dinh tai dieu nay khong c6 hieu Luc dp dung cho cac he qua phap ly xudt phat tir chinh ban tin do hoc tir chinh thong bao xac nhSn, trir tnrarng hop cac quy dinh do c6 lien quan den viec girl hoc nhan ban tin so do.

Dieu 15: Thai diem, dia diem gin va nhan thong tin so hoa.

1. Viec giri mot thong tin so hoa dugc coi la hoan thanh khi thong tin do di di vao he thOng thong tin khong phu thuec vao nguad gui, trir throng hop di thoa thuan khac giva nguad gui va ngtrad nhSn.

2. Thad diem nhan dugc met ban tin so hod dugc xac dinh nhu sau, trir truang hop c6 thoa thuSn khac giira ngtrad giri va ngtrad nhSn:

a. Neu nguad nhd‘n di chi dinh mot he thong thong tin de nhan cac ban tin so hod thi:

- Thari diem nhSn th8ng tin la thari diem ban tin so hoa di vao he thOng thong tin di dugc chi dinh d6;

- Thad diem nhan dugc thong tin la thed diem ngtrad nhan truy cap thong tin d6, trong truang hop ban tin so hod dugc gui vao mot he thOng thong tin khac voi he thOng thong tin va nguari nhan di chi dinh de nhSn tin.

b. Neu nguad nhSn di khong chi dinh mot he thong th8ng tin nao de nliSn tin, thi thad diem nhSri dugc thong tin la thoi diem ban tin so di vao met he thOng thong tin dm nguei nhSn.

3. Cac quy dinh tai khoan 2 dugc ap dung ngay ca trong tnramg hop nai dSt he thOng thong tin khong phai la nai ma ban tin so hoa dugc suy doan la nguad nhSn di nhan dugc theo quy dinh tai khoan 4 sau day.

4. Ban tin so hoa dugc suy doan la di dugc giri di tir nguad gui dSt ca

482

sa va dugc nhan tai noi nguOi nhan dat co sa , trir tn.rong hop c6 thoa thuan

khaz gala nguOi gui va ngueyi nhan.

Theo quy dinh tai khoan nay:

a. Neu ngtrOi gui va ngtroi nhan c6 nhieu han mot ca sa thi co sCr de

nhan tin ttoac giri tin IA co so cc') lien quan chat the nhAt vOi host dOng din

ra tai do, hoac neu khong c6 host dOng digit ra tai dO, thi la co so chinh;

b. NAu ngtrad gui holac ngtrad nhan khong c6 co sa nao, thi noi nhan tin

hoSc gui tin la noi thueing tit dm nguoi do.

5. Cac quy dinh tai dieu nay khong dp dung trong cac tnrOng hap sau day:

PhAn II

Thtrong mai dien tir trong mot se Dinh vtfc host Ong

Chutting I

Van tai hang hoa

Dieu 16: Cac hanh vi lien quan den liff• deng van tai hang hoa.

Vai dieu kien tuan thu cdc quy dinh tai phAn I dm dao lust nay, cac quy dinh tai chucmg nay &pc dp dung cho m9i hanh vi lien quan den mot hop dOng van tai hoSc moi hanh vi &lac dive hien a thirc hien mot hop &mg van tai hang hod, cl;ac biet la --.Ac hanh vi sau day:

ii. Thong bap 'than hieu, so lugng, khOi lugng hay trong lugng hang hod;

ii. Thong bdo chAng loci, gia tri dm hang hod;

iii. Phat hanh mot hod don hang hod;

iv. Mc nhan da bOc xep hang hod.

i. Thong bdo cdc dieu kien cua hop

ii. Chuyen cdc huang dan, Nghi dinh cho nguai van tai.

i. Yeu cAu giao hang; ,

ii. Cho phdp giao nhan hang;

iii. Thong bdo viec mat hoac hong h6c hang hod.

483

d. Moi hanh vi thong bdo hoac khai bdo khdc thuc hien trong khuOn

khe thuc hien hop deng.

e. Cam ket giao hang hod cho nguoi dugc chi dinh hoac dugc uSi quy6n

tip nhan hang hod;

f Trao, thp dac, giao nhan, chuyen giao, thuang lugng hoac tir be cac quyen d6i voi hang hod;

g. Thu dac hoac chuyen giao cac guy& va nghia vi tren co sa hop d6ng

van tai hang hod.

Dieu 17: HO sa van tai hang hoa.

1. Vai dieu kien tuan thd cac quy dinh tai khoan 3 dieu nay, trong tnkmg hop phap lust quy dinh mOt hanh vi quy dinh tai dieu 16 phai dugc

thuc hien bang van ban hoac bang mOt tai lieu giay khdc, thi dieu kien nay dugc coi nhu da dugc thoa man neu nhu hanh vi do da dugc thuc hien bang

each sir dung mOt hay nhieu ban tin so hod.

2. Dieu kien quy dinh tai khoan 1, dieu nay dugc the hien duori clang mOt nghia vu bat buOc hoac phap luSt chi quy dinh don thuAn cac he qua phap 1y net' hanh vi da kh6ng dugc thuc hien bang van ban viet hoac mOt tai

lieu giSy khac.

3. Trong twang hop mOt quyen phai thuc ve dich than mOt nguai nao do chit khong phai mOt nguai khac hoac mOt nghia vu phai thuc hien bOri dich than ngutri do chit khong phai ngueri khac va neu phap luSt quy dinh rang quyen hoac nghia vu do phai &roc chuyen cho duong su thong qua

hanh vi chuyen giao hoac su dung mOt tai lieu bang giSy, thi dieu kien nay coi nhu da dugc thoa man neu quyen hoac nghia vu da &roc chuyen thong qua mOt hoac nhieu ban tin so hod, voi dieu kien da sir dung mOt bien phap co du dr) tin c'ay de lam ban tin hay cac ban tin do la cac ban tin duy nhAt.

4. Mire dO tin ca'y then quy dinh tai khoan 3, dieu nay dugc danh gid

tuS, thuOc vao dOi Wong vi no ma quyen hoac nghia vu do dugc chuyen giao

va co tinh den tat ca moi tnrong hop lien quan, nhAt la trutmg hop co thoa

thuSn gala cac ben -ye viec de.

5. Trong tnkrng hop sir dung mOt hoac nhieu ban tin s6 de thuc hien

484

mOt trong cdc hanh vi n'eu tai cac Ichoan f va g, dieu 16, thi mgi tai lieu bang giay khdc, neu dugc sir dung a thuc hien hanh vi do, deu IchOng co gia tri trir tru8mg hop viec sir dung ban tin s6 hod bi huS, bo va thay the bang viec sir dung cac tai lieu bang giAy. Moi tai lieu bang giay dugc ban hanh trong nhang dieu kien nay deu phai chira d6ng thOng bdo ve sir thay d6i dO. Tai lieu giay do khong có hieu lirc d6i vai cac quyen va nghia vu cua cac b8n.

6. Trong tnrong hop met quy pham phap luat bat buOc phai dugc ap dung cho mOt hop diing van tai hang Ma, ma hgp d6ng do dugc the hien trong mOt tai lieu bang giay hoac dugc xac nhan b6i mOt hoac nhieu ban tin s6 hod chi vai 17 do duy nhat la hgp d6ng do dugc xdc nhan bang mOt ban tin s6 hod chi'. kh8ng phai bang met tai lieu giay.

7. Caz quy dinh tai dieu nay khong ap dung trong cac tnrong hop sau day ...

485

Phuc luc 3: UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Signatures

Article 1. Sphere of application

This Law applies where electronic signatures are used in the context*

of commercial** activities. It does not override any rule of law intended for the protection of consumers.

Article 2. Definitions

For the purposes of this Law:

(a) "Electronic signature" means data in electronic form in, affixed to or

logically associated with, a data message, which may be used to iden- tify

the signatory in relation to the data message and to indicate the sig- natory's

approval of the information contained in the data message;

(b) "Certificate" means a data message or other record confirming the link between a signatory and signature creation data;

(c) "Data message" means information generated, sent, received or

stored by electronic, optical or similar means including, but not limited to,

electronic data interchange (EDI), electronic mail, telegram, telex or tele-

copy; and acts either on its own behalf or on behalf of the person it rep-resents;

(d) "Signatory" means a person that holds signature creation data and

acts either on its own behalf or on behalf of the person it represents;

*The Commission suggests the following text for States that might

wish to extend the applica- bility of this Law:

"This Law applies where electronic signatures are used, except in the following situations: [...]."

**The term "commercial" should be given a wide interpretation so as to

cover matters arising from all relationships of a commercial nature, whether

contractual or not. Relationships of a commer- cial nature include, but are

not limited to, the following transactions: any trade transaction for the sup-

ply or exchange of goods or services; distribution agreement; commercial

representation or agency; factoring; leasing; construction of works;

486

consulting; engineering; licensing; investment; financing; banking;

insurance; exploitation agreement or concession; joint venture and other

forms of industrial or business cooperation; carriage of goods or passengers

by air, sea, rail or road.

(e) "Certification service provider" means a person that issues cer-

tificates and may provide other services related to electronic signatures;

(f) "Relying party" means a person that may act on the basis of a

certificate or an electronic signature.

Article 3. Equal treatment of signature technologies

Nothing in this Law, except article 5, shall be applied so as to exclude,

restrict or deprive of legal effect any method of creating an electronic sig-

nature that satisfies the requirements referred to in article 6, paragraph 1, or

otherwise meets the requirements of applicable law.

Article 4. Interpretation

1. In the interpretation of this Law, regard is to be had to its inter-

national origin and to the need to promote uniformity in its application and

the observance of good faith.

2. Questions concerning matters governed by this Law which are not

expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the general prin-

ciples on which this Law is based.

Article 5. Variation by agreement

The provisions of this Law may be derogated from or their effect may

be varied by agreement, unless that agreement would not be valid or effec-

tive under applicable law.

Article 6. Compliance with a requirement for a signature

1. Where the law requires a signature of a person, that requirement is

met in relation to a data message if an electronic signature is used that is as reliable as was appropriate for the purpose for which the data message

was generated or communicated, in the light of all the circum- stances,

including any relevant agreement.

2. Paragraph 1 applies whether the requirement referred to therein is in

487

the form of an obligation or whether the law simply provides conse- quences

for the absence of a signature.

3. An electronic signature is considered to be reliable for the pur- pose of satisfying the requirement referred to in paragraph 1 if:

(a) The signature creation data are, within the context in which they are used, linked to the signatory and to no other person;

(b) The signature creation data were, at the time of signing, under the control of the signatory and of no other person;

(c) Any alteration to the electronic signature, made after the time of signing, is detectable; and

(d) Where a purpose of the legal requirement for a signature is to provide assurance as to the integrity of the information to which it relates, any alteration made to that information after the time of signing is detectable.

4. Paragraph 3 does not limit the ability of any person:

(a) To establish in any other way, for the purpose of satisfying the requirement referred to in paragraph 1, the reliability of an electronic sig-nature; or

(b) To adduce evidence of the non-reliability of an electronic signature.

5. The provisions of this article do not apply to the following: [...].

Article 7. Satisfaction of article 6

1. [Any person, organ or authority, whether public or private, speci-fied by the enacting State as competent] may determine which electronic signatures satisfy the provisions of article 6 of this Law.

2. Any determination made under paragraph 1 shall be consistent with recognized international standards.

3. Nothing in this article affects the operation of the rules of private international law.

Article 8. Conduct of the signatory

1. Where signature creation data can be used to create a signature that has legal effect, each signatory shall:

488

(a) Exercise reasonable care to avoid unauthorized use of its signature

creation data;

(b) Without undue delay, utilize means made available by the certifi-cation service provider pursuant to article 9 of this Law, or otherwise use reasonable efforts, to notify any person that may reasonably be expected by the signatory to rely on or to provide services in support of the elec- tronic signature if:

(i)The signatory knows that the signature creation data have been

compromised; or

(ii) The circumstances known to the signatory give rise to a substantial risk that the signature creation data may have been compromised;

(c) Where a certificate is used to support the electronic signature, exercise reasonable care to ensure the accuracy and completeness of all material representations made by the signatory that are relevant to the certificate throughout its life cycle or that are to be included in the

certificate.

2. A signatory shall bear the legal consequences of its failure to satisfy the requirements of paragraph 1.

Article 9. Conduct of the certification service provider

1. Where a certification service provider provides services to support an electronic signature that may be used for legal effect as a signature, that certification service provider shall:

(a) Act in accordance with representations made by it with respect to its

policies and practices;

(b) Exercise reasonable care to ensure the accuracy and completeness of all material representations made by it that are relevant to the certificate throughout its life cycle or that are included in the certificate;

(c) Provide reasonably accessible means that enable a relying party to

ascertain from the certificate:

(i) The identity of the certification service provider;

(ii) That the signatory that is identified in the certificate had control of the signature creation data at the time when the certificate was issued;

489

(iii) That signature creation data were valid at or before the time when the certificate was issued;

(d) Provide reasonably accessible means that enable a relying party to ascertain, where relevant, from the certificate or otherwise:

(i) The method used to identify the signatory;

(ii) Any limitation on the purpose or value for which the sig- nature creation data or the certificate may be used;

(iii) That the signature creation data are valid and have not been compromised;

(iv) Any limitation on the scope or extent of liability stipulated by the certification service provider;

(v) Whether means exist for the signatory to give notice pur- suant to article 8, paragraph 1 (b), of this Law;

(vi) Whether a timely revocation service is offered;

(e) Where services under subparagraph (d) (v) are offered, provide a means for a signatory to give notice pursuant to article 8, paragraph 1 (b), of this Law and, where services under subparagraph (d) (vi) are offered, ensure the availability of a timely revocation service;

(f) Utilize trustworthy systems, procedures and human resources in performing its services.

2. A certification service provider shall bear the legal consequences of its failure to satisfy the requirements of paragraph 1.

Article 10. Trustworthiness

For the purposes of article 9, paragraph 1 (f), of this Law in deter-

mining whether, or to what extent, any systems, procedures and human

resources utilized by a certification service provider are trustworthy, regard

may be had to the following factors:

(a) Financial and human resources, including existence of assets;

(b) Quality of hardware and software systems;

(c) Procedures for processing of certificates and applications for cer-tificates and retention of records;

490

(d) Availability of information to signatories identified in certificates

and to potential relying parties;

(e) Regularity and extent of audit by an independent body;

(f) The existence of a declaration by the State, an accreditation body or

the certification service provider regarding compliance with or existence of

the foregoing; or

(g) Any other relevant factor.

Article 11. Conduct of the relying party

A relying party shall bear the legal consequences of its failure:

(a) To take reasonable steps to verify the reliability of an electronic signature; or

(b) Where an electronic signature is supported by a certificate, to take reasonable steps:

(i) To verify the validity, suspension or revocation of the cer- tificate;

and

(ii) To observe any limitation with respect to the certificate.

Article 12. Recognition of foreign certificates and electronic signatures

1. In determining whether, or to what extent, a certificate or an elec-tronic signature is legally effective, no regard shall be had:

(a) To the geographic location where the certificate is issued or the

electronic signature created or used; or

(b) To the geographic location of the place of business of the issuer or

signatory.

2. A certificate issued outside [the enacting State] shall have the same legal effect in [the enacting State] as a certificate issued in [the enact- ing State] if it offers a substantially equivalent level of reliability.

3. An electronic signature created or used outside [the enacting State] shall have the same legal effect in [the enacting State] as an elec-tronic signature created or used in [the enacting State] if it offers a sub-stantially equivalent level of reliability.

491

4. In determining whether a certificate or an electronic signature

offers a substantially equivalent level of reliability for the purposes of para-graph 2 or 3, regard shall be had to recognized international standards and to

any other relevant factors.

5. Where, notwithstanding paragraphs 2, 3 and 4, parties agree, as

between themselves, to the use of certain types of electronic signatures or

certificates, that agreement shall be recognized as sufficient for the pur-

poses of cross-border recognition, unless that agreement would not be valid

or effective under applicable law

492

Phu luc 4: United Nations Convention on the Use of lectronic Communications in International Contracts

CHAPTER I. SPHERE OF APPLICATION

Article 1. Scope of application

1.This Convention applies to the use of electronic communications in connection with the formation or performance of a contract between

parties whose places of business are in different States.

2. The fact that the parties have their places of business in different States is to be disregarded whenever this fact does not appear either from the contract or from any dealings between the parties or from information disclosed by the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of

the contract.

3. Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or commercial

character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in

determining the application of this Convention.

Article 2. Exclusions

1. This Convention does not apply to electronic communications

relating to any of the following:

(a) Contracts concluded for personal, family or household purposes;

(b) (i) Transactions on a regulated exchange; (ii) foreign exchange

transactions; (iii) inter-bank payment systems, inter-bank payment agree-ments or clearance and settlement systems relating to securities or other financial assets or instruments; (iv) the transfer of security rights in sale, loan or holding of or agreement to repurchase securities or other financial

assets or instruments held with an intermediary.

2. This Convention does not apply to bills of exchange, promissory notes, consignment notes, bills of lading, warehouse receipts or any trans-ferable document or instrument that entitles the bearer or beneficiary to claim the delivery of goods or the payment of a sum of money.

493

Article 3. Party autonomy

The parties may exclude the application of this Convention or derogate

from or vary the effect of any of its provisions.

CHAPTER II. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 4. Definitions

For the purposes of this Convention:

(a) "Communication" means any statement, declaration, demand,

notice or request, including an offer and the acceptance of an offer, that the

parties are required to make or choose to make in connection with the

formation or performance of a contract;

(b) "Electronic communication" means any communication that the

parties make by means of data messages;

(c) "Data message" means information generated, sent, received or

stored by electronic, magnetic, optical or similar means, including, but not

limited to, electronic data interchange, electronic mail, telegram, telex or

telecopy;

(d) "Originator" of an electronic communication means a party by

whom, or on whose behalf, the electronic communication has been sent or

generated prior to storage, if any, but it does not include a party acting as an

intermediary with respect to that electronic communication;

(e) "Addressee" of an electronic communication means a party who is

intended by the originator to receive the electronic communication, but does

not include a party acting as an intermediary with respect to that electronic

communication;

(f) "Information system" means a system for generating, sending,

receiving, storing or otherwise processing data messages;

(g) "Automated message system" means a computer program or an

electronic or other automated means used to initiate an action or respond to

data messages or performances in whole or in part, without review or inter-

vention by a natural person each time an action is initiated or a response is

generated by the system;

494

(h) "Place of business" means any place where a party maintains a non-

transitory establishment to pursue an economic activity other than the

temporary provision of goods or services out of a specific location.

Article 5. Interpretation

1. In the interpretation of this Convention, regard is to be had to its

international character and to the need to promote uniformity in its applica-tion and the observance of good faith in international trade.

2. Questions concerning matters governed by this Convention which

are not expressly settled in it are to be settled in conformity with the

general principles on which it is based or, in the absence of such principles,

in conformity with the law applicable by virtue of the rules of private international law.

Article 6. Location of the parties

1.For the purposes of this Convention, a party's place of business is

presumed to be the location indicated by that party, unless another party

demonstrates that the party making the indication does not have a place of

business at that location.

2. If a party has not indicated a place of business and has more than one place of business, then the place of business for the purposes of this

Convention is that which has the closest relationship to the relevant con-

tract, having regard to the circumstances known to or contemplated by the parties at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract.

3. If a natural person does not have a place of business, reference is to

be made to the person's habitual residence.

4. A location is not a place of business merely because that is:

(a) where equipment and technology supporting an information system used

by a party in connection with the formation of a contract are located; or (b)

where the information system may be accessed by other parties.

5. The sole fact that a party makes use of a domain name or elec- tronic

mail address connected to a specific country does not create a presumption that its place of business is located in that country.

495

Article 7. Information requirements

Nothing in this Convention affects the application of any rule of law

that may require the parties to disclose their identities, places of business or

other information, or relieves a party from the legal consequences of making

inaccurate, incomplete or false statements in that regard.

CHAPTER III. USE OF ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS IN INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS

Article 8. Legal recognition of electronic communications

1.A communication or a contract shall not be denied validity or

enforce- ability on the sole ground that it is in the form of an electronic

communication.

2. Nothing in this Convention requires a party to use or accept elec-

tronic communications, but a party's agreement to do so may be inferred

from the party's conduct.

Article 9. Form requirements

1.Nothing in this Convention requires a communication or a contract to

be made or evidenced in any particular form.

2. Where the law requires that a communication or a contract should be

in writing, or provides consequences for the absence of a writing, that

requirement is met by an electronic communication if the information con-

tained therein is accessible so as to be usable for subsequent reference.

3. Where the law requires that a communication or a contract should be

signed by a party, or provides consequences for the absence of a signa- ture,

that requirement is met in relation to an electronic communication if:

(a) A method is used to identify the party and to indicate that party's

intention in respect of the information contained in the electronic commu-

nication; and

(b) The method used is either:

(i)As reliable as appropriate for the purpose for which the

electronic communication was generated or communicated, in the light of

all the circumstances, including any relevant agreement; or

496

(ii) Proven in fact to have fulfilled the functions described in

subparagraph (a) above, by itself or together with further evidence.

4. Where the law requires that a communication or a contract should be

made available or retained in its original form, or provides consequences for

the absence of an original, that requirement is met in relation to an elec-

tronic communication if

(a) There exists a reliable assurance as to the integrity of the informa-

tion it contains from the time when it was first generated in its final form, as

an electronic communication or otherwise; and

(b) Where it is required that the information it contains be made avail-

able, that information is capable of being displayed to the person to whom it

is to be made available.

5. For the purposes of paragraph 4 (a):

(a) The criteria for assessing integrity shall be whether the informa-

tion has remained complete and unaltered, apart from the addition of any

endorsement and any change that arises in the normal course of communi-

cation, storage and display; and

(b) The standard of reliability required shall be assessed in the light of

the purpose for which the information was generated and in the light of all

the relevant circumstances.

Article 10. Time and place of dispatch and receipt of electronic communications

1.The time of dispatch of an electronic communication is the time

when it leaves an information system under the control of the originator or

of the party who sent it on behalf of the originator or, if the electronic com-

munication has not left an information system under the control of the

originator or of the party who sent it on behalf of the originator, the time

when the electronic communication is received.

2. The time of receipt of an electronic communication is the time when

it becomes capable of being retrieved by the addressee at an electronic

address designated by the addressee. The time of receipt of an electronic

497

communication at another electronic address of the addressee is the time

when it becomes capable of being retrieved by the addressee at that address

and the addressee becomes aware that the electronic communication has

been sent to that address. An electronic communication is presumed to be

capable of being retrieved by the addressee when it reaches the addressee's

electronic address.

3. An electronic communication is deemed to be dispatched at the place

where the originator has its place of business and is deemed to be received

at the place where the addressee has its place of business, as deter- mined in

accordance with article 6.

4. Paragraph 2 of this article applies notwithstanding that the place where the information system supporting an electronic address is located may be different from the place where the electronic communication is

deemed to be received under paragraph 3 of this article.

Article 11. Invitations to make offers

A proposal to conclude a contract made through one or more electronic

communications which is not addressed to one or more specific parties, but

is generally accessible to parties making use of information systems, includ-ing proposals that make use of interactive applications for the placement of

orders through such information systems, is to be considered as an invita-

tion to make offers, unless it clearly indicates the intention of the party

making the proposal to be bound in case of acceptance.

Article 12. Use of automated message systems for contract

formation

A contract formed by the interaction of an automated message system and a natural person, or by the interaction of automated message systems, shall not be denied validity or enforceability on the sole ground that no

natural person reviewed or intervened in each of the individual actions

carried out by the automated message systems or the resulting contract.

Article 13. Availability of contract terms

Nothing in this Convention affects the application of any rule of law

that may require a party that negotiates some or all of the terms of a con-

498

tract through the exchange of electronic communications to make available

to the other party those electronic communications which contain the con-

tractual terms in a particular manner, or relieves a party from the legal con-

sequences of its failure to do so.

Article 14. Error in electronic communications

1. Where a natural person makes an input error in an electronic com-

munication exchanged with the automated message system of another party

and the automated message system does not provide the person with an

opportunity to correct the error, that person, or the party on whose behalf

that person was acting, has the right to withdraw the portion of the elec-

tronic communication in which the input error was made if:

(a) The person, or the party on whose behalf that person was acting,

notifies the other party of the error as soon as possible after having learned

of the error and indicates that he or she made an error in the electronic com-

munication; and

(b) The person, or the party on whose behalf that person was acting,

has not used or received any material benefit or value from the goods or

services, if any, received from the other party.

2. Nothing in this article affects the application of any rule of law that

may govern the consequences of any error other than as provided for in

paragraph 1.

CHAPTER IV. FINAL PROVISIONS

Article 15. Depositary

The Secretary-General of the United Nations is hereby designated as

the depositary for this Convention.

Article 16. Signature, ratification, acceptance or approval

1.This Convention is open for signature by all States at United

Nations Headquarters in NewYork from 16 January 2006 to 16 January

2008.

2. This Convention is subject to ratification, acQeptance or approval by

the signatory States.

499

3. This Convention is open for accession by all States that are not

signatory States as from the date it is open for signature.

4. Instruments of ratification, acceptance, approval and accession are to be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Article 17. Participation by regional economic integration organizations

1.A regional economic integration organization that is constituted by

sovereign States and has competence over certain matters governed by this

Convention may similarly sign, ratify, accept, approve or accede to this

Convention. The regional economic integration organization shall in that

case have the rights and obligations of a Contracting State, to the extent that

that organization has competence over matters governed by this Convention.

Where the number of Contracting States is relevant in this Convention,

the regional economic integration organization shall not count as a

Contracting State in addition to its member States that are Contracting States.

2. The regional economic integration organization shall, at the time of

signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession, make a decla-

ration to the depositary specifying the matters governed by this Convention

in respect of which competence has been transferred to that organization by

its member States. The regional economic integration organization shall

promptly notify the depositary of any changes to the distribution of compe-

tence, including new transfers of competence, specified in the declaration

under this paragraph.

3. Any reference to a "Contracting State" or "Contracting States" in this

Convention applies equally to a regional economic integration organi-zation where the context so requires.

4. This Convention shall not prevail over any conflicting rules of any

regional economic integration organization as applicable to parties whose

respective places of business are located in States members of any such

organization, as set out by declaration made in accordance with article 21.

500

Article 18. Effect in domestic territorial units

1. If a Contracting State has two or more territorial units in which

different systems of law are applicable in relation to the matters dealt with

in this Convention, it may, at the time of signature, ratification, acceptance,

approval or accession, declare that this Convention is to extend to all its

territorial units or only to one or more of them, and may amend its decla-

ration by submitting another declaration at any time.

2. These declarations are to be notified to the depositary and are to state

expressly the territorial units to which the Convention extends.

3. If, by virtue of a declaration under this article, this Convention

extends to one or more but not all of the territorial units of a Contracting

State, and if the place of business of a party is located in that State, this place of business, for the purposes of this Convention, is considered not to

be in a Contracting State, unless it is in a territorial unit to which the

Convention extends.

4. If a Contracting State makes no declaration under paragraph 1 of this

article, the Convention is to extend to all territorial units of that State.

Article 19. Declarations on the scope of application

1. Any Contracting State may declare, in accordance with article 21,

that it will apply this Convention only:

(a) When the States referred to in article 1, paragraph 1, are

Contracting States to this Convention; or

(b) When the parties have agreed that it applies.

2. Any Contracting State may exclude from the scope of application of

this Convention the matters it specifies in a declaration made in

accordance with article 21.

Article 20. Communications exchanged under other international

conventions

1. The provisions of this Convention apply to the use of electronic

communications in connection with the formation or performance of a

contract to which any of the following international conventions, to which a

501

Contracting State to this Convention is or may become a Contracting State,

apply: Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral

Awards (New York, 10 June 1958); Convention on the Limitation

Period in the International Sale of Goods (New York, 14 June 1974) and

Protocol thereto (Vienna, 11 April 1980);

United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (Vienna, 11 April 1980); United Nations Convention on the Liability of Operators of Transport Terminals in International Trade (Vienna, 19 April 1991); United Nations Convention on Independent Guarantees and Stand-by Letters of Credit (New York, 11 December 1995); United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade (New

York, 12 December 2001).

2. The provisions of this Convention apply further to electronic com-munications in connection with the formation or performance of a contract to which another international convention, treaty or agreement not specifi-cally referred to in paragraph 1 of this article, and to which a Contracting State to this Convention is or may become a Contracting State, applies, unless the State has declared, in accordance with article 21, that it will not

be bound by this paragraph.

3. A State that makes a declaration pursuant to paragraph 2 of this

article may also declare that it will nevertheless apply the provisions of this Convention to the use of electronic communications in connection with the formation or performance of any contract to which a specified international convention, treaty or agreement applies to which the State is or may become

a Contracting State.

4. Any State may declare that it will not apply the provisions of this Convention to the use of electronic communications in connection with the formation or performance of a contract to which any international conven-tion, treaty or agreement specified in that State's declaration, to which the State is or may become a Contracting State, applies, including any of the conventions referred to in paragraph 1 of this article, even if such State has not excluded the application of paragraph 2 of this article by a declaration made in accordance with article .

502

Article 21. Procedure and effects of declarations

1. Declarations under article 17, paragraph 4, article 19, paragraphs 1

and 2, and article 20, paragraphs 2, 3 and 4, may be made at any time. Declarations made at the time of signature are subject to confirmation upon

ratification, acceptance or approval.

2. Declarations and their confirmations are to be in writing and to be

formally notified to the depositary.

3. A declaration takes effect simultaneously with the entry into force of

this Convention in respect of the State concerned. However, a declara- tion

of which the depositary receives formal notification after such entry into

force takes effect on the first day of the month following the expira- tion of

six months after the date of its receipt by the depositary.

4. Any State that makes a declaration under this Convention may

modify or withdraw it at any time by a formal notification in writing

addressed to the depositary. The modification or withdrawal is to take effect

on the first day of the month following the expiration of six months after the

date of the receipt of the notification by the depositary.

Article 22. Reservations

No reservations may be made under this Convention.

Article 23. Entry into force

1.This Convention enters into force on the first day of the month

following the expiration of six months after the date of deposit of the third

instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession.

2. When a State ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to this

Convention after the deposit of the third instrument of ratification, accept-

ance, approval or accession, this Convention enters into force in respect of

that State on the first day of the month following the expiration of six

months after the date of the deposit of its instrument of ratification,

acceptance, approval or accession.

Article 24. Time of application

This Convention and any declaration apply only to electronic commu-

503

nications that are made after the date when the Convention or the declara-

tion enters into force or takes effect in respect of each Contracting State.

Article 25. Denunciations

1.A Contracting State may denounce this Convention by a formal

notification in writing addressed to the depositary.

2. The denunciation takes effect on the first day of the month follow-

ing the expiration of twelve months after the notification is received by the

depositary. Where a longer period for the denunciation to take effect is spec-

ified in the notification, the denunciation takes effect upon the expiration of

such longer period after the notification is received by the depositary.

DONE at New York this twenty-third day of November two thousand

and five, in a single original, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French,

Russian and Spanish texts are equally authentic.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned plenipotentiaries, being

duly authorized by their respective Governments, have signed this

Convention.

504

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

Tieng Viet

1. BO Cong thuong (2006), Bao cao Dieu tra ve TMDT na'm 2006 dm Vu Thucmg mai dien tir

2. BO Cong twang (2007), Bao cao Thuang mai dien tir Viet Nam 2006

3. BO Cong thucmg (2007), Bao cao Thuang mai dien tir Viet Nam 2006

4. BO Cong thuang (2008), Bao cao Thixong mai dien tir Viet Nam 2007

5. BO C6ng thuang (2008), Th6ng to s6 09/2008/TT-BCT ngay

21/7/2008 va Giao kat hop don ten website Thucmg mai dien tir

6. BO Cong thucmg (2009), Bao cao Thucmg mai dien tir Viet Nam

2008

7. BO Cong twang, Thong to s6 09/2008/TT-BCT ngay 21/7/2008 va

Giao kat hop citing tren website Thucmg mai dien tir

8. Chinh phu (2005), Quyat dinh s6 222/2005/QD-TTg phe duyet Ka

hoach tong the phat trian thuong mai dien tir giai loan 2006-2010.

9. Chinh phii (2006), Nghi dinh so 57/2006/ND-CP ngay 09/06/2006

quy dinh chi tit LuSt Giao dich dien tir ve Thucmg mai dien tir

10. Chinh phii (2007), Nghi dinh s6 26/2007/ND-CP quy dinh chi tiat

thi hanh LOA giao dich dien tir ve Chu ky s6 va dich vu chimg thvc chit IcS,

11. Chinh phi' (2007), Nghi dinh s6 35/2007/ND-CP ngay 8/3/2007 .va

Giao dich dien tir trong hoat dOng ngfin hang

12. Chinh pha, Nghi dinh s6 57/2006/ND-CP ngay 09/06/2006 quy

dinh chi fiat Lust Giao dich dien tir ve Thuang mai dien tir

505

13. Chinh phu, Quy6t dinh s6 222/2005/QD-TTg phe duy6t K6 hoach

tong th6 phat tri6n thucmg mai di6n tit giai doan 2006-2010.

14. Dan, Nguy8n Tr9ng Dan (1997), Hop clang Thuang mai quac ta, NXB Th6ng ke.

15. Ma, Le Thi Ngoc Ma (2008), Bai giang Chit ky so, HOi thao

Thuang mai di6n tit, BO Cong thuang

16. Ma, Nguygn Thi Ma (2005), Cam nang phap ly va hop d'dng dien NXB Lao dOng — Xa hOi

17. Thoan, Nguy6n Van Thoan (2009), Bai giang Thuang mai dien tet, Trung dai h9c Ngoai thuang.

18. T6ng cvc Th6ng ke, www.gso.gov.vn

19. Vi6t Nam (2005), BO luat Dan su

20. Vi6t Nam (2005), Lust Giao dich di6n tit

21. Vi6t Nam (2005), Luat Thucmg mai sira d6i

22. Vi6t Nam (2006), Lust Cong ngh6 thong tin

23. www.ecosys.gov.vn

24. www.jetstar.com.vn

25. Ban chip hanh Trung trang Dang, Bao cao dm Ban Chip hanh Trung uang Dang kh6a IX ngay 10 thong 4 nam 2006 v6 phuang huang,

nhi6m vu phat tri6n kinh to - xa hOi 5 nam 2006 — 2010, tai Dai hOi dai bi6u

town qu6c lin thir X dm Dang, 10/4/2006

26. Ban chip hanh Trung uang Dang, Bao cao cila Ban Chip hanh

Trung uang Dang khoa VII tai Dai hOi dai bi6u town qu6c lin thir VIII dm

Dang, 17/10/2000

27. Ban Tu Wang — Van h6a Trung uang (2001), Ling dung va phat tri6n cong ngh6 thong tin phixc vu su nghi6p CNH, HDH dat nuoc, NXB

Chinh trj Qu6c gia

28. Vu Ng9c Cr (2001), Thuang mai di6n tir, NXB Giao thong Van tai

29. Dang COng sari Vi6t Nam (2006), Van kin Dai hOi Dai bi6u Toan

qu6c lin thir X, NXB Chinh tri Qu6c gia

506

Tieng Anh

30. About Acordis, http://www.clarifoil.com/content.asp

31. About AS C X12, www. x12 . org

32. About BASF, http://wvvw.basf.com/group/about-basf/index

33. About Corns IJ zuiden (Holand), http://www.corusgroup.com/en

34. About Quatuor (Belgium), http://www.dexigner.com/jump/directory

35. Agentrics LLC, 2008 — Agentrics LLC. Welcome to Agentrics, Agentrics.com, 23/8/2008).

36. Amazon.com (2008), Annual Report

37. Bolero.net (2008), Annual Report

38. Caroline Driedonks, Shirley Gregor, Arjen Wassenaar, and Eric van Heck (2005), Economic and Social Analysis of the Adoption of B2B Electronic Marketplaces: A Case Study in the Australian Beef Industry, International Journal of Electronic Commerce, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 49-72.

39. Chong, K.W. and S.J. Chao (2006). "United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts — A New Global Standard." Singapore Academy of Law Journal 18: 116-202.

40. Cisco (2002), Annual Report.

41. Dell (2003), Annual Report.

42. Di."&i tra dm IDA 2006

43. Ebay.com (2008), Annual Report

44. E-business report, China, 2008

45. E-business report, Thailand, 2008

46. E-Business, The law and You, 2002, tr. 167, Prentice Hall

47. EC (1997), Directive 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of the European Union of 20 May 1997 on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts

48. EC (1999), Directive 99/93/EC of European Parliament and of the Council of 13 December 1999 on a Community framework for electronic signature

507

49. EC (2003), Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8th June 2000 on Certain Legal Aspect of Information society services, in particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market (Directive on electronic commerce).

50. Economist Intelligence Unit (2008), E-readiness ranking 2008 — Maintaining Mometum

51. E-contracting, http://www.silanis.com/customers/e- contracting.html

52. Efraim Turban, Electronic Commerce A Managerial Perspective (2006), Prentice Hall

53. Enabling Global Electronic Market, http://www.ebxml.org/

54. FreshDirect-Help-FAQs,7.2008, http//www.freshdirect.com

55. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebxml

56. http://pblog.bna.com/techlaw/2008/01/eighteen-countr.html

57. http://vatgia.com/hoidap/4594/57583/tran-minh-tuan-01223372443-lua-tien-ban-khong.html

58. http://www.apec.org

59. http://www.disa.org/

60. http://www.folden.info/digitalsignatures.shtml

61. http://www.google.com/finance?q=NASDAQ%3AAMZN

62. http://www.google.com/finance?q=NASDAQ%3ADELL

63. http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/specification/ws-bpel/

64. http://www.ida.gov.sg/Publications/20061205165739.aspx

65. http://www.Internetworldstats.com/stats.htm

66. http://www.itfacts.biz

67. http://www.itfacts.biz

68. http://www.nationmultimedia.com/2009/07/08/business/business

69. http://www.nccusl.org

70. http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/17817/ ebxmljc-WhitePaper-wd-r02-en.pdf

508

71. http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/9159/ask-vendors-vendor-list-20040907.txt)

72. http://www.oecd.org

73. http://www.thongkeInternet.vn/j sp/tainguyen/domain_tab_tt.j sp

74. http://www.unece.org/cefact

75. http://www.unece.org/cefact

76. http://wwvv.ups.com/content/vn/vn/about/facts/worldwide.html

77. http://vvvvw.vntrades.com/tintuc/name-News-file-article-sid-27668.htm

78. http://www.wipo.int

79. http://www.x12.org/

80. Jennifer E.Hill (2006), The Future of Electronic Contracts in International Sales: Gaps and Natural Remedies under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,

81. Kenneth C. Laudon (2009), E-commerce Business Technology Society, Prentice Hall

82. Lynda M. Applegate (2002), Creating Business Advantage in the Information Age, McGraw-Hill Irwin

83. Micheal Chissick & Alistair Kelman (2002), Electronic Commerce: Law and Practice, 3`d Edition, Sweet & Maxwell, London

84. Moozakis (2001), K6't not vai cac doanh nghi4 vita va nho la mot thach thirc pho bin trong th hten giao ditch B2B

85. P. Radha Krinhna (2005), From Contracts to E-Contracts: Modeling and Enactment, Springer Science, p. 363-387

86. Pew Internet and American Life Project, 2008

87. Polanski, P.P. (2006), Convention on e-contracting: the rice of international law of electronic commerce?, Proceeding of the 19th Bled eCommerce Conference "eValue", Bled, Slovenia.

88. PricewaterhouseCoopers (2001),

89. Quirk, P. and J.Forder (2003), Electronic commerce and the law, Singapore, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

509

90. Rick Brooks (2000), FedEx to Launch Service That Allows Small

Companies to Build Online Stores, Wall Street Journal

91. Robert A. Hillman, Jeffrey J. Rachlinski (2004), Standard-Form

Contracting in the Electronic Age, Stanford University

92. Rosa Julia Barcelo (1999), EDI-Electronic contracting: Contract formation and evidentiary issues under Spanish Law, Rosa Julia Barcelo.

93. Ruth Orpwood (2008), Electronic Contracts: Where We've Come From, Where We Are, and Where We Should Be Going, International In-

house Counsel Journal, Vol. 1, No. 3, 455-466

94. Survey of the Law of Cyberspace (2005), Internet Contracting

Cases 2004-2005

95. Survey of the Law of Cyberspace (2006), Internet Contracting

Cases 2005-2006

96. Survey of the Law of Cyberspace (2007), Internet Contracting

Cases 2006-2007

97. Survey of the Law of Cyberspace (2008), Internet Contracting

Cases 2007-2008

98. Sylvia Mercado Kierkegaad (2007), E-contract formation: US and

EU perspectives

99. The Economist Intelligence Unit, E-readiness report, 2009

100.The European e-business report, 2008

101.Thuang mai dien tir Singapore — Thanh cong tir chinh sach quan ly

102.Trung tam nghien ciru Internet Trung Qu6c

103.UETA, http://www.nccusl.org/.../uniformacts-fs-ueta.asp, thang

8/2009

104.UN (1980), Cong trac Vien 1980 v'e Mua ban hang hoa qu6c to

105.UN (2005), Cong trac ve sir citing thong diep dit lieu trong giao

dich dien tir qu6c to

106.UNCITRAL (1996), LOA tau ve Thucmg mai dien tir cua

UNCITRAL

107.UNCITRAL (1996), Model Law on Electronic Commerce

108.UNCITRAL (1996), Model Law on Electronic Commerce

510

IldtiG 41 HGC NGel IHENG HE TtioNG TC11::N

109.UNCITRAL (2001), Model Law on Electronic Signature

110.UNCITRAL (2001), Model Law on Electronic Signature

111.UNCITRAL (2005), United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts

112.UNCITRAL (2006), Legal aspects of electronic commerce. Explanatory note on the Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in international Contracts, A/CN.9/608/Add.2.

113.UNCTAD (2004), Ecommerce and Development, 2003

114.UNCTAD (2004), Information Economy Development Report

115.UNCTAD (2005), Ecommerce and Development, 2004

116.UNCTAD (2005), Information Economy Development Report

117.UNCTAD (2006), Information Economy Development Report

118.UNCTAD (2007), Ecommerce and Development, 2006

119.UNCTAD (2007), Information Economy Development Report

120.UNCTAD (2008), Ecommerce and Development, 2007

121.US (1999), Uniform Electronic Transactions Act - UETA

122.Use RosettaNet-based Web services, Part 1: BPEL4WS and RosettaNet, How to instantly add years of e-business experience and expertise to your Web services, http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/,

24/7/2009

123.Weitzenboeck, E.M. (2001). "Electronic Agents and the Formation

of Contracts." International Journal of Law and Information Technology

9(3): 204-234.

511

Chili track nhiem xutit ban

Bi V* Bic

Chia track nhiern ban Chao

PGS.TS. NGUT Nguyen Van Ming TS. Nguyen Van Thoan

Trinh bay bia

NguyZn Trung Dung

In 1.000 won, kilo 16 x 24 cm tai Cong ty CP In Khoa hoc Cong ngh' mai SO clang ky KHXB: 268 — 2012/0(B/20 — 07/HD In xong va nop luu chiL thang 4 atm 2011

512