Phylum Friday

8/7/2019 Phylum Friday

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Protists Phylums:

Dinoflagellata, Ciliophora, and Euglenozoa

Protists Phy

lums:

Dinoflagellata, Ciliophora, and Euglenozoa

By: Max Spiegelman

Period 3

By: Max Spiegelman

Period 3


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DinoflagellatesDinoflagellates


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General Characteristics


They are small. Although many of them are microscopic, the

largest, Noctiluca, may be as large as 2 mm indiameter.

They are small. Although many of them are microscopic, the

largest, Noctiluca, may be as large as 2 mm indiameter.

QuickTime and adecompressor

are needed to see this picture. Ceratium furca


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Many are armored.

The cell is surrounded by a series of membranes called

the amphiesma. In plated" species, the cellulose

deposited between the membranes forms rigid plates

called thecae. A cell is considered naked" if it lacks

thecae.

Their chromosomes are always condensed.

Many are armored.

The cell is surrounded by a series of membranes called

the amphiesma. In plated" species, the cellulose

deposited between the membranes forms rigid plates

called thecae. A cell is considered naked" if it lacks

thecae.

Their chromosomes are always condensed.


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Mode of NutritionMode of Nutrition About half are photosynthetic and make up the

second largest group of eukaryotic marine algae.

Some are endosymbionts of marine animals andprotozoa and play an important role in coral reefecosystems.

Others feed on protozoa.

Few are parasitic.

About half are photosynthetic and make up thesecond largest group of eukaryotic marine algae.

Some are endosymbionts of marine animals andprotozoa and play an important role in coral reefecosystems.

Others feed on protozoa.

Few are parasitic.


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Reproductive Cycle

Reproductive Cycle

Asexual Reproduction

In ideal conditions, vegetative fission dominates,yielding motile haploid schizonts.

exual Reproduction

1. At an unknown trigger, the schizonts act asgametes, fusing to form diploid zygotes, when

one or more theca may be lost.

2. The diploid zygote constructs a new theca andresumes its motility.


In ideal conditions, vegetative fission dominates,yielding motile haploid schizonts.

exual Reproduction

1. At an unknown trigger, the schizonts act asgametes, fusing to form diploid zygotes, when

one or more theca may be lost.

2. The diploid zygote constructs a new theca andresumes its motility.


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3. The activity level decreases and afterfifteen days the flagella are lost. the cell isthen termed a hypnozygote.

5. The hypnozygote, or resting cyst, then

behaves as a sedimentary particle andsettles to the sea floor.

6. After a period of obligate dormancy, the

protoplast ex-cysts and the cycle closesas meiotic division again produceshaploid, thecate, motile cells.

3. The activity level decreases and afterfifteen days the flagella are lost. the cell isthen termed a hypnozygote.

5. The hypnozygote, or resting cyst, then

behaves as a sedimentary particle andsettles to the sea floor.

6. After a period of obligate dormancy, the

protoplast ex-cysts and the cycle closesas meiotic division again produceshaploid, thecate, motile cells.


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CiliophoraCiliophora


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Characterized by the presence of hair-

like organelles called cilia.

Identical in structure to flagella, but typically

shorter and present in much larger numbers.

Variouslyusedin swimming, crawling,

attachment, feeding, andsensation.

Characterized by the presence of hair-

like organelles called cilia.

Identical in structure to flagella, but typically

shorter and present in much larger numbers.

Variouslyusedin swimming, crawling,

attachment, feeding, andsensation.


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Have twodifferent types of nuclei:

A small, diploidmicronucleus (for reproduction)

A large, polyploidmacronucleus ( for general cell

regulation).

Have twodifferent types of nuclei:

A small, diploidmicronucleus (for reproduction)

A large, polyploidmacronucleus ( for general cell

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Mode of NutritionMode of Nutrition Most ciliates are heterotrophic andfeedon

smallerorganisms such as bacteria and

algae, anddetritus.

Some ciliates feedbyabsorption.

Others are predatoryandfeedon otherprotozoa andciliates.

Most ciliates are heterotrophic andfeedonsmallerorganisms such as bacteria and

algae, anddetritus.

Some ciliates feedbyabsorption.

Others are predatoryandfeedon otherprotozoa andciliates.


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Reproductive Cycle

Reproductive Cycle


Occurs bybinaryfission

1. The micronucleus undergoes mitosis.2. The macronucleus elongates andsplits in half.

3. Both new cells each obtain a copyof the micronucleusandmacronucleus.

exual Reproduction

Involves conjugation, where two cells fuse andlater divide, forming four new cells.


Occurs bybinaryfission

1. The micronucleus undergoes mitosis.2. The macronucleus elongates andsplits in half.

3. Both new cells each obtain a copyof the micronucleusandmacronucleus.

exual Reproduction

Involves conjugation, where two cells fuse andlater divide, forming four new cells.


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EuglenozoaEuglenozoa


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Unicellular

On average, around15-40 micrometers in size,

but can reach 500 micrometers.

Unicellular

On average, around15-40 micrometers in size,

but can reach 500 micrometers.

QuickTime and adecompressor

are needed to see this picture.


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Mode of NutritionMode of Nutrition Manyingest bacteria orother smallorganisms through the cytosome, or mouth.

Some feedthrough absorption.

Manypossess chloroplasts, andobtainenergythrough photosynthesis.

Manyingest bacteria orother smallorganisms through the cytosome, or mouth.

Some feedthrough absorption.

Manypossess chloroplasts, andobtainenergythrough photosynthesis.


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Reproduction

Reproduction

Reproduction takes place onlythrough celldivision.

When mitosis takes place, the nuclear membranestays intactor in place, andthe spindlemicrotubules forms inside of it.

Theyabsorb their flagellum anddivide haploid

cells. Mitosis produces 4-8 flagellatedhaploidcells.

Reproduction takes place onlythrough celldivision.

When mitosis takes place, the nuclear membranestays intactor in place, andthe spindlemicrotubules forms inside of it.

Theyabsorb their flagellum anddivide haploid

cells. Mitosis produces 4-8 flagellatedhaploidcells.


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EuglenozoaE

uglenozoa

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Works Cited

Works Cited

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/dinoflagellata.html

http://tolweb.org/Euglenozoa/2405

http://www.microscopy-

uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/ciliata.html

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/dinoflagellata.html

http://tolweb.org/Euglenozoa/2405

http://www.microscopy-

uk.org.uk/mag/indexmag.html

http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/ciliata.html


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